essay on quaid e azam personality

Essay On Quaid-e-Azam 200 & 500 Words For Students

200 Words Essay On Quaid E Azam

Introduction.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the esteemed founder of Pakistan, was a charismatic leader whose pivotal role in the creation of an independent nation for Muslims in the Indian subcontinent remains indelible. His exceptional qualities and unwavering determination continue to inspire individuals to this day. This essay sheds light on the unique and captivating attributes of Quaid-e-Azam that made him an iconic figure in Pakistan’s history.

Visionary Leadership

Quaid-e-Azam’s visionary leadership served as a beacon of hope for millions. With resolute conviction, he envisioned a separate homeland where Muslims could live with dignity and freedom. His farsightedness, coupled with his ability to articulate the aspirations of the people, inspired a sense of unity and purpose among his followers.

Unyielding Determination

Quaid-e-Azam’s determination knew no bounds. Despite facing formidable challenges, he remained steadfast in his pursuit of a separate nation. His resolute stance during negotiations with the British and his unwavering commitment to the cause of independence were instrumental in realizing the dream of Pakistan.

Charismatic Persona

Quaid-e-Azam possessed a magnetic personality that captivated the masses. His eloquence, grace, and dignified demeanor left an indelible impression on all who encountered him. His ability to connect with people from all walks of life made him an influential leader and an inspiration for generations to come.

Defender of Rights

Quaid-e-Azam was a staunch advocate for the rights of all individuals. He firmly believed in upholding justice, equality, and freedom for every citizen. His tireless efforts to protect the rights of minorities and marginalized communities showcased his unwavering commitment to building a just and inclusive society.

Quaid-e-Azam’s visionary leadership, indomitable spirit, and commitment to justice continue to inspire and guide Pakistan toward a brighter future. His legacy remains a testament to his remarkable character and enduring impact.

500 Words Essay On Quaid E Azam

Introduction:.

Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, stands as the eminent founding father of Pakistan. His influential role in the creation of Pakistan and his exceptional leadership during the independence movement has shaped the destiny of the nation. This essay delves into the remarkable life and achievements of Quaid-e-Azam, presenting a captivating account of his invaluable contributions to the birth of Pakistan.

Early Life and Education

Born into a privileged family on December 25, 1876, Quaid-e-Azam hailed from Karachi, which was then part of British India. His family background instilled in him a sense of dignity and honor. With a strong educational foundation, he pursued his studies in Karachi and later moved to England to refine his legal education at Lincoln’s Inn. Quaid-e-Azam’s unwavering dedication and commitment to his work as a lawyer earned him immense respect among his peers.

Political Career

Quaid-e-Azam’s journey in politics commenced with his early association with the Indian National Congress, where he sought to advocate for the rights of all Indians. However, growing disillusionment with Congress’s inability to protect the interests of Muslims led Quaid-e-Azam to part ways and spearhead the All India Muslim League. Under his astute leadership, he aimed to unite the fragmented Muslim population and secure their rightful place in the Indian subcontinent.

Demand for Pakistan

Quaid-e-Azam’s historic Fourteen Points and the Lahore Resolution are emblematic of his resolute determination to establish an independent Muslim state. He envisaged a land where Muslims could thrive and flourish without fear of marginalization. His unwavering commitment and persuasive negotiations with the British and Congress paved the way for the creation of Pakistan on August 14, 1947.

Leadership during the Independence Movement

As the leader of the Muslim League, Quaid-e-Azam emerged as a skilled diplomat and negotiator during the tumultuous partition process. Despite facing numerous challenges, he navigated the delicate political landscape with remarkable resilience, ensuring the rights and protection of minority communities. His indomitable spirit and steadfast leadership provided the strength needed to overcome the trials of independence.

Vision for Pakistan

Quaid-e-Azam’s vision for Pakistan was rooted in democratic values, inclusivity, and social justice. He championed the cause of religious freedom and emphasized the importance of equality among all citizens. Through his impassioned speeches and addresses, he outlined his vision for a modern, progressive, and prosperous Pakistan, where every individual had the opportunity to succeed.

Quaid-e-Azam’s enduring legacy remains etched in the fabric of Pakistan’s history. His contributions to nation-building, such as the drafting of the country’s constitution, continue to shape the nation’s trajectory. As Pakistan’s first Governor-General, he nurtured unity and stability during the early years, setting a precedent for future leaders.

In conclusion, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s exceptional leadership and visionary guidance played a pivotal role in the creation of Pakistan. His unwavering commitment to the rights of Muslims and his relentless pursuit of a separate homeland have left an indelible mark on the nation. Today, Pakistan stands as a testament to Quaid-e-Azam’s principles, serving as a source of inspiration for generations to come. As we remember his illustrious legacy, we must strive to uphold the values of unity, equality, and progress that he ardently advocated.

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My favourite personality essay | my hero in history essay for 2nd year with quotations pdf | my hero in history essay.

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Essay on Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah with Quotes and Outlines

• December 19, 2023

Kainat Shakeel

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, was a visionary leader who devoted his life to the cause of Pakistan. Born on December 25, 1876, in Karachi, Jinnah was a counsel, politician, and leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the establishment of Pakistan in 1947.  

Early Life and Struggles:

Quaid-e-Azam was born into a Khoja family of Hindu parents who had converted to Islam and followed the Shia faith. He entered his early education at home before attending Sindh Madrasa Academy in Karachi. In 1893, he moved to England to pursue a law degree at the University of London. While in England, Jinnah was told by nationalist politicians and originally aimed to become” a Muslim Gokhale,” fastening on Muslim interests within the environment of Indian nationalism still, by the morning of the 20th century, the growing conviction among Muslims demanded the preservation of separate Muslim interests, leading to the founding of the All-India Muslim League in 1906. 

Achievements and Leadership:

In 1913, Jinnah became the leader of the All-India Muslim League, a position he held until the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. He played a pivotal part in the non-cooperation movement of 1920, which aimed to gain Indian independence through violent means. In 1924, he was tagged to the Viceroy’s Executive Council, making him the first Muslim member of the British Indian government. Despite his benefactions, Jinnah abnegated in 1925 due to dissensions with Mahatma Gandhi over the nature of the non-cooperation movement. Jinnah’s leadership and determination were necessary in the passage and perpetration of the Pakistan Resolution in 1940, which demanded the creation of separate Muslim and Hindu countries. In August 1947, Pakistan came into being, and Jinnah became its first governor-general. 

Personal Traits and Vision for Pakistan:

Quaid-e-Azam was known for his strong personality, seductiveness, and leadership chops. He was a professed lecturer and pen, able to rally people around his vision for Pakistan. Jinnah envisaged a Pakistan where all citizens, regardless of their faith, race, or gender, would be equal and have the occasion to prosper. He believed in the significance of education, profitable tone-reliance, and social justice for the development of the country. 

Quotes from Quaid-e-Azam:

Then are some memorable quotations from Quaid-e-Azam; 

• “Pakistan isn’t a piece of land for us. It’s a living, breathing reality that we’ve to nurture and develop. It’s a commodity that belongs to all of us, and all of us must put in our sweats, our smarts, and our hearts to make it a success.” 
• “We’ve to make a new Pakistan, where the weak will get justice and the strong won’t exploit the weak.” 
• “I wish to make it clear that the people of Pakistan, the Muslims and non-Muslims, will have to live together. There will be no question of equivalency because we’re all equal. There will be no question of maturity or nonage because we’re all equal. There will be no question of a separate motherland for Muslims or non-Muslims because we’re all Pakistanis.” 
• “May you be firm and bent in your faith. Don’t allow anyone to make you diverge from your path.”  

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s fidelity and leadership played a pivotal part in the establishment of Pakistan and the shaping of its identity. His vision for a just, equal, and prosperous country remains the foundation of Pakistan’s bourses and progress. In his memory, we must continue to work towards realizing his dream of a united, inclusive, and thriving Pakistan. 

Kainat Shakeel is a versatile SEO-Content Writer and Digital Marketer with a keen understanding of tech news, digital market trends, fashion, technology, laws, and regulations. As a storyteller in the digital realm, she weaves narratives that bridge the gap between technology and human experiences. With a passion for staying at the forefront of industry trends, her blog is a curated space where the worlds of fashion, tech, and legal landscapes converge.

Essay On Quaid E Azam 2023 Urdu/English (200 & 500 Words)

Quaid-e-Azam is the most outstanding leader of our history. During the establishment of Pakistan, he was remembered as an influential leader who brought Islam from slumber by calling for Muslims to live according to Islam’s teachings without Hindu influence.

His real name was Muhammad Ali Jinnah; he was born into wealth on 25th December 1876 near Karachi, where he spent most days reading books about law at home. He collected all the Muslims on one platform. He created a spirit of unity and fought against Hindus and the British.

His battle was peaceful, but his enemies tried to purchase him with money instead of asking for peace or any other form of negotiation that would have ended in compromise rather than bloodshed; he remained unyielding when faced by these offers, which often included large sums from wealthy merchants as well as promises from higher officials who Britain himself had appointed.

A man filled with great determination , Jinnah worked very hard for Pakistan despite his failing health – even making numberless speeches demanding separation into an independent state where Islam could be practiced freely without fear under appropriate legislation guided not only towards Muslims but also their Hindu counterparts too according to equality before the law itself.

Essay on Quaid e Azam – 500 Words

Muhammad Ali Jinnah is the founder of Pakistan. He was a great leader with an ambitious vision for his people and their land, which he never stopped fighting to make happen – even from behind prison bars in London during WWII! Born on December 25th, 1876, in Karachi.

Mr. Poonja Jinnah ‘s eldest son grew up being groomed as heir apparent by both parents; though it would be ultimately his father who sent him off at age 16 to study law abroad- first England, then later Lincoln Inn where Muhammad passed Bar-at-Law before returning home only two years later feeling fully qualified to take over managing family business interests when necessary but also ready open own legal practice if desired upon return Muhammad Ali Jinnah became one of. After four years of exile in London, Muhammad Ali Jinnah returned to his Bombay law firm.

He quickly became a successful lawyer and by 1900 was appointed magistrate for the region’s presidency. During this time, he noticed that while both Hindus and Muslims were united against England, it seemed like Hindu leaders had their interests at heart rather than those of India as a whole.

To join with other Indian groups who shared similar beliefs about British colonization – namely Muslim ones – Quaid-e-Azam left behind practicing law on behalf of Indians living abroad (a job which would be crucial later) so that he could take up leadership positions among organizations whose goals aligned more closely with what came to form Pakistan’s identity.

The Quaid-e-Azam , or “Great Leader,” was a human rights activist who dedicated his life to the liberation of Pakistan. He worked for Muslims in India and presented their concerns with fourteen eloquent points rejected by Congress.

His efforts did not go unrewarded; after enduring many hardships, he remained steadfast in achieving freedom for Muslim people, known as East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). During this time, Quaid’s speeches affirmed all aspects of what would become an independent state: its culture, language, economy – everything from top to bottom.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a thin and lean man but he had great qualities of head and heart. He overcame his frail body with determination, courage, faithfulness to the cause for which Pakistan would be created- namely that there should never again exist in this world any discrimination against Muslims on account of their being followers of Islam or because they live in a part of the world called Asia; nor will anyone have power evermore to humiliate them as long as they preserve these cardinal principles: Unity – Discipline – Faith.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah possessed all three attributes–unity, discipline, and faith. This drove him day after day towards achieving his goal-a a Muslim country where people are treated equally regardless if they were religious or not. 

He had a powerful, resolute voice and an unshakable sense of conviction. “An impossible man,” Gandhi called him. Then the Pakistan Resolution was drafted at Minar e Pakistan in Lahore in 1934, which was the backbone for Pakistan’s freedom struggle. He died on September 11, 1948.

Essay on Quaid e Azam – 850 Words

In Karachi, the great leader & founder of Pakistan, Quaid e Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, was born on December 25, 1876. 

Quaid-e-Azam was a great politician and well-known lawyer of his time. He was the son of a wealthy Gujarati merchant named Jinnahbhai Poonja. Before Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born, Poonja Jinnah moved to Karachi.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah fought for the freedom of the Muslims of the sub-continent. His achievements were recognized by the title “Quaid-e-Azam” (the father of the nation) by Maulana Mazharuddin.

Jinnah lived in Bombay with an aunt and may have attended the GokalDas Tej Primary School before going to the Cathedral and John Connon School. He participated at the Sindh-Madrasa-Tul-Islam and the Christian Missionary Society High School.

After completing his higher education in England, he was admitted to the Lincoln’s Inn law school in London.

His mother passed away during his stay in England. Within three years

He was invited by the advocate general of Bombay to join his bar and offered him 1500 rupees a month, which was a substantial sum a decade ago. 

Still, he refused this offer and stated that he would earn 1500 per day through his impeccable efforts. However, he set 1 rupee as his monthly salary as governor-general of a newly declared Pakistan. His character was sensible and reasonable.

As a member of the largest Indian political organization, Jinnah joined the Indian National Congress in 1906. He then joined the Muslim League seven years later.

He tried hard to bring Congress and the Muslim League together, but he realized that under the British and Hindus, the Muslims of the subcontinent were losing their cultural and social freedoms.

To create a state where Muslims could feel a sense of freedom, he began fighting for the independence of Muslims in British India.

In this freedom war, unity among Muslim organizations was the most critical factor, and we enjoy a state of independence and are free to practice our religion as we wish.

Pakistan was established due to the bloodshed of thousands of freedom fighters and Jinnah’s leadership. The country wouldn’t have existed without him.

A man of his words, he was always as firm as a rock in the face of enemies and never faltered. Gandhi’s title “Impossible Man” was given to Gandhi due to his determination over his policies.

In 1930, he became the authoritative leader of all the Muslims in the subcontinent, and he led the Muslim League from 1933 to 1935.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah founded Dawn , a newspaper significant for delivering the League’s perspective, in 1941. 

After becoming president of the Muslim League, Jinnah was drawn into a conflict between a pro-Congress and a pro-British faction. Jinnah believed the state of Pakistan should be based on authentic Islamic culture, civilization, and national identity rather than a theocratic interpretation of Islam.

Independence & Resolution:

The Muslim League wrote the Pakistan Resolution in Lahore in 1940, which was declared the backbone of the struggle for an independent Pakistan.

He sacrificed not for his business for the entire Muslim Nation but the Pakistan Resolution. His health was deteriorating day by day as he worked day and night.

His aggressive leadership and vigorous efforts resulted in Pakistan’s creation on August 14, 1947.

August 15, 1947, marked the first day of the rise of the independent state of Pakistan under Quaid-e-Azam. The new responsibilities were like a bed of thrones to him.

Jinnah is regarded as Pakistan’s founding father, a man devoted to safeguarding Muslim interests during the dying days of the British Raj. Most of the Pakistanis take Jinnah as a hero and an inspiration.

A Statesman:

If Jinnah’s stay in London was the sowing phase, the first decade in Bombay after returning from England was the germination stage, and the next decade (1906-1916) was the vintage stage; this was also the period of ideological thinking, as he was a romantic both in personal and political life. Jinnah came out of his shell. 

The limelight shone on him; he was blossoming as a lawyer and a politician. As a political child during the first decade of the century, Jinnah had become a political giant when Gandhi returned to India from South Africa. 

Since his early years in London, Jinnah has been fascinated by the world of politics. He was deeply impressed by Dadabhai, a Parsi from Bombay. 

When Jinnah returned to India, he entered the world of politics as a Liberal nationalist and joined the Congress Party despite his father’s anger at him leaving the family business. 

Jinnah attended the 20th annual session of the Congress in Bombay for the first time in December 1904. 

It was presided over by Pherozshah Mehta, a great admirer of Jinnah. Mehta suggested that two of his disciples be sent to London as Congress deputies at that time to observe the political arena there. 

A. Jinnah and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, whose wisdom and moderation he also admired, were his choices for the job.

Although he struggled with tuberculosis over the years, he never let it become a vulnerability, and he died on September 11, 1948, just 13 months after our motherland was created.

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محمد علی جناح پاکستان کے بانی اور بابائے قوم تھے۔ انھوں نے اپنی زندگی کا بڑا حصہ ہندوستان کی آزادی اور مسلمانوں کے حقوق کی جدوجہد میں صرف کر دیا۔ وہ ایک ہمہ جہت شخص تھے جو سیاست، قانون اور قوم سازی میں کامیاب ہوئے تھے۔ وہ اپنی قوم کو اکٹھا کرنے اور پاکستان بنانے والے سب سے بڑے قائدین میں سے ایک تھے ۔

جناح 1876 میں کراچی میں پیدا ہوئے اور ابتدائی تعلیم وہیں سے حاصل کی۔ وہ لنکن کالج سے گریجوایشن کرنے والے سب سے کم عمر وکیل تھے۔ آپ نے اپنے پیشہ ورانہ کیرئیر کا آغاز بمبئ سے کیا۔ انہوں نے 1905 میں آل انڈیا کانگریس کے ساتھ سیاست میں قدم رکھا اور 1910 میں امپیریل لیجسلیٹو کونسل کا حصہ بنے۔ وہ 1916 میں مسلم لیگ میں شامل ہوئے اور جلد ہی اسکی قیادت کرنے لگے۔ وہ برطانیہ، ہندوستانی نیشنل کانگریس، ہندوستانی مسلم لیگ کی جانب سے تقریریں کرتے رہے۔ وہ ھندوستان کی آزادی کے لیے برطانیہ پر دباؤ ڈالتے رہے۔

 جناح نے ایک پلیٹ فارم پر مسلمانوں کو منظم کرنےکے لئے خود کو وقف کردیا۔ انہوں نے ملک گیر دوروں کا آغاز کیا اور صوبائی مسلم رہنماؤں سے التجا کی کہ وہ اپنے اختلافات کو ختم کریں اور لیگ میں شامل ہو جائیں ۔ انہوں نے مسلم عوام کو اپنے آپ کو منظم کرنے اور لیگ میں شامل ہونے کی تلقین کی۔ انہوں نے گورنمنٹ آف انڈیا ا یکٹ 1935 کے حوالے سے مسلمانوں کے سیاسی جذبات کو ہم آہنگ کیا اور واضح سمت فراہم کی ۔

قائداعظم نے ہمیشہ واضح الفاظ میں دعوی کیا کہ “ہم ا یک قوم ہیں”۔ ہم اپنی مخصوص ثقافت اور تہذیب ، زبان و ادب ، آرٹ اور فن تعمیر ، ناموراقدار کے احساس کی حامل ا یک قوم ہیں۔ قوانین اور اخلاقی ضابطہ ، تاریخ اور کیلنڈر ، رسم و رواج اور روایت ، قابلیت اور عزائم؛ مختصر یہ کہ زندگی اور زندگی کے بارے میں ہمارا اپنا مخصوص نظریہ ہے۔ بین االاقوامی قانون کے تمام اصولوں کے مطابق ، ہم ایک قوم ہیں۔ 1940 میں پاکستان کے لئے مسلم مطالبہ کی تشکیل نے ہندوستانی سیاست کی نوعیت اور اس کے طریق کار پر زبردست اثر ڈالا۔

آپ کی انتھک محنتوں سے مسلمان متحد ہوئے اور یک زبان ہو قائداعظم کی پکار پر لبیک کہا اور تمام تر مشکل حالات اور دشمن کی مکاریوں کے باوجود انہوں نے پاکستان کی بنیاد ۱۴اگست ۱۹۴۷ کو ڈال دی۔ اس ملک پر یہ انکا ایک انمول احسان ہے جو ہمیشہ یاد رکھا جائے گا۔ قائداعظم جانتے تھے کہ یہ ملک بن گیا ہے لیکن اسکو بہت سے مشکلات سے نبرد آزما ہونا ہے۔

قائد اعظم محمد علی جناح نے 14 اگست 1948 کو اپنے آخری پیغام میں قوم سے فرمایا؛

آپ کی ریاست کی بنیادیں رکھی جا چکی ہیں اب یہ آپ پر ہے کہ آپ اسکی جلد از جلد تعمیر کریں جتنی جلد ی آپ کر سکتے ہیں ۔ پاکستان کے وجود میں آنے کے بعد انہوں نے سارہ بوجھ اپنے اوپرلے لیا ۔ جناح نے اپنی آخری سانس تک کام کیا ۔ رچرڈ سیمنز نے کہا تھا “پاکستان کی بقا کے لئے سب سے بڑا کردار جناح نے ادا کیا تھا” ۔ ان کا انتقال 11 ستمبر 1948 کو ہوا۔

10 frequently asked questions about Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan:

• Who was Muhammad Ali Jinnah? Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a barrister, politician and the founder of Pakistan. He served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the inception of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, and then as the Dominion of Pakistan’s first governor-general until his death¹.
• When and where was Muhammad Ali Jinnah born? Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on December 25, 1876 in Karachi, Bombay Presidency, British India (present-day Sindh, Pakistan)¹.
• What were Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s political affiliations? Muhammad Ali Jinnah was affiliated with several political parties throughout his career. He was a member of the Indian National Congress from 1906 to 1920, the All-India Muslim League from 1913 to 1947, and the Muslim League from 1947 to 1948¹.
• What were Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s political views? Muhammad Ali Jinnah advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity in the early years of his political career and helped shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the All-India Muslim League. He proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in the Indian subcontinent. However, by 1940, Jinnah had come to believe that Muslims should have their own state to avoid possible marginalization in an independent Hindu-Muslim state¹.
• What is Muhammad Ali Jinnah known for? Muhammad Ali Jinnah is known for successfully campaigning for an independent Pakistan and becoming its first leader. He is known in Pakistan as ‘Quaid-I Azam’ or ‘Great Leader’³.
• When did Muhammad Ali Jinnah die? Muhammad Ali Jinnah died on September 11, 1948 in Karachi, Federal Capital Territory, Pakistan¹.
• Where is Muhammad Ali Jinnah buried? Muhammad Ali Jinnah is buried at Mazar-e-Quaid in Karachi¹.
• What did Muhammad Ali Jinnah study? Muhammad Ali Jinnah studied law at Lincoln’s Inn in London, England and became a barrister¹.
• Did Muhammad Ali Jinnah have any children? Yes, Muhammad Ali Jinnah had one daughter named Dina Wadia¹.
• What is the significance of Muhammad Ali Jinnah in Pakistani history? Muhammad Ali Jinnah is considered the founder of Pakistan and played a crucial role in its creation. He is revered as a national hero and his legacy continues to shape Pakistani politics and society.

(1) Muhammad Ali Jinnah – Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah . (2) Historic Figures: Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) – BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/jinnah_mohammad_ali.shtml . (3) Mohammed Ali Jinnah | Biography, Accomplishments, Religion …. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohammed-Ali-Jinnah .

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Sana Mursleen is a student studying English Literature at Lahore Garrison University (LGU). With her love for writing and humor, she writes essays for Top Study World. Sana is an avid reader and has a passion for history, politics, and social issues.

Essay on Qaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah with Quotes and Outline

This post contains an Essay on Qaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah with Outline and Quotations for the Students of Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation. This is an awesome essay with a very good vocabulary. Students who are looking for this essay can get the benefit from it. I got 2 images from the internet and typed this essay from there. There are some Other Essays available Here.

Essay on Qaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah with Outline and Quotations for FA, FSC, 2nd Year and Graduation

• A National hero is a man of exceptional qualities.
• History is replete with great heroes.
• Early life and education of Qaid e Azam.
• A source of inspiration.
• Marvellous leadership and remarkable achievement.

“Greatness be nothing unless it be lasting.” (Napoleon)

A National Hero is a man of exceptional Qualities. With his selfless and sincere efforts, he can mould the fate of his nation. He is a man of determination will-power, stimulates the energy, courage and enthusiasm of the people and welds them into a nation. His words have the power to inspire devotion and dedication. Carlyle has said:

“All history is the biography of great men.”

History is replete with great heroes but my own hero in history is the Quaid e Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. I like him because of his marvellous personality and noble soul. His matchless leadership liberated the oppressed Muslims of the sub-continent from the cruel slavery of the Hindus and imperialism.

The Quaid e Azam was born in Karachi on the 25 th of December, 1876, in a well-off merchant family. He received his early education in Karachi. His father, Poonjah Jinnah, wanted to give him a good education to his son and kept him away from the business. At the age of sixteen, on passing the matriculation examination, he went to England and studied law at Lincoln’s Inn. After four years, he returned as a Barrister and started his practice in Karachi. Then, he shifted to Bombay. Within a short time, he became a distinguished lawyer.

In those days, Indians were struggling for freedom. He decided to take an active part in politics. He joined the Indian National Congress and worked for the freedom of his country. His political career began in 1909 when he was elected to the Indian Legislative Council. He joined the Muslim League in 1913 and tried to establish a working relationship between the Hindus and the Muslims. He was called the “Ambassador of Hindu Muslim unity”. But, he was disillusioned very soon. He realized that the Indian Congress was not sincere for the cause of the Muslims. He was convinced that Hindu-Muslim unity was not possible. So, he decided to leave the Indian National Congress in 19+20.

The Quid e Azam infused new life, energy and spirit into the dull body of the Indian Muslims. His sincere and devoted leadership kindled a new imagination among frustrated Muslims. He awakened them from their slumber and organized them as a nation. He told the Muslims that the only solution to their problems was that they should have their own separate homeland where they could live their life according to their religion and culture.

“Time makes heroes but dissolves celebrities.” (Boorstin)

As a result of the untiring struggle of the Muslims under the selfless and marvellous leadership of the Quid e Azam, Pakistan came into being on the 14 th August 1947. The Quaid e Azam became the first Governor-General of Pakistan. Inspite of his shattered health, he worked day and night for the great task of nation-building He died in harness on the 11 th September 1948. He will always live in our hearts as the “Father of the Nation”.

“A good man never dies” (Callimachus)

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Quaid-e-Azam Essay

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-e-Azam, is a prominent figure in the history of Pakistan. Born on December 25, 1876 in Karachi, he played a key role in nation building. In this “ Quaid-e-Azam Essay” we explore the life of Quaid-e-Azam and his impact in simple language.

Table of Contents

Early Life and Education

Quaid-e-Azam went to school in Karachi and later studied in London. He became a lawyer, someone who helps people understand and follow the law. He had no idea that his path was meant for something extraordinary.

Quaid-e-Azam Essay:  Starting in Politics

Quaid-e-Azam started his journey in politics by joining the All India Muslim League in 1906. He wanted to ensure that the rights of Muslims in British India were protected. Over time, he became a strong voice for Muslims and worked tirelessly for their welfare.

Dreaming of a Separate Nation

One of the great things that Quaid-i-Azam dreamed of was a country where Muslims could live freely and practice their religion without any problems. He called this country Pakistan. The idea was that Muslims and Hindus, two different religious groups, could have their own separate countries and live in peace. The friendship /relationship  between Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal was an important alliance that significantly shaped the history of Pakistan.

The Long Struggle and the Birth of Pakistan

The journey to create Pakistan was not easy. Quaid-i-Azam faced many challenges and had to work hard to convince people about the need for a separate nation. Finally on 14 August 1947, Pakistan became an independent country. It was a joyous day, marking the end of British rule and the beginning of a new chapter for millions.

Leading During Difficult Times

It was a difficult time when Pakistan was formed. There were many people coming and going in the new country. Quaid-e-Azam demonstrated strong leadership and tried to ensure that everyone, irrespective of their religion, felt safe and secure. He wanted Pakistan to be a place where people from different backgrounds could live in peace.

A Leader Loved by All

Quaid-e-Azam was not only a leader. He was also a person who was liked by everyone. He was known for his honesty, simplicity and kindness. People respected him not just because he was a leader but because of the person he was.

Leaving a Lasting Legacy

Although Quaid-i-Azam died soon after the creation of Pakistan, his legacy lives on. His vision for a united, progressive and tolerant Pakistan is something we still talk about today. His principles of unity, faith and discipline guide our nation.

Quaid-e-Azam Essay is a story  life of Quaid-i-Azam is a story of dedication, struggle and victory. He showed us that with determination and unity we can overcome any challenge. His vision for a peaceful and inclusive Pakistan continues to inspire generations. Quaid-e-Azam will always be remembered as the great leader who gave us the gift of freedom.

Essay on Quaid e Azam “Unveiling the Legacy in 600 Words”

Introduction.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, revered as the “Father of the Nation,” stands as a prominent figure in the history of Pakistan. His life, marked by leadership, vision, and statesmanship, played an important role in the creation of the independent state of Pakistan in 1947. This essay on Quaid e Azam delves into the introductory aspects of Quaid-e-Azam’s life, tracing his early years, education, entry into politics, and the enduring impact he left on the emerging nation.

Quaid-e-Azam was born on December 25, 1876, in Karachi, then part of British India. His early life was characterized by academic brilliance and a thirst for knowledge. Growing up in a well-off family, he laid the foundations for a remarkable journey that would shape the destiny of millions.

Jinnah’s quest for knowledge led him to pursue law in London, England. His educational journey in a foreign land not only polished his legal insight but also exposed him to diverse ideas and cultures, shaping the worldview that would later define his leadership.

Entry into Politics

Quaid-e-Azam’s entry into politics marked a significant turning point in his life. Initially joining the Indian National Congress, he soon realized the need for a platform that championed the rights of Muslims, leading him to become a prominent figure in the All-India Muslim League.

Essay on Quaid e Azam: Two-Nation Theory

At the heart of Jinnah’s political ideology lay the Two-Nation Theory, which asserted that Hindus and Muslims were distinct nations with different religious, social, and cultural foundations. This theory became the foundation stone of the demand for a separate homeland for Muslims.

Leadership and Advocacy

Quaid-e-Azam’s leadership and advocacy for Muslim rights were instrumental in the negotiations with the British and leaders of the Indian National Congress, ultimately leading to the creation of Pakistan on August 14, 1947. His statesmanship during the challenging period of partition showcased his ability to navigate complex circumstances.

Legacy and Impact

Quaid-e-Azam’s legacy extends beyond the political realm. His founding principles of democracy, inclusivity, and religious freedom continue to shape Pakistan’s identity. His contributions to education, including the establishment of institutions like Quaid-e-Azam University, highlight his commitment to knowledge and enlightenment.

In conclusion, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s introduction sets the stage for a deeper exploration of his life and contributions. His journey from a brilliant student to a visionary leader reflects a commitment to justice, freedom, and the principles that define the nation he helped create.

Why is Quaid-e-Azam considered the “Father of the Nation”?

Quaid-e-Azam’s leadership and role in the creation of Pakistan earned him the title, symbolizing his pivotal role in the nation’s foundation.

What is the Two-Nation Theory, and why is it significant?

The Two-Nation Theory asserted that Hindus and Muslims were distinct nations, forming the basis for the demand for a separate Muslim state. It is significant as it influenced the creation of Pakistan.

How did Quaid-e-Azam contribute to education in Pakistan?

Quaid-e-Azam’s commitment to education is evident in the establishment of institutions like Quaid-e-Azam University, reflecting his belief in the importance of knowledge.

What challenges did Quaid-e-Azam face during the partition, and how did he handle them?

The partition was marked by communal tensions and mass migrations. Quaid-e-Azam’s statesmanship and diplomatic skills played a crucial role in ensuring a relatively smooth transition for the newly formed nation.

What are the enduring principles that Quaid-e-Azam left for Pakistan?

Quaid-e-Azam ‘s principles of democracy, inclusivity, and religious freedom continue to shape Pakistan’s identity, emphasizing the values that form the nation’s foundation.

Also Read: My Best Friend Essay

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Quaid-e-Azam: man of charming, enthusiastic personality

His leadership instilled a sense of islamic ideological state in muslims of the subcontinent in such a way that no one could stand in front of their arguments.

Shakespeare said, "Some people are born great and some people make themselves great by their deeds." It would not be wrong to say this for Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Professor Stanley, author of Jinnah of Pakistan, writes, "There are very few people who change the course of history and even fewer are those who change the map of the world and there is someone who can establish a new state." Muhammad Ali Jinnah is a person who performed all three deeds at the same time. Quaid-e-Azam had a charming personality. Not only Muslims and Hindus of the subcontinent but also the British could not help being impressed by his personality.

Founder of Pakistan Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah is a role model for our benefactors and the nation. The living nations do not forget their benefactors. Not only do they always remember him, but they also follow his principles. Quaid-e-Azam was an important figure in any standard of living, his multi-faceted personality achieved many successes in many walks of life. 

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Of course, there were many characters in the history of the subcontinent who performed many feats. Quaid-e-Azam, a great legislator of the subcontinent, an ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity, a constitutionalist, a prominent parliamentary leader, a top politician, an invincible freedom fighter, a dynamic Muslim leader, a shining example of political strategy.

And he was one of the foremost leaders of the great nation-builders of his time. His legal credentials are recognized not only by legislators but also by the people from other walks of life.

In a program on the British Broadcasting Corporation, Sir Stafford Corpus, talking about the Quaid-e-Azam, said: One of the lawyers was a very capable lawyer and a great legislator. "In his letters to Lord Burkinhead, Mahatma Gandhi praised the Quaid-e-Azam and said," Mr. Jinnah and Sartaj Bahadur Sapro are the two smartest lawyers in India."

The behavior of Quaid-e-Azam's magical personality is a telling proof of constitutionalism, the recognition of which comes to us from all these references. He discussed Pakistan's struggle in various ways and proved that peaceful constitutional struggle is the best and right path.

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The universal personality of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah deserves to be interpreted as a beacon of light in history. Is. His struggle and principles have changed the course of history. Determination, perseverance and courage were among his attributes, which made him so strong that the greatest superpower of the time was forced to retreat from its stubbornness.

Quaid-i-Azam's enthusiastic leadership instilled a sense of Islamic ideological state in the Muslims of the subcontinent in such a way that no one could stand in front of their arguments. Just take a look at the windows of the past, by following which Quaid-e-Azam spent his life.

The basic philosophy and beliefs of the way of life he adopted were well understood. His beliefs were solid, he was not convinced of the priorities of the moment, which gave him the right form of life. He was very smart, alert and principled. He understood that being a Muslim, one could not maintain a relationship with both truth and falsehood.

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Some of his leading sayings that will be a beacon for Pakistan and Pakistanis for the rest of the world. The founders of Pakistan are capable of being written in golden letters, but today I am presenting to you eight of his selected sayings. As a nation, we must believe that every word of our leader has the status of a command for us and by following his words and following the path shown by him, we can achieve the goal of a stable and stable state.

We are starting with this fundamental principle that we are all citizens and equal citizens of one State.(Presidential Address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 11th August, 1947.)

As you know, history shows that in England conditions, some time ago, were much worse than those prevailing in India today. The Roman Catholics and the Protestants persecuted each other. Even now there are some States in existence where there are discriminations made and bars imposed against a particular class. Thank God, we are not starting in those days. We are starting in the days when there is no discrimination, no distinction between one community and another, no discrimination between one caste or creed and another. We are starting with this fundamental principle that we are all citizens and equal citizens of one State.  (Presidential Address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 11th August, 1947.)

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The great majority of us are Muslims. We follow the teachings of the Prophet Mohammed (may peace be upon him). We are members of the brotherhood of Islam in which all are equal in rights, dignity and self-respect. Consequently, we have a special and a very deep sense of unity. But make no mistake: Pakistan is not a theocracy or anything like it. (Broadcast talk to the people of Australia recorded on 19th February, 1948.)

We are now all Pakistanis--not Baluchis, Pathans, Sindhis, Bengalis, Punjabis and so on--and as Pakistanis we must feet behave and act, and we should be proud to be known as Pakistanis and nothing else. (Reply to the Civic Address presented by the Quetta Municipality on 15th June, 1948.)

You are free; you are free to go to your temples. You are free to go to your mosques or to any other places of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion, caste or creed --that has nothing to do with the business of the State. (Presidential Address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 11th August, 1947.)

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Learning Never Ends

Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah

This post aims to give a description of the Quaid e Azam essay. Muhammad Ali Jinnah known as Quaid e Azam was a lawyer, politician, great leader, and the creator of Pakistan.

Table of Contents

Introduction of Quaid e Azam essay

Muhammad Ali Jinnah is famous for leading the Muslim League and helping to create the independent homeland of Pakistan. Jinnah was a man of strong character, who not only influenced his own life but also had a major role in the establishment of Pakistan. Even his opponents call him “great”, “extraordinarily brilliant”, and “a man born in centuries”. His intelligence and insight were truly remarkable.

Early childhood                                 

Quaid was born on December 25, 1876, in Karachi to Poonja Jinnah and Mithibai. He had five siblings, and the youngest sister was Fatima. He belonged to khoja caste. His ancestors converted to Islam centuries ago. In 1874, his family moved to Karachi from a small village in search of prosperity. He liked games and became the leader of his playmates, in that field. He also loved horse riding.

When he was six, his parents began educating him in Gujrati at home. He proved to be a brilliant learner. He was excellent in arithmetic. His success as a learner led to his admission into the Sindh madrassa-tul-Isam in 1887 and then the Christian missionary school in 1892. Shortly before his sixteenth birthday, Quaid left for England to enroll at Lincoln’s Inn and graduated as a Barrister in 1895. Living abroad had an enormous influence on his lifestyle and political philosophy.

He returned home in 1896. He was determined to become an Advocate at the Bombay High court despite it being dominated by British, Parsi, and Hindu practitioners. Jinnah achieved success as a Magistrate but gave up this post for greater ambitions in 1900.

1906 was a landmark in the political career of Jinnah. In that year, he stepped up from local to all Indian politics. In 1906, he joined Indian National Congress. From 1906 to 1913, he became a respected figure not only Congress party but also in Muslim League. Soon he came to know that Congress is working only for Hindus. So, he joined All India Muslim League in 1913. All India Muslim League was founded at Dhaka in December 1906.

Jinnah turned to be a key leader in the Muslim League. He suggested a fourteen-point amended proposal to protect the rights of Indian Muslims. Jinnah was in great favor of Hindu–Muslim unity in the beginning of his political career. Till 1920, he was the member of both political parties. However, Jinnah left the Congress in 1920.

Creation of Pakistan

Until late 1930s, most Muslims of the British Raj were expecting to be part of a single state that included all British India. In 1930, in a speech at Allahabad, Sir Muhammad Iqbal suggested a state for Muslims. Also, Choudhary Rahmat Ali suggested a name “Pakistan” for a separate homeland in the Indus Valley.

The Muslim League, under Jinnah’s leadership, passed the Lahore Resolution in 1940 which called for an independent nation for Indian Muslims. Jinnah stated that Hindus and Muslims have distinct civilizations which are substantially incompatible. So, they cannot live together. Finally, on 20 February 1947, it was declared that Britain will transfer power to India within a year. Ultimately, on 14 August 1947, Pakistan was established, and celebrations were led by Jinnah in Karachi.

After years of struggle, Muhammad Ali Jinnah finally achieved his goal of creating an independent Pakistan in 1947. Jinnah became the country’s first governor-general. He faced various challenges to survive the new state. He served Pakistan until his death in 1948. Muhammad Ali Jinnah died at age of 71, just 13 months after the creation of Pakistan. His legacy continues to be felt in Pakistan today and he is revered as the country’s founding father. He is still considered as the greatest leader in the struggle for independence of Pakistan.

Conclusion of Quaid e Azam Essay

Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born in Karachi, British India in 1876 and died in 1948. He was very active in politics. Jinnah served as the Muslim League’s president and worked towards independence for Pakistan. He was a skilled negotiator. He was able to get important concessions from the British government during negotiations for independence. Quaid e Azam finally succeeded to lay the foundation of Pakistan in 1947.

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Best Essay on Quaid-e-Azam

• by Academia Mag
• October 15, 2022
• 2 years ago

The great leader and founder of Pakistan. His real name is Mohammad Ali Jinnah but widely known as Quaid-e-Azam or Baba-e-Qoum which means the father of the nation. Quaid-e-Azam was born on the 25th of December in Karachi, in 1876. Quaid-e-Azam was a successful lawyer as well as a politician. Quaid-e-Azam’s father’s name was Jinnah Poonja and his mother’s name was Mithibai. Quaid-e-Azam belonged to a rich merchant family.

Quaid-e-Azam received his early education from Sindh Madrasa-ul-Islam and a Christian missionary school. He was sent to England at the mere age of 16 for higher education and later got admission to Lincoln’s Inn Law school to study Law. He returned home after studying abroad, then took over managing his family business.

A few years later, Quaid-e-Azam opened his law firm and became a successful lawyer and by 1900, he was appointed as a magistrate for the region’s presidency. During this time, Jinnah noticed that Hindus and Muslims were united against England, but the Hindu leaders had set their interests somewhere else. Soon after this Quaid-e-Azam left behind practicing law and went on to join political parties so he could take up leadership positions among organizations that planned to form Pakistan’s identity. He started his political career with Indian National Congress in 1906, then after a time span of 7 years, Jinnah joined the Muslim League.

He was a man with great qualities and leadership. He was a human rights activist who constantly fought for the rights of Muslims and dedicated his whole life to the liberation of Pakistan. He tirelessly worked for the Muslims struggling in India and presented their concerns in the 14 points which were rejected by Congress. He endured many hardships for the formation of Pakistan and the rights of Muslims, but he did not give up. However, his efforts did not go unrewarded.

He was a man of his word and one of the greatest spokesmen. Mahatma Gandhi called Quaid-e-Azam “an impossible man” due to his determinacy over his principles. Jinnah always stood like a rock in front of his enemies and never backed down. In 1933, Jinnah became the leader of the Muslim League. In 1940, the Pakistan resolution was drafted by The Muslim League at Minar-e-Pakistan.

After the Pakistan Resolution was passed, Quaid-e-Azam worked tirelessly day and night and did not care about his health at all, slowly his health started deteriorating but he never stopped working. It was due to Quaid-e-Azam’s tireless efforts that Pakistan came into being on the 1947, 14th of August. Quaid-e-Azam passed away on the 11th of September in 1948.

Some of the most famous quotes by Quaid-e-Azam are:

1. “Think a hundred times before you take a decision, but once that decision is taken, stand by it as one man.”

2. “Expect the best, prepare for the worst.”

3. “With faith, discipline, and selfless devotion to duty, there is nothing worthwhile that you cannot achieve.”

4. “I do not believe in taking the right decision, I take a decision and make it right.”

5. “Failure is a word unknown to me.”

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QUAID-E-AZAM MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH

Father of the Nation Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's achievement as the founder  of Pakistan, dominates everything else he did in his long and crowded public life spanning some 42 years. Yet, by any  standard, his was an eventful life, his personality multidimensional and his achievements in other fields were many, if not  equally great. Indeed, several were the roles he had played with distinction: at one time or another, he was one of the  greatest legal luminaries India had produced during the first half of the century, an `ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity, a  great constitutionalist, a distinguished parliamentarian, a top-notch politician, an indefatigable freedom-fighter, a dynamic  Muslim leader, a political strategist and, above all one of the great nation-builders of modern times. What, however,  makes him so remarkable is the fact that while similar other leaders assumed the leadership of traditionally well-defined  nations and espoused their cause, or led them to freedom, he created a nation out of an inchoate and down-trodden  minority and established a cultural and national home for it. And all that within a decade. For over three decades before  the successful culmination in 1947, of the Muslim struggle for freedom in the South-Asian subcontinent, Jinnah had  provided political leadership to the Indian Muslims: initially as one of the leaders, but later, since 1947, as the only  prominent leader- the Quaid-i-Azam . For over thirty years, he had guided their affairs; he had given expression,  coherence and direction to their legitimate aspirations and cherished dreams; he had formulated these into concrete  demands; and, above all, he had striven all the while to get them conceded by both the ruling British and the numerous  Hindus the dominant segment of India's population. And for over thirty years he had fought, relentlessly and inexorably,  for the inherent rights of the Muslims for an honorable existence in the subcontinent. Indeed, his life story constitutes, as it  were, the story of the rebirth of the Muslims of the subcontinent and their spectacular rise to nationhood, phoenixlike . phoenixlike .

Political Career

Three years later, in January 1910, Jinnah was elected  to the newly-constituted Imperial Legislative Council. All through his parliamentary career, which spanned some four  decades, he was probably the most powerful voice in the cause of Indian freedom and Indian rights. Jinnah, who was also  the first Indian to pilot a private member's Bill through the Council, soon became a leader of a group inside the legislature.  Mr. Montagu (1879-1924), Secretary of State for India, at the close of the First World War, considered Jinnah "perfect  mannered, impressive-looking, armed to the teeth with dialectics..." Jinnah , he felt, "is a very clever man, and it is, of  course, an outrage that such a man should have no chance of running the affairs of his own country."

For about three decades since his entry into politics in 1906, Jinnah passionately believed in and assiduously worked for  Hindu-Muslim unity. Gokhale , the foremost Hindu leader before Gandhi, had once said of him, "He has the true stuff in  him and that freedom from all sectarian prejudice which will make him the best ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity: And,  to be sure, he did become the architect of Hindu-Muslim Unity: he was responsible for the Congress-League Pact of 1916,  known popularly as Luck now Pact- the only pact ever signed between the two political organizations, the Congress and  the All-India Muslim League, representing, as they did, the two major communities in the subcontinent.

The Congress-League scheme embodied in this pact was to become the basis for the Montagu-Chemlsford Reforms, also  known as the Act of 1919. In retrospect, the Luckhnow Pact represented a milestone in the evolution of Indian politics.  For one thing, it conceded Muslims the right to separate electorate, reservation of seats in the legislatures and weightage  in representation both at the Centre and the minority provinces. Thus, their retention was ensured in the next phase of  reforms. For another, it represented a tacit recognition of the All-India Muslim League as the representative organization  of the Muslims, thus strengthening the trend towards Muslim individuality in Indian politics. And to Jinnah goes the  credit for all this. Thus, by 1917, Jinnah came to be recognized among both Hindus and Muslims as one of India's most  outstanding political leaders. Not only was he prominent in the Congress and the Imperial Legislative Council, he was also  the President of the All-India Muslim League and that of the Bombay Branch of the Home Rule League. More importantly,  because of his key-role in the Congress-League entente at L uckhnow , he was hailed as the ambassador, of Hindu-Muslim  unity.

Constitutional Struggle

In subsequent years, however, he felt dismayed at the injection of violence into politics. Since Jinnah stood for "ordered progress", moderation, gradualism and constitutionalism, he felt that political violence was not the pathway to national liberation but, the dark alley to disaster and destruction.

In the ever-growing frustration among the masses caused by colonial rule, there was ample cause for extremism. But, Gandhi's doctrine of non-cooperation, Jinnah felt, even as Rabindranath Tagore(1861-1941) did also feel, was at best one of negation and despair: it might lead to the building up of resentment, but nothing constructive. Hence, he opposed tooth and nail the tactics adopted by Gandhi to exploit the Khilafat and wrongful tactics in the Punjab in the early twenties. On the eve of its adoption of the Gandhian programmed, Jinnah warned the Nagpur Congress Session (1920): "you are making a declaration (of Swaraj within a year) and committing the Indian National Congress to a programme, which you will not be able to carry out". He felt that there was no short-cut to independence and that any extra-constitutional methods could only lead to political violence, lawlessness and chaos, without bringing India nearer to the threshold of freedom.

The future course of events was not only to confirm Jinnah's worst fears, but also to prove him right. Although Jinnah left the Congress soon thereafter, he continued his efforts towards bringing about a Hindu-Muslim entente, which he rightly considered "the most vital condition of Swaraj". However, because of the deep distrust between the two communities as evidenced by the country-wide communal riots, and because the Hindus failed to meet the genuine demands of the Muslims, his efforts came to naught. One such effort was the formulation of the Delhi Muslim Proposals in March, 1927. In order to bridge Hindu-Muslim differences on the constitutional plan, these proposals even waived the Muslim right to separate electorate, the most basic Muslim demand since 1906, which though recognized by the Congress in the Luckhnow Pact, had again become a source of friction between the two communities. surprisingly though, the Nehru Report (1928), which represented the Congress-sponsored proposals for the future constitution of India, negated the minimum Muslim demands embodied in the Delhi Muslim Proposals.

In vain Jinnah argued at the National Convention of Congress in 1928 that "What we want is that Hindus and Mussalmans should march together until our objective is achieved...These two communities have got to be reconciled and united and made to feel that their interests are common". The Convention's blank refusal to accept Muslim demands represented the most devastating setback to Jinnah's life-long efforts to bring about Hindu-Muslim unity, it meant "the last straw" for the Muslims, and "the parting of the ways" for him, as he confessed to a Parsee friend at that time. Jinnah's disillusionment at the course of politics in the subcontinent prompted him to migrate and settle down in London in the early thirties. He was, however, to return to India in 1934, at the pleadings of his co-religionists, and assume their leadership. But, the Muslims presented a sad spectacle at that time. They were a mass of disgruntled and demoralized men and women, politically disorganized and destitute of a clear-cut political programme.

Muslim League Reorganized

Thus, the task that awaited Jinnah was anything but easy. The Muslim League was dormant: even its provincial organizations were, for the most part, ineffective and only nominally under the control of the central organization. Nor did the central body have any coherent policy of its own till the Bombay session (1936), which Jinnah organized. To make matters worse, the provincial scene presented a sort of a jigsaw puzzle: in the Punjab, Bengal, Sindh, the North West Frontier, Assam, Bihar and the United Provinces, various Muslim leaders had set up their own provincial parties to serve their personal ends. Extremely frustrating as the situation was, the only consolation Jinnah had at this juncture was in Allama Iqbal (1877-1938), the poet-philosopher, who stood steadfast by him and helped to chart the course of Indian politics from behind the scene.

Undismayed by this bleak situation, Jinnah devoted himself to the sole purpose of organizing the Muslims on one platform. He embarked upon country-wide tours. He pleaded with provincial Muslim leaders to sink their differences and make common cause with the League. He exhorted the Muslim masses to organize themselves and join the League. He gave coherence and direction to Muslim sentiments on the Government of India Act, 1935. He advocated that the Federal Scheme should be scrapped as it was subversive of India's cherished goal of complete responsible Government, while the provincial scheme, which conceded provincial autonomy for the first time, should be worked for what it was worth, despite its certain objectionable features. He also formulated a viable League manifesto for the election scheduled for early 1937. He was, it seemed, struggling against time to make Muslim India a power to be reckoned with.

Despite all the manifold odds stacked against it, the Muslim League won some 108 (about 23 per cent) seats out of a total of 485 Muslim seats in the various legislatures. Though not very impressive in itself, the League's partial success assumed added significance in view of the fact that the League won the largest number of Muslim seats and that it was the only all-India party of the Muslims in the country. Thus, the elections represented the first milestone on the long road to putting Muslim India on the map of the subcontinent. Congress in power with the year 1937 opened the most momentous decade in modern Indian history. In that year came into force the provincial part of the Government of India Act, 1935, granting autonomy to Indians for the first time, in the provinces.

The Congress, having become the dominant party in Indian politics, came to power in seven provinces exclusively, spurning the League's offer of cooperation, turning its back finally on the coalition idea and excluding Muslims as a political entity from the portals of power. In that year, also, the Muslim League, under Jinnah's dynamic leadership, was reorganized de novo, transformed into a mass organization, and made the spokesman of Indian Muslims as never before. Above all, in that momentous year were initiated certain trends in Indian politics, the crystallization of which in subsequent years made the partition of the subcontinent inevitable. The practical manifestation of the policy of the Congress which took office in July, 1937, in seven out of eleven provinces, convinced Muslims that, in the Congress scheme of things, they could live only on sufferance of Hindus and as "second class" citizens. The Congress provincial governments, it may be remembered, had embarked upon a policy and launched a programme in which Muslims felt that their religion, language and culture were not safe. This blatantly aggressive Congress policy was seized upon by Jinnah to awaken the Muslims to a new consciousness, organize them on all-India platform, and make them a power to be reckoned with. He also gave coherence, direction and articulation to their innermost, yet vague, urges and aspirations. Above all, he filled them with his indomitable will, his own unflinching faith in their destiny.

The New Awakening

As a result of Jinnah's ceaseless efforts, the Muslims awakened from what Professor Baker calls (their) "unreflective silence" (in which they had so complacently basked for long decades), and to "the spiritual essence of nationality" that had existed among them for a pretty long time. Roused by the impact of successive Congress hammerings, the Muslims, as Ambedkar (principal author of independent India's Constitution) says, "searched their social consciousness in a desperate attempt to find coherent and meaningful articulation to their cherished yearnings. To their great relief, they discovered that their sentiments of nationality had flamed into nationalism". In addition, not only had they developed" the will to live as a "nation", had also endowed them with a territory which they could occupy and make a State as well as a cultural home for the newly discovered nation. These two pre-requisites provided the Muslims with the intellectual justification for claiming a distinct nationalism (apart from Indian or Hindu nationalism) for themselves. So that when, after their long pause, the Muslims gave expression to their innermost yearnings, these turned out to be in favour of a separate Muslim nationhood and of a separate Muslim state.

Demand for Pakistan

"We are a nation", they claimed in the ever eloquent words of the Quaid-i-Azam- "We are a nation with our own distinctive culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of values and proportion, legal laws and moral code, customs and calendar, history and tradition, aptitudes and ambitions; in short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of life. By all canons of international law, we are a nation". The formulation of the Muslim demand for Pakistan in 1940 had a tremendous impact on the nature and course of Indian politics. On the one hand, it shattered for ever the Hindu dreams of a pseudo-Indian, in fact, Hindu empire on British exit from India: on the other, it heralded an era of Islamic renaissance and creativity in which the Indian Muslims were to be active participants. The Hindu reaction was quick, bitter, and malicious.

Equally hostile were the British to the Muslim demand, their hostility having stemmed from their belief that the unity of India was their main achievement and their foremost contribution. The irony was that both the Hindus and the British had not anticipated the astonishingly tremendous response that the Pakistan demand had elicited from the Muslim masses. Above all, they failed to realize how a hundred million people had suddenly become supremely conscious of their distinct nationhood and their high destiny. In channeling the course of Muslim politics towards Pakistan, no less than in directing it towards its consummation in the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, none played a more decisive role than did Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It was his powerful advocacy of the case of Pakistan and his remarkable strategy in the delicate negotiations that followed the formulation of the Pakistan demand, particularly in the post-war period, that made Pakistan inevitable.

Cripps Scheme

While the British reaction to the Pakistan demand came in the form of the Cripps offer of April, 1942, which conceded the principle of self-determination to provinces on a territorial basis, the Rajaji Formula (called after the eminent Congress leader C.Rajagopalacharia, which became the basis of prolonged Jinnah-Gandhi talks in September, 1944), represented the Congress alternative to Pakistan. The Cripps offer was rejected because it did not concede the Muslim demand the whole way, while the Rajaji Formula was found unacceptable since it offered a "moth-eaten, mutilated" Pakistan and the too appended with a plethora of pre-conditions which made its emergence in any shape remote, if not altogether impossible. Cabinet Mission, the most delicate as well as the most tortuous negotiations, however, took place during 1946-47, after the elections which showed that the country was sharply and somewhat evenly divided between two parties- the Congress and the League- and that the central issue in Indian politics was Pakistan.

These negotiations began with the arrival, in March 1946, of a three-member British Cabinet Mission. The crucial task with which the Cabinet Mission was entrusted was that of devising in consultation with the various political parties, constitution-making machinery, and of setting up a popular interim government. But, because the Congress-League gulf could not be bridged, despite the Mission's (and the Viceroy's) prolonged efforts, the Mission had to make its own proposals in May, 1946. Known as the Cabinet Mission Plan, these proposals stipulated a limited centre, supreme only in foreign affairs, defense and communications and three autonomous groups of provinces. Two of these groups were to have Muslim majorities in the north-west and the north-east of the subcontinent, while the third one, comprising the Indian mainland, was to have a Hindu majority. A consummate statesman that he was, Jinnah saw his chance. He interpreted the clauses relating to a limited centre and the grouping as "the foundation of Pakistan", and induced the Muslim League Council to accept the Plan in June 1946; and this he did much against the calculations of the Congress and to its utter dismay.

Tragically though, the League's acceptance was put down to its supposed weakness and the Congress put up a posture of defiance, designed to swamp the League into submitting to its dictates and its interpretations of the plan. Faced thus, what alternative had Jinnah and the League but to rescind their earlier acceptance, reiterate and reaffirm their original stance, and decide to launch direct action (if need be) to wrest Pakistan. The way Jinnah maneuvered to turn the tide of events at a time when all seemed lost indicated, above all, his masterly grasp of the situation and his adeptness at making strategic and tactical moves.

Partition Plan

Partition Plan By the close of 1946, the communal riots had flared up to murderous heights, engulfing almost the entire subcontinent. The two peoples, it seemed, were engaged in a fight to the finish. The time for a peaceful transfer of power was fast running out. Realizing the gravity of the situation. His Majesty's Government sent down to India a new Viceroy- Lord Mountbatten. His protracted negotiations with the various political leaders resulted in 3 June (1947) Plan by which the British decided to partition the subcontinent, and hand over power to two successor States on 15 August, 1947. The plan was duly accepted by the three Indian parties to the dispute- the Congress the League and the Akali Dal (representing the Sikhs).

Leader of a Free Nation

In recognition of his singular contribution, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was nominated by the Muslim League as the Governor-General of Pakistan, while the Congress appointed Mountbatten as India's first Governor-General. Pakistan, it has been truly said, was born in virtual chaos. Indeed, few nations in the world have started on their career with less resources and in more treacherous circumstances. The new nation did not inherit a central government, a capital, an administrative core, or an organized defence force. The Punjab holocaust had left vast areas in a shambles with communications disrupted. This, alongwith the en masse migration of the Hindu and Sikh business and managerial classes, left the economy almost shattered.

The treasury was empty, India having denied Pakistan the major share of its cash balances. On top of all this, the still unorganized nation was called upon to feed some eight million refugees who had fled the insecurities and barbarities of the north Indian plains that long, hot summer. If all this was symptomatic of Pakistan's administrative and economic weakness, the Indian annexation, through military action in November 1947, of Junagadh (which had originally acceded to Pakistan) and the Kashmir war over the State's accession (October 1947-December 1948) exposed her military weakness. In the circumstances, therefore, it was nothing short of a miracle that Pakistan survived at all. That it survived and forged ahead was mainly due to one man-Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The nation desperately needed a charismatic leader at that critical juncture in the nation's history, and he fulfilled that need profoundly. After all, he was more than a mere Governor-General: he was the Quaid-i-Azam who had brought the State into being.

In the ultimate analysis, his very presence at the helm of affairs was responsible for enabling the newly born nation to overcome the terrible crisis on the morrow of its cataclysmic birth. He mustered up the immense prestige and the unquestioning loyalty he commanded among the people to energize them, to raise their morale, to raise the profound feelings of patriotism that the freedom had generated, along constructive channels. Though tired and in poor health, Jinnah yet carried the heaviest part of the burden in that first crucial year. He laid down the policies of the new state, called attention to the immediate problems confronting the nation and told the members of the Constituent Assembly, the civil servants and the Armed Forces what to do and what the nation expected of them. He saw to it that law and order was maintained at all costs, despite the provocation that the large-scale riots in north India had provided. He moved from Karachi to Lahore for a while and supervised the immediate refugee problem in the Punjab. In a time of fierce excitement, he remained sober, cool and steady. He advised his excited audience in Lahore to concentrate on helping the refugees, to avoid retaliation, exercise restraint and protect the minorities. He assured the minorities of a fair deal, assuaged their inured sentiments, and gave them hope and comfort. He toured the various provinces, attended to their particular problems and instilled in the people a sense of belonging. He reversed the British policy in the North-West Frontier and ordered the withdrawal of the troops from the tribal territory of Waziristan, thereby making the Pathans feel themselves an integral part of Pakistan's body-politics. He created a new Ministry of States and Frontier Regions, and assumed responsibility for ushering in a new era in Balochistan. He settled the controversial question of the states of Karachi, secured the accession of States, especially of Kalat which seemed problematical and carried on negotiations with Lord Mountbatten for the settlement of the Kashmir Issue.

The Quaid's last Message

It was, therefore, with a sense of supreme satisfaction at the fulfillment of his mission that Jinnah told the nation in his last message on 14 August, 1948: "The foundations of your State have been laid and it is now for you to build and build as quickly and as well as you can". In accomplishing the task he had taken upon himself on the morrow of Pakistan's birth, Jinnah had worked himself to death, but he had, to quote Richard Symons, "contributed more than any other man to Pakistan's survival". He died on 11 September, 1948.

A man such as Jinnah, who had fought for the inherent rights of his people all through his life and who had taken up the somewhat unconventional and the largely misinterpreted cause of Pakistan, was bound to generate violent opposition and excite implacable hostility and was likely to be largely misunderstood. But what is most remarkable about Jinnah is that he was the recipient of some of the greatest tributes paid to any one in modern times, some of them even from those who held a diametrically opposed viewpoint.

The Aga Khan considered him "the greatest man he ever met", Beverley Nichols, the author of `Verdict on India', called him "the most important man in Asia", and Dr. Kailashnath Katju, the West Bengal Governor in 1948, thought of him as "an outstanding figure of this century not only in India, but in the whole world". While Abdul Rahman Azzam Pasha, Secretary General of the Arab League, called him "one of the greatest leaders in the Muslim world", the Grand Mufti of Palestine considered his death as a "great loss" to the entire world of Islam. It was, however, given to Surat Chandra Bose, leader of the Forward Bloc wing of the Indian National Congress, to sum up succinctly his personal and political achievements. "Mr Jinnah" he said on his death in 1948, "was great as a lawyer, once great as a Congressman, great as a leader of Muslims, great as a world politician and diplomat, and greatest of all as a man of action. By Mr. Jinnah's passing away, the world has lost one of the greatest statesmen and Pakistan its life-giver, philosopher and guide". Such was Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the man and his mission, such the range of his accomplishments and achievements.

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Quaid-e-azam: The Father Of The Pakistani Nation

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• Topic: Pakistan , Quaid E Azam

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