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The high cost of real estate commissions

The United States is leading a roiling new era of competition law, where governments have pivoted from years of inaction to litigate the questionable methods by which some big businesses operate.

A landmark decision came in early August, when the federal government won a case against Google. A U.S. District Court ruled Google is a monopolist and wielded its dominance of internet search to maintain that monopoly.

Economic power exerted by large tech firms may be the most obvious target of reform, but such issues exist across the American (and Canadian) economy, after decades of unfettered corporate consolidation greenlighted by previous governments.

The buying and selling of real estate in the U.S. is undergoing a similar reckoning. People in the U.S. (as in Canada) pay some of the highest real estate transaction fees in the world. Last October, a U.S. jury ruled against the National Association of Realtors in a class-action lawsuit case over high fees paid on housing deals, often around 6 per cent. The decision found the industry conspired to inflate fees. Instead of appealing, the real estate agents this March settled for a lower penalty and agreed to change industry rules around how fees are decided.

The deal went into effect in mid-August but industry continues to fight against change. Academic research published last year shows agents – who are supposed to be working on behalf of their clients – routinely steer people away from deals with lower fees. Such homes take longer to sell, the research found, as agents for buyers tended to avoid them.

Real estate in the U.S. and Canada operates along similar lines. The person selling a home pays their agent, who divides the money with the buyer’s agent. Outsized fees have drawn an eager work force of real estate agents . In the U.S., they number 1.6-million. In Canada, it’s more than 160,000. In the United Kingdom, where fees are below 2 per cent, there are fewer than 50,000 agents.

What irks many buyers and sellers is that fees have not changed much as prices to buy a home have soared. Statistics Canada data shows that agents and brokers (residential and commercial) were paid $2.43-billion in 2022, as the industry enjoyed a hefty operating profit margin of 31.3 per cent. In 2012, agents and brokers were paid $1.18-billion, when the industry’s operating margin was 25.3 per cent.

Such fees inflate the price of homes. There are many other inflated costs in the housing market – starting with rapidly increasing taxes on new homes that masquerade under the label development charges – and agents do provide a service to clients. Yet it is unusual that agents’ compensation doubled over a decade as they sold roughly the same number of homes then and now. There are low-fee agents but take a look at MLS, the central online hub for listings: a typical listing does not include the selling agent’s fee. It should be mandatory to disclose it to all viewers.

Agents’ fees aren’t fixed but there are standard rates across Canada. Agents will say people can negotiate but there is a major power imbalance between the agent, who handles deals all the time, and a buyer or seller for whom such an event is rare, never mind the emotional or financial stress involved. There’s a disincentive to bargain over the fee when clinching a deal is at stake. “Agents have such great advantages over consumers in any negotiation,” the Consumer Federation of America has said.

In Canada, a potential class-action lawsuit over real estate commissions is in Federal Court. Last September, a judge allowed the case to move ahead to the certification phase. The next hearing is in October.

Meanwhile, the U.S. Department of Justice this spring revived an antitrust investigation of the National Association of Realtors, the group that settled the consumer lawsuits in March. And just last week, the Justice Department sued RealPage, a software company that works with landlords. It’s a controversial product used in Canada as well . The U.S. government alleges RealPage operates an “unlawful scheme to decrease competition among landlords in apartment pricing” – one that “harms millions of American renters.”

This space has celebrated the new era in competition law. Across the economy, businesses and their sometimes overly aggressive actions merit much more scrutiny than they received during the laissez-faire years of decades past, and that includes Canada’s real estate industry.

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Wildfires and Real Estate Values in California

Leila Bengali

Fernanda Nechio

Stephanie A. Stewart

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FRBSF Economic Letter 2024-22 | August 26, 2024

Wildfires have been a concern in California for decades. The intensity of these events has increased recently, with particularly large and destructive fire seasons between 2018 and 2021. Analysis shows that distance from high fire-risk zones had little impact on residential housing values in the past. However, that has changed since the late 2010s, coinciding with more extensive fire damage to land and structures across the state. Insurance availability appears to help little in preserving home values in areas that are considered more at risk.

Wildfires have damaged property in the state of California for decades, and fire risk in the state is elevated relative to most of the United States (Aylward and Oliveira 2020). Historical data from California’s state fire agency, CAL FIRE, recorded over 300,000 fire episodes in the state between 1987 and 2022. The size and intensity of these episodes have increased in recent years, along with their estimated costs. In the 1990s, a little over 415,000 acres burned on average each year; this annual average increased to just over 775,000 acres in the 2010s. At the same time, the number of structures destroyed by fires increased from about 355 yearly on average in the 1990s to an annual average of about 4,055 in the 2010s. This increase is due partly to a series of especially damaging fires in 2017 and 2018 and partly to an increase in residential use of areas deemed as high fire-risk zones (Mockrin et al. 2023).

The increases in severity, structure damage, and residential use of areas with high fire risk suggest that wildfire risk could negatively affect the residential real estate market in California, particularly as the state continues to struggle with a shortage of available housing units. Indeed, earlier research indicates that wildfires negatively impact residential real estate values of properties located near but generally not inside burned areas in southern California (Mueller, Loomis, and González-Cabán 2009).

In this Economic Letter , we estimate the effects of wildfire risk as measured by the distance from recent wildfires on residential real estate values. Our results suggest that property values have been more adversely impacted in recent years by being close to past wildfires than was the case previously. Moreover, while having insurance can help mitigate some of the costs associated with fire episodes, our results suggest that insurance does little to improve the adverse effects on property values.

Wildfires and residential areas in recent decades

Figure 1 summarizes wildfire activity in California from 1984 through 2021. It shows the number of wildfires and the average acreage burned per fire for wildfires exceeding 1,000 acres. The figure shows that, while the number of wildfires each year does not follow any particular trend over time, the area burned by wildfires has increased substantially, particularly in recent years.

Figure 1 California wildfires and acres burned

At the same time, the number of homes built in areas deemed as high risk has also increased over time. For example, a 2023 report from the USDA Forest Service estimated that the share of housing in the wildland-urban interface increased about 40% in California from 1990 to 2020 (Mockrin et al. 2023). The wildland-urban interface is generally regarded as having high fire risk.

Wildfire risk and housing values

The increasing intensity of wildfires and the growing exposure to high-risk areas have implications for real estate markets in California. We examine this issue using data from different sources. We use wildfire data from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) database of 1,000-plus acre fires, particularly information about each fire’s burn perimeter and ignition date, to measure past fire activity. Housing market data come from annual parcel-level administrative tax records obtained through CoreLogic. These data contain information on each property’s value, characteristics such as lot and building size, and location including zip code. We focus on single-family owner-occupied homes and analyze annual data at the zip code level. To measure wildfire risk, we identify the five wildfires closest to each zip code in each year, calculate the distances between the zip code and these five wildfire burn perimeters, and take an average. We use the geographic center of each zip code to calculate distances to the fire perimeters.

We estimate the relationship between distance from past wildfires and residential real estate values, controlling for other factors that can help explain variation in home values over time and across zip codes. These factors include property characteristics such as lot size, building square footage, and other property amenities. Importantly, we also account for trends over time by including average home values in the state and for typical differences in home values between zip codes by using zip code level averages. This means that the relationships we identify between wildfires and home values are driven by comparisons within a zip code rather than comparisons across zip codes. We omit zip codes with geographic centers within about 3 miles (5 kilometers) of fire perimeters to avoid using data on homes that may have been destroyed by fire. Finally, we estimate this relationship for wildfires that happened in the current year, the year before, two years before, and three years before to examine how a previous fire may affect values today. For brevity, here we focus on the effects of wildfires that happened three years before, since those patterns are similar to the patterns from earlier past fires.

Figure 2 reports the estimated relationship between the average distance in hundreds of miles to the zip code’s five closest wildfires and the average home values in the zip code. The blue dot shows the results using the first part of our sample, from 2008 to 2017. The green dot reports results for the most recent period, from 2018 to 2021. The red dot will be discussed in a later section. The bars around each data point show the statistical significance within a 95% confidence range. The positive values indicate that homes farther from past fires tend to have higher property values. Comparing the two results shows that the estimated relationship between distance from fire zones and home values was stronger in the more recent sample. While the change is notable, the effects are relatively small. Even in the late sample, being farther from past fires is associated with a boost in home value of about 2% for homes of average value.

Figure 2 Relationship between wildfire distance and home values

This change in patterns roughly aligns with the increasing wildfire intensity in California. The recent large fires may have changed homeowners’ perceptions of fire risk, which could alter how they view the tradeoff between amenities associated with living in risky areas and potential damages from wildfires (Donovan, Champ, and Butry 2007).

Using our estimates, we calculate the cumulative average effect of wildfires in 2021 and the three years prior on home values in each zip code. This calculation takes into account how far each zip code was from the closest five fires in 2021, 2020, 2019, and 2018. Figure 3 shows these estimates relative to the statewide average—that is, the difference between the estimated cumulative effect for each zip code and the average cumulative effect in the state.

Figure 3 Cumulative effects of 2018-2021 fires on home values

The figure shows wide variation across zip codes. In particular, coastal regions in central and northern California and arid desert regions in the extreme south experienced benefits relative to the average, shown as positive values, as these areas were farther than average from wildfires. In contrast, in vegetated and mountainous areas around Los Angeles and in the Sierras, wildfires lowered home values relative to the average, as these areas were closer to where wildfires burned.

Does insurance help home values?

Since our results indicate that wildfire risk may lower home values, we assess whether homeowners can counterbalance this risk with homeowner’s insurance.

Homeowners can obtain insurance through the private market or through the state-created California FAIR plan. The latter option is an alternative for homeowners who are not able to obtain insurance in the private market. The FAIR plan costs more and offers less generous coverage, protecting only the homeowner’s dwelling, as opposed to most plans that also cover personal belongings and have other benefits. As such, the FAIR plan use gives an indication of the quality of insurance homeowners can access. The FAIR plan market share is small for the residential market we study—about 3% in 2021—and its market share and market share growth vary across the state. Areas with higher FAIR plan use and growth tend to be those that face higher wildfire risk, such as hilly, mountainous, or heavily forested regions.

We use policy-level insurance data from the California Department of Insurance (CDI), which allows us to estimate insurance coverage rates for different types of policies. We add two measures of zip-code level insurance coverage to our model. The first is the percent of homes with private or public insurance. The second is a proxy for FAIR plan use, which captures coverage quality. Although the policy-level CDI data do not explicitly identify which plans are FAIR plans, the percent of homes with “dwelling only” insurance gives a good indication. Because of the noted association between FAIR plan use and wildfire risk, we also control for the proportion of insured homes that are designated as having high fire risk.

Using these insurance data, we revisit our analysis from Figure 2 to control for insurance access, shown by the red dot in Figure 2. Comparing the green and the red dots shows that controlling for risk classification and insurance access does little to limit the impact of distance to fire zones on home values.

This Letter assesses how living with wildfire risk has affected home values in California in recent years. While wildfire-prone areas offer scenery and green spaces that homeowners seek, measures of changing home values in recent years indicate that the risks may outweigh the benefits, even accounting for potential protection from homeowner’s insurance. This pattern may become stronger in years to come if residential construction continues to expand into areas with higher fire risk and if trends in wildfire severity continue.

Aylward, James, and Luiz E. Oliveira. 2020. “ Rising Wildfire Risk for the 12th District Economy .” FRBSF Economic Letter 2020-19 (July 13).

Donovan, Geoffrey H., Patricia A. Champ, and David T. Butry. 2007. “Wildfire Risk and Housing Prices: A Case Study from Colorado Springs.” Land Economics 83(2), pp. 217–233.

Mockrin, Miranda, Barbara McGuinness, David Helmers, and Volker Radeloff. 2023. Understanding the Wildland-Urban Interface (1990–2020) . Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

Mueller, Julie, John Loomis, and Armando González-Cabán. 2009. “Do Repeated Wildfires Change Homebuyers’ Demand for Homes in High-Risk Areas? A Hedonic Analysis of the Short and Long-Term Effects of Repeated Wildfires on House Prices in Southern California.” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 38, pp.155–172.

Opinions expressed in FRBSF Economic Letter do not necessarily reflect the views of the management of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. This publication is edited by Anita Todd and Karen Barnes. Permission to reprint portions of articles or whole articles must be obtained in writing. Please send editorial comments and requests for reprint permission to [email protected]

I am moving to a new house a few miles away. Apologies to my sweet Dunedin neighbors who are finding out by reading this. When you live in the Florida suburbs, I suppose the proper thing to do is stand on the stoop a la Tony Soprano and be belly-forward with personal news, but I’d rather disassociate by lining up hoarded hotel shampoos like a glass menagerie. Also, saying the words makes it final.

We stumbled on a new home that checked most boxes on our wish list besides “floor to ceiling ‘Beauty and the Beast’ bookshelves with sliding ladder.” The other owner wanted out, closing went fast and we looked up and suddenly owned two homes.

Oops! A terrible idea, financially and logistically! We’ve been moving out of Home One into Home Two for weeks, ferrying carloads of boxes so we can quickly list our place. This order of real estate transaction seems stupid, yet I wonder: Is there any good way to move? All methods involve swaths of pretend money and stress, and I wouldn’t have wanted to do it the other way, either.

Say you sell House One before buying House Two. For starters, you have to keep it clean — not just regular clean, but show clean. There is simply no way I could leave a decorative rolled hand towel on the bathroom counter for a month. No way I could vacate the premises at a moment’s notice. How to explain to prospective buyers that, no, no, it’s my JOB to roam around this house, pants optional, hugging a laptop like a deranged marsupial? I really am busy!

Then what? Then you sell House One and… become a POD person? Rent an interim house? Shack up with a family member whose love you can afford to lose? When you finally find House Two, which actually is House Three by this point, you have moved your entire life twice, which is traumatic and sinister.

Don’t get me wrong, my way is not good, either. As it stands, everything I own is dolloped across the miles like sour cream on life’s burrito. I cannot go anywhere nice because A) I don’t have any cash, and B) I cannot locate my hairbrush. Fine, since we’re trying to minimize restaurants and delivery (see: tufts of dust puffing from wallets). However, most of my dishes are packed. Can one boil spaghetti on a paper plate?

These are good problems to have, of course. It’s a blessing to be able to buy a house in this weird up-and-down market, in a state enmeshed in an insurance crisis, in a country where affordable housing is stretched and mortgage rates creep down slowly.

But how as a society have we not remedied the awkwardness of moving? Studies call moving one of the most stressful life events a human endures, right up there with divorce and death. How have our capitalist minds not developed a solution involving storage lockers with beds, like a mixed-use development for relocation? Can’t the cost be worked into the amortization schedule? Where is “Shark Tank” on this?

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I’ve thought about this a lot while driving to Goodwill 64 times. I think I finally figured it out.

The chaos has to happen. The neck-straining stress of moving is the catalyst for action, the host for bravery to feed upon.

Otherwise, I would personally die in one place. I would look up at the house I’ve adored and begrudged for years, notice how the sun drenches the stucco it when I walk the dog at dusk. I’d think about the relationships that rotted and bloomed there, the late-night dances in the kitchen, the greasy pizza movie sessions, the pile of kicked-off shoes in the corner, the little frog that lives on the patio. If I didn’t get epically frustrated right at the end, it would be too difficult to abandon the holy specter of birthday streamers and holiday dinners and wine-dappled talks and sticky grass seeds and children scampering down the sidewalk.

It would be impossible to know it’s time to give this house to someone else, to give another house a chance at becoming home.

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Stephanie Hayes is a columnist offering her thoughts on current events, life and culture. She can be reached at [email protected].

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United States Housing Market

The average United States home value is $362,481 , up 3.3% over the past year and goes to pending in around 15 days .

What is the Zillow Home Values Index?

Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI), built from the ground up by measuring monthly changes in property level Zestimates, captures both the level and home values across a wide variety of geographies and housing types.

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Key things to know about U.S. election polling in 2024

Confidence in U.S. public opinion polling was shaken by errors in 2016 and 2020. In both years’ general elections, many polls underestimated the strength of Republican candidates, including Donald Trump. These errors laid bare some real limitations of polling.

In the midterms that followed those elections, polling performed better . But many Americans remain skeptical that it can paint an accurate portrait of the public’s political preferences.

Restoring people’s confidence in polling is an important goal, because robust and independent public polling has a critical role to play in a democratic society. It gathers and publishes information about the well-being of the public and about citizens’ views on major issues. And it provides an important counterweight to people in power, or those seeking power, when they make claims about “what the people want.”

The challenges facing polling are undeniable. In addition to the longstanding issues of rising nonresponse and cost, summer 2024 brought extraordinary events that transformed the presidential race . The good news is that people with deep knowledge of polling are working hard to fix the problems exposed in 2016 and 2020, experimenting with more data sources and interview approaches than ever before. Still, polls are more useful to the public if people have realistic expectations about what surveys can do well – and what they cannot.

With that in mind, here are some key points to know about polling heading into this year’s presidential election.

Probability sampling (or “random sampling”). This refers to a polling method in which survey participants are recruited using random sampling from a database or list that includes nearly everyone in the population. The pollster selects the sample. The survey is not open for anyone who wants to sign up.

Online opt-in polling (or “nonprobability sampling”). These polls are recruited using a variety of methods that are sometimes referred to as “convenience sampling.” Respondents come from a variety of online sources such as ads on social media or search engines, websites offering rewards in exchange for survey participation, or self-enrollment. Unlike surveys with probability samples, people can volunteer to participate in opt-in surveys.

Nonresponse and nonresponse bias. Nonresponse is when someone sampled for a survey does not participate. Nonresponse bias occurs when the pattern of nonresponse leads to error in a poll estimate. For example, college graduates are more likely than those without a degree to participate in surveys, leading to the potential that the share of college graduates in the resulting sample will be too high.

Mode of interview. This refers to the format in which respondents are presented with and respond to survey questions. The most common modes are online, live telephone, text message and paper. Some polls use more than one mode.

Weighting. This is a statistical procedure pollsters perform to make their survey align with the broader population on key characteristics like age, race, etc. For example, if a survey has too many college graduates compared with their share in the population, people without a college degree are “weighted up” to match the proper share.

How are election polls being conducted?

Pollsters are making changes in response to the problems in previous elections. As a result, polling is different today than in 2016. Most U.S. polling organizations that conducted and publicly released national surveys in both 2016 and 2022 (61%) used methods in 2022 that differed from what they used in 2016 . And change has continued since 2022.

One change is that the number of active polling organizations has grown significantly, indicating that there are fewer barriers to entry into the polling field. The number of organizations that conduct national election polls more than doubled between 2000 and 2022.

This growth has been driven largely by pollsters using inexpensive opt-in sampling methods. But previous Pew Research Center analyses have demonstrated how surveys that use nonprobability sampling may have errors twice as large , on average, as those that use probability sampling.

The second change is that many of the more prominent polling organizations that use probability sampling – including Pew Research Center – have shifted from conducting polls primarily by telephone to using online methods, or some combination of online, mail and telephone. The result is that polling methodologies are far more diverse now than in the past.

(For more about how public opinion polling works, including a chapter on election polls, read our short online course on public opinion polling basics .)

All good polling relies on statistical adjustment called “weighting,” which makes sure that the survey sample aligns with the broader population on key characteristics. Historically, public opinion researchers have adjusted their data using a core set of demographic variables to correct imbalances between the survey sample and the population.

But there is a growing realization among survey researchers that weighting a poll on just a few variables like age, race and gender is insufficient for getting accurate results. Some groups of people – such as older adults and college graduates – are more likely to take surveys, which can lead to errors that are too sizable for a simple three- or four-variable adjustment to work well. Adjusting on more variables produces more accurate results, according to Center studies in 2016 and 2018 .

A number of pollsters have taken this lesson to heart. For example, recent high-quality polls by Gallup and The New York Times/Siena College adjusted on eight and 12 variables, respectively. Our own polls typically adjust on 12 variables . In a perfect world, it wouldn’t be necessary to have that much intervention by the pollster. But the real world of survey research is not perfect.

Predicting who will vote is critical – and difficult. Preelection polls face one crucial challenge that routine opinion polls do not: determining who of the people surveyed will actually cast a ballot.

Roughly a third of eligible Americans do not vote in presidential elections , despite the enormous attention paid to these contests. Determining who will abstain is difficult because people can’t perfectly predict their future behavior – and because many people feel social pressure to say they’ll vote even if it’s unlikely.

No one knows the profile of voters ahead of Election Day. We can’t know for sure whether young people will turn out in greater numbers than usual, or whether key racial or ethnic groups will do so. This means pollsters are left to make educated guesses about turnout, often using a mix of historical data and current measures of voting enthusiasm. This is very different from routine opinion polls, which mostly do not ask about people’s future intentions.

When major news breaks, a poll’s timing can matter. Public opinion on most issues is remarkably stable, so you don’t necessarily need a recent poll about an issue to get a sense of what people think about it. But dramatic events can and do change public opinion , especially when people are first learning about a new topic. For example, polls this summer saw notable changes in voter attitudes following Joe Biden’s withdrawal from the presidential race. Polls taken immediately after a major event may pick up a shift in public opinion, but those shifts are sometimes short-lived. Polls fielded weeks or months later are what allow us to see whether an event has had a long-term impact on the public’s psyche.

How accurate are polls?

The answer to this question depends on what you want polls to do. Polls are used for all kinds of purposes in addition to showing who’s ahead and who’s behind in a campaign. Fair or not, however, the accuracy of election polling is usually judged by how closely the polls matched the outcome of the election.

By this standard, polling in 2016 and 2020 performed poorly. In both years, state polling was characterized by serious errors. National polling did reasonably well in 2016 but faltered in 2020.

In 2020, a post-election review of polling by the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) found that “the 2020 polls featured polling error of an unusual magnitude: It was the highest in 40 years for the national popular vote and the highest in at least 20 years for state-level estimates of the vote in presidential, senatorial, and gubernatorial contests.”

How big were the errors? Polls conducted in the last two weeks before the election suggested that Biden’s margin over Trump was nearly twice as large as it ended up being in the final national vote tally.

Errors of this size make it difficult to be confident about who is leading if the election is closely contested, as many U.S. elections are .

Pollsters are rightly working to improve the accuracy of their polls. But even an error of 4 or 5 percentage points isn’t too concerning if the purpose of the poll is to describe whether the public has favorable or unfavorable opinions about candidates , or to show which issues matter to which voters. And on questions that gauge where people stand on issues, we usually want to know broadly where the public stands. We don’t necessarily need to know the precise share of Americans who say, for example, that climate change is mostly caused by human activity. Even judged by its performance in recent elections, polling can still provide a faithful picture of public sentiment on the important issues of the day.

The 2022 midterms saw generally accurate polling, despite a wave of partisan polls predicting a broad Republican victory. In fact, FiveThirtyEight found that “polls were more accurate in 2022 than in any cycle since at least 1998, with almost no bias toward either party.” Moreover, a handful of contrarian polls that predicted a 2022 “red wave” largely washed out when the votes were tallied. In sum, if we focus on polling in the most recent national election, there’s plenty of reason to be encouraged.

Compared with other elections in the past 20 years, polls have been less accurate when Donald Trump is on the ballot. Preelection surveys suffered from large errors – especially at the state level – in 2016 and 2020, when Trump was standing for election. But they performed reasonably well in the 2018 and 2022 midterms, when he was not.

During the 2016 campaign, observers speculated about the possibility that Trump supporters might be less willing to express their support to a pollster – a phenomenon sometimes described as the “shy Trump effect.” But a committee of polling experts evaluated five different tests of the “shy Trump” theory and turned up little to no evidence for each one . Later, Pew Research Center and, in a separate test, a researcher from Yale also found little to no evidence in support of the claim.

Instead, two other explanations are more likely. One is about the difficulty of estimating who will turn out to vote. Research has found that Trump is popular among people who tend to sit out midterms but turn out for him in presidential election years. Since pollsters often use past turnout to predict who will vote, it can be difficult to anticipate when irregular voters will actually show up.

The other explanation is that Republicans in the Trump era have become a little less likely than Democrats to participate in polls . Pollsters call this “partisan nonresponse bias.” Surprisingly, polls historically have not shown any particular pattern of favoring one side or the other. The errors that favored Democratic candidates in the past eight years may be a result of the growth of political polarization, along with declining trust among conservatives in news organizations and other institutions that conduct polls.

Whatever the cause, the fact that Trump is again the nominee of the Republican Party means that pollsters must be especially careful to make sure all segments of the population are properly represented in surveys.

The real margin of error is often about double the one reported. A typical election poll sample of about 1,000 people has a margin of sampling error that’s about plus or minus 3 percentage points. That number expresses the uncertainty that results from taking a sample of the population rather than interviewing everyone . Random samples are likely to differ a little from the population just by chance, in the same way that the quality of your hand in a card game varies from one deal to the next.

The problem is that sampling error is not the only kind of error that affects a poll. Those other kinds of error, in fact, can be as large or larger than sampling error. Consequently, the reported margin of error can lead people to think that polls are more accurate than they really are.

There are three other, equally important sources of error in polling: noncoverage error , where not all the target population has a chance of being sampled; nonresponse error, where certain groups of people may be less likely to participate; and measurement error, where people may not properly understand the questions or misreport their opinions. Not only does the margin of error fail to account for those other sources of potential error, putting a number only on sampling error implies to the public that other kinds of error do not exist.

Several recent studies show that the average total error in a poll estimate may be closer to twice as large as that implied by a typical margin of sampling error. This hidden error underscores the fact that polls may not be precise enough to call the winner in a close election.

Other important things to remember

Transparency in how a poll was conducted is associated with better accuracy . The polling industry has several platforms and initiatives aimed at promoting transparency in survey methodology. These include AAPOR’s transparency initiative and the Roper Center archive . Polling organizations that participate in these organizations have less error, on average, than those that don’t participate, an analysis by FiveThirtyEight found .

Participation in these transparency efforts does not guarantee that a poll is rigorous, but it is undoubtedly a positive signal. Transparency in polling means disclosing essential information, including the poll’s sponsor, the data collection firm, where and how participants were selected, modes of interview, field dates, sample size, question wording, and weighting procedures.

There is evidence that when the public is told that a candidate is extremely likely to win, some people may be less likely to vote . Following the 2016 election, many people wondered whether the pervasive forecasts that seemed to all but guarantee a Hillary Clinton victory – two modelers put her chances at 99% – led some would-be voters to conclude that the race was effectively over and that their vote would not make a difference. There is scientific research to back up that claim: A team of researchers found experimental evidence that when people have high confidence that one candidate will win, they are less likely to vote. This helps explain why some polling analysts say elections should be covered using traditional polling estimates and margins of error rather than speculative win probabilities (also known as “probabilistic forecasts”).

National polls tell us what the entire public thinks about the presidential candidates, but the outcome of the election is determined state by state in the Electoral College . The 2000 and 2016 presidential elections demonstrated a difficult truth: The candidate with the largest share of support among all voters in the United States sometimes loses the election. In those two elections, the national popular vote winners (Al Gore and Hillary Clinton) lost the election in the Electoral College (to George W. Bush and Donald Trump). In recent years, analysts have shown that Republican candidates do somewhat better in the Electoral College than in the popular vote because every state gets three electoral votes regardless of population – and many less-populated states are rural and more Republican.

For some, this raises the question: What is the use of national polls if they don’t tell us who is likely to win the presidency? In fact, national polls try to gauge the opinions of all Americans, regardless of whether they live in a battleground state like Pennsylvania, a reliably red state like Idaho or a reliably blue state like Rhode Island. In short, national polls tell us what the entire citizenry is thinking. Polls that focus only on the competitive states run the risk of giving too little attention to the needs and views of the vast majority of Americans who live in uncompetitive states – about 80%.

Fortunately, this is not how most pollsters view the world . As the noted political scientist Sidney Verba explained, “Surveys produce just what democracy is supposed to produce – equal representation of all citizens.”

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Scott Keeter is a senior survey advisor at Pew Research Center .

Courtney Kennedy is Vice President of Methods and Innovation at Pew Research Center .

How do people in the U.S. take Pew Research Center surveys, anyway?

How public polling has changed in the 21st century, what 2020’s election poll errors tell us about the accuracy of issue polling, a field guide to polling: election 2020 edition, methods 101: how is polling done around the world, most popular.

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Buying a House in 2024: What’s Changed?

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At the risk of jinxing it, things are looking up for home buyers.

The average rate on a 30-year fixed rate mortgage has dropped for three consecutive months (and counting). Competition has calmed down a bit — and inflation has, too. And while we’re still technically in a sellers’ market, the inventory of homes for sale in June reached its highest level in more than four years.

Hoping to buy in 2024? If you’re well prepared with a budget and a mortgage preapproval, you might not even need to knock on wood. Let’s look at the good news, the challenges and the wild cards that remain for home buyers this year.

Good news: Mortgage rates drop to a one-year low

Finally, some relief: In the week ending Aug. 15, 30-year mortgage rates dropped to an average 6.28%, their lowest weekly average since February 2023. That’s welcome news for shoppers who have felt burned by high rates — or maybe even put their house hunt on ice until the cost of borrowing cooled down.

Over the past two years, buyers have been at the mercy of mortgage rates’ meteoric rise, holding on as the average 30-year fixed rate climbed from 3% to nearly 7% in 2022. In October 2023, rates topped 8% for the first time since 2000 — a surprise even many top economists didn’t predict. Higher interest rates make it more expensive to get a mortgage.

To put that in perspective: Let’s say you can afford $1,800 per month in principal and interest. At a 7% interest rate, you could afford to borrow $270,600. But at a 6% interest rate, you could afford to borrow $300,200 — nearly $30,000 more — for the same amount per month. When interest rates go down, home shoppers’ purchasing power goes up.

For now, economic signals suggest more positive news for buyers in the latter half of 2024. Dan Moralez, regional vice president at Dart Bank in Holland, Michigan, points to a cooling economy and a potential cut to the federal funds rate. “All of that stuff really lends itself to mortgage rates getting better and the cost to borrow getting cheaper, which is really good for those people who have maybe sat on the sidelines hoping to see rates get better,” Moralez says.

More good news: It’s nearly certain the Federal Reserve will cut the federal funds rate by at least 25 basis points at its next meeting Sept. 17-18, according to CME Group’s FedWatch tool. (A basis point is one one-hundredth of one percent.) While the Fed doesn’t set mortgage rates directly, the federal funds rate influences the cost of long-term loans, including mortgages.

Your strategy: If you’re ready to buy, jump in now

A potential Fed rate cut is welcome news, but in the meantime, it’s not a reason to put off your search. Changes take time to trickle down, so avoid the self-induced pressure of timing the market perfectly. Instead, focus on shopping within your budget right now.

Also: When rates go down, competition goes up — another reason there’s no time like the present to start house hunting.

Whichever way rates move in the remainder of 2024, you’ll save money if you shop around. Aim to get an estimate from at least three mortgage lenders. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau estimates borrowers can save $100 per month (or more) this way. And look at the annual percentage rate, or APR, to understand the total cost of the loan, which includes fees and other charges.

One final tip about rates: Do your research before picking a mortgage lender with the flashiest discount. This year, some lenders have been advertising “buy now, refinance later” offers. Others are offering temporary buydowns, where the buyer’s effective monthly payment is reduced for a year (or a few). Each option could potentially save money, but Moralez says it could also be “smoke and mirrors” if the deal is offset by higher fees.

“It’s one of those things where I tell folks, ‘There’s no free lunch, OK?’” he says. “You know, somebody is paying for it somewhere.”

Good news: More inventory, less intense competition

Recently, the supply of homes for sale could be summed up in two words: Slim pickings.

But in June, shoppers got some good news: The number of existing homes for sale reached a four-year high, according to the National Association of Realtors (NAR). Nationwide, there was a 4.1-month supply of homes for sale, meaning it would take just over four months at the current pace for all properties to sell. The U.S. market hasn’t seen that much housing inventory since May 2020, when the supply was 4.5 months.

Demand still outpaces supply, but with more homes to choose from, buyers are less likely to encounter intense bidding wars reminiscent of the pandemic years. Houses for sale are getting fewer offers compared to last year, according to the NAR’s June 2024 Realtors Confidence Index, a survey of its members. In June, a home listed for sale received an average 2.9 offers, compared to 3.5 offers in June 2023.

Another sign of cooling competition: Houses are staying on the market longer. In June, 65% of homes sold in less than a month, compared to 75% at the same time last year. The median time on the market in June was 22 days, a full four days longer than June 2023, when the median time on the market was 18 days.

With pending home sales also on the rise in June, NAR Chief Economist Lawrence Yun says he expects to see even more houses getting listed ahead of typical seasonal declines in winter. "The rise in housing inventory is beginning to lead to more contract signings," Yun said in a news release. "Multiple offers are less intense, and buyers are in a more favorable position."

Your strategy: Cast a wide net

While an improvement from recent years, a 4.1-month supply of homes for sale is still technically a seller’s market. A balanced market has about a six-month supply of homes for sale; a buyer’s market has more than six months’ worth.

You can’t control who puts their house on the market, so in the meantime, focus on the options available now. Let go of the fantasy of finding the perfect home when a “good enough” home can get your foot in the door sooner. That’s especially true for first-time home buyers who are eager to build equity.

“Last year, we certainly didn’t have enough houses — and we still don’t,” says Ellie Kowalchik, a real estate agent who leads the Move2Team with Keller Williams Pinnacle Group in Cincinnati, Ohio. “Don’t wait until the spring to start looking.”

For now, maybe you expand your search to include condos or townhouses. Maybe you settle for fewer bathrooms or a dated interior. Keep your chin up — even if you have to tolerate less square footage or weird linoleum floors for a while, you’ll have equity to remodel or sell in a few years.

Still challenging: Home prices climb to record highs

While some aspects of homebuying have gotten easier as 2024 rolls on, one challenge remains: home prices. The sales price of existing homes has risen for 12 straight months, according to the NAR. In June, the national median sales price hit a record high of $426,900.

As more inventory hits the market, though, the degree of home price growth has slowed somewhat over the summer, according to an August 2024 report from ICE Mortgage Technology. Still, if you compare the cost of buying a house to the median household income, July 2024 was one of the least affordable months to buy a home in more than three decades. Why? Home prices are growing faster than wages, and on top of that, high mortgage rates increase the cost of borrowing.

Until supply catches up to demand, prices are unlikely to fall. Realtor.com estimates prices will fall less than 2% by the end of 2024. No one can predict exactly what the market will do, but if you’re an optimist, there’s reason to be hopeful that prices are reaching a plateau.

“Even as the median home price reached a new record high, further large accelerations are unlikely,” Yun said in a press release. “Supply and demand dynamics are nearing a balanced market condition.”

That’s another reason to jump in now: A big drop in prices could trigger more competition.

Your strategy: Make a budget and stick to it

If you’re Zillow-stalking houses you can’t afford, stop. Instead, channel that energy toward your plan to shop for a house in real life — starting with setting a realistic budget.

First, talk to a financial advisor or use an online calculator to see how much house you can afford . Understand how mortgage lenders will determine your eligibility, including analyzing your credit score, cash savings and monthly debt payments.

Next, find a buyer’s agent who knows how far your budget can go in your local market. An experienced agent can advocate for you and help you snag a good deal.

Wild card: Changes to real estate commissions

One of the year’s biggest shakeups has been a major legal settlement with the NAR, which changes the way your buyer’s agent gets paid. While the NAR admitted to no wrongdoing, it will pay $418 million to settle more than a dozen antitrust lawsuits accusing the organization of enforcing rules that inflated real estate commissions. These changes take effect Aug. 17.

Previously, home sellers generally set the agents’ commission — typically 5% to 6% of the home sale price that was then split between the buyer’s and seller’s agent. Now, a new system is in place: You'll have to sign a contract with your buyer’s agent, which spells out the terms of how they get paid.

For now, many real estate brokerages will likely stick with the familiar commission structure of a percentage of the sales price. But the settlement opens the door for new ways for agents to get paid, such as a flat fee or an hourly rate. Time will tell what becomes the new standard.

Your strategy: Brush up on your negotiating skills

When hiring a buyer’s agent , be polite but firm when negotiating. If the commission is more than you want to spend, ask if the agent would be willing to lower it. Point out any fees you don’t understand. And if you still aren’t comfortable with the terms, it’s OK to shop around or walk away.

While the new rules are more complex, they also give you, the buyer, more leverage in negotiating for your best interests. Buying a home is a big journey, and when you sign that contract with a buyer's agent, you should feel supported and empowered about the business relationship that lies ahead.

The bottom line: Set realistic expectations

Things are looking better compared to the beginning of this year, but if you haven’t found a house yet, it’s fair to feel bummed out about high costs and complexity.

The solution: Think long-term. Holding out for lower rates or “perfect” buying conditions likely means you’ll face steeper prices and more competition. So if you’re determined to buy, find a place that suits your needs and budget as-is. Expecting perfection often means setting yourself up for disappointment.

“Sometimes I have clients that think they're going to hit a home run the very first house they buy,” Moralez says. “And a lot of times I tell clients, well, sometimes it's OK to be happy just getting on base.”

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U.S. Accuses Software Maker RealPage of Enabling Collusion on Rents

The Justice Department filed an antitrust suit against the real estate software company, accusing it of creating an illegal pricing scheme to charge tenants more.

By Danielle Kaye Lauren Hirsch and David McCabe

The Justice Department filed an antitrust lawsuit on Friday against the real estate software company RealPage , saying its software enabled landlords to collude to raise rents across the United States.

The suit, joined by North Carolina, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Minnesota, Oregon, Tennessee and Washington, accuses RealPage of facilitating a price-fixing conspiracy that boosted rents beyond market forces for millions of people. It’s the first major civil antitrust lawsuit where the role of an algorithm in pricing manipulation is central to the case, Justice Department officials said.

“Americans should not have to pay more in rent because a company has found a new way to scheme with landlords to break the law,” Attorney General Merrick Garland said in a statement.

A RealPage spokeswoman, Jennifer Bowcock, said the company would “vigorously” defend itself against the suit and that its revenue management software was “purposely built to be legally compliant.”

The suit escalates the government’s efforts to regulate what it says is misuse of technology. Officials have sued Google, Amazon, Meta and Apple over what they said were monopolistic behaviors that harm consumers.

RealPage’s software, YieldStar, gathers confidential real estate information and is at the heart of the government’s concerns. Landlords, who pay to use the software, share information about rents and occupancy rates that is otherwise confidential. Based on that data, an algorithm generates suggestions for what landlords should charge renters, and those figures are often higher than they would be in a competitive market, according to allegations in the legal complaint.

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131 Real Estate Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Looking for interesting real estate topics to write about? This field is very exciting and worth exploring!

🔥 Real Estate Topics to Write About in 2024

🏆 best real estate essay examples & topic ideas, 👍 good real estate essay topics, ⭐ simple & easy real estate essay titles, ❓ real estate research questions.

In your real estate essay, you might want to focus on its classification or compare some of its types. Another idea is to discuss the issues of management, economics, or law in the sphere of real estate. Whether you’re planning to write an argumentative essay or reflection paper, our article will help. Here you’ll find real estate research topics and questions that will suit any project. Some real estate essay examples are added to inspire you even more!

• Housing market during the pandemic
• Buyer demand in real estate: the trends for 2022-2024
• Moving into a new house: things to consider
• Why is the real estate market blooming in the pandemic?
• Global housing market
• Residential real estate and its types
• Investing in real estate: what to choose in 2022?
• The history of real estate investment
• Commercial real estate: the new trends
• Real estate markets: the overview
• The Elements of a Contract With Regard to Real Estate The elements of a contract with regard to real estate are analyzed in this essay. Recently, I entered into a contract with the seller of a strategically located house in Nevada.
• Real Estate Development: Business Continuity Plan It is expected that all the Real Estate Development’s sites will implement the proposed plan and take the proposed measures in order to minimize the risks of operational disruptions and ensure a quick recovery in […]
• Real Estate Industry in the UAE: Meraas Holdings Based in the capital, Dubai, the company was founded in 2007 as a way of enhancing the potential and prestige of the city of Dubai.
• Exposition for the Application to Master in Construction and Real Estate Management at HTW Berlin Countries around the world have realized that the best way of managing the competitiveness of the market is to successfully government and private projects completed in time and as per the expectations.
• Buying a Home: Trends and Strategies in the Real Estate Industry The uniqueness of the borrower coupled with rules and principles of the financier presents the need for deliberation in brokering the best deal possible.
• Real Estate and Construction Sector in the UAE and the Effects of the Crises on the UAE and the Gulf Real estate and construction sector in UAE The study covers the actual effects of the crisis to the construction and real estate sector in the region which is among the key sectors in the economy […]
• Real Estate Business Analysis This means that the Crown Company is not new to the transactions and the way of running a business in the real estate sector, but they have to evaluate their options first.
• Wintotal and Appraiser’s Toolbox: Real Estate Appraisal Practices The powerful analytical processor of appraisal software is a multifactor algorithm with a powerful decision-making platform, which defines the accuracy of calculations and relevance of report data.
• The Real Estate and Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia The construction of real estate in Saudi has grown at a very high rate in recent years mainly due to the increasing number of tourists visiting the country and good returns from the oil sector.
• Red Book: Real Estate Valuation In the UK this control is limited to the provisions of the Estate Agents Act of 1979 and the Property Misdescriptions Act of 1991.
• The Impact of the Real Estate in Dubai Economy The essence of this paper, guided by this brief history of Dubai, will be to investigate and evaluate the real estate in Dubai and the way it has contributed to the economy of the emirate […]
• Selling Price Analysis for a Real Estate Company For the analysis, a set of 1000 data containing information about the region where the dwelling was sold, the listing price, and the square footage.
• Real Estate Development/Investment: ADU From the beginning to the end of the development process, engineers buy property, arrange to finance housing agreements and build or construct projects.
• Comparing Two Real Estate Lease Agreements: Similarities and Differences This paper contains all the necessary points of agreement between these two lyceums, such as the obligations of the parties the conditions for concluding and terminating a real estate lease agreement.
• A Real Estate Strategic Plan Analysis The strategic plan of real estate companies is a significant part of the organizational assessment and formulation of priorities. Hence, it does not tackle the issues and opportunities for the growth of human resources in […]
• Southeastern Land Fund Inc. vs. Real Estate World Inc. According to the Court of Appeals, a condition in a real estate sales contract allowing for the payment of earnest money should not be regarded as a provision for liquidated damages.
• The 4122 Wycliff Real Estate Investment In this case, the purchase price is estimated to be $400,000, with a deposit of $55,500, an interest rate of 5%, and a monthly mortgage payment of $1,849.35.
• Risk Management in a Real Estate Developer Company: Evergrande Group Over the years, the company’s success has played an important role in the growth and sustainability of the Chinese economy. The company faces opportunity risks as it ventures to invest in various projects.
• Average Cost of Real Estate in the Pacific Region The objective of this test is to determine if the average sales price for the real estate prices differs from the estimated value of $275.
• The Role of Real Estate: The Case of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia There is much support from the private and public sector to support sustainability. The growth of the real estate sector contributes to the growth of the economy.
• Real Estate Situation in Manhattan and American Crisis According to the encyclopedia Wikipedia, Manhattan is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of the United States and, to varying extents, of the world.
• Summary of the Interview About Real Estate With the Expert in This Area It is not always possible to stick to the plan; thus, the business model should be flexible and highly adaptive. The biggest challenge is to find clients and establish a local brand image at the […]
• Mortgage and Finance in the Real Estate Industry The arguments that have been made in the article pertain to the refinement of rules and procedures provided to the mortgage lenders by the government for licensing, legalizing their operations, and for controlling the spread […]
• Buying Property in Real Estate Investment The fall in the sterling also made foreign investors to have the notion that the assets in the UK are relatively cheaper.
• Current Recession and the Real Estate Industry in the US The performance of the housing industry has fallen after the recession. In the United States, most industries have recovered, but the housing industry is yet to recover from the recession.
• Historical Development of Real Estate in Atlanta, GA Atlanta city is the capital of the state of Georgia as well as the cultural and economic capital of the Atlanta Metropolitan area and is home to 420,003 people as per the 2010 census.
• AvalonBay Communities’ Real Estate Investment Trust The company provides rent apartment, office complex, and buildings for individual, organizations, government agencies, and corporate institutions in the United States.
• An Ambitious Real Estate Investment Plan The project has the potential to succeed and also fails to owe to the issues and the circumstances it is encountering.
• Real Estate Management – Analysis and Valuation The financial bubble followed the economic boom and the bubble busted when the United States financial system failed, this led to the collapse of the mortgage market and a turnaround of the home boom in […]
• Saudi Arabian Real Estate Industry Analysis This has assured the kingdom of again in their competitive outlook at the international front, thus enjoying a better foreign real estate investment attraction over most nations in the world.
• Stephenson Real Estate Recapitalization Therefore, the key aim of the paper is to analyze the opportunity of recapitalization, the necessity to issue debts and shares, as well as analyze the benefits of such recapitalization.
• Real Estate Development Firms and Their Aspects The goods that enter the warehouse or rather the inbound goods are safeguarded in the warehouse until the outbound process for these goods is initiated. The warehousing process involves controlling the flow of goods in […]
• Commercial Real Estate Finance And since there is a gap in the industry, if we began our efforts to design and implement such a system now, we can have a very powerful tool of competitive advantage in the market […]
• Asset Allocation vs. Entrepreneurial Decisions in Real Estate Investment The determination of the return series in real estate markets cannot be similar to that in stocks or bonds because the earlier involves the need to manage an investment property and has a special form […]
• Decision Theory and Real Estate Investment The models of judgment so involved in the making of the deliberate and usually rational choice may be explained by the decision theory.
• Dar Al Arkan as a Real Estate Leader in Saudi Arabia Come 2007, the company had its shares listed in the country’s stock exchange market and has continued to increase its capital through this platform The recent economic boom experienced in the country has led to […]
• The Real Estate Mortgage Market and Laws in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia has always been one of the highest economically growing country in the world and this factor has been fuelled by the presence of petroleum.
• Ethics in Real Estate Depicting the victory of ethics over immorality, Sam Foster manages to express his idea of the possibility that the real estate business, and the human life on the whole, can be ethical in their essence.
• MSN Real Estate: Company Analysis The real estate market is considered to be one of the most important of the United States economy. At this stage the company has three main target groups, the primary of which is of students […]
• Real Estate Branding: Effects and Functions Real estate branding is an attempt by a firm to step out of the ordinary and differentiate from a huge set of competitors.
• Ethical Dilemmas: Morgan Brown Real Estate Company In the case of the latter ethical dilemma, it would be more effective and honest for this particular company to accept the fact that favouring one client over the other could lead to a tarnished […]
• Real Estate Management: Real Estate Purchase Decisions The study went further to recommend a property by the name of high-rise found on the outskirts of the city of California based on the fact that it was insured by AIG group, American largest […]
• Real Estate as an Investment The first one is from the e-zine of About.com and is titled “Is Real Estate a Good Investment” and the second article is from The New York Times publications titled “Bucking the Tide, Real Estate […]
• Real Estate Housing Bubble The rise in prices was mainly due to a robust growth in demand for housing along with scarce supple because of a shortage in availability of land, mostly in the urban areas, and possibly, fragile […]
• Real Estate Industry: Current Trends A well functioning, affordable housing system is a vital element in a nation’s infrastructure at least as important as a road and provides to the efficiency of the economy.
• Real Estate Business in Berlin. Personal Internship After the fall of the Berlin Wall in the real estate market of Germany it is possible to observe a surprising situation: prices in the east, formerly socialist territories, did not grow for a long […]
• Endangered Species Act’s Effects on Real Estate S; the ability to obtain permits, entitlement, and approvals necessary for the development of real projects, and unexpected delays in the timing thereof; and implementation of laws as Endangered Species Act.
• Real Estate Contract Documents A contract is an agreement that is intended to be enforceable in a court of law; as such, it must be drafted carefully to ensure that issues that might arise are easily clarified through the […]
• Real Estate Research and Survey Results This will enable researchers to develop the relation between the category of homes and the level of income. The level of measurement of this question will be ordinal.
• Real Estate Research Variables and Hypotheses It is possible to define this variable in the following way: price is the amount of money to be paid to become an owner of the house and to start living in it.
• East Asian Economy Analysis: Thailand’s Real Estate Bubble Economists believe that the rise and fall in the prices of assets have a strong impact on the real economies of most countries. The change in prices reflects the nature of economic activities taking place […]
• Housing as a Social Asset in the Real Estate Market The financial situation in a household directly reflects the well-being and social interaction of individuals. Housing physically provides a space for social interaction and the building of social support mechanisms in a community.
• Real Estate Investment Decisions Real estate is a complex investment that requires an investor to have a good comprehension of the most significant aspects that often influence one’s ability to make decisions that are well informed and intelligent enough.
• California Real Estate Discrimination These acts include the real estate license law, the Fair Employment and Housing Act, the Housing Financial Discrimination Act, and the Unruh Civil Rights Act among the federal laws.Mr.
• Immigrants’ Effects on Texas Real Estate However, despite the restriction, immigrants are likely to come to Texas and other states in America. Highly professional newcomers contribute to the development of the economy and stimulate the real estate market to expand.
• Real Estate & Stock Investment and Risk Management As more and more people access mortgage and own houses, the investment in real estate has had a fair share of challenges making it not as safe as it is popularly believed.
• Real Estate Industry’s Macroenvironmental Analysis In analyzing the external environment of the Real Estate Industry, this report utilized two business assessment tools known as the PESTEL business model and the Five Force business model. In the real estate business, competition […]
• Real Estate Investment and Financial Stock Consequently, it is critical to discuss the role of Real Estate Investment Trusts in the economic stability and their separation from the financial market at the end of this week with the help of the […]
• Real Estate Market in India The primary aim of the paper is to analyze the real estate industry in India through the example of the Urban Plus Company using Porter’s Five Forces and the PESTEL framework.
• American Real Estate Bubble and Its Causes Every month, the homeowner that took out the loan from the bank needs to pay back a portion of the interest on the loan as well as the added interest.
• Real Estate Industry in the United Arab Emirates One of the most significant aspects that should be highlighted is that the regulatory environment has improved, and it has helped to draw the attention of foreign investors.
• Text Marketing Impact to Real Estate Market in China Another factor that has contributed to the growth of the real estate in China is the growth of the country’s economy.
• House Prices in the Real Estate Market Increase income leads to high demand for houses; hence, leading to increase in house prices. For instance, house prices plummeted considerably between 1990 and 1992 in the UK because high interest rates made mortgages expensive.
• UAE Construction and Real Estate Sector This paper is aimed at examining the role of the construction and real estate sector in developing the economy and infrastructure of the United Arab Emirates.
• E-business in the Real Estate In an effort to improve service delivery to its customers, the Real Estate industry has fully relied on ICT to meet the needs of the customers.
• Real Estate Law “Options Contract” Call option refers to a situation where the purchaser is granted a right to purchase land from the optionor, while put option is where the property owner has the right, but not a duty to […]
• Real Estate: Product Purchases and the Economy In the context of the substantial price growth, inflation increases the social differentiation of the population and creates a gap between the groups of income recipients.
• Australian Consumer Law on Real Estate Considering the piece of land that is on sale, the assessor will be lying about the characteristics, nature, and the suitability of the piece of land.
• Chinese Real Estate Bubble’ Reasons and Effects The Chinese blame the government and the cultural traditions for instilling the mindset during the real estate bubble in the country.
• Rent Control Effect on the Real Estate Industry The concept of rent regulation was developed in response to an argument by economic experts that the supply function in the housing market was inflexible.
• Real Estate Sector in Dubai The major private developers in Dubai include the Dubai Properties Group, DAMAC Properties, Emaar Properties, and Nakheel Properties. Despite the global economy experiencing a slump the real estate market in Dubai is still attractive to […]
• Epistemological Nature of the Knowledge and Skills Needed for Real Estate Management Real estate managers apply the concept of ideology to deal directly with tenants who belong to a certain social class and before entering into managerial contracts, real estate managers are required to understand the social […]
• New Ways of Marketing Real Estate The changing face of marketing, as a concept both in the real estate industry and beyond, can be attributed to the dynamic nature of the social and economic conditions of people as well as their […]
• Real estate bubble in China Through the government’s intrusion to direct the prices of residential houses, the housing sector has shown signs of decelerating trend in the prices of properties.
• The Impact of Bad Planning on Customer Perception in the Dubai Real Estate Industry Research aim The aim of this research is to examine how bad planning affects the outcome of the real estate projects in Dubai, in terms of customer perception on level of satisfaction and property resale […]
• Comparative studies of real estate industry: Hong Kong and Singapore Given the size of the population, the GDP, and the size of the land, one is justified to argue that land and buildings are the most significant sources of the state’s wealth and economy.
• Planning, Execution and Control Capabilities in a Real-World Project – The Real Estate Projects in Dubai As one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates, Dubai has cut a niche to be one of the most desirable destinations in the real estate.
• Escalation of real estate prices Increase in price of the existing homes also leads to the rise in the real estate prices. Increase in value of properties in certain areas is another factor that has significantly contributed to the increase […]
• Real Estate Investment Trusts: KIMCO The backbone of KIMCO operations is in the US where the company operates the largest database of shopping stores in 44 states.
• Investing in Real Estate in Germany: Financial and Labour Forces to Consider The financial forces are critically important since they directly influence the viability, profitability and performance of the investment. Germany has also made it easier for international investors to conduct business in the country by incorporating […]
• Real Estate Marketing and Advertising The advertising involves all parties that are interested into the sector of real estate marketing because sellers need to sell whereas buyers need to buy and a link is the advertising as it provides sellers […]
• Chinese Real Estate Market In this particular case, it can clearly be seen that there is an overarching system in the form of the state capitalist based economic model of China that has influenced its government to such an […]
• Real Estate and Social Media The purpose of this essay is to discuss the history of real estate and social media, the position of social media over the last years, importance of technology to improve business, the best ways to […]
• How the American Dream and Subprime Loans Contributed to the Real Estate Crisis?
• How Accurate Are Commercial Real Estate Appraisals?
• Are Green Factors Able to Drive the Real Estate Value Up?
• Are the Global Real Estate Markets Contagious?
• Which Factors Attract FDI in Real Estate?
• Where Real Estate Investing and Speculation Collide?
• Did 1933 New Deal Legislation Contribute to Farm Real Estate?
• What Does the Stock Market Tell Us About Real Estate Returns?
• How Has Crowdfunding Changed Real Estate Investing?
• Does More Excellent Energy Performance Have an Impact on Real Estate Revenues?
• Can Real Estate Brokers Affect Home Prices Under Extreme Market Conditions?
• Does Corporate Real Estate Value Matter for Stock Returns?
• How Can Computer Software Help the Real Estate Appraiser?
• Can Investors Hold More Real Estate?
• Can Real Estate Investors Avoid Specific Risk?
• How SEO and Blogs Can Help Boost Real Estate Sales?
• What Are Factors That Influence Code of Ethics in Real Estate?
• Does Real Estate Ownership Matter in Corporate Governance?
• Does All Firms’ Productive Investment Benefit From Real Estate Price Increases?
• What Factors Determine International Real Estate Security Returns?
• How Are Student Loans Hurting the Real Estate Market?
• What Are the Roles and Responsibilities of a Professional Real Estate Manager?
• How the Commercial Real Estate Boom Undid the Banks?
• How Does Appraisal Smoothing Bias Real Estate Returns Measurement?
• How Directory Listing Boosts Real Estate Sales?
• Are Green Labels More Valuable in Emerging Real Estate Markets?
• Are Real Estate and Securities Markets Integrated?
• Does Real Estate Transparency Matter for Foreign Real Estate Investments?
• Are Real Estate Banks More Affected by Real Estate Market Dynamics?
• How Amazon and Same-Day Delivery Will Effect Retail Commercial Real Estate?
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Real Estate Dissertation Topics

Published by Ellie Cross at December 29th, 2022 , Revised On May 21, 2024

A real estate transaction involves land, buildings, properties, air rights, and subsurface rights. Academics have recognised real estate as one of the critical economic drivers. Those studying business-related courses at university will encounter this topic quite often.

It can be challenging to develop an intriguing topic for your real estate dissertation or thesis paper that will impress your professor. The difficulty of researching in this constantly evolving field is fundamental to what areas you should conduct research. 

Choose a topic that fits your preferences and get started with your dissertation right away. 

Below is a list of the best custom real estate dissertation topics and ideas compiled by our top academic writers in the UK. Students can find these dissertation topics online to avoid experiencing delays in their dissertation writing .

List of Real Estate Dissertation Topic Ideas

• Analyse the various economic characteristics of a real estate asset
• Why has the volume of new residential construction projects in 2022 decreased?
• Why is house flipping getting more popular in the real estate sector?
• The contribution of buyers’ agents to efficient property management
• The meaning of the Black Lives Matter demonstrations about real estate
• A comprehensive analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of buying a property in an auction
• A critical study for comprehending the influence that stock markets and institutional investors have on the growth of the real estate industry
• Evaluating how political dominance affects the UK real estate market
• The importance of management plans for efficient estate administration in the UK
• A detailed comparison of residential and commercial real estate
• How has Real Estate Management been affected by COVID-19. A case study that demonstrates how procedures have changed
• In connection to commercial estate management, highlighting the growth and fall of the real estate sector
• Examining the viability of Real Estate Investment Trusts and how they operate
• A thorough examination of how the environment affects real estate management in the UK
• A review of the importance and effects of talent management in the UK real estate industry
• Investigating the effects of real estate education programs in the UK
• An assessment of real estate management in politically unstable economies
• Investigating the relationship between British real estate management practices and banking profits.
• Examine the real estate management tactics used in the UK’s business world.
• Examine the principles that have helped public real estate management and development in the UK and the USA
• Examining the risks to real estate agencies in the UK related to outsourcing various corporate real estate management tasks
• How is the erratic banking system negatively impacting the real estate market?
• How business investors may help you purchase the home of your dreams
• Issues with loans in the real estate sector
• How can one grow a reliable clientele in the real estate industry?
• The effects of mortgage loans on a family’s ability to grow and maintain stability
• Describe how insurance providers fit into the real estate sector
• Various opportunities and risks for prospective real estate financiers in Britain
• Methods for addressing income risks while determining the value of a property
• Investigating the connections between government institutions and real estate financiers
• Managing border disputes between different property owners
• Recession’s impact on the real estate sector
• Metropolitan real estate’s cyclical nature: A historical investigation of shifting real estate values
• Native Peoples and Real Estate Evaluation: Assessment, Market Research, and Public Policy
• Recent developments in the real estate and retail sectors
• Global Real Estate Education: Past, Present, and Future
• Learning about demographic patterns and how they affect the real estate market
• A thorough analysis of the factors affecting property taxes and expenditures
• Adhering to the complex regulations governing the real estate market
• Real estate public expansion investment and urban improvement politics
• Protocols and construction processes for holiday houses
• A detailed examination of Business Property Estate Lending
• Laws and customs govern rent payment procedures
• A discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of buying property at auction
• An inquiry into the relationship between the inheritance tax and its effects on the real estate market
• An analysis of the housing market’s collapse
• Examining real estate management trends and methods in the UK via the lens of technological improvements
• Risks associated with the use of potentially harmful building materials
• Building construction considerations for safety and health
• Credit value in the erratic housing market
• Effects of borrowing money to buy a new house
• The impact of asset financing on modern society
• Property transaction taxes and the housing market are related
• Planning for the construction of underground housing in the UK
• An investigation into how real estate buyers behave
• Examining the UK’s new-age buyers’ homeownership tendencies
• The UK’s prevailing inherited real estate legislation
• Dangers related to the utilisation of potentially hazardous construction supplies
• Safety and health issues in building construction
• Effects of borrowing money to purchase a new home on credit worth in the unpredictable housing market
• Asset financing’s effects on contemporary society
• The housing market and property transaction taxes are connected
• Planning is being done in the UK to build subterranean dwellings
• Examine real estate purchasers’ actions by looking at the homeownership habits of the UK’s new-age buyers
• The current real estate laws that the UK has handed down
• PropTech in Transforming the British Real Estate Market
• the Impact of Build-to-Rent on Housing Affordability in the UK
• The potential of Co-Living Spaces for Young Professionals in Major British Cities
• The Impact of Brexit on Foreign Investment in British Commercial Real Estate
• Regenerating Brownfield Sites for Sustainable Urban Development in British Cities
• The Role of Real Estate Agents in Digital Disruption and Online Platforms
• The Role of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in Portfolio Diversification Strategies
• The Role of Community Land Trusts in Promoting Affordable Housing and Community Development
• The Use of Virtual Reality (VR) in Real Estate Marketing and Sales Strategies
• The Legal and Regulatory Challenges of Regulating the Sharing Economy in the Housing Market
• The Ethical Considerations of Using Facial Recognition Technology in Property Management
• The Future of Work and the Impact on Design and Demand for Office Space

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155 Brilliant Real Estate Dissertation Topics You Should Use Today

Real estate is the land, property, buildings, underground rights below, and air rights above the ground. Being a critical driver of the economy, real estate has earned a spot in academia. College and university students pursuing business-related courses will encounter this field in the cause of their study.

However, it is not that easy to impress your professor, especially with brilliant real estate topics. The challenge of having to research in this ever-dynamic industry is fundamental to most students. With that in mind, we have compiled over 150 real estate research topics from our guru British writers for your inspiration.

Top-Notch Real Estate Dissertation Topics in UK

• The role of real estate in reviving the U.S. economy during the recession period
• How the construction of new buildings is a crucial pillar of gross domestic product
• The contribution of real estate to a nation’s economic output
• Discuss the growing condominiums, townhouses, and single-family homes in the U.S.
• What is the function of the National Association of Home Builders?
• How the sale of homes is becoming a leading economic indicator
• Our real estate agents watering down the effectiveness of the industry?
• How sellers’ agents help find buyers using digital technologies
• The impact of buyers’ agents to effective real estate management
• What are the limitations of the legalities involved in the real estate industry?
• Why professionalism is vital in the practice of real estate
• Are homebuilders becoming overenthusiastic about future sales?
• The role of individual homeowners in advancing real estate
• Discuss a case study of the current real estate market statistics in the U.S.
• Is it advisable to get a mortgage when thinking of investing in real estate?

Real Estate Research Paper Topics For Higher Grades

• Factors that contribute to the rise in the value of a particular land
• How are interest rates and taxes demoralizing many from investing in the industry?
• Is real estate a profitable venture?
• Why it is advisable to buy a home over living in rentals
• Analyze some of the technicalities involved in purchasing the stocks of homebuilders
• The impact of the varying stock prices on the housing market
• Evaluate the various developments in residential real estate ownership
• What future lies in store for the real estate market?
• Discuss the rise in the number of privately-owned housing units in the U.K.
• The implication of a shortage in concrete, lumber, and construction workers

Hot Real Estate Topics

• Discuss the mutual relationship existing between building costs and sales prices
• Discuss the critical role of local housing regulators in real estate
• Compare and contrast the sale of multifamily units versus single-family units
• Key economic indicators for real estate investments
• The part of consumer confidence index to real estate agents and companies
• Why homebuyers are shrugging off the rising mortgage rates
• Discuss the drop in home sales amid low supply during COVID-19
• Evaluate the effectiveness of buying an existing home vis-à-vis building your own
• The impact of bad weather and high costs on new home sales
• Factors to consider when choosing the best residential construction company

Current Real Estate Topics

• The future of real estate with the emerging building technologies and trends
• Why land is a critical component of real-estate
• Characteristics of personal property that differentiate it from real-estate
• Discuss the distinct economic characteristics of a real estate investment
• Why most urban centers are booming with commercial real estate
• The impact of coronavirus on the prices of homes and rentals
• Discuss the effects of global warming on the construction of homes
• Why has the number of new residential construction projects shrunk in 2022
• Why most people are shifting to the house-flipping mode of real estate investment
• The implication of the Black Lives Matter protests on real estate

Commercial Real Estate Blog Topics

• How employment rates are affecting real estate prices
• Why active management and expertise are necessary for any real estate project
• Is it advisable to invest in real estate through Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)?
• The role of mortgage-backed securities in triggering a global financial crisis in 2007-08
• Why mortgage lending discrimination is still persistent in most countries
• Trading strategies that will make you survive in the real estate industry
• Evaluate the pooled private and public investments in the property markets
• Profit-generating activities that one can try on land in 2022
• A technical analysis of real estate investors using age as a variable
• Why investing in luxury real estate may back-fire on you

The Best Real Estate Thesis Topics

• Real estate as a pillar of the national economy in the United States
• Long-term economic challenges likely to affect the real estate market
• Analyze the evolution of the real estate industry over the past 50 years
• Discuss the latest home buying and selling models in 2022
• How to tame scammers encroaching in the real estate industry
• Discuss economic forecasting as a critical aspect of the cynical nature of the real estate
• How to determine the highest and best use of the commercial real estate
• Tax shelter strategies that one can take when investing in real estate
• Discuss the growing liabilities in real estate transactions
• Review how different corporates hold real estate as an investment

Real Estate Management Dissertation Topics

• Discuss how real estate management transpired from the Indians to other early settlers
• Why a title deed is a critical component of any real estate transaction
• How to manage real estate profits and incentives during the booming season
• How to remain afloat in the real estate industry during a fluctuating economy
• How the 2007 economic recession changed real estate management practices
• Discuss the impact of real estate investments on credit unions
• Analyze various problems associated with real estate management in the United Kingdom
• How to manage corporate loans and funding for real estate projects
• Practical real estate prospects that work for first-time investors
• The role of Business schools in enhance effective real estate management

Real Estate Law Topics

• Federal laws that guide the process of purchasing a bank-owned property
• Discuss the effectiveness of legal debt and deficiency actions
• Legal requirements in the foreclosure of mortgage for real estate investments
• Environmental contamination regulations that impede real estate projects
• Discuss building and safety code compliance regulations in the U.K.
• How government regulation of lead paint affects the practice of real estate
• The effectiveness of licenses, permits, and variances in real estate
• How are impunities real estate laws on urban renewal projects?
• Real estate laws that guide the construction of Underground storage tanks (USTs)
• How property transfers by wills are becoming a source of conflict in societies

Custom Real Estate Topics To Write About

• How to protect value in real estate while managing the various investment risks
• Our real estate policy frameworks sustainable in the 21 st century?
• Why equity markets and institutional investors are critical in real estate development
• The impact of debt financing on real estate investors
• How to manage risks and opportunities that arise in real estate
• Discuss the Geography of real estate and finance
• The impact of commercial advertising on the sale of residential homes
• Discuss the critical pillars of real estate financing models
• Discuss the growing use of corporate loans in real estate financing
• The role of real estate in alleviating the problem of unemployment

Impressive Topics In Real Estate

• How the fluctuating financial system is affecting the real estate market
• The effects of property finance on the modern society
• Discuss how the growth of smart cities is affecting the real estate industry
• How business investors can help you own a home
• Problems associated with lending in the real estate market
• How to develop a solid customer base in real estate marketing
• The implication of home loans to the growth and stability of a family
• Discuss the role of insurance companies in the real estate industry
• Various possibilities and pitfalls for aspiring real estate investors in Britain
• How to control earning threats while assessing the worth of a property

Real Estate Topics For Discussion

• The banking sector as the financial backbone of the real estate industry
• Why the inability to repay loans is killing the real estate sector
• How commercial banks can extend loan facilities to support real estate purchases
• The development of real estate during the economic boom of the ’90s
• The place of a solid real estate sector in a strong economy
• The impact of government budgeting on real estate investments
• Compare and contrast real estate investments in the USA and China
• The critical role of real estate in improving the quality of life
• The impact of fixed asset investments in real estate
• Essential issues of real estate finance

Real Estate Presentation Topics

• Discuss the relationship between residential and non-residential investments
• Analyze the relationship between real estate investors and government agencies
• Complying with complex real estate laws
• Rural land issues in real estate
• Commercial and industrial development
• Residential neighborhood development
• Dealing with boundary disputes
• Dangerous materials in building
• Homeowners and hazard insurance
• Mortgages and home improvement loans

Latest Real Estate Finance Thesis Topics

• Dealing with rent relief requests from commercial tenants
• Coronavirus and real estate foreclosure sales
• Are unlimited free credits a trap for businesses?
• Sources of real estate finances
• Financial models in real estate
• Monetary funds and real estate
• Value of finance in real estate
• Fiscal recession and real estate
• Business Property Estate Lending
• Real estate Purchasing

Real Estate Investment Dissertation Topics

• Expenditure basics
• Commercial landlord duties
• Cooperatives and timeshares
• Building and safety code compliance
• Steps in land acquisition
• Commercial property renovation
• Property valuation
• Fair compensation
• Historic preservation
• Contamination clean up

Real Estate Master Thesis Topics

• Liability issues
• Safety and public health regulations
• Eviction issues
• Rent payment
• Lease termination
• Damage deposits
• Renters insurance
• Property inheritance
• Home improvement loans
• Vacation homes

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65 Great Topics for a Real Estate Blog Post

December 15, 2022 by Winning Agent Staff 10 Comments

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Have you ever opened your WordPress site and then proceeded to stare at that blank white box, struggling with what to write?  Many real estate agents, even those with years of blogging experience, find themselves stuck when it comes to real estate blog topics.  You’re not alone.  If you find yourself unable to come up with a topic for your next blog, perhaps one of the ideas below will spark your imagination.  You can use them as they are, or you can adjust them to fit your style and your personality.

Click here to learn how a real estate website theme can make your site stand out and boost your business. 

Why Your Business Needs a Blog

Many real estate professionals believe they don’t have the time to write high-quality blog posts. However, if you want your website to rank on search engines – and want to connect with new clients – you can’t afford  not to blog . Technology plays a huge part in our daily lives. More than 90% of all real estate buyers now begin their search online. Your website is the virtual storefront for your business. Moreover, your blog helps site visitors get to know you: your personality, expertise, and style.

With so much on your plate, it can be difficult deciding what to write on your real estate website. That’s why we created this list to help you get those words flowing.

Before you get too far down the writing road, consider conducting some basic SEO keyword research . SEO determines where your page ranks on the search engine results page. Knowing which keywords to include can help your business rank higher in search engine results. The better your SEO, the more eyes you’ll have on your site – and the more potential clients you will reach.

• Tips for selling your home in a specific neighborhood, area, state, etc.
• Home selling secrets (such as worthwhile upgrades, inexpensive fixes, and staging advice)
• How to stage a home for a viewing or open house
•  “Listicles” of home buying tips (Example: 10 Home Buying Tips You Need to Know!)
• Little-known things to look for when buying a home
• A guide for first-time homebuyers (the home buying process, loan options, what to look for in a home, etc.)
• Things first-time homebuyers or home sellers wish they’d been told
• Specific considerations when choosing a neighborhood (schools, safety, etc.)
• How home buying/selling has changed over time (year to year, over five years, 10 years, etc.)
• How to save money when buying a home
• Rankings of the best cities and states for homeownership
• A feature of school districts in your local area, with pros/cons for parents and students
• How to look up crime stats and why they matter when considering a home
• A monthly real estate report for your city, state, or region
• The real estate market: where it stands today (remember to update this or write a new blog periodically as the market changes)
• Reasons why now is the time to buy/sell
• Changes in mortgage rates and how they affect you
• Determining your best listing price
• When to lower your listing price
• How to move a stagnating property
• Average home prices: listing prices, sale prices, and appraisals in your area
• Top 10 mortgage mistakes to avoid
• Is your Realtor really helping you?
• How to avoid getting turned down for a mortgage
• Finding the best mortgage interest rates
• Top buyer misconceptions
• Top seller myths
• The most expensive homes in your city/state
• Finding homes for sale using technology  (discuss apps and online listings)
• Creating a “must-have” list for home buying
• What type of potential buyers is your property attracting?
• Why getting pre-qualified for a mortgage is necessary
• Highlight upcoming events in your neighborhood/city
• Trends in the housing market
• How luxury properties have changed in the past 20 years (and how they might change in the future)
• All you need to know about property taxes
• A list of your newest properties ( click here to learn how you can integrate listings on your website)
• Write about a major change in your city – a large new employer moving in, a new school opening, a disaster that has caused damage, etc. Anything that might affect real estate.
• The pros and cons of a homeowners association
• Should you live in a historic district? (Mention specific considerations when living in a historic home).
• Is there a best time to buy a home?
• “Why isn’t my house selling?” and other questions you may have
• Is buying a foreclosed property a good idea?
• Tips for getting financing

• The downsides of trying to sell your home yourself
• Unexpected expenses when buying a first home
• What is escrow?
• What happens when your home is professionally assessed?
• What can/should you ask the seller to fix?
• Dealing with closing costs
• What happens at closing ?
• The hot new home features of the year
• Why I became a Realtor (let your clients get to know you better)
• Write a post welcoming new people to your office, or saying goodbye to those leaving
• Post about any awards or noteworthy recognition your agency receives
• The best rooms to renovate
• Landscaping tips for sellers
• Simple mistakes that repel buyers
• Weekly/monthly list of open houses coming up, homes that have sold, etc.
• Where is the housing market going? Predictions for next quarter, next year, and beyond.
• Is a reverse mortgage a good idea?
• What new technology is impacting the real estate industry?
• Relocation resources for your area. Include things like utilities, landscape companies, etc.

These are just a few different ideas you can use as a jumping-off point for your real estate blog.  Once you’ve written a few posts, you’ll probably find that picking topics comes more easily to you.  If you ever get stuck, just come back to this list for inspiration.

More Great Reading

January 10, 2017 at 4:52 am

I am trying to start real estate blog your topics will help me to start thank you.

August 20, 2018 at 12:18 am

It is amazing and wonderful to visit your amazing site. This is definitely a big help.

September 30, 2019 at 5:34 am

Thank you so much for sharing the valuable post.

September 30, 2019 at 11:21 am

Thanks Mahima! So glad you enjoyed it 🙂

February 7, 2020 at 12:28 am

Wonderful post! These are the great topics for real estate blog post. Thanks for sharing.

January 19, 2021 at 8:00 pm

I’ve been looking for topic ideas on my real estate blogs and I’m happy to finally found a very helpful post. These topics are really helpful for my real estate blog posts.

Thanks for sharing such information!

January 26, 2021 at 3:12 pm

You are most welcome, Lisa!

December 23, 2021 at 12:50 am

October 31, 2023 at 1:39 am

This is great,it will strongly help me in coming up with a great blog..

February 22, 2024 at 12:44 am

thanks for this amazing website

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Loan Types & Property Definitions

There are a lot of different types of mortgages, and there are a lot of different types of real estate property. Here is a list of the most common types of each. We’ve added some links to the most popular articles on the subject.

Real Estate and Mortgage Forum

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Glossary of Real Estate Terms

Real estate and mortgage finance often times comes with its own unique language. If you work with it every day, it becomes 2nd nature, but most people don’t work with it every day. So we’ve created a glossary of mortgage and real estate terms.

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117 Real Estate Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Real estate is a vast and diverse industry that encompasses everything from buying and selling properties to property management and development. There are many fascinating topics within the field of real estate that can be explored through essays. If you are a student or professional in the real estate industry looking for essay topic ideas, you have come to the right place. In this article, we have compiled a list of 117 real estate essay topic ideas and examples to inspire your writing.

• The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the real estate market
• The role of technology in the future of real estate
• The importance of sustainable development in real estate
• The pros and cons of investing in commercial real estate
• The impact of gentrification on urban neighborhoods
• The benefits of using a real estate agent when buying or selling a home
• The challenges of property management in a competitive market
• The rise of co-living spaces in major cities
• The impact of Airbnb on the traditional hotel industry
• The role of real estate in economic development
• The benefits of investing in real estate as a long-term strategy
• The impact of zoning laws on property values
• The benefits of investing in real estate crowdfunding platforms
• The challenges of affordable housing in major cities
• The impact of interest rates on the real estate market
• The role of real estate developers in shaping urban landscapes
• The benefits of investing in real estate investment trusts (REITs)
• The challenges of property flipping in a competitive market
• The impact of climate change on real estate values
• The benefits of investing in rental properties
• The challenges of managing a multi-family property
• The impact of foreign investment on the real estate market
• The benefits of investing in vacation rental properties
• The challenges of buying a foreclosed property
• The impact of historic preservation on property values
• The benefits of investing in mixed-use developments
• The challenges of property maintenance in a rental property
• The impact of urban sprawl on property values
• The benefits of investing in student housing properties
• The challenges of investing in a fixer-upper property
• The impact of property taxes on real estate values
• The benefits of investing in real estate as a retirement strategy
• The challenges of investing in a commercial property
• The impact of smart home technology on property values
• The benefits of investing in a vacation home
• The challenges of investing in a rental property out of state
• The impact of historic tax credits on property values
• The benefits of investing in industrial properties
• The challenges of investing in a luxury property
• The impact of transportation infrastructure on property values
• The benefits of investing in a short-term rental property
• The challenges of investing in a property with environmental concerns
• The impact of energy efficiency on property values
• The benefits of investing in a co-working space
• The challenges of investing in a property with zoning issues
• The impact of walkability on property values
• The benefits of investing in a mixed-income housing development
• The challenges of investing in a property with title issues
• The impact of green building certifications on property values
• The benefits of investing in a property with historic charm
• The challenges of investing in a property with structural issues
• The impact of transit-oriented development on property values
• The benefits of investing in a property with waterfront views
• The challenges of investing in a property with a high vacancy rate
• The impact of LEED certification on property values
• The benefits of investing in a property with a strong rental market
• The challenges of investing in a property with high property taxes
• The impact of mixed-use developments on property values
• The benefits of investing in a property with a strong school district
• The challenges of investing in a property with a high crime rate
• The impact of green roofs on property values
• The benefits of investing in a property with a strong job market
• The challenges of investing in a property with poor access to public transportation
• The impact of walkable neighborhoods on property values
• The benefits of investing in a property with a strong sense of community
• The challenges of investing in a property with high HOA fees
• The impact of urban agriculture on property values
• The benefits of investing in a property with a low cost of living
• The challenges of investing in a property with high insurance costs
• The impact of community gardens on property values
• The benefits of investing in a property with a low crime rate
• The challenges of investing in a property with high maintenance costs
• The impact of public art on property values
• The benefits of investing in a property with good schools
• The challenges of investing in a property with strict zoning laws
• The impact of bike lanes on property values
• The benefits of investing in a property with good walkability
• The challenges of investing in a property with strict building codes
• The impact of public parks on property values
• The benefits of investing in a property with access to public transportation
• The impact of mixed-income housing on property values

Whether you are a student looking for a research topic or a professional looking to expand your knowledge, these real estate essay topic ideas and examples can help you explore the many facets of the industry. From the impact of technology on the future of real estate to the challenges of investing in a fixer-upper property, there are endless possibilities for exploration within the field of real estate. So pick a topic that interests you, do some research, and start writing your next real estate essay today!

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