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A Powerful Methodology for Creative Problem Solving

By the Mind Tools Content Team

Projects don't always run smoothly. Even with all the analysis and data you need at your fingertips, sometimes you just can't see a way forward. At times like these, you need to develop creative solutions to the problems you face.

Chances are you already know about brainstorming , which can help with this sort of situation. But brainstorming depends on intuition and the existing knowledge of team members, and its results are often unpredictable and unrepeatable.

TRIZ, however, is a problem-solving philosophy based on logic, data and research, rather than on intuition.

It draws on the past knowledge and ingenuity of thousands of engineers to speed up creative problem solving for project teams. Its approach brings repeatability, predictability and reliability to the problem-solving process and delivers a set of dependable tools.

This article walks you through the essentials of TRIZ.

What is TRIZ?

TRIZ is the Russian acronym for the "Theory of Inventive Problem Solving," an international system of creativity developed in the U.S.S.R. between 1946 and 1985, by engineer and scientist Genrich S. Altshuller and his colleagues.

According to TRIZ, universal principles of creativity form the basis of innovation. TRIZ identifies and codifies these principles, and uses them to make the creative process more predictable.

In other words, whatever problem you're facing, somebody, somewhere, has already solved it (or one very like it). Creative problem solving involves finding that solution and adapting it to your problem.

TRIZ is most useful in roles such as product development, design engineering, and process management. For example, Six Sigma quality improvement processes often make use of TRIZ.

The Key TRIZ Tools

Let's look at two of the central concepts behind TRIZ: generalizing problems and solutions, and eliminating contradictions.

1. Generalizing Problems and Solutions

The primary findings of TRIZ research are as follows:

• Problems and solutions are repeated across industries and sciences. By representing a problem as a "contradiction" (we explore this later in this article), you can predict creative solutions to that problem.
• Patterns of technical evolution tend to repeat themselves across industries and sciences.
• Creative innovations often use scientific effects outside the field where they were developed.

Using TRIZ consists of learning these repeating patterns of problem and solution, understanding the contradictions present in a situation, and developing new methods of using scientific effects.

You then apply the general TRIZ patterns to the specific situation that confronts you, and discover a generalized version of the problem.

Figure 1, below, illustrates this process.

Figure 1 – The TRIZ Problem-Solving Method

Here, you take the specific problem that you face and generalize it to one of the TRIZ general problems. From the TRIZ general problems, you identify the general TRIZ solution you need, and then consider how you can apply it to your specific problem.

The TRIZ databases are actually a collection of "open source" resources compiled by users and aficionados of the system (such as the 40 Principles and 76 Standard Solutions, which we look at, below).

2. Eliminating Contradictions

Another fundamental TRIZ concept is that there are fundamental contradictions at the root of most problems. In many cases, a reliable way to solve a problem is to eliminate these contradictions.

TRIZ recognizes two categories of contradictions:

• The product gets stronger (good), but the weight increases (bad).
• Service is customized to each customer (good), but the service delivery system gets complicated (bad).
• Training is comprehensive (good), but it keeps employees away from their assignments (bad).

The key technical contradictions are summarized in the TRIZ Contradiction Matrix . As with all TRIZ resources, it takes time and study to become familiar with the Contradiction Matrix.

• Software should be complex (to have many features), but simple (to be easy to learn).
• Coffee should be hot (to be enjoyed), but cool (to avoid burning the drinker).
• An umbrella should be large (to keep the rain off), but small (to be maneuverable in a crowd).

You can solve physical contradictions with the TRIZ Separation Principles . These separate your requirements according to basic categories of Space, Time and Scale.

How to Use TRIZ Principles – an Example

Begin to explore TRIZ by applying it to a simple, practical problem.

For example, consider the specific problem of a furniture store in a small building. The store wants to attract customers, so it needs to have its goods on display. But it also needs to have enough storage space to keep a range of products ready for sale.

Using TRIZ, you can establish that the store has a physical contradiction. The furniture needs to be large (to be useful and attractive), but also small (to be stored in as little space as possible). Using TRIZ, the store owners generalize this contradiction into a general problem and apply one of the 40 Principles of Problem Solving – a key TRIZ technique – to it.

They find a viable general solution in Principle 1 – Segmentation. This advocates dividing an object or system into different parts, or making it easy to take apart. This could lead the owners to devise flat-pack versions of their furniture, so that display models can take up the room that they need while inventory occupies much less space per unit. This is the specific solution.

You, too, can use the 40 Principles of Problem Solving, or the 40 Inventive Principles, and the Contradiction Matrix to help you with your problem-solving.

Five Top TRIZ Concepts and Techniques

TRIZ comes with a range of ideas and techniques beyond the basic principles outlined above. Some are conceptual and analytical, such as:

• The Law of Ideality. This states that any system tends to become more reliable throughout its life, through regular improvement.
• Functional Modeling, Analysis and Trimming. TRIZ uses these methods to define problems.
• Locating the Zones of Conflict. (This is known to Six Sigma problem-solvers as " Root Cause Analysis .")

Some are more prescriptive. For example:

• The Laws of Technical Evolution and Technology Forecasting . These categorize technical evolution by demand, function and system.
• The 76 Standard Solutions . These are specific solutions devised to a range of common problems in design and innovation.

You can use one such tool or many to solve a problem, depending on its nature.

TRIZ is a system of creative problem solving, commonly used in engineering and process management. It follows four basic steps:

• Define your specific problem.
• Find the TRIZ generalized problem that matches it.
• Find the generalized solution that solves the generalized problem.
• Adapt the generalized solution to solve your specific problem.

Most problems stem from technical or physical contradictions. Apply one of hundreds of TRIZ principles and laws to eliminate these contradictions, and you can solve the problem.

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Solving Problems and with TRIZ Matrix

Triz, simple.

TRIZ is like a toolbox to help people solve difficult problems. Imagine that you have a complicated puzzle to solve. TRIZ gives you tools to help you find the right pieces and put them together to solve the puzzle. It's like having a friend who helps you solve difficult problems by giving you ideas and tips.

TRIZ Matrix simplified

The TRIZ Matrix is ​​a tool that helps people solve problems by finding solutions. Imagine you have a problem and you don't know how to solve it. The TRIZ matrix is ​​like a table with boxes. In each box, there is an idea to solve a problem. You can look at the boxes and find an idea that helps you solve your problem. It's like having a recipe book for solving problems. You can look at the different recipes and choose the one that best suits you to solve your problem.

Matrix TRIZ40

Your triz tool.

Solving your technological Contradictions with TRIZ. The TRIZ matrix gathers lists of innovative Principles that have already proven their worth. Browsing this Matrix, you can pick solutions to your current technological problems.

Solving a problem

Contradiction to solve.

For TRIZ, systems evolve towards ideality. This progression is made by solving problems. TRIZ Matrix can help solving problems if we translate them in Contradictions ; E.g. if an object must be longer without becoming heavier, this technical challenge can be translated in this Contradictions:

• Feature to improve: '4, length of stationary'.
• Feature to preserve: '2, weight of stationary'.

Entering these values in the tool, one can browse the TRIZ Matrix to discover innovation Principles that can solve the said problem.

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Best 40 TRIZ Principles to Boost Your Design Challenges

For product design engineers. The 40 TRIZ Principles are the solutions to solve the “ TRIZ contradictions ” in product design problem-solving or to highlight other approaches during your product design brainstorming sessions.

Different Assembly

Adapt to users or context, forms follow functions, time is the essence, physical properties, complementary innovation.world principles, full-size triz principles cheat sheet.

This article focuses on the 40 triz principles to be used with or without the TRIZ methodology . Refer to TRIZ methods, tips, and tools at the end of this article.

The 40 TRIZ Principles

As these are translations from Russian -that may vary from book to book-, we have taken the most commonly used terminology, and we have regrouped the triz principles by family.

Note: we added complementary principles and technologies in the following chapter.

Highlighted in green: principles of high interest & frequent usage in Product Design

This family regroups all means of assembling the components or parts differently. Clearly to be applied during the design choices.

This category regroups all means of changing the product or the system relative to its environment. Mostly at the specification phase rather than later at the design board.

One of the motos of this site. Read the corresponding post on Forms Follow Functions (fff): regroups all mean that change the shape or space. Usually, the simplest, most reliable, and most cost-effective solutions.

Family regrouping all TRIZ principles function related to time and new sequence.

Because not visible on the drawing board, solving a technical challenge with a new timed sequence can be overlooked

… but beware of not degrading the user experience with longer or additional steps

TRIZ Principles which are related to either mechanical, physical, or chemical properties of the materials or the environment.

We felt these complementary principles or technologies were missing in the original 40 TRIZ principles list:

• standardize: both within your production tools and your range of products, but also use OEM and of-the-shelf components (this can hardly be the outcome principle of any patent research, the root of the TRIZ methodology)
• solidified gas or liquid: example: pick-and-place using frozen humidity from the air to pick small components. Some commonalities with #35-Material Properties changes
• impact: to get sudden energy peaks only when needed, rather than increasing the average power (ex: mechanical teeth or roller extractor). Some commonalities with #21-Rushing Through
• nonnewtonian fluids : liquid when still, gets hard when getting energy, stroke, or movement. Used already in the forage industry. With some similarity to the end effect, it can also be a metal powder that solidifies when exposed to a magnetic field as in ferrofluids.
• capillarity: to raise the liquid higher or suck or make visible or mix liquids
• osmosis and inverted osmosis: through a porous membrane to separate ultra-fine elements
• additive materials : various 3D printing technologies, from resins and melted plastics to sintered metal powders
• magnets : not only the electromagnetism mentioned in the list; see the design with magnets dedicated article
• springs , either linear or concentric. To dump movements or energy peaks, but also to store energy and give it back at a later time (one of the TRIZ contradiction solutions: “separate in time”)

Resources of interest for TRIZ Principles

There are plenty of videos on the TRIZ principles, but in this one, Karen Gadd explains the concepts, the real aim, and the context, rather than listing the 40 principles. Check

A presentation with original illustrations for each of the 40 principles:

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Solving Complex Problems with TRIZ: Principles and Tools for Success

Updated: November 2, 2023 by Ken Feldman

While most of us are familiar with the concept of problem-solving, it is usually not particularly rigorous. TRIZ is a unique philosophy of problem solving that relies on logic, data, and prior research. 

We will explore the underlying principles and tools to help you understand how to apply TRIZ to your organization’s problems. Although heavily based on engineering principles, you will see it has broad application and many benefits compared to typical problem-solving approaches.

Overview: What is TRIZ? 

TRIZ is the acronym for the Russian phrase Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch. TRIZ was developed by Genrich Altshuller, a Russian scientist and engineer. He and some of his associates developed their theory of inventive problem-solving between the mid 1940s and mid 1980s.

TRIZ’s unique approach to problem-solving is based upon Altshuller’s realization that someone, somewhere, had already come up with a solution (or something close) for the problem you currently face. Creative problem-solving involves finding that solution and adapting it to your problem.

With that insight, Altshuller evolved his theory based on extensive research reviewing hundreds of thousands of inventions across many different fields. The solutions seemed to have a generalized pattern and a similarity of the problems being faced. TRIZ identifies and codifies these patterns into a set of principles to make the creative process more consistent and predictable. Altshuller found that almost every invention or innovation fell into one of 40 categories. 

The two key concepts in TRIZ are developing general solutions for general problems and eliminating contradictions. This graphic provides a simple explanation of the TRIZ problem-solving approach.

Image source:  mindtools.com .

The TRIZ databases mentioned above include the TRIZ 40 Principles and 76 Standard Solutions. The 40 principles are a collection of ideas Altshuller believed were at the heart of all inventions. These would serve as a guide to help you develop the solution to your problem.

• Segmentation
• Local quality
• Universality
• “Nested doll”
• Anti-weight
• Preliminary anti-action
• Preliminary action
• Beforehand cushioning
• Equipotentiality
• The other way around
• Spheroidality
• Partial or excessive actions
• Another dimension
• Mechanical vibration
• Periodic action
• Continuity of useful action
• “Blessing in disguise”
• “Intermediary”
• Self-service
• Cheap short-living
• Mechanics substitution
• Pneumatics and hydraulics
• Flexible shells and thin films
• Porous materials
• Color changes
• Homogeneity
• Discarding and recovering
• Parameter changes
• Phase transitions
• Thermal expansion
• Strong oxidants
• Inert atmosphere
• Composite material films

The 76 Standard Solutions are a set of solutions applicable to most common problems.

The second concept of TRIZ is contradiction . One of the challenges is that solutions often create a conflict or contradiction. 

For example, your company wants to solve the problem of handling incoming customer calls. Your solution of implementing an automatic voice response system will reduce your labor cost. The contradiction is that it may create customer dissatisfaction of having to speak with a machine and delay the answer they want because of having to respond to all the voice prompts. 

The TRIZ Contradiction Matrix will provide possible solutions for resolving that contradiction.

The use of TRIZ can be used to enhance your Six Sigma deployment by providing tools to supplement your DMAIC projects as well as DMADV projects.

2 benefits and 1 drawback of TRIZ 

TRIZ is a sophisticated and structured approach to problem-solving. As such, there are a number of benefits — but also some important drawbacks. 

1. You don’t need to reinvent the wheel 

The underlying premise of TRIZ is that your problem has already been solved by someone, so your task is to discover what the solution was and apply it to your specific problem. 

2. Quicker path to solution 

By using TRIZ, your project team can come to a solution quicker. The TRIZ process is organized and structured so time is not wasted examining endless possible solutions, most of which are not feasible. 

3. Based on engineering solutions 

The 40 principles and 76 standard solutions of TRIZ were developed based on technical and engineering solutions. A drawback to TRIZ is the challenge of applying it to non-manufacturing problems and processes. 

Why is TRIZ important to understand? 

Thanks to the structure of TRIZ, you can narrow in on a solution to your problem in a methodical manner. 

The approach is simple yet elegant

You start with a specific definition of your problem. Then you identify a similar general problem as defined by TRIZ. For that general problem, you identify a TRIZ general solution. Finally, you apply the general solution to your specific solution.

Contradictions are important

At the core of most problems are contradictions resulting from solutions. 

You want your software to contain many functionalities, yet that can conflict with it being user-friendly. You want your Six Sigma training to be comprehensive, yet that will conflict with keeping people away from their jobs. 

The resolution of these conflicts is the key to finding the perfect solution to your problem. The TRIZ Contradiction Matrix is one of the core tools for resolving these conflicts.

TRIZ does not inhibit innovation 

You might be concerned that the use of TRIZ will hinder your innovation and creativity because it relies on a fixed set of principles and solutions. This is not the case, though. Your creativity will be used in adapting the generalized solution to your specific solution and solving any contradictions.

An industry example of TRIZ 

Six Sigma consultants doing client training often complain that the flip-chart easel stands they have to use are heavy and inconvenient to move and transport. One manufacturer of flip-chart easels was determined to solve that problem. 

After reviewing the 40 TRIZ principles, they decided Number 7, Nested Dolls, might be the generalized problem of trying to transport many different size dolls. A Russian nesting doll has one doll inside of another, with another doll inside that one, and so on. The company’s current easel design was fixed with a heavy base.

By applying the Nested Doll solution, the company designed an easel with legs that telescope for use and then fold back up, so one part of the leg is inside the one above it. The construction was of light-grade aluminum. This solved the problem of space and transport. The contradiction is the stability of the lighter easel. A cross bar was designed to help stabilize the lighter stand.

Here is the before and after design:

3 best practices when thinking about TRIZ 

Given the power of this tool, you will want to apply it carefully and judiciously to your problems.

1. Keep it simple 

When explaining and presenting your TRIZ process and solutions, keep it simple so you don’t confuse your audience. 

2. Adapt the 40 principles 

If your organization is not engineering-oriented, you may have to adapt the language of the 40 principles to better fit your specific industry or company.

3. Use TRIZ as a guide rather than as an absolute 

Don’t get hung up on the TRIZ tools as the absolute only way to solve your problem. If you are having difficulty finding a generalized problem or generalized solution, don’t get frustrated and quit. Adapt as needed, and keep the process moving using TRIZ as guidelines, not rules.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about TRIZ

What is triz .

TRIZ is a structured approach to problem-solving based on the concept that every problem has already been solved by someone, somewhere, sometime in the past. By generalizing your problem and adapting generalized solutions, you can quickly come to a solution to your specific problem. 

What are the TRIZ 40 principles? 

The developer of TRIZ, Genrich Altshuller, concluded after reviewing thousands of patents that there was a pattern of problems and solutions inventors followed. He synthesized these into a set of 40 principles to be used as a guide for generalized problem definition and solution that could then be adapted to a specific problem and solution.

What is meant by TRIZ contradictions? 

Every solution to a problem will create an alternative contradiction. If you decide to expand your product SKUs (stock keeping unit) to satisfy a broader market demand, your contradiction will be the added effort and cost of producing and inventorying the added number of products. 

Will TRIZ solve your problem? 

If you have a problem your standard Six Sigma tools can’t solve, TRIZ might be the tool for you. Follow these simple steps:

Image source: Slidemodel.com .

Use the 40 Principles, 76 Standard Solutions, and the Contradiction Matrix to move from your specific problem to specific solution.

About the Author

Ken Feldman

Home Blog Business What is TRIZ and How to Use it in Problem Solving?

What is TRIZ and How to Use it in Problem Solving?

There are a number of problem-solving techniques and methodologies, including brainstorming , root cause analysis , and 5 whys analysis . We covered these methods in a previous post, in which we provided you with 5 Problem Solving Strategies . While the mentioned before can be effective for problem-solving, there is a strategy that goes a step further applying logic, aided by data and research. This strategy is known as TRIZ .

What sets TRIZ apart from other methodologies of its kind is that it provides 40 principles and 76 standards which can enable you to put your problem in a box, and match a solution to resolve it.

History of TRIZ

Genrich Altshuller and his colleagues developed TRIZ. Altshuller was a science fiction author and inventor; he began to work on TRIZ in 1946. For many years TRIZ was not practiced outside the Soviet Union . 

Altshuller worked at the Caspian Sea fleet from the Soviet Navy, more specifically, the Inventions Inspection department. He believed that there were “contradictions”, which occurred when improving a parameter negatively and impacted another. This, according to Altshuller, required inventive solutions. His work was briefly interrupted due to his arrest in 1950. He was sentenced to 25 years due to the letters he wrote to Stalin, top government officials, and newspapers, criticizing some decisions made by the Soviet Government. He resumed his work after he was freed in 1953, after the death of Stalin.

The first paper on TRIZ was published in 1956, and Altshuller expanded his work across the USSR till the 1980s. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the concept caught up in other countries, thanks to Soviet emigrants reaching other countries. In 1995, the Altshuller Institute for TRIZ Studies at Boston was established in the United States.

TRIZ has resulted in the birth of hundreds of thousands of inventions by being the base of extensive research across different fields.

What is the TRIZ Method for Problem Solving?

TRIZ is a Russian acronym for “ teoriya resheniya izobretatelskikh zadatch “, which translates in English as the “ theory of inventive problem solving “.

Altshuller lamented that while sailors had maps, the same cannot be said for inventors. Therefore, he developed a methodology that codifies creativity principles forming the basis of the invention. In other words, TRIZ offers generalized solutions for generalized problems. Consequently, they can be matched to your issue, because the problem you face has likely been faced by someone else previously. Applying the solution used back then, and adapting it to your problem, you can reach a solution.

TRIZ is widely used in design engineering, process management and the development of products. Some of the world’s most renowned companies that have used TRIZ in projects include Ford, General Electric, Samsung, LG, Intel, Kodak, Procter & Gamble, Motorola, HP Rolls-Royce..

In 2003, Samsung had 50 patents owing to TRIZ and saved $100 million the following year due to a TRIZ project.

Explanation of the TRIZ Concept by Genrich Altshuller

The video below shows Genrich Altshuller explaining the concept behind TRIZ to students.

Central Concepts of TRIZ

Let’s explore the two central concepts associated with the theory of inventive problem solving, i.e. generalizing problems and solutions & contradictions.

Generalizing Problems and Solutions

The basic concept behind TRIZ, based on research findings, implies that problems and solutions repeat themselves, they repeat across industries. These problems are contradictions that can be resolved using creative solutions. TRIZ is used for understanding these patterns of contradictions and solutions for developing new methods.

Problem Identification: Contradictions

The basic concept of TRIZ identifies contradictions as the primary issue related to a problem, and eliminating them can lead to a solution. Two categories of contradictions exist in TRIZ:

1. Technical Contradictions

Technical Contradictions occur when improving something leads to something else suffering from a negative effect.

Example 1: Processing power for a computer increases (good), but it uses hardware, making it bulkier (bad). . 

Old computers were bulkier, with fewer features; however, overtime, innovation in hardware resolved this problem with smaller processors, with increased processing speed, incorporated in lightweight computers.

Example 2 : A business customizes service for its customers (good); however, the service is now suffering from delays and a long waiting time for customers (bad). 

Many businesses employ many methods to resolve such contradictions, such as using AI-powered online services, portals, and shopping carts to offer customized service, with an estimated delivery time.

2. Physical Contradictions

Physical Contradictions are inherent. An object or system might have requirements that are contrary, resulting in Physical Contradictions.

Example 1: An operating system should be complex so that it can offer many features to the end user; however, it needs to be easy enough to use without many command lines. 

A primary example of this is the need for command lines in most Linux based operating systems. Many Microsoft based client and server operating systems resolve this contradiction by offering an easy to use Graphical User Interface or GUI. Easy search features also aid this within the OS.

Example 2: A cupboard should be large enough to accommodate many items but not take up too much space. 

There are a number of cupboards which are either detachable or can be folded to free up space. Smart cupboards for instance, provide combined solutions for storing more items in less space.

Inventive Principles and Standard Solutions

There are 40 Inventive Principles and 76 Standard Solutions of TRIZ which can be used for resolving problems.

The 40 Inventive Principles of TRIZ

The database of TRIZ has a collection of user compiled resources. This open source database consists of 40 principles. These principles provide the basis for resolving problems. These principles include the following:

Segmentation, extraction, local quality, asymmetry, combination, universality, nesting, counterweight, prior counteraction, prior action, cushion in advance, equipotentiality, inversion, spheroidality, dynamicity, partial, overdone or excessive action, moving to a new dimension, mechanical vibration, periodic action, continuity of useful action, rushing through, convert harm into benefit, feedback, mediator, self-service, copying, inexpensive short life, replacement of a mechanical system, use pneumatic or hydraulic systems, flexible film or thin membranes, use of porous materials, changing the colour, homogeneity, rejecting and regenerating parts, transforming physical or chemical states, phase transition, thermal expansion, use strong oxidisers, inert environment and composite materials.

Example: The first principle in the list, called “segmentation”, proposes breaking down objects into independent parts. This might include manufacturing an object so that it becomes easier to disassemble or use segmentation to resolve a technical issue. This might be done by using a trailer and truck instead of one large truck or by designing cubicles for an open plan office to enable easy reshuffling of the office layout according to need.

For more details, see these 40 TRIZ Principles with detailed explanations.

76 Standard Solutions of TRIZ

There are 76 Standard Solutions which were compiled by none other than Genrich Altshuller and his comrades over ten years between 1975-1985. These standard solutions are categorized in five broad categories.

1.      There are 13 standard solutions for “improving the system” with little or no change.

2.      There are 23 standard solutions for “improving the system” by changing the system.

3.      There are 6 standard solutions for “system transitions”.

4.      There are 17 standard solutions for “detection and measurement”.

5.       There are 17 standard solutions for “simplification and improvement”

For more details, see these 76 Standard Solutions with examples.

Applying TRIZ for Problem Solving 

If you wish to use TRIZ for problem-solving, you can use the following steps to resolve a problem.

1. Define the Problem: You can get started by defining the problem. You can assess if the issue suffers from a Physical or Technical contradiction.

2. Find the TRIZ Generalized Problem to Match your Problem: You can match the generalized problem to match your issue. Since problems are often repeating themselves across industries and sciences.

3. Find the Generalized Solution to Solve the Generalized Problem: You can match the generalized problem to a generalized solution to see how it resolved the former.

4. Use the Identified Solution to Resolve Your Problem: You can use the generalized problem and its generalized solution as an example and adapt it to your specific issue to resolve it.

How to Present a TRIZ Solution in 4 Steps

Do you want to present your TRIZ solution in the form of a PowerPoint presentation? You can use our 4 step guide mentioned below to present a TRIZ solution.

1. Present the Problem in a Single Slide: You can start by presenting a problem in the form of a single slide. This can come after an introductory slide, with the presentation title and the presenter’s name. Alternatively, you can transform the opening slide in a manner that it introduces the topic and also explains the problem. If your audience is new to TRIZ, you might need to explain the concept in a slide prior to discussing how a TRIZ solution might be suitable for it.

2. Compare a Suitable Generalized Problem with a Generalized Solution: You can create a comparison slide to compare a suitable generalized solution to a generalized problem that matches your issue. This can also be a good time to discuss the nature of the contradiction (physical or technical).

3. Explain How the Generalized Solution can be Adapted: The third slide should be focused on how the generalized solution can be adapted to your specific issue. You can use bullet points to discuss the basic elements of the generalized solution’s adaptability for your specific issue. Depending upon the nature of the problem, you can focus on the solution using 1-3 slides.

4. Add a Summary to Conclude the Presentation: You should summarize your TRIZ solution in the form of a closing slide. This should be brief, with a general explanation of the topic, with ideally some focus on the solution. 

Using the 4 step guide above, you can present a TRIZ solution within just 4-8 slides.

Final Words

The theory of inventive problem solving can help resolve a wide range of problems across a variety of fields. Using TRIZ can be a bit complex for people who might not have a scientific background of some sort; however, looking at some of the basic principles alone can help anyone benefit from TRIZ. It isn’t necessary that everyone uses TRIZ on their own. For example, a project or marketing manager can send recommendations to a relevant department to request engineers and designers to look at the possibility of incorporating features that can help reduce project costs or improve a product’s marketability.

The 40 TRIZ Principles alone are enough to provide a range of ideas even to newbies to look for a possible solution to a ‘contradiction’ they may be dealing with. Be it segmentation, extraction, changing the colour, homogeneity or self-service, inexpensive short life or  replacement of a mechanical system. Even behind complex TRIZ principles, the simple ideas have ideas that can be used for resolving problems with creative solutions.

1. Problem Solving PPDAC Diagram PowerPoint Template

The PPDAC diagram template provides an intuitive way to reach towards a solution with it’s unique approach to 5 keywords. Begin with the problem, create a plan, use the data, create an analysis, and finally draft a conclusion.  

Use This Template

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Six Sigma Study Guide

Study notes and guides for Six Sigma certification tests

TRIZ – The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

Posted by Tanner Zornes

TRIZ is a Russian acronym for The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. TRIZ began in the 1940s by a soviet engineer named Genrich Altshuller. He recognized that technological advancements follow a systematic and natural progression. As a result, Genrich invented TRIZ, creating common solutions that can be redeployed to business problems for specific improvements. The 40 Principles of TRIZ are like the old idiom, “Don’t reinvent the wheel.” 

In other words, hundreds of really smart inventors have lived before today. TRIZ takes what is already created, adapts, and deploys it to solve today’s problems. Moreover, TRIZ uses tables of inherent contradictions and innovation principles, not trial and error, to reform the design challenge and remove physical contradictions.

• By this point in the DMAIC methodology, you should have a solid understanding of the problem that needs to be solved.
• Find the TRIZ General Problems that match your specific problem
• Identify which general solutions of TRIZ best apply to your specific problem.
• Lastly, apply the general solutions to your specific problem

Applying TRIZ

TRIZ works best in situations where other Six Sigma tools have not worked. Think of it as another way to find solutions that exist outside the normal process boundaries. You could use it during the Improve phase of the Six Sigma technique DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve, control) or the design phase of DMADV (define, measure, analyze, design, verify). ( reference )

You are not expected to memorize all 40 principles as part of your Six Sigma preparation. Rather, you should be familiar with each TRIZ principle in order to recognize answers on the exam. With that said, each of the below principles has been paired with a brief explanation and examples.

Principle 1: Segmentation

Divide an object into similar sections to add value to the product.

• Different-sized cutting guards on hair clippers.
• Focal lenses on a camera

Principle 2: Taking Out or Extraction

Take out the unnecessary portions of a product or extract the most necessary portions. As a result, the product becomes streamlined.

• Self-check-in apps for dining-in restaurants (taking out long wait times)
• Music playing in restrooms (without the actual musicians)
• Take out lactose in milk, and the result is an allergy-friendly milk

Principle 3: Local Quality

Adjust item properties to fit user/application requirements.

• Ergonomic keyboards
• Pens with erasable ink

Principle 4: Asymmetry

Modify an object from a balanced state to an uneven state. Though contrary to nature, asymmetry adds value to a variety of products.

• Water bottles (small spout for easy drinking, large base to hold water)
• Pencil Grips

Principle 5: Merging, Consolidation, or Combining

Combine concepts, items, or systems with those of similar properties. Consequently, the objective becomes more lean.

• Printers that can print in color and black and white
• Roofers that put up Christmas lights during the winter season

Principle 6: Universality

Consolidate parts of an object into one singular function. With this in mind, the product receives a wider application of use.

• A tablet compared to a laptop when you are on the go.
• USB drivers verses CDs or floppy disks.

Principle 7: Nested Doll

Similar to Russian nesting dolls, objects fit inside each other. This allows for space consolidation.

• A portable chess set:
• Stackable chairs

Principle 8: Anti-Weight

Offset the weight of an object by combining it with things that provide lift. That is to say, the object has less weight.

• Hot air balloons
• Hydraulic car jacks

Principle 9: Preliminary Anti-action

Implement measures to control harmful actions or consequences DURING a necessary process.

• Cars with vehicle blind spot monitors in order to avoid collisions when changing lanes

Principle 10: Preliminary Action

Perform the required change in ADVANCE. To clarify, the action occurs before a process begins.

• Boxed furniture that contains pre-drilled holes for assembly
• Cell phone notification when power is low, which prevents the phone from dying

Principle 11: Beforehand Cushioning

In cases where there is low consistency, provide a means for cushioning the worse-case scenarios.

• Sprinkler systems in case of fires
• Emergency shut-off switches

Principle 12: Equipotentiality

Solutions that involve a change to an object’s environment enable the desired results compared to a direct change to the object.

• Laundry chute – using gravity to bring your laundry downstairs

Principle 13: The Other Way Around

Do it in reverse or opposite ways, such as drive-thru restaurants vs. sit-in diners.

Principle 14: Spheroidality – Curvature

Introduce a bend or shape to an object. In addition, this includes how the object moves.

• Archways expand the inside of buildings, which allows more room and improved acoustics.
• A drill gun’s motion compared to a hammer’s motion

Principle 15: Dynamics

Change an object or system in order to create optimal flow.

• Pressure valves for gas and liquid control

Principle 16: Partial or Excessive Actions

If optimal performance cannot be achieved, aim for more or less to create the desired effect.

• Using paint primer on an object before the actual painting process

Principle 17: Another Dimension

Take an object from one dimension or plan to two planes. This includes two dimensions to three, or vice versa.

• Spiral staircase compared to normal stairs
• A desk shipped pre-assembled versus assembled in advance.

Principle 18: Mechanical Vibration

Introduce vibration to an object. Though contrary to Six Sigma’s goal to reduce process variation, increased vibration is beneficial under the right circumstances

• Electric toothbrush, which allows for better teeth cleaning compared to a normal toothbrush
• Increased vibration in a foot massage leads to a better stronger massage

Principle 19: Periodic Action

Change a steady action to occur in intervals. This allows users to increase or decrease magnitude during the process.

• Lights and sirens on a fire truck notify other cars to move
• Spring-loaded nerf guns

Principle 20: Continuity of Useful Action

Continuous flow of a process or object. This can also include eliminating idle objects.

• Dams use falling water, thus generating electricity.
• Crossfit exercise routines, which consequently create a more complete workout.

Principle 21: Skipping or Rushing Through

Conduct at-risk or harmful stages at high speeds in order to avoid extra damage.

• Friction can heat up an object, which leads to warped material. Faster cutting speeds prevent more warping.

Principle 22: Blessing in Disguise – Harm into Benefit

Make the most out of harmful factors in order to create a positive effect.

• Composting, such as tossing egg shells into a garden to improve soil quality
• Rebuilding infrastructure after natural disasters

Principle 23: Feedback

Add performance data to a process or object. A Six Sigma example of feedback is Statistical Process Control .

• Automated survey inquiries allow people to receive quick feedback from customers.
• Audiovisuals on the TV so that viewers can know the TV volume

Principle 24: Intermediary/Mediator

Use an intermediary vehicle or process. In other words, using someone or something as a link between two processes.

• Using email in order to distribute communication to a group of people
• US Postal Services, which ships goods or letters between people
• Food processors so that people without teeth can eat, too!

Principle 25: Self-Service

An object or process that services itself or provides auxiliary assistance.

• Automated phone call screening so that callers are connected to the correct department.
• Car wash stations that include self-vacuum stations so that customers can clean inside and outside of their car!

Principle 26: Copying

Use less expensive material that is more accessible to replace expensive and less available parts.

• 3-D Printing
• Replacing metal components with high durable plastic ones

Principle 27: Cheap Short-Living Objects

Replace expensive, quality objects with multiple cheaper objects. This leads to a compromise on certain quality aspects, but provides lower costs.

• Glass plates and cups are nice until you need to wash them. However, paper plates and cups can be thrown away after use
• Washable diapers are cheaper compared to disposable diapers, but single-use diapers are more easy to use

Principle 28: Mechanics Substitution

Replace a mechanical system with an electronic, sensory, or chemical system.

• Dictation or saying words aloud to be typed compared to typing it out by hand
• A car fob can unlock the viable faster than using the car key slot

Principle 29: Pneumatics and Hydraulics

Use gas or liquid parts instead of solid parts.

• Hydraulic brakes compared to standard brakes
• Gel-filled insoles in shoes provide better foot support compared to standard insoles

Principle 30: Flexible Shells and Thin Films

Use flexible materials that are more durable, lighter, and cost effective. 

• Bullet-proof vests are made out of light-weight material called kevlar, which is better than heavy metal for firearm safety
• Bubble wrap is great for shipping goods because of its extra cushioning

Principle 31: Porous Materials

Add holes (pores) to an object. This leads to a lighter and less dense object.

• Homes that use fiberglass for insulation
• Sponges to absorb moisture

Principle 32: Color Changes

Change the color of an object or the color around the object.

• Camouflage, which allows users to blend in to their environment
• Lighter colored homes reduce heat absorption from the sun.

Principle 33: Homogeneity

The interaction of two or more objects of the same material or purpose.

• Blood transfusions only work if the user has the same blood type as the donor
• Wooden dowels to join pieces of wood together

Principle 34: Rejecting, Discarding – Recovering, Regeneration

Reject or discard the object after completion or recover it after completion.

• SpaceEx launch spacecraft and the rocket returns to the launch pad after ascent. As a result, the cost of space travel is reduced
• Climbing the career ladder by changing jobs

Principle 35: Parameter Changes

Includes any input/output change such as temperature, durability, or pressure. Lots of things can fit in this bucket!

• Move into a larger work space in order to increase output
• Cakes batter baked at a lower temperature makes a better cake

Principle 36: Phase Transitions

Gradual changes to certain specs such as volume or pressure.

• Switching gears in a vehicle, which reduces gas consumption
• Move objects to cooler temperatures such as a fridge to decrease its heat

Principle 37: Thermal Expansions

Use heat or pressure in order to achieve desired results.

• Use heat to expand pipes so that they can connect. Cool pipes to cement them

Principle 38: Accelerated Oxidation

Replace common air with oxygen rich air.

• Ventilators assist to treat patients that struggle to breath
• Oxygen rich air is better fuel for fire, which can be applied during heat treatment

Principle 39: Inert Atmosphere

Negate moving or changing settings with less mobile or chemically inactive spaces

• Fire extinguishers work to move oxygen way from the flames. This results in putting out the fire
• Vacuum sealed bags are great space savers because the air is taken out of the object

Principle 40: Composite Materials

Unlike principle 5, composite materials combine different types of materials together.

• The body of an aircrafts is made of metals, foam, plastics, kevlar, and more. The principle also applies to the insides of vehicles.

IASSC Green Belt Sample Question

Question: Which of the following ideas best follows the TRIZ principle of “The Other Way Around?”

(A) Using hydraulic technology over gas-powered equipment

(B) Utilizing a trash compactor to maximize tonnage per pickup

(C) Baking cookies at a higher temperature

(D) Escalators in an airport or mall

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D: “The Other Way Around” (Principle 13) refers to the opposite way of doing something. Stairs requires people to move in a stationary environment whereas escalators create a moving environment while the people remain stationary.

Additional Resources

https://www.aitriz.org/articles/40p_triz.pdf – This is a great book extract for anyone who wants to practice TRIZ.

Comments (1)

MODIFIER program is based on ARIZ, TRIZ tools (algorithmized method of finding innovative solutions) essentially an electronic guide to the stages of the search workflow solutions of inventive problems. Designed for learning and mastering (by examples) data techniques, as well as for further independent work on the search innovative solutions (the language in one version is Russian, in the other – English). Added 4 more PROGRAMS. “MODIFIER” program (version 1.7): https://b-b.by/modules/tr/mco_eng.htm

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40 principles - first edition.

By Genrich Altshuller, 141 pp.

One of the premiere TRIZ texts written by the inventor of TRIZ himself, "40 Principles" is a great introduction into the world of problem solving with TRIZ. Focusing around the 40 principles that make up much of TRIZ theory, the book is essential for those who want to get started learning about this innovating process.

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Strengthening the 40 Principles

Editor | On 01, Dec 2008

By Ives de Saeger and Eddy Claeys Abstract The first part of this article discusses the 40 inventive principles, a tool of classic TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving). The authors compare the 40 inventive principles from different English TRIZ sources and note the differences between them – incomplete principles, word usage and differences in translations. The second part of the articlediscusses how the 40 inventive principles (IP) can be used differently. The authorsexplain different approaches to using the principles in a straightforward manner so the principles are less abstract. They aim to simplify the application and strength of the principles by dividing them into two parts – resource and recommendation. Since language triggers thoughts, different meanings can create different interpretations. To standardize the language the authors also suggest using the revised 40 inventive principles with more systemic terms.Aftercomparing the principle sources,a divided principle is applied to an example. Keywords 40 inventive principles, resources, recommendation, operator Introduction The contradiction matrix is a widely known TRIZ tool. Although Genrich Altshuller, the father of TRIZ, worried about the effectiveness of the contradiction matrix and the 40 inventive principles, the principles still inspire TRIZ students. 1 , 2 Other tools have followed such as the inventive standards and ARIZ (an algorithm of inventive problem solving). Darrell Mann rearranged some of the principles and developed a new overview of the matrix. He combined some principles and added others, and the number of parameters changed from 39 to 47. 3 , 4 An interesting feature added in the 2003 matrix is a linear link between parameters and recommended inventive principles. Comparing the 40 Inventive Principles The inventive principles have changed due to the work of many TRIZ specialists and there are many sourcesavailable when studying the principles. In a May 1998 article in The TRIZ Journal , William Todd and Ellen Domb described possible symmetries between the 40 inventive principles; anotherTRIZ specialist defined additional inventive principles when looking for similarities between the principles and different patents. 5 , 6 As previously mentioned Darrell Mann grouped the principles into a 5×3 matrix by space-time-interface entities. 3 The sources used for the comparative analysis of the inventive principles were: A. Genrich Altshuller’s book, Forty Principles , translated by Lev Shulyak 12 B. Invention Machine Company Techoptimiser 3.0 C. Ideation Innovation Workbench, version 2.8.0 D. Darrell Mann’s book, Hands-on Systematic Innovation 3 E. A TRIZ Journal article written by Ellen Domb in 1997, “ 40 Principles withExamples “ 14 The authors selected Altshuller’s Forty Principles as a reference because of its historical significance and because it contains 98 inventive principle subdivisions (IPS). A limited number of sources were randomly selected along with Lev Shulyak’s version. The authors used the sources to compare information, word usage, vocabulary, technology and defined starting conditions.The following is a comparative summary of the inventive principle subdivisions derived from the sources: Seven IPS have been added to the reference 43 IPS have additional information Three IPS are not included by the others Three other IPS are not mentioned by all the other sources While the authors compared 107 IPS, Table 1 shows a comparison of principle 39. Table 1: Comparison of Principle 39 Comparative Analysis Sources IP A B C D E 39 A. Replace the normal environment with an inert one A. Replace a normal environment with an inert one A. Replace the normal environment with an inert one A. Replace a normal environment with an inert one A. Replace a normal environment with an inert one B. Introduce a neutral substance or additives into an object B. Add neutral parts or inert additives to an object B. Add neutral parts or inert elements to an object or system B. Add neutral parts or inert additives to an object C. Carry out a process in a vacuum B. Carry out the process in a vacuum The sources for the 39 IPS use a variety of different words all with the same meaning, for example – object, system, structure and environment, stationary and fixed. 28 IPS within the same principle had different meanings –separate, single out, consolidate, combine or make. Using the first IP, Table 2 shows some of the different terms. Translations and different dictionaries affect the meaning of some words. Table 2: Differences in Meaning Comparative Analysis Sources IP A B C D E 1 A. Divide an object into independent parts A. Divide an object into independent parts A. Divide an object into independent parts A. Divide a system into separate parts or sections A. Divide an object into independent parts B. Make an object sectional (for easy assembly and disassembly) B. Make an object easy to disassemble B. Make an object sectional B. Make a system easy to disassemble and reassemble B. Make an object easy to disassemble C. Increase the degree of an object’s segmentation C. Increase the degree of fragmentation (or segmentation) of an object C. Increase the degree of an object’s segmentation C. Increase the amount of segmentation C. Increase the degree of fragmentation or segmentation Technology and the Undefined Solution The authors use “technology” when a technical solution is proposed in the IPS. The term “undefined solution” means that no technical solution, or the means to perform the solution, has been proposed. For instance, if a practitioner wants to divide a system into independent sub-systems the question remaining is how to perform the division. What specific method should be used to divide the system?A principle is called an “undefined solution” if it is not clear which technology is used to divide the system. Some principles, however, suggest what to do and what technology to use, forexample number 14B, “use rollers, balls, spirals, domes” and number 18, “use piezoelectric vibrators instead of mechanical ones.” Yet the authors found most of the principles were abstract in terms of how to actually perform the tasks. Nineteen IPS described a clear technology, 88 IPS were abstract. The authors concluded a degree of abstract thinking is required when using the inventive principles; the user must apply the abstract principle to a given problem. Description of the Starting and End Conditions Some inventive principles describe the starting condition. For instance principle 39A states “replace the normal environment with an inert one” and 29 says “replace solid parts of an object with a gas or liquid. These parts can now use air or water for inflation, or use pneumatic or hydrostatic cushions.”These examples indicate a defined starting condition. In IP 39 it is called a “normal” environment. In IP 29 solids are the starting condition. The 66 IPS had only a formulated “end condition,” while 31 IPS contained an initial condition. Consider the five sources as three versions: A and C are similar, and B, E and D are different. Limits to the Inventive Principles As soon as a technique is applied the user will face two conflicting parameters: Limiting the user to using both at their maximum –a technical contradiction and A conflicting parameter where extremes are needed–a physical contradiction. An inventive principle should help the user find a new way to solve the conflict. The inventive principles should act as an enhancer stimulating the different possibilities for overcoming the current unsolvable problem.Pictures, movies and examples can make the inventive principles less abstract.There are many papers that clarify how to use the inventive principles in specific domains.A lack of knowledge in a specific scientific area, however, can hinder TRIZ practitioners and they may overlook possible solutions. Misunderstanding a word or explanation and an inability to think abstractly can also impair usage of the inventive principles. Not only must practitioners decide what direction to go, they also have to implement the solution. Theory of constraints developer Elihu Goldratt refers to this as the transition tree –going from the current to the future reality tree. 15 The solution can be clear, but the implementation changes for the solution can be another obstacle. And the inventive principles lack implementation solutions. Strengthening the Inventive Principles The 40 inventive principles serve as problem solving resources. The authors divided the 40 inventive principles into two parts – resources and recommendation. Most inventive principles include a hint of where or what the problem is, and an idea of how to solve the problem – the recommendation. While convenient to have a common language, the authors considered it a separate problem and not essential to dividing the principles into the two parts. Therefore, the following example does not use a uniform language. The authors instead used a common vernacular for the inventive principles based on classroom settings. In the following example the authors used the term systems instead of objects, because a system is broader and can include one or several objects. Every problem needs a clear definition of what the system is and the context of the problem (operational zone and time). A sub-system is a part of the system and is used instead of parts. Environment and surrounding are referred to as super-systems – everything that is not part of the system, but could affect the system and in some way interacts with the system. The words “actions” and “operations” were replaced with “processes.” A process changes the state in which a system relates to another state – it changes the attributes/properties of an object. Parameters and characteristics are called properties, and a factor is a function or property. The authors also renamed the principles using verbs to reflect their potential for action and solution generation. Example: Lock Sometimes it is difficult to define a contradiction, but there are many sources available to assist the practitioner. Altshuller’s book Forty Principles offers assistance on how to formulate contradictions. 7 Valeri Souchkov developed a clearer way to formulate contradictions. 11 TRIZ experts Kalevi Rantanen and Ellen Domb formulated a contradiction example in their book, Simplified TRIZ , that wasbased onthe sinking of the Estonia in 1994 thatresulted in 852 deaths. 13 Investigators concluded that a locking mechanism on the ship failed. Figure 1 shows the simplified locking mechanism. The technical contradiction is between the reliability of the lock versus the ease of opening and closing the lock. Figure 1: Examples of an Open and Closed Lock Figure 2: Technical and Physical Contradictions To solve the contradiction TRIZ practitioners use the following inventive principles: 17, other dimension 14, curvature 15, dynamization 10, preliminary action Inventive principle 17 suggests: If an object moves in a straight line consider dimensions or movement outside the line. If an object contains or moves in a plane consider dimensions or movement outside the current plane. Stack objects instead of a using only a single level arrangement. Re-orient the object or system – lay it on its side. Use a different side of a given object or system. The fiveinventive principle sub-systemsfrom IP17 contain clues formulated through the words: plane, moving, dimensions and single-level arrangement. The drawing helps define planes, sides and movement. In the drawing there are: Fifty-six sides (pin, female male) Two linear moves Twenty-eight planes IP 17 also suggests what to do ( operators ): if an object moves in a straight line consider dimensions or movement outside the line. An example is to curve the line of the male as in Figure 3. Figure 3: Curved Male The next step is to adapt the design to deliver its function as shown in Figure 4 by changing the female to the opposite form. This step occurs after applying the inventive principle recommendation. Figure 4: Impact of a Curved Male on Design Other possible changes are shown in Figure 5 – change the line or movement of the sub-systems. Figure 5: Different Solutions of Movement Change and Curves If an object moves in a plane consider the dimensions or movement outside the current plane as viewed in Figure 6. Figure 6: Two Solutions for Changing the Plane Figure 7 shows how stacking the objects can change the system. Figure 7: Stacking Arrangement Re-orient the object or system. Lay it on its side as portrayed in Figure 8. Figure 8: Re-oriented Lock The last solution is different, because it cannot be completed without knowing the super-system. Use a different side of a given object or system. Figure 9’s solutionleads to a key concept –the example shows that by dividing the principles into resource and recommendation parts the user can find the solutions through a step-by-step approach. Figure 9: Key Concept Taking this a step further principle 17 could be reformattedas “use another dimension.” Resources: Define all sides, directions of the system Define distances (x, y, z) and angles ( a , b , g ) Define all planes Define the arrangement with other systems Operate to: Change a system from one to two- or three-dimensional space Use a multi-story arrangement of systems instead of a single-story arrangement Tilt or re-orient the position system –lay it on its side Use “another side” of the system Figure 10: Solution from U.S. Patent 5.875.658 25/9/199 Locking Mechanism for Gates and Hatches Summary The comparison of the 40 inventive principles from different English TRIZ sources as described in books or software results in minor differences such as incompleteness of some principles anddifferent translations (probably due to the use of different dictionaries). Technical solutions are rarely provided so the principles can be considered abstract. The authors encouraged TRIZ practitioners to look at the principles differently, so they appear less abstract and more usable without undergoing fundamental changes. Dividing the principles into a resources and recommendation partwill make themeasier for practitioners to use. References Khomenko, N., and Ashiani, M., “Classical TRIZ and OTSM as a Scientific Theoretical Background for Non-typical Problem Solving Instruments,” TRIZ Future 2007. Mann, Darrell, “ Evolving the Inventive Principles ,” The TRIZ Journal , August 2002. Mann, Darrell, Hands-on Systematic Innovation , CREAX Press, 2002. Mann, Darrell, Zlotin, B., Zusman, A., and DeWulf, S., “Matrix 2003: Updating the Contradiction Matrix,” CREAX Press, 2003. Williams, Todd, and Domb, Ellen, “ Reversibility of the 40 Principles of Problem Solving ,” The TRIZ Journal , May 1998. Cong H., and Tong, L. H., “ Similarity Between TRIZ Principles ,” The TRIZ Journal , September 2005. Altshuller, Genrich, Forty Principles , translated by Lev Shulyak, Technical Innovation Center, Worcester, MA, 1998. Invention Machine Co. Techoptimiser 3.0. Ideation Innovation Workbench software, version 2.8.0. Domb, Ellen, “ Contradictions:Airbag Applications ,” The TRIZ Journal , July 1997. Souchkov, Hoeboer, Zutphen, “ Application of RCA+ to Solve Business Problems ,” The TRIZ Journal , February 2007. Altshuller, Genrich, andClarke, Dana W., 40 Principles: TRIZ Keys to Innovation [Extended Edition] , translated by Steve Rodman. Rantanen K., and Domb, Ellen, Simplified TRIZ: New Problem Solving Applications for Engineers and Manufacturing Professionals , CRC Press, 2002. Tate, K., and Domb, Ellen, “ Forty Inventive Principles with Examples ,” The TRIZ Journal , July 1997. Goldratt, E., Critical Chain , North River Press,1997. This paper was originallypresented at the European TRIZ Association’s TRIZ Future 2008 meeting in Enschede, NL.

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TRIZ: The Problem-Solving Methodology for Product Managers

2. The second group, Contradictions, includes principles that are designed to help resolve contradictions or trade-offs between different aspects of a problem, such as cost versus quality. Examples of principles in this category include "Separation," which involves separating conflicting elements of a problem, and "Uniformity," which involves making different parts of a product or process more uniform to avoid contradictions.

3. The third group, Ideality, includes principles that aim to optimize a product or system by increasing its functionality while minimizing any negative impact on the environment or other factors. Examples of principles in this category include "Self-Service," which involves designing a product or process to require minimal external help, and "Simplicity," which involves reducing the number of components or processes to minimize waste.

4. The fourth and final group, Evolution, includes principles that focus on how to anticipate and prepare for changes in the market, technology, and other external factors, and how to leverage these changes to create new opportunities for innovation. Examples of principles in this category include "Continuity of Useful Action," which involves designing a product or process to continue functioning even when conditions change, and "Rapid Improvement," which involves quickly adapting to changes in the market or technology to stay ahead of the competition.

40 TRIZ PRINCIPLES

Each of four category includes principles that are designed to help individuals and organizations solve complex problems more effectively.

Resources. The 15 principles in this category are: Segmentation, Taking out, Local quality, Asymmetry, Merging, Universality, Nesting, Anti-weight, Preliminary anti-action, Prior counteraction, Cushioning, Equipotentiality, The other way round, Spheroidality, Dynamics. Contradictions. The 16 principles in this category are: Universality, Preliminary action, Nesting, "Beforehand cushioning", Equipotentiality, "The other way around", "Spheroidality", "Dynamics", Partial or excessive actions, Another dimension, Another environment, Mechanical vibration, Periodic action, Preliminary action, The transition to a micro-level, Flexible shells and thin films, Porous materials.

Ideality. The 6 principles in this category are: Universality, Nesting, Equipotentiality, The other way round, Spheroidality, Dynamics, Segmentation.

Evolution. The 3 principles in this category are: Transition to a micro-level, Another dimension, Another environment.

PUZZLES: Ready to Exercise Your Brain? As a product manager, one of the core responsibilities is to solve problems and develop innovative solutions that meet customer needs while balancing the constraints of time, budget, and resources. To accomplish this, product managers must be skilled in both analytical and creative thinking. I’ll use commonly known puzzles to illustrate how TRIZ can be applied to these challenges to generate more effective and innovative solutions. This classic puzzle about the fox, hen, and corn is a popular game that has been enjoyed for centuries, and it's also frequently used as an interview question to test problem-solving abilities. A farmer needs to transport a fox, a hen, and a sack of corn across a river. However, his boat is only big enough to transport one item at a time. If he leaves the fox alone with the hen, the fox will eat the hen. If he leaves the hen alone with the corn, the hen will eat the corn. How can the farmer transport all three items across the river without any of them being eaten?

Base on this principle the solution to the puzzle will be:

1. The farmer takes the hen across the river and leaves it on the other side. 2. The farmer goes back across the river and takes the corn with him, but before leaving it on the other side, he brings the hen back to the original side. 3. The farmer leaves the hen on the original side and takes the fox with him to the other side. 4. He leaves the fox on the other side with the corn. 5. The farmer goes back across the river and brings the hen to the other side, leaving the corn and the fox on the other side. 6. Finally, the farmer goes back across the river one more time to get the corn and bring it to the other side, completing the task without any of the items being eaten.

THE ELECTRICITY CHALLENGE: Solve the Puzzle and Light Up Your Mind! You are in a room with three light switches on the wall. Each switch controls one of three lamps in the next room, but you cannot see into the next room. You are allowed to flip the switches however you like, but you can only enter the next room once. How can you determine which switch controls each lamp?

The solution is for the two sons to swap their camels and ride as fast as possible to the distant city. The winner of the race will be the son whose camel comes second, since the objective is to have the camel come last. 

WATER GLASSES PUZZLE

There are six glasses in a row. The first three are full of water, and the next three are empty. By moving only one glass how can you make them alternate between full and empty?

ROPES AND LIGHTERS

You have two ropes and a lighter. Each rope takes exactly one hour to burn from one end to the other. However, the rope doesn't burn at a consistent rate, so cutting the rope in half might not be a reliable way to measure 30 minutes. Using only these two ropes and a lighter, how can you measure exactly 45 minutes?

Aleksei Badianov is an accomplished and respected professional in the field of Product Management, known for his impressive achievements and exceptional leadership. With a primary focus on developing delivery route optimization solutions, Aleksei has successfully served numerous delivery and distribution companies across 12 countries. Through his innovative approach, he has optimized an impressive daily volume of over 100,000 deliveries, resulting in significant environmental benefits by reducing CO2 emissions by a remarkable 1,631,320 kg annually. Beyond the tangible results, Aleksei's impact goes far beyond numbers. He has played a pivotal role in driving positive transformations within leading companies and cutting-edge startups. His unwavering commitment to personal and professional growth has kept him at the forefront of the rapidly evolving Product Management landscape.Throughout his career, Aleksei has consistently showcased his exceptional leadership skills by effectively leading teams of various sizes, ranging from 10 to 50 members, in both dynamic startup and corporate environments. His deep understanding of Product Management principles, coupled with his visionary approach, has yielded remarkable achievements and successful outcomes. Aleksei's contributions and expertise have garnered recognition from esteemed Product Management communities, prestigious educational institutions, and mentoring platforms. He has become a trusted advisor and mentor, generously sharing his knowledge and insights to guide and empower aspiring Product Managers on their own career journeys. With an unrelenting drive for improvement and a passion for innovation, Aleksei Badianov remains a highly sought-after professional in the Product Management field. His exceptional contributions, groundbreaking solutions, and unwavering dedication to personal growth stand as a testament to his remarkable abilities and enduring commitment to making a positive impact within the industry.

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Using the TRIZ Method for Creative Problem Solving

During the conflict and problems time in an organization, projects, at times, seem to be blocked from moving forward. At this crucial time, innovative and creative solutions are required to help the project survive through this difficult time. Problem-solving methods and tools are considered predefined ways that can be used to organize thoughts to carry on the production process. These methods can be used in various professional, educational and personal domains.

Many creative problem-solving methods have been discussed here before such as reverse brainstorming , mind mapping , SCAMPER and more. However, these methods depend on team discussion and creative thinking based on the team experience and creative ability. While the unrestricted nature of these methods contributes to creative and innovative thinking, the results may be unpredictable and not relevant to a given project. The results of each discussion may not be viable in further parts of the project. Even in an innovative project, a coherent problem solving matrix should be applied in the time of conflict and problems, when there is limited time for open discussions.

TRIZ is one of the problem solving methods that depend on previous experience and logic/research rather than unpredictable thinking. TRIZ argues that we should stand on the shoulder of giants while solving problems. Years of research conducted by thousands of engineers to reach innovative solutions for repeated problems should be considered as one of the essential tools to solve problems. If a problem exists while a specific problem has been solved in another project, this experience can save time, effort, and cost instead of starting from scratch.

Brief History of TRIZ

TRIZ is a Russian acronym for the term “theory of the resolution of invention-related tasks”. was developed during the era of 1946 – 1985 in the USSR by Russian inventor and author, Genrich Altshuller and his colleagues.. TRIZ depends on studied patterns of problems and solutions. More than three million patents have been used to discover these patterns in order to solve future problems based on a previous literature. TRIZ has been first introduced in “On the psychology of inventive creation” published in 1956 in Issues in Psychology journal. The theory has been widely used in different project management systems and Six Sigma processes.

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Understanding TRIZ

Generally, the theory is based on the hypothesis that “Somebody, sometime, somewhere has already solved your problem or one similar to it. Creativity means finding that solution and adapting it to the current problem.”

This hypothesis builds a universal connection to the current problem or similar one which was solved in a different domain such as different place or industry. The principle of this historical solution can be imported and implemented in the existing problem. Based on researching this hypothesis, the main findings have been discovered –these findings represent the basics of TRIZ theory:

• Problems and solutions are repeated across industries and sciences. By classifying the “contradictions” (see later) in each problem, you can predict good creative solutions to that problem.
• Patterns of technical evolution tend to be repeated across industries and sciences.
• Creative innovations often use scientific effects outside the field where they were developed.

• Identify the current project problem
• Compare the problem to an existing TRIZ general problem as discussed later
• Identify the TRIZ solution for the general problem
• Use the suggested solution to determine the project problem

Eliminate Contradictions

The figure above suggests that there is a fundamental contradiction is the reason behind any problem, eliminating this contradiction contributes to finding the solution for the problem. The contradictions in the TRIZ method are categorized based on its nature into technical and physical contradictions as following:

Technical contradictions

The technical contradictions which exist in the system prevent it from reaching a specific goal or to achieve the desired solution. In other words, when the team aims to achieve a goal, another contradiction in the siesta halts process. For example:

• Creative designs are good, but it consumes project time
• There is a profitable project, but the company lacks the finance to support it
• The mobile phone wide coverage is good, but the transmission tower are bad for health.

Physical contradictions

The physical contradictions occurs when the project or system has opposite requirements. So, the same part of the system is having two opposite needs such as the following:

• An advertising campaign should address both men and women at the same time.
• The interface design should be simple to navigate and full of functions at the same time.
• The creative team has to have time to think, but the brainstorming time is limited.

The TRIZ method aims to element the above contradictions in order to solve problems. Technical contradictions can be solved through 39 elimination principles, while physical contradictions can be solved through four principles by looking to the supersystem, subsystems, separation of time and space. In order to evaluate these contradiction, an evaluation method is used.  Accelerate Innovation with TRIZ by Valeri Souchkov provides more detailed information about run an evaluation for TRIZ contradictions and understand its weight.

TRIZ 40 Principles

Many solutions and methods have been implemented via the TRIZ method to solve problems. The most commonly used is the TRIZ 40 principles. These principles are used to eliminate contradictions and suggest general solutions in steps two and three of the TRIZ flow discussed earlier in this article. Based on the TRIZ journal, the 40 principles include the following:

• Segmentation
• Local Quality
• Universality
• “Nested doll”
• Anti-weight
• Preliminary anti-action
• Preliminary action
• Beforehand cushioning
• Equipotentiality
• The other way around
• Spheroidality
• Partial or excessive actions
• Another dimension
• Mechanical vibration
• Periodic action
• Continuity of useful action
• “Blessing in disguise”
• ‘Intermediary’
• Self-service
• Cheap short-living
• Mechanics substitution
• Pneumatics and hydraulics
• Flexible shells and thin films
• Porous materials
• Color changes
• Homogeneity
• Discarding and recovering
• Parameter changes
• Phase transitions
• Thermal expansion
• Strong oxidants
• Inert atmosphere
• Composite material films

Each of the above principles represent a solution for generic problems such as the following:

Principle 17 “Another dimension”:

This principle suggests to change the object orientation or tilt. This principle contributed to solving the squeezable ketchup bottles problem as it was hard to squeeze the ketchup when the bottles were standing on an ordinary orientation. In order to solve this problem, the bottles were designed to stand on their lids.

Principle 2 “Taking out”:

This principle suggests to separate the interfering part causing the problem from the object. For example, the noisy compressor can be separated from the interior of the building and placed outside the building.

Principle 7 “Nested Doll”:

This principle refers to making one part pass through a cavity in the other. For example, designing the door sensors to count the number of consumers getting inside an outside the building.

The TRIZ method for problem solving is able to provide a predicable way to solve problems based on previous knowledge and principles. This prediction ability qualifies it to be used in times of crisis. While most of the existing problem solving methods depend on team meetings and discussion, this method loads the project with time, effort, and cost. Therefore, the discussion-based methods can be replaced with a TRIZ method during a critical time and solves the need to solve problems quickly without further team discussions. This method can help managers to take decisions based on the 40 principles and reach predicable results.

Intensive practice should be applied in order to understand each principle and evaluate the current problems. TRIZ Journal provides full information about the method and how to practice it. Below are more resources that can provide more in-depth research about the method:

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Dr Rafiq Elmansy

As an academic and author, I've had the privilege of shaping the design landscape. I teach design at the University of Leeds and am the Programme Leader for the MA Design, focusing on design thinking, design for health, and behavioural design. I've developed and taught several innovative programmes at Wrexham Glyndwr University, Northumbria University, and The American University in Cairo. I'm also a published book author and the proud founder of Designorate.com, a platform that has been instrumental in fostering design innovation. My expertise in design has been recognised by prestigious organizations. I'm a fellow of the Higher Education Academy (HEA), the Design Research Society (FDRS), and an Adobe Education Leader. Over the course of 20 years, I've had the privilege of working with esteemed clients such as the UN, World Bank, Adobe, and Schneider, contributing to their design strategies. For more than 12 years, I collaborated closely with the Adobe team, playing a key role in the development of many Adobe applications.

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Solving Problems and with TRIZ Matrix

Triz, simple.

TRIZ is like a toolbox to help people solve difficult problems. Imagine that you have a complicated puzzle to solve. TRIZ gives you tools to help you find the right pieces and put them together to solve the puzzle. It's like having a friend who helps you solve difficult problems by giving you ideas and tips.

TRIZ Matrix simplified

The TRIZ Matrix is ​​a tool that helps people solve problems by finding solutions. Imagine you have a problem and you don't know how to solve it. The TRIZ matrix is ​​like a table with boxes. In each box, there is an idea to solve a problem. You can look at the boxes and find an idea that helps you solve your problem. It's like having a recipe book for solving problems. You can look at the different recipes and choose the one that best suits you to solve your problem.

Matrix TRIZCoach

Your triz coach.

Solving your technological Contradictions with TRIZ in natural language. The TRIZ matrix gathers lists of innovative Principles that have already proven their worth. Browsing this Matrix, you can pick solutions to your current technological problems.

Solving a problem

Option 1: in natural language, option 2: contradiction to solve.

For TRIZ, systems evolve towards ideality. This progression is made by solving problems. TRIZ Matrix can help solving problems if we translate them in Contradictions ; E.g. if an object must be longer without becoming heavier, this technical challenge can be translated in this Contradictions:

• Feature to improve: '4, length of stationary'.
• Feature to preserve: '2, weight of stationary'.

Entering these values in the tool, one can browse the TRIZ Matrix to discover innovation Principles that can solve the said problem. On TRIZCoach, to make things easier, you can express your technical challenge in natural language.

Some solution examples

These patents might be of some interest.

here, pqai like results are shown