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Operators constitute the basic building block of any programming language. Java too provides many types of operators which can be used according to the need to perform various calculations and functions, be it logical, arithmetic, relational, etc. They are classified based on the functionality they provide.

Types of Operators: 

• Arithmetic Operators
• Unary Operators
• Assignment Operator
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Ternary Operator
• Bitwise Operators
• Shift Operators

This article explains all that one needs to know regarding Assignment Operators. 

Assignment Operators

These operators are used to assign values to a variable. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable, and the right side operand of the assignment operator is a value. The value on the right side must be of the same data type of the operand on the left side. Otherwise, the compiler will raise an error. This means that the assignment operators have right to left associativity, i.e., the value given on the right-hand side of the operator is assigned to the variable on the left. Therefore, the right-hand side value must be declared before using it or should be a constant. The general format of the assignment operator is, 

Types of Assignment Operators in Java

The Assignment Operator is generally of two types. They are:

1. Simple Assignment Operator: The Simple Assignment Operator is used with the “=” sign where the left side consists of the operand and the right side consists of a value. The value of the right side must be of the same data type that has been defined on the left side.

2. Compound Assignment Operator: The Compound Operator is used where +,-,*, and / is used along with the = operator.

Let’s look at each of the assignment operators and how they operate: 

1. (=) operator: 

This is the most straightforward assignment operator, which is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left. This is the basic definition of an assignment operator and how it functions. 

Syntax:  

Example:  

2. (+=) operator: 

This operator is a compound of ‘+’ and ‘=’ operators. It operates by adding the current value of the variable on the left to the value on the right and then assigning the result to the operand on the left. 

Note: The compound assignment operator in Java performs implicit type casting. Let’s consider a scenario where x is an int variable with a value of 5. int x = 5; If you want to add the double value 4.5 to the integer variable x and print its value, there are two methods to achieve this: Method 1: x = x + 4.5 Method 2: x += 4.5 As per the previous example, you might think both of them are equal. But in reality, Method 1 will throw a runtime error stating the “i ncompatible types: possible lossy conversion from double to int “, Method 2 will run without any error and prints 9 as output.

Reason for the Above Calculation

Method 1 will result in a runtime error stating “incompatible types: possible lossy conversion from double to int.” The reason is that the addition of an int and a double results in a double value. Assigning this double value back to the int variable x requires an explicit type casting because it may result in a loss of precision. Without the explicit cast, the compiler throws an error. Method 2 will run without any error and print the value 9 as output. The compound assignment operator += performs an implicit type conversion, also known as an automatic narrowing primitive conversion from double to int . It is equivalent to x = (int) (x + 4.5) , where the result of the addition is explicitly cast to an int . The fractional part of the double value is truncated, and the resulting int value is assigned back to x . It is advisable to use Method 2 ( x += 4.5 ) to avoid runtime errors and to obtain the desired output.

Same automatic narrowing primitive conversion is applicable for other compound assignment operators as well, including -= , *= , /= , and %= .

3. (-=) operator: 

This operator is a compound of ‘-‘ and ‘=’ operators. It operates by subtracting the variable’s value on the right from the current value of the variable on the left and then assigning the result to the operand on the left. 

4. (*=) operator:

 This operator is a compound of ‘*’ and ‘=’ operators. It operates by multiplying the current value of the variable on the left to the value on the right and then assigning the result to the operand on the left. 

5. (/=) operator: 

This operator is a compound of ‘/’ and ‘=’ operators. It operates by dividing the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and then assigning the quotient to the operand on the left. 

6. (%=) operator: 

This operator is a compound of ‘%’ and ‘=’ operators. It operates by dividing the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and then assigning the remainder to the operand on the left. 

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Now that you've learned how to declare and initialize variables, you probably want to know how to do something with them. Learning the operators of the Java programming language is a good place to start. Operators are special symbols that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands , and then return a result.

As we explore the operators of the Java programming language, it may be helpful for you to know ahead of time which operators have the highest precedence. The operators in the following table are listed according to precedence order. The closer to the top of the table an operator appears, the higher its precedence. Operators with higher precedence are evaluated before operators with relatively lower precedence. Operators on the same line have equal precedence. When operators of equal precedence appear in the same expression, a rule must govern which is evaluated first. All binary operators except for the assignment operators are evaluated from left to right; assignment operators are evaluated right to left.

In general-purpose programming, certain operators tend to appear more frequently than others; for example, the assignment operator " = " is far more common than the unsigned right shift operator " >>> ". With that in mind, the following discussion focuses first on the operators that you're most likely to use on a regular basis, and ends focusing on those that are less common. Each discussion is accompanied by sample code that you can compile and run. Studying its output will help reinforce what you've just learned.

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Java Assignment Operators

Java programming tutorial index.

The Java Assignment Operators are used when you want to assign a value to the expression. The assignment operator denoted by the single equal sign = .

In a Java assignment statement, any expression can be on the right side and the left side must be a variable name. For example, this does not mean that "a" is equal to "b", instead, it means assigning the value of 'b' to 'a'. It is as follows:

Java also has the facility of chain assignment operators, where we can specify a single value for multiple variables.

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Assignment operators in java: an overview.

We already discussed the Types of Operators in the previous tutorial Java. In this Java tutorial , we will delve into the different types of assignment operators in Java, and their syntax, and provide examples for better understanding. Because Java is a flexible and widely used programming language. Assignment operators play a crucial role in manipulating and assigning values to variables. To further enhance your understanding and application of Java assignment operator's concepts, consider enrolling in the best Java Certification Course .

What are the Assignment Operators in Java?

Assignment operators in Java are used to assign values to variables . They are classified into two main types: simple assignment operator and compound assignment operator.

The general syntax for a simple assignment statement is:

And for a compound assignment statement:

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Types of Assignment Operators in Java

• Simple Assignment Operator: The Simple Assignment Operator is used with the "=" sign, where the operand is on the left side and the value is on the right. The right-side value must be of the same data type as that defined on the left side.
• Compound Assignment Operator:  Compound assignment operators combine arithmetic operations with assignments. They provide a concise way to perform an operation and assign the result to the variable in one step. The Compound Operator is utilized when +,-,*, and / are used in conjunction with the = operator.

1. Simple Assignment Operator (=):

The equal sign (=) is the basic assignment operator in Java. It is used to assign the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side.

Explanation

2. addition assignment operator (+=) :, 3. subtraction operator (-=):, 4. multiplication operator (*=):.

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5. Division Operator (/=):

6. modulus assignment operator (%=):, example of assignment operator in java.

Let's look at a few examples in our Java Playground to illustrate the usage of assignment operators in Java:

• Unary Operator in Java
• Arithmetic Operators in Java
• Relational Operators in Java
• Logical Operators in Java
• Ternary Operator in Java

Q1. Can I use multiple assignment operators in a single statement?

Q2. are there any other compound assignment operators in java, q3. how many types of assignment operators.

• 1. (=) operator
• 1. (+=) operator
• 2. (-=) operator
• 3. (*=) operator
• 4. (/=) operator
• 5. (%=) operator

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Java provides many types of operators to perform a variety of calculations and functions, such as logical , arithmetic , relational , and others. With so many operators to choose from, it helps to group them based on the type of functionality they provide. This programming tutorial will focus on Java’s numerous a ssignment operators.

Before we begin, however, you may want to bookmark our other tutorials on Java operators, which include:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Conditional Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise and Shift Operators

Assignment Operators in Java

As the name conveys, assignment operators are used to assign values to a variable using the following syntax:

The left side operand of the assignment operator must be a variable, whereas the right side operand of the assignment operator may be a literal value or another variable. Moreover, the value or variable on the right side must be of the same data type of the operand on the left side. Otherwise, the compiler will raise an error. Assignment operators have a right to left associativity in that the value given on the right-hand side of the operator is assigned to the variable on the left. Therefore, the right-hand side variable must be declared before assignment.

You can learn more about variables in our programming tutorial: Working with Java Variables .

Types of Assignment Operators in Java

Java assignment operators are classified into two types: simple and compound .

The Simple assignment operator is the equals ( = ) sign, which is the most straightforward of the bunch. It simply assigns the value or variable on the right to the variable on the left.

Compound operators are comprised of both an arithmetic, bitwise, or shift operator in addition to the equals ( = ) sign.

Equals Operator (=) Java Example

First, let’s learn to use the one-and-only simple assignment operator – the Equals ( = ) operator – with the help of a Java program. It includes two assignments: a literal value to num1 and the num1 variable to num2 , after which both are printed to the console to show that the values have been assigned to the numbers:

The += Operator Java Example

A compound of the + and = operators, the += adds the current value of the variable on the left to the value on the right before assigning the result to the operand on the left. Here is some sample code to demonstrate how to use the += operator in Java:

The -= Operator Java Example

Made up of the – and = operators, the -= first subtracts the variable’s value on the right from the current value of the variable on the left before assigning the result to the operand on the left. We can see it at work below in the following code example showing how to decrement in Java using the -= operator:

The *= Operator Java Example

This Java operator is comprised of the * and = operators. It operates by multiplying the current value of the variable on the left to the value on the right and then assigning the result to the operand on the left. Here’s a program that shows the *= operator in action:

The /= Operator Java Example

A combination of the / and = operators, the /= Operator divides the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and then assigns the quotient to the operand on the left. Here is some example code showing how to use the  /= operator in Java:

%= Operator Java Example

The %= operator includes both the % and = operators. As seen in the program below, it divides the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and then assigns the remainder to the operand on the left:

Compound Bitwise and Shift Operators in Java

The Bitwise and Shift Operators that we just recently covered can also be utilized in compound form as seen in the list below:

• &= – Compound bitwise Assignment operator.
• ^= – Compound bitwise ^ assignment operator.
• >>= – Compound right shift assignment operator.
• >>>= – Compound right shift filled 0 assignment operator.
• <<= – Compound left shift assignment operator.

The following program demonstrates the working of all the Compound Bitwise and Shift Operators :

Final Thoughts on Java Assignment Operators

This programming tutorial presented an overview of Java’s simple and compound assignment Operators. An essential building block to any programming language, developers would be unable to store any data in their programs without them. Though not quite as indispensable as the equals operator, compound operators are great time savers, allowing you to perform arithmetic and bitwise operations and assignment in a single line of code.

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Assignment Operator in Java with Example

Assignment operator is one of the simplest and most used operator in java programming language. As the name itself suggests, the assignment operator is used to assign value inside a variable. In java we can divide assignment operator in two types :

• Assignment operator or simple assignment operator
• Compound assignment operators

What is assignment operator in java

The = operator in java is known as assignment or simple assignment operator. It assigns the value on its right side to the operand(variable) on its left side. For example :

The left-hand side of an assignment operator must be a variable while the right side of it should be a value which can be in the form of a constant value, a variable name, an expression, a method call returning a compatible value or a combination of these.

The value at right side of assignment operator must be compatible with the data type of left side variable, otherwise compiler will throw compilation error. Following are incorrect assignment :

Another important thing about assignment operator is that, it is evaluated from right to left . If there is an expression at right side of assignment operator, it is evaluated first then the resulted value is assigned in left side variable.

Here in statement int x = a + b + c; the expression a + b + c is evaluated first, then the resulted value( 60 ) is assigned into x . Similarly in statement a = b = c , first the value of c which is 30 is assigned into b and then the value of b which is now 30 is assigned into a .

The variable at left side of an assignment operator can also be a non-primitive variable. For example if we have a class MyFirstProgram , we can assign object of MyFirstProgram class using = operator in MyFirstProgram type variable.

Is == an assignment operator ?

No , it's not an assignment operator, it's a relational operator used to compare two values.

Is assignment operator a binary operator

Yes , as it requires two operands.

Assignment operator program in Java

a = 2 b = 2 c = 4 d = 4 e = false

Java compound assignment operators

The assignment operator can be mixed or compound with other operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication etc. We call such assignment operators as compound assignment operator. For example :

Here the statement a += 10; is the short version of a = a + 10; the operator += is basically addition compound assignment operator. Similarly b *= 5; is short version of b = b * 5; the operator *= is multiplication compound assignment operator. The compound assignment can be in more complex form as well, like below :

List of all assignment operators in Java

The table below shows the list of all possible assignment(simple and compound) operators in java. Consider a is an integer variable for this table.

How many assignment operators are there in Java ?

Including simple and compound assignment we have total 12 assignment operators in java as given in above table.

What is shorthand operator in Java ?

Shorthand operators are nothing new they are just a shorter way to write something that is already available in java language. For example the code a += 5 is shorter way to write a = a + 5 , so += is a shorthand operator. In java all the compound assignment operator(given above) and the increment/decrement operators are basically shorthand operators.

Compound assignment operator program in Java

a = 20 b = 80 c = 30 s = 64 s2 = 110 b2 = 15

What is the difference between += and =+ in Java?

An expression a += 1 will result as a = a + 1 while the expression a =+ 1 will result as a = +1 . The correct compound statement is += , not =+ , so do not use the later one.

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Java operator

last modified January 27, 2024

In this article we show how to work with operators in Java.

An operator is a special symbol which indicates a certain process is carried out. Operators in programming languages are taken from mathematics. Programmers work with data. The operators are used to process data. An operand is one of the inputs (arguments) of an operator.

Expressions are constructed from operands and operators. The operators of an expression indicate which operations to apply to the operands. The order of evaluation of operators in an expression is determined by the precedence and associativity of the operators.

An operator usually has one or two operands. Those operators that work with only one operand are called unary operators . Those who work with two operands are called binary operators . There is also one ternary operator ?: which works with three operands.

Certain operators may be used in different contexts. For example the + operator. It can be used in different cases. It adds numbers, concatenates strings, or indicates the sign of a number. We say that the operator is overloaded .

Java sign operators

There are two sign operators: + and - . They are used to indicate or change the sign of a value.

The + and - signs indicate the sign of a value. The plus sign can be used to signal that we have a positive number. It can be omitted and it is mostly done so.

The minus sign changes the sign of a value.

Java assignment operator

The assignment operator = assigns a value to a variable. A variable is a placeholder for a value. In mathematics, the = operator has a different meaning. In an equation, the = operator is an equality operator. The left side of the equation is equal to the right one.

Here we assign a number to the x variable.

This expression does not make sense in mathematics, but it is legal in programming. The expression adds 1 to the x variable. The right side is equal to 2 and 2 is assigned to x.

This code line results in syntax error. We cannot assign a value to a literal.

Java concatenating strings

In Java the + operator is also used to concatenate strings.

We join three strings together.

Strings are joined with the + operator.

An alternative method for concatenating strings is the concat method.

Java increment and decrement operators

Incrementing or decrementing a value by one is a common task in programming. Java has two convenient operators for this: ++ and -- .

The above two pairs of expressions do the same.

In the above example, we demonstrate the usage of both operators.

We initiate the x variable to 6. Then we increment x two times. Now the variable equals to 8.

We use the decrement operator. Now the variable equals to 7.

And here is the output of the example.

Java arithmetic operators

The following is a table of arithmetic operators in Java.

The following example shows arithmetic operations.

In the preceding example, we use addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder operations. This is all familiar from the mathematics.

The % operator is called the remainder or the modulo operator. It finds the remainder of division of one number by another. For example, 9 % 4 , 9 modulo 4 is 1, because 4 goes into 9 twice with a remainder of 1.

Next we show the distinction between integer and floating point division.

In the preceding example, we divide two numbers.

In this code, we have done integer division. The returned value of the division operation is an integer. When we divide two integers the result is an integer.

If one of the values is a double or a float, we perform a floating point division. In our case, the second operand is a double so the result is a double.

We see the result of the program.

Java Boolean operators

In Java we have three logical operators. The boolean keyword is used to declare a Boolean value.

Boolean operators are also called logical.

Many expressions result in a boolean value. For instance, boolean values are used in conditional statements.

Relational operators always result in a boolean value. These two lines print false and true.

The body of the if statement is executed only if the condition inside the parentheses is met. The y > x returns true, so the message "y is greater than x" is printed to the terminal.

The true and false keywords represent boolean literals in Java.

The code example shows the logical and (&&) operator. It evaluates to true only if both operands are true.

Only one expression results in true .

The logical or ( || ) operator evaluates to true if either of the operands is true.

If one of the sides of the operator is true, the outcome of the operation is true.

Three of four expressions result in true .

The negation operator ! makes true false and false true.

The example shows the negation operator in action.

The || , and && operators are short circuit evaluated. Short circuit evaluation means that the second argument is only evaluated if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression: when the first argument of the logical and evaluates to false, the overall value must be false; and when the first argument of logical or evaluates to true, the overall value must be true. Short circuit evaluation is used mainly to improve performance.

An example may clarify this a bit more.

We have two methods in the example. They are used as operands in boolean expressions. We will see if they are called.

The One method returns false. The short circuit && does not evaluate the second method. It is not necessary. Once an operand is false, the result of the logical conclusion is always false. Only "Inside one" is only printed to the console.

In the second case, we use the || operator and use the Two method as the first operand. In this case, "Inside two" and "Pass" strings are printed to the terminal. It is again not necessary to evaluate the second operand, since once the first operand evaluates to true, the logical or is always true.

Java relational operators

Relational operators are used to compare values. These operators always result in a boolean value.

Relational operators are also called comparison operators.

In the code example, we have four expressions. These expressions compare integer values. The result of each of the expressions is either true or false. In Java we use the == to compare numbers. (Some languages like Ada, Visual Basic, or Pascal use = for comparing numbers.)

Java bitwise operators

Decimal numbers are natural to humans. Binary numbers are native to computers. Binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal symbols are only notations of a number. Bitwise operators work with bits of a binary number. Bitwise operators are seldom used in higher level languages like Java.

The bitwise negation operator changes each 1 to 0 and 0 to 1.

The operator reverts all bits of a number 7. One of the bits also determines whether the number is negative or not. If we negate all the bits one more time, we get number 7 again.

The bitwise and operator performs bit-by-bit comparison between two numbers. The result for a bit position is 1 only if both corresponding bits in the operands are 1.

The first number is a binary notation of 6, the second is 3 and the result is 2.

The bitwise or operator performs bit-by-bit comparison between two numbers. The result for a bit position is 1 if either of the corresponding bits in the operands is 1.

The result is 00110 or decimal 7.

The bitwise exclusive or operator performs bit-by-bit comparison between two numbers. The result for a bit position is 1 if one or the other (but not both) of the corresponding bits in the operands is 1.

The result is 00101 or decimal 5.

Java compound assignment operators

Compound assignment operators are shorthand operators which consist of two operators.

The += compound operator is one of these shorthand operators. The above two expressions are equal. Value 3 is added to the a variable.

Other compound operators are:

The following example uses two compound operators.

We use the += and *= compound operators.

The a variable is initiated to one. Value 1 is added to the variable using the non-shorthand notation.

Using a += compound operator, we add 5 to the a variable. The statement is equal to a = a + 5; .

Using the *= operator, the a is multiplied by 3. The statement is equal to a = a * 3; .

Java instanceof operator

The instanceof operator compares an object to a specified type.

In the example, we have two classes: one base and one derived from the base.

This line checks if the variable d points to the class that is an instance of the Base class. Since the Derived class inherits from the Base class, it is also an instance of the Base class too. The line prints true.

The b object is not an instance of the Derived class. This line prints false.

Every class has Object as a superclass. Therefore, the d object is also an instance of the Object class.

Java lambda operator

Java 8 introduced the lambda operator ( -> ).

This is the basic syntax for a lambda expression in Java. Lambda expression allow to create more concise code in Java.

The declaration of the type of the parameter is optional; the compiler can infer the type from the value of the parameter. For a single parameter the parentheses are optional; for multiple parameters, they are required.

The curly braces are optional if there is only one statement in an expression body. Finally, the return keyword is optional if the body has a single expression to return a value; curly braces are required to indicate that the expression returns a value.

In the example, we define an array of strings. The array is sorted using the Arrays.sort method and a lambda expression.

Lambda expressions are used primarily to define an inline implementation of a functional interface, i.e., an interface with a single method only. Interfaces are abstract types that are used to enforce a contract.

In the example, we create a greeting service with the help of a lambda expression.

Interface GreetingService is created. All objects implementing this interface must implement the greet method.

We create an object that implements GreetingService with a lambda expression. The object has a method that prints a message to the console.

We call the object's greet method, which prints a give message to the console.

There are some common functional interfaces, such as Function , Consumer , or Supplier .

The example uses a lambda expression to compute squares of integers.

Function is a function that accepts one argument and produces a result. The operation of the lamda expression produces a square of the given integer.

Java double colon operator

The double colon operator (::) is used to create a reference to a method.

In the code example, we create a reference to a static method with the double colon operator.

We have a static method that prints a greeting to the console.

Consumer is a functional interface that represents an operation that accepts a single input argument and returns no result. With the double colon operator, we create a reference to the greet method.

We perform the functional operation with the accept method.

Java operator precedence

The operator precedence tells us which operators are evaluated first. The precedence level is necessary to avoid ambiguity in expressions.

What is the outcome of the following expression, 28 or 40?

Like in mathematics, the multiplication operator has a higher precedence than addition operator. So the outcome is 28.

To change the order of evaluation, we can use parentheses. Expressions inside parentheses are always evaluated first. The result of the above expression is 40.

Java operators precedence list

The following table shows common Java operators ordered by precedence (highest precedence first):

Operators on the same row of the table have the same precedence. If we use operators with the same precedence, then the associativity rule is applied.

In this code example, we show a few expressions. The outcome of each expression is dependent on the precedence level.

This line prints 28. The multiplication operator has a higher precedence than addition. First, the product of 5*5 is calculated, then 3 is added.

In this case, the negation operator has a higher precedence than the bitwise OR. First, the initial true value is negated to false, then the | operator combines false and true, which gives true in the end.

Java associativity rule

Sometimes the precedence is not satisfactory to determine the outcome of an expression. There is another rule called associativity . The associativity of operators determines the order of evaluation of operators with the same precedence level.

What is the outcome of this expression, 9 or 1? The multiplication, deletion, and the modulo operator are left to right associated. So the expression is evaluated this way: (9 / 3) * 3 and the result is 9.

Arithmetic, boolean, relational, and bitwise operators are all left to right associated. The assignment operators, ternary operator, increment, decrement, unary plus and minus, negation, bitwise NOT, type cast, object creation operators are right to left associated.

In the example, we have two cases where the associativity rule determines the expression.

The assignment operator is right to left associated. If the associativity was left to right, the previous expression would not be possible.

The compound assignment operators are right to left associated. We might expect the result to be 1. But the actual result is 0. Because of the associativity. The expression on the right is evaluated first and then the compound assignment operator is applied.

Java ternary operator

The ternary operator ?: is a conditional operator. It is a convenient operator for cases where we want to pick up one of two values, depending on the conditional expression.

If cond-exp is true, exp1 is evaluated and the result is returned. If the cond-exp is false, exp2 is evaluated and its result is returned.

In most countries the adulthood is based on the age. You are adult if you are older than a certain age. This is a situation for a ternary operator.

First the expression on the right side of the assignment operator is evaluated. The first phase of the ternary operator is the condition expression evaluation. So if the age is greater or equal to 18, the value following the ? character is returned. If not, the value following the : character is returned. The returned value is then assigned to the adult variable.

A 31 years old person is adult.

Calculating prime numbers

In the following example, we are going to calculate prime numbers.

In the above example, we deal with several operators. A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number that has exactly two distinct natural number divisors: 1 and itself. We pick up a number and divide it by numbers from 1 to the selected number. Actually, we do not have to try all smaller numbers; we can divide by numbers up to the square root of the chosen number. The formula will work. We use the remainder division operator.

We will calculate primes from these numbers.

Values 0 and 1 are not considered to be primes.

We skip the calculations for 2 and 3. They are primes. Note the usage of the equality and conditional or operators. The == has a higher precedence than the || operator. So we do not need to use parentheses.

We are OK if we only try numbers smaller than the square root of a number in question.

This is a while loop. The i is the calculated square root of the number. We use the decrement operator to decrease i by one each loop cycle. When i is smaller than 1, we terminate the loop. For example, we have number 9. The square root of 9 is 3. We will divide the 9 number by 3 and 2. This is sufficient for our calculation.

If the remainder division operator returns 0 for any of the i values, then the number in question is not a prime.

In this article we covered Java expressions. We mentioned various types of operators and described precedence and associativity rules in expressions.

Java operators - tutorial

My name is Jan Bodnar and I am a passionate programmer with many years of programming experience. I have been writing programming articles since 2007. So far, I have written over 1400 articles and 8 e-books. I have over eight years of experience in teaching programming.

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Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. For example, + is an operator used for addition, while * is also an operator used for multiplication.

Operators in Java can be classified into 5 types:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Unary Operators
• Bitwise Operators

1. Java Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on variables and data. For example,

Here, the + operator is used to add two variables a and b . Similarly, there are various other arithmetic operators in Java.

Example 1: Arithmetic Operators

In the above example, we have used + , - , and * operators to compute addition, subtraction, and multiplication operations.

/ Division Operator

Note the operation, a / b in our program. The / operator is the division operator.

If we use the division operator with two integers, then the resulting quotient will also be an integer. And, if one of the operands is a floating-point number, we will get the result will also be in floating-point.

% Modulo Operator

The modulo operator % computes the remainder. When a = 7 is divided by b = 4 , the remainder is 3 .

Note : The % operator is mainly used with integers.

2. Java Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used in Java to assign values to variables. For example,

Here, = is the assignment operator. It assigns the value on its right to the variable on its left. That is, 5 is assigned to the variable age .

Let's see some more assignment operators available in Java.

Example 2: Assignment Operators

3. java relational operators.

Relational operators are used to check the relationship between two operands. For example,

Here, < operator is the relational operator. It checks if a is less than b or not.

It returns either true or false .

Example 3: Relational Operators

Note : Relational operators are used in decision making and loops.

4. Java Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to check whether an expression is true or false . They are used in decision making.

Example 4: Logical Operators

Working of Program

• (5 > 3) && (8 > 5) returns true because both (5 > 3) and (8 > 5) are true .
• (5 > 3) && (8 < 5) returns false because the expression (8 < 5) is false .
• (5 < 3) || (8 > 5) returns true because the expression (8 > 5) is true .
• (5 > 3) || (8 < 5) returns true because the expression (5 > 3) is true .
• (5 < 3) || (8 < 5) returns false because both (5 < 3) and (8 < 5) are false .
• !(5 == 3) returns true because 5 == 3 is false .
• !(5 > 3) returns false because 5 > 3 is true .

5. Java Unary Operators

Unary operators are used with only one operand. For example, ++ is a unary operator that increases the value of a variable by 1 . That is, ++5 will return 6 .

Different types of unary operators are:

• Increment and Decrement Operators

Java also provides increment and decrement operators: ++ and -- respectively. ++ increases the value of the operand by 1 , while -- decrease it by 1 . For example,

Here, the value of num gets increased to 6 from its initial value of 5 .

Example 5: Increment and Decrement Operators

In the above program, we have used the ++ and -- operator as prefixes (++a, --b) . We can also use these operators as postfix (a++, b++) .

There is a slight difference when these operators are used as prefix versus when they are used as a postfix.

To learn more about these operators, visit increment and decrement operators .

6. Java Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators in Java are used to perform operations on individual bits. For example,

Here, ~ is a bitwise operator. It inverts the value of each bit ( 0 to 1 and 1 to 0 ).

The various bitwise operators present in Java are:

These operators are not generally used in Java. To learn more, visit Java Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators .

Other operators

Besides these operators, there are other additional operators in Java.

The instanceof operator checks whether an object is an instanceof a particular class. For example,

Here, str is an instance of the String class. Hence, the instanceof operator returns true . To learn more, visit Java instanceof .

The ternary operator (conditional operator) is shorthand for the if-then-else statement. For example,

Here's how it works.

• If the Expression is true , expression1 is assigned to the variable .
• If the Expression is false , expression2 is assigned to the variable .

Let's see an example of a ternary operator.

In the above example, we have used the ternary operator to check if the year is a leap year or not. To learn more, visit the Java ternary operator .

Now that you know about Java operators, it's time to know about the order in which operators are evaluated. To learn more, visit Java Operator Precedence .

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Java Arithmetic Operators
• Java Assignment Operators
• Java Relational Operators
• Java Logical Operators
• Java Unary Operators
• Java Bitwise Operators

Sorry about that.

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1.7 Java | Assignment Statements & Expressions

An assignment statement designates a value for a variable. An assignment statement can be used as an expression in Java.

After a variable is declared, you can assign a value to it by using an assignment statement . In Java, the equal sign = is used as the assignment operator . The syntax for assignment statements is as follows:

An expression represents a computation involving values, variables, and operators that, when taking them together, evaluates to a value. For example, consider the following code:

You can use a variable in an expression. A variable can also be used on both sides of the =  operator. For example:

In the above assignment statement, the result of x + 1  is assigned to the variable x . Let’s say that x is 1 before the statement is executed, and so becomes 2 after the statement execution.

To assign a value to a variable, you must place the variable name to the left of the assignment operator. Thus the following statement is wrong:

Note that the math equation  x = 2 * x + 1  ≠ the Java expression x = 2 * x + 1

Which is equivalent to:

And this statement

is equivalent to:

Note: The data type of a variable on the left must be compatible with the data type of a value on the right. For example, int x = 1.0 would be illegal, because the data type of x is int (integer) and does not accept the double value 1.0 without Type Casting .

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Java Bitwise AND Assignment (&=) Operator

Java bitwise and assignment.

In Java, Bitwise AND Assignment Operator is used to compute the Bitwise AND operation of left and right operands, and assign the result back to left operand. In this tutorial, we will learn how to use Bitwise AND Assignment operator in Java, with examples.

The syntax to compute bitwise AND a value of 2 and value in variable x , and assign the result back to x using Bitwise AND Assignment Operator is

In the following example, we take a variable x with an initial value of 9 , add bitwise AND it with value of 2 , and assign the result to x , using Bitwise AND Assignment Operator.

In this Java Tutorial , we learned about Bitwise AND Assignment Operator in Java, with examples.

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Man or bear? Hypothetical question sparks conversation about women's safety

Women explain why they would feel safer encountering a bear in the forest than a man they didn't know. the hypothetical has sparked a broader discussion about why women fear men..

If you were alone in the woods, would you rather encounter a bear or a man? Answers to that hypothetical question have sparked a debate about why the vast majority say they would feel more comfortable choosing a bear.

The topic has been hotly discussed for weeks as men and women chimed in with their thoughts all over social media.

Screenshot HQ , a TikTok account, started the conversation, asking a group of women whether they would rather run into a man they didn't know or a bear in the forest. Out of the seven women interviewed for the piece, only one picked a man.

"Bear. Man is scary," one of the women responds.

A number of women echoed the responses given in the original video, writing in the comments that they, too, would pick a bear over a man. The hypothetical has people split, with some expressing their sadness over the state of the world and others cracking jokes. Some men were flabbergasted.

Here's what we know.

A bear is the safer choice, no doubt about it, many say

There were a lot of responses, more than 65,000, under the original post. Many wrote that they understood why the women would choose a bear.

"No one’s gonna ask me if I led the bear on or give me a pamphlet on bear attack prevention tips," @celestiallystunning wrote.

@Brennduhh wrote: "When I die leave my body in the woods, the wolves will be gentler than any man."

"I know a bear's intentions," another woman wrote. "I don't know a man's intentions. no matter how nice they are."

Other TikTok users took it one step further, posing the hypothetical question to loved ones. Meredith Steele, who goes by @babiesofsteele , asked her husband last week whether he would rather have their daughter encounter a bear or a man in the woods. Her husband said he "didn't like either option" but said he was leaning toward the bear.

"Maybe it's a friendly bear," he says.

Diana, another TikTok user , asked her sister-in-law what she would choose and was left speechless.

"I asked her the question, you know, just for giggles. She was like, 'You know, I would rather it be a bear because if the bear attacks me, and I make it out of the woods, everybody’s gonna believe me and have sympathy for me," she said. "But if a man attacks me and I make it out, I’m gonna spend my whole life trying to get people to believe me and have sympathy for me.'"

Bear vs. man debate stirs the pot, woman and some men at odds

The hypothetical has caused some tension, with some women arguing that men will never truly understand what it's like to be a woman or the inherent dangers at play.

Social media users answered this question for themselves, producing memes, spoken word poetry and skits in the days and weeks since.

So, what would you choose?

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MLB Trade Rumors

Giants Designate Daulton Jefferies For Assignment

By Steve Adams | May 6, 2024 at 12:00pm CDT

The Giants announced Monday that they’ve designated right-hander Daulton Jefferies for assignment. His spot on the 40-man roster will go to right-handed pitching prospect Mason Black , whose previously reported promotion from Triple-A Sacramento is now official.

Jefferies, 28, went through two years of painstaking rehab to get back to the big leagues after undergoing both Tommy John surgery and thoracic outlet surgery. The former No. 37 overall draft pick’s Giants debut at the end of March was his first MLB appearance since May 2022 with the A’s.

Jefferies shined in spring training this year (2.57 ERA, 16-to-3 K/BB ratio in 14 innings) and has pitched quite well in four Triple-A appearances this season. In 18 1/3 frames with Sacramento, he’s notched a tidy 3.44 ERA while fanning 22.7% of his opponents against a sharp 6.7% walk rate.

However, in a pair of big league appearances, he’s lasted just 4 2/3 innings overall and been tagged for 13 runs (nine earned) on the strength of 14 hits (two homers) and a pair of walks. Jefferies has only fanned four of the 31 men he’s faced. He’s seen more than half the balls in play against him land for hits, which certainly hasn’t helped his cause, but he’s also paid the price for plenty of mistakes over the plate; in addition to the pair of homers, he’s surrendered six doubles and a triple.

Jefferies has had a fair bit of minor league success, but he’s yet to carry it over to the big leagues in a quartet of seasons where he’s seen mostly fleeting action. In 61 MLB frames, he carries an unsightly 6.64 earned run average, although his overall mark in six minor league seasons is nearly half that number, sitting at 3.88. Injuries have played no small part in his struggles; the previously mentioned Tommy John surgery in 2022 was actually the second of his career, and he battled nerve issues in his elbow for nearly a year before finally being diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome and undergoing that surgery.

The Giants will have a week to trade Jefferies, attempt to pass him through outright waivers, or release him. He’s in his final minor league option season, so any team that acquires him would be able to send him to Triple-A without needing to expose him to waivers. Jefferies has been outrighted once in the past, so even if he goes unclaimed on waivers, that prior outright assignment grants him the right to reject another outright assignment in favor of free agency.

30 Comments

16 hours ago

Good thing they gave up Bart to make room for Jefferies.

Giants don’t need Bart when Reetz is OPSing 5.000 🙂

15 hours ago

Bart was a lost cause in SF. He might well still be; time will tell.

He is hitting .200, so he appears to still be lost

10 hours ago

Yeah, but .200 on the Pirates will get you a lot of playing time… and to be fair, 3 of his 7 hits are homers.

They were never going to carry three catchers full time

Whoa! didn’t see that coming….Jefferies had a solid 17.36 ERA.and FIP was only 8.30 it shows he played better than ERA suggests.

Someone should take a chance on this guy

14 hours ago

Ummm, you mean kinda like the Giants just did? At some point, you are who the back of your baseball card says you are unfortunately.

I got the Blue Jays claiming him

I feel bad for the guy after all he’s been through. Two Tommy John surgeries, plus thoracic outlet surgery. Players seem to have a much lower rate of success after TOS.

9 hours ago

@Jean Matrac I think any pitcher who even has TOS surgery is just ending their career. Better off taking a year off of pitching than have a rib removed. Find any other alternative!

Same surgery that doomed Matt Harvey

Wonder if he was named for Dutch Daulton or Dalton from Roadhouse?

Or maybe John Dalton, that guy was pretty cool too….

Don’t know, but I also didn’t know before today that his uncle is former big league reliever Blas Minor.

“The name…. is Dalton”

Now, it’s decision time for the Giants and the rest of the league. Will Jefferies find a new home? Will he be sent to Triple-A purgatory? Or will he take the path less traveled and explore free agency?

Stay tuned for the next episode of “Baseball’s Got Talent” as we witness the highs, lows, and curveballs of the MLB roster game. ⚾

Astros? Can’t be worse than Brown/Abreu/Hader/Pressly/Bielak/France/Urquidy

The next ones to be sent packing should be: Slater Flores Yaz Chapman Ahmed Murphy Hjelle Zaidi

Yaz and Chapman still have value, albeit replacement value and not much more. It feels too early to call it on Chapman, though, who is better than he has played so far.

I notice you didn’t include Soler on your list. His performance has been pretty underwhelming, too, especially given his salary. I hope he can start hitting dingers when there are guys on base.

4 hours ago

Oops, just forgot Soler. He should be the 2nd one gone after Slater.

Flores has value especially at his price point of 6.5M (and player opt-out in 2025 option) his previous years show decent numbers with power potential more than Yaz.

Yaz is a declining value last few years, he has 1 more ARB year but he is getting 7.9M this year, and is not living up to it. since 2021 Yaz is sloping downwards and teams know this so there will be very little in return for him, he is more valuable to Giants than any other team.

All others on the list have little value in trade unless added as a complementary item.

Chapman is going no where. Murphy has nice track record and injured now, he has possibility to turn it around. inexpensive player – there is no C in system that could replace – Sabol is nice but Murphy is more value than him.

13 hours ago

Datashark, Yastrzemski is one of the few Giants’ players that has been producing. As I responded to @TellItGoodbye, Yaz has a .927 OPS over the last 14 games.

11 hours ago

sure right now, but lets look at bigger picture.

8 hours ago

Yes, the bigger picture needs to be looked at, and things might look differently a few months from now. But these posts seem to be all about what these guys have done this season.

The season so far is still a small sample. So if someone is in favor of cutting loose guys like Flores and Yastrzemski, based on a small sample, then it has to cut both ways. And so far all we have is small samples.

But it’s not a small sample. Yaz has been going downhill and getting injured. I love Wilmer, and he’s cheap, I just wish we could find more exciting players who can actually steal a base.

This is exactly what I’m talking about. Flores has value. Murphy has a good track record. Chapman is better than this. On and on. Meanwhile we’re sinking fast. All those players are past their prime and slow. Maybe Chapman just doesn’t have it anymore. The game has sped up. It was so painfully obvious playing the Phillies. We were like an over-50 men’s league compared to them. It’s not just age, it’s excitement for the game. Compare Brandon Marsh to Wilmer or Yaz. It’s like our guys are just going through the motions. We need speed and youth. There’s exactly one exciting position player on our team – Jung Hoo Lee, and he’s still adjusting.

@Tellit Wow! That kind of managerial acumen is going to be the death of your lemonade stand!

Hey, I’m allowed to be grumpy after that series in Philly!! Go Giants!!

Was time to DFA Jefferies. Hopefully Black can add a much needed spark.

Zaidi is reaching a critical point where tough decisions have to be made to turn the Giants season around. Giants must have a winning record each month to have any chance of making the playoffs.

Giants not making playoffs will surely be Zaidi’s demise

TellItGoodbye, Since 4/18, 14 games, Yastrzemski has a .927 OPS. Yet Conforto isn’t on your list, and over that same span he has a .585 OPS. What a brilliant roster management suggestion.

Why pick from that arbitrary date? On the season Conforto is 100 pts better OPS.

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