why do some business plan fail explain

8 Reasons Business Plans Fail That No One Wants to Talk About

Danielle Hendricks

8 min. read

Updated October 27, 2023

As a full-time editor and academic mentor at an academic writing service, I have read hundreds of business plans over the years. To help students and startups, I have compiled a list of reasons business plans are rejected or given a low grade.

Of course, there are obvious reasons that business plans fail. For example, missing crucial deadlines for finishing the business plan, or drawing hockey stick profit projections can repel potential investors.

However, there are also less nuanced and more subtle reasons that investors and banks lose interest. These tips can help you avoid the minute and often overlooked mistakes that people make when writing a business plan. When investors and banks see hundreds of business plans every month, a small mistake can lead to a business plan being thrown in the rejection pile.

• The top 8 reasons business plans fail

1. Bad business ideas

Nobody likes to talk about it, but the main reason why business plans fail is bad ideas. Most ideas look great on paper—but all too often, companies realize they have invested in a bad idea once it is too late.

To avoid this, smart businesses are using “user-driven development” (UDD) to build new businesses. Lots of ideas seem great until you figure out that the market doesn’t actually want your product. In order to ensure that a business idea is sound, entrepreneurs should search for product validation by reaching out to their target consumers before sinking huge amounts of time and money into the project.

At Stanford University’s d-school , the designers use UDD to develop products that are user-centered. Firms that want to innovate with a focus on customers often hold small meetings with the potential end users where they describe the project and then ask users for their opinions.

After the first round of discussion, the firm can go back to the drawing board to incorporate the helpful feedback. Second and even third rounds can enhance the final product’s popularity. For example, The Embrace Warmer was created by asking mothers with premature babies what they disliked about traditional infant incubators in hospital maternity wards.

The mothers responded that not being able to hold their baby was the worst part of the experience. By focusing on the needs of the end-user, the developers of The Embrace—who were also students at Stanford—were able to create a highly demanded and successful business plan. Avoid wasting time on a bad business plan by gauging the market sentiment toward your project before investing a significant amount of time and effort.

2. Employee compensation is not incentive compatible

Business plans can fail because employees are not compensated in a way that aligns the goal of the employee with the goals of the company. In game theory, a contract is an incentive compatible if “every participant can achieve the best outcome to him/herself just by acting according to his/her true preferences” (Nisan and Roughgarden, 2007). For example, if an employee is paid with annual or monthly bonuses then the employee will only do what is good for the company in the short run.

In 2015, Forbes released a nice article on different salary packages for different company goals. One option is to offer tailored benefits to the employee. Startups and small businesses can offer more customized salary packages than large multinational corporations.

For example, instead of offering a standard salary package of retirement plans, child-care assistance, savings program, determine what the employee wants the most. For example, elderly employees may not be motivated by child-care assistance, so don’t focus on that in their package. Secondly, instead of offering an upfront payment of 2 percent of the company’s stock, offer a salary that pays that 2 percent over several years to ensure that the employee stays committed in the long-run.

3. No exit strategy for firing lazy co-founders

Anyone who has started a company knows that team conflicts are inevitable. A good business plan should have a step-by-step procedure for handling internal disputes. First of all, each co-founder should have a specific set of responsibilities with deadlines and consequences for failing to meet those deadlines.

Choosing the right co-founder is as important as choosing the right spouse. During the first few years, you may end up spending more time with the co-founder than anyone else. First, you have to know what are your own strengths and weaknesses. Try to find a partner that diversifies your skill set. Also, ask for references. Try to find out who they worked for previously, how they got along with their coworkers, and why they left.

Another way to help alleviate this problem is by delineating roles and delegating tasks. However, if a team member just does not have the time or the competence to achieve the goals specific to their role, then the company should have a polite but quick method for ending the relationship. Mentioning how these types of situations will be handled in the business plan is important because hurt feelings and vindictive ex-owners can damage the firm’s reputation and profitability.

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4. The team is not balanced

Another problem that I often notice on business plans is that the team is not balanced.

Company culture is an often underestimated challenge. I have read several business plans that present a compelling argument for a new product; however, the majority of plans fail to put together a team that has the competencies required to actually execute the business plan.

For example, I recently read a tech business plan that was making a health application for smartphones. However, the team did not have a single developer or IT specialist involved. If the business idea requires 80 percent of the labor hours to be performed by a software programmer, then the team needs at least one developer onboard. It is important to keep in mind that venture capitalists sometimes refuse to fund companies that only have one founder or have unbalanced teams.

5. Detailed financial projections are missing

The majority of business plans that I have been asked to edit have conveniently left out the balance sheet, cash flow statement, profit and loss statement, and income statement . The “numbers” are actually the most interesting part of the entire document for most investors. Break-even and return-on-investment (ROI) calculations are also parts of a good business plan.

My favorite tool for ensuring that I have decent estimations and great charts are the business calculators here on Bplans . Make sure to consider how legal costs and taxes will deduct from the bottom line.

Do not forget to factor in future expenses. For example, if the company needs to purchase new office equipment every three years, then the discounted value of those expenses should be included in the forecasted financial projections. Of course, the figures are only estimates, but they are important benchmarks that can be used to measure the company’s progress toward achieving their goals.

6. Spelling and grammar mistakes

Every time that I read a new business plan, my first step is to read each sentence out loud. In order to stop my mind from automatically filling in the correct spelling and grammar, I start by reading the last sentence on the page and working my way backward to the first sentence on the page. If you want to be 100 percent certain that there are no spelling errors, then consider hiring a professional editor to review your business plan.

Although some people think hiring a professional editor is “over the top,” the reality is that the most competitive firms have a professional editor review all of their documents for accuracy. If a bank or investor reads a business plan with typos, they will start to wonder if the entrepreneur is competent enough to run a successful business.

7. False assumptions

One of the final mistakes that students and startups make is falsely assuming the values of their investors and the values of their end-users, with some of the most common false assumptions being about their political or religious affiliation. This can be game over for successful companies, so startups should be especially careful.

Several examples exist of people that falsely assumed that their opinions were not controversial or were held by the majority. For example, Matt Harrigan, CEO of the startup Packetsled, stepped down after his comments about President Trump .

One piece of advice that my dad gave me can be helpful for writing business plans: “Opinions are like armpits. Everybody’s got them, and they all stink.”

The main point is that entrepreneurs and students who are writing a business plan should do their own research about the background of their potential investors and lenders. This ensures that you will have as much information as possible before pitching or handing over a business plan.

8. Failure to improve business plan after receiving feedback

Once you have finished writing your business plan, it is a good idea to send it out to at least three people before showing it to potential investors.

Think of these three people as your board of advisors. Ask them to read the plan and look for logical gaps in the content. If one advisor recommends a change that you disagree with, do not ignore his advice. Instead, ask the other advisors for their opinions and then make a decision. Edit your plan according to their constructive criticism, and thank them for their help.

See why 1.2 million entrepreneurs have written their business plans with LivePlan

Danielle Hendricks is an academic mentor at ACAD WRITE . In her free time, she is known for writing outgoing and funky pieces about the startup scene in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

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Why Businesses Fail: 6 Common Reasons Explained

April 14, 2024

by Richard Jackson

In this post

Reasons why businesses fail, 1. losing the lead in innovation, 2. poor strategic decisions, 3. reacting too slowly, 4. marketing strategy not aligned with industry trends, 5. unsuitable company culture and losing the talent war, 6. product or service quality issues, how to protect your market share.

Change is the new constant for businesses.

Entire industries can be disrupted seemingly overnight due to constant changes in technology, consumer behavior , and the market itself. Companies that fail to keep up with the shifting tides risk getting left behind.

Over the last two decades, the business landscape has transformed, leading to the disappearance of 52% of the Fortune 500 companies and 72% of the original FTSE 100 companies from 1984.

This trend of business decline and failure is not slowing down; it's expected to accelerate, driven by the ongoing digital revolution, which offers established enterprises and new market entrants unparalleled opportunities to disrupt the status quo and capture market share. 

However, it also creates a competitive terrain for businesses to navigate through. 

This article will examine the six fundamental reasons that contribute to the decline or failure of businesses, ranging from innovation gaps to strategic missteps, and the critical importance of staying agile in a rapidly changing digital economy.

Businesses, particularly startups, face an uphill battle for success. A number of factors can contribute to their downfall — from poor decision making and misaligned market strategy to unsuitable company culture and product quality issues.

Understanding these common pitfalls is essential for anyone looking to navigate the often choppy waters of the modern business world.

When companies have dominated a static marketplace over a long time, overconfidence and complacency are to be expected. What’s worked for years should surely work for years to come.

But that's not always the case.

According to a  survey by McKinsey, 94% of executives aren’t satisfied with innovation performance within their organization. Only a third of UK business leaders believe they’re innovating successfully enough to generate revenue or reasonable growth.

Just because a company was successful and innovative once doesn’t mean they’ll be able to maintain it. This can be due to various factors, including internal culture problems, budget issues, insufficient strategy and vision, and an inability to act on signals crucial to the future of the business.

Resting on your laurels in the fast-moving digital economy is effectively waiting to be disrupted by established companies and new industry entrants. Failure to innovate, enhance, or evolve your products or services represents a significant risk.

Success and failure ultimately rests on the effectiveness of a business’s decisions.

Whether it’s entering into a new partnership, expanding through investment and acquisitions, adjusting pricing points, or launching and removing products, the wrong choices can halt progress and see a once-thriving organization go backward.

A global survey by McKinsey suggests that only 5% of leaders believe their organization excels at decision making. What’s more troubling is that 70% of business leaders would rather delegate this responsibility to a robot.

So why do organizations make poor strategic decisions? Why does a company overextend itself or get key choices all wrong? It often boils down to a lack of quality data to make objective decisions.

It’s estimated that over 80% of companies lack real-time insight and instead rely on outdated data. What’s the consequence? A similar percentage of businesses are making wrong or sub-optimum strategic decisions and, therefore, losing revenue.

Without sufficient data, decisions default to experience or intuition, increasing the margin for human error. Poor strategic decisions by key stakeholders are a significant burden on organizations. Industry research suggests that 61% of companies have missed a strategic opportunity or suffered a financial setback because they didn’t adequately understand the competitive landscape. The potential cost? It’s estimated that for a typical Fortune 500 company, it’s 530,000 days of managers’ time each year or around $250 million in annual wages!

Every organization in the world has the potential to be affected by changes in the market.

That could be a change in a competitor’s product, marketing or sales strategy, a new product, feature, or service entering the market, or legal and political updates, such as new legislation.

All businesses need to be ready to adapt to survive. But even that may not be enough. History is littered with examples of businesses that have reacted to threats and opportunities in their market but done so too slowly to halt a decline in revenue.

In the digital economy, where changes occur more frequently than ever before, the risks are endless. Businesses can encounter threats from three potential sources.

First up are established players who can quickly steal a march with their vast resources and expertise. The next is the risk from established giants in other industries. According to a PWC’s Future of Industries survey , 56% of CEOs believe a large existing player from another industry will move into their industry.

Finally, 50 million start-ups are launched every year across multiple industries. These smaller, more nimble, and risk-taking businesses can move and react much faster than their larger counterparts, putting the latter at risk of decline.

In many instances, organizations either know about the impending threats and do little to counter them or are unaware of what’s about to happen. Either way, by the time they react, the market has already been disrupted, leaving them to play catch up.

Technology isn’t the only factor altering the business landscape. The world is ever-changing, and so are consumers’ values, cultural norms, and behaviors.

In recent years, we’ve seen attitudes change towards environmental issues, mental health, gender equality, and more. Accenture research shows that around 70% of millennial consumers will choose a brand over another if it demonstrates inclusion and diversity in its promotions.

A Nielsen study also revealed that 73% of millennials will spend more on a product from a sustainable and socially conscious brand. At the same time, 81% expect the brands they buy into to be transparent in their marketing.

All of these cultural, attitudinal, and behavioral changes have played a big role in how organizations are marketed. But for every good example, there are plenty of established brands that have misjudged the prevailing sentiment of the time.

Millions have been spent on marketing campaigns — from strategy to execution to media budget — only to have been withdrawn in the face of public backlash. While many of those brands have been stable or big enough to withstand the financial impact, others haven’t fared so well.

There are notable examples of businesses declining rapidly following a marketing misstep and misjudged strategy. It costs businesses revenue and people their jobs and gives rival businesses opportunities to move ahead in the market.

About 94% of entrepreneurs and 88% of job seekers say that a healthy culture at work is vital for success.

For businesses that get the culture right, the rewards are clear. They’re able to recruit and retain the best people. But for those who get it wrong, the costs can have catastrophic consequences.

A report by SHRM in 2019 shows that bad work culture cost American businesses $223 billion in the preceding five years alone! But what does it mean for individual businesses?

An inability to hire, or hire well, will also cost businesses thousands. The estimated cost of a bad hire is £30,000 ($38,000). This leads to more time wasted in the market and sky-high fees for recruiters. Likewise, if the broader company culture has significant problems, it can trigger a talent exodus and accelerate a company’s decline.

We live in an age of transparency thanks to review sites, social media, and other forms of user-generated content . As a result, both positive (philanthropic activities or training opportunities) and negative cultural traits bullying or limited opportunities) are more visible in the public realm. The leadership styles that were acceptable 20 years ago are no longer fit for purpose.

Complacency is one of the biggest factors in declining companies.

If the quality of their product or customer service doesn’t get the care, attention, and investment it requires, it will inevitably lose its relevance to the people who once used it.

Even a gradual decline in quality is likely to tarnish customer perceptions and undermine the proposition that the company has been built on. As customer satisfaction falls, they’re more likely to voice their concerns and opinions via the plethora of online platforms they have access to.

The damage to the brand and brand loyalty can push once prominent organizations to lose their position in the market

In many cases, the quality issues aren’t always a decline but rather a case of standing still while the market moves forward. A failure to embrace the latest technological trends, for example, could cause a product to lose relevance to consumers who are ready for more advanced solutions to their problems.

This is naturally compounded by the activity of competitors or new entrants in the market that have developed modern, forward-thinking propositions that offer the best quality service and experience.

A good example of this is businesses that have failed to digitize their offline processes or experiences.

So, what lessons can a business learn to best protect its market share?

In short, a business’s proposition should be an evolving entity. Because, in 10 or 20 years, it’s likely to be a very different proposition that dominates the market. If you don’t invest in and develop what you offer, or you’re not willing to disrupt yourself, another business will.

But how do you make the right investments? How do you ensure you don’t reinvent yourself at the wrong time—as many brands have done before?

The key is to keep listening and learning, staying close to your customer base. You can do that through surveys and review scores, as well as by monitoring their sentiment towards your brand and that of your competitors. Recognizing how they’re feeling and talking about the products and services in your market can help you identify and solve their issues.

It’s also essential to monitor the competitive landscape, analyzing what other businesses offer and what they do to innovate. It can help you identify threats to your market share and unexplored opportunities that can fuel your growth.

Finally, as we operate in this new digital era, staying abreast of technological advancements is vital. You must embrace the right innovations in your proposition and the processes behind them. Digitizing your business, products, services, and experiences can save people time and effort, which will help you stay relevant in the years to come.

Closing thoughts

The decline or failure of businesses can often be traced back to a combination of the six reasons outlined above. 

To thrive in the current business environment, companies must prioritize continuous innovation, make informed strategic decisions, remain agile and responsive to market changes, align marketing strategies with contemporary consumer values, cultivate a positive company culture, and uphold the highest standards of product or service quality. The digital age presents both challenges and opportunities, and success belongs to those who can navigate these waters with foresight, agility, and a commitment to continuous improvement.

Learn how competitive intelligence in SaaS has evolved and gain an edge in the industry.

Edited by Jigmee Bhutia

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Richard Jackson is the Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder of WatchMyCompetitor (WMC) , a London-based competitor intelligence solution company. He was previously Chief Technology Officer for CitiGroup’s Corporate Bank.

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1. Financing Hurdles

2. inadequate management, 3. ineffective business planning, 4. marketing mishaps.

• Small Business Failure FAQs
• Small Business
• How to Start a Business

The 4 Most Common Reasons a Small Business Fails

Running a small business is not for the faint of heart

Running a business is not for the faint of heart; entrepreneurship is inherently risky. Successful business owners must possess the ability to mitigate company-specific risks while simultaneously bringing a product or service to market at a price point that meets consumer demand levels.

While there are a number of small businesses in a broad range of industries that perform well and are continuously profitable, about 33% of small businesses fail in the first two years, around 50% go belly up after five years, and roughly 33% make it to 10 years or longer, according to the Small Business Administration (SBA) .

To safeguard a new or established business, it is necessary to understand what can lead to business failure and how each obstacle can be managed or avoided altogether. The most common reasons small businesses fail include a lack of capital or funding, retaining an inadequate management team, a faulty infrastructure or business model, and unsuccessful marketing initiatives.

Key Takeaways

• Running out of money is a small business’s biggest risk. Owners often know what funds are needed day to day but are unclear as to how much revenue is being generated, and the disconnect can be disastrous.
• Inexperience managing a business—or an unwillingness to delegate—can negatively impact small businesses, as can a poorly visualized business plan, which can lead to ongoing problems once the firm is operational.
• Poorly planned or executed marketing campaigns, or a lack of adequate marketing and publicity, are among the other issues that drag down small businesses.

A primary reason why small businesses fail is a lack of funding or working capital . In most instances a business owner is intimately aware of how much money is needed to keep operations running on a day-to-day basis, including funding payroll; paying fixed and varied overhead expenses, such as rent and utilities; and ensuring that outside vendors are paid on time; however, owners of failing companies are less in tune with how much revenue is generated by sales of products or services. This disconnect leads to funding shortfalls that can quickly put a small business out of operation.

A second reason is business owners who miss the mark on pricing products and services. To beat out the competition in highly saturated industries , companies may price a product or service far lower than similar offerings, with the intent to entice new customers.

While the strategy is successful in some cases, businesses that end up closing their doors are those that keep the price of a product or service too low for too long. When the costs of production, marketing, and delivery outweigh the revenue generated from new sales, small businesses have little choice but to close down.

The Small Business Administration (SBA) helps small businesses find loans for different needs, offering a variety of loan programs.

Small companies in the startup phase can face challenges in terms of obtaining financing in order to bring a new product to market, fund an expansion, or pay for ongoing marketing costs. While angel investors, venture capitalists, and conventional bank loans are among the funding sources available to small businesses, not every company has the revenue stream or growth trajectory needed to secure major financing from them. Without an influx of funding for large projects or ongoing working capital needs, small businesses are forced to close their doors.

To help a small business manage common financing hurdles, business owners should first establish a realistic budget for company operations and be willing to provide some capital from their own coffers during the startup or expansion phase.

It is imperative to research and secure financing options from multiple outlets before the funding is actually necessary. When the time comes to obtain funding, business owners should already have a variety of sources they can tap for capital.

Another common reason small businesses fail is a lack of business acumen on the part of the management team or business owner. In some instances, a business owner is the only senior-level person within a company, especially when a business is in its first year or two of operation.

While the owner may have the skills necessary to create and sell a viable product or service, they often lack the attributes of a strong manager and don't have the time to successfully oversee other employees. Without a dedicated management team, a business owner has greater potential to mismanage certain aspects of the business, whether it be finances, hiring, or marketing.

Most small businesses start out with the entrepreneur's savings or money from friends and family and then look for outside financing to grow.

Smart business owners outsource the activities they do not perform well or have little time to successfully carry through. A strong management team is one of the first additions a small business needs to continue operations well into the future. It is important for business owners to feel comfortable with the level of understanding each manager has regarding the business’ operations, current and future employees, and products or services.

Small businesses often overlook the importance of effective business planning prior to opening their doors. A sound business plan should include, at a minimum:

• A clear description of the business
• Current and future employee and management needs
• Opportunities and threats within the broader market
• Capital needs, including projected cash flow and various budgets
• Marketing initiatives
• Competitor analysis

Business owners who fail to address the needs of the business through a well-laid-out plan before operations begin are setting up their companies for serious challenges. Similarly, a business that does not regularly review an initial business plan—or one that is not prepared to adapt to changes in the market or industry—meets potentially insurmountable obstacles throughout the course of its lifetime.

To avoid pitfalls associated with business plans, entrepreneurs should have a solid understanding of their industry and competition before starting a company. A company’s specific business model and infrastructure should be established long before products or services are offered to customers, and potential revenue streams should be realistically projected well in advance. Creating and maintaining a business plan is key to running a successful company for the long term.

Business owners often fail to prepare for the marketing needs of a company in terms of capital required, prospect reach, and accurate conversion-ratio projections. When companies underestimate the total cost of early marketing campaigns , it can be difficult to secure financing or redirect capital from other business departments to make up for the shortfall.

Getting your company's name in front of your customers is a crucial aspect of any early-stage business. It is necessary for companies to ensure that they have established realistic budgets for current and future marketing needs.

Similarly, having realistic projections in terms of target audience reach and sales conversion ratios is critical to marketing campaign success. Businesses that do not understand these aspects of sound marketing strategies are more likely to fail than companies that take the time to create and implement cost-effective, successful campaigns.

What Is the Small Business Failure Rate?

Approximately 33% of small businesses fail in the first two years, 50% fail within five years, and 33% make it to 10 years and further.

What Are Some Signs That Your Business Is Failing?

Signs that a business is failing include small levels or lack of cash, inability to pay back loans on time, inability to pay suppliers on time, customers that pay late, loss of clientele, and an unclear business strategy.

Small Business Administration. " Frequently Asked Questions ," Page 2.

• How to Grow a Successful Business 1 of 28
• The Basics of Financing a Business 2 of 28
• Factor Definition: Requirements, Benefits, and Example 3 of 28
• How Much Working Capital Does a Small Business Need? 4 of 28
• How to Sell Stock in Your Company 5 of 28
• How SBA Loans Can Help Your Small Business 6 of 28
• 4 Steps to Getting a Small Business Loan Without Collateral 7 of 28
• 5 Biggest Challenges Facing Your Small Business 8 of 28
• Simple Ways to Keep Your Business Going in Hard Times 9 of 28
• 7 Popular Marketing Techniques for Small Businesses 10 of 28
• Small Business Is All About Relationships 11 of 28
• Balance Sheet vs. Profit and Loss Statement: What’s the Difference? 12 of 28
• Lines of Credit: When to Use Them and When to Avoid Them 13 of 28
• How to Accept Credit Card Payments 14 of 28
• Using a Business Credit Card 15 of 28
• best business credit cards 16 of 28
• Best Small Business Bank Accounts for May 2024 17 of 28
• The Cost of Hiring a New Employee 18 of 28
• Raise vs. Bonus for Your Small Business Employees 19 of 28
• Outsourcing: How It Works in Business, With Examples 20 of 28
• Commercial Health Insurance: Definition, Types, and Examples 21 of 28
• Best Health Insurance Companies for Small Businesses for 2024 22 of 28
• Qualified Small Employer Health Reimbursement Arrangement (QSEHRA) 23 of 28
• Best Small Business Insurance Companies for May 2024 24 of 28
• Best Professional Liability Insurance 25 of 28
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Why do business plans fail?

Table of Contents

Bad product ideas

Poor partnerships , a lack of detail , unrealistic financial planning , how a simple app can help improve your business plan.

Unfortunately, not every business will be a success. The failure of businesses is usually due to some issue in their business plan, and there are hundreds of different issues a business plan could have.

This article will describe some of the most common reasons a business plan might fail and how you can avoid them. We’ll look at common pitfalls such as:

• Poor partnerships
• A lack of detail
• Unrealistic financial planning

Sometimes, a business plan fails simply because it focuses on bad product ideas. A bad product idea means that the product or service your business specialises in does not sell well, and the lack of sales leads to an income problem for your business.

Business plans containing bad product ideas usually come about due to a misunderstanding of the term ‘ unique selling point ’. A unique selling point is what makes your product stand out from the products of the competition. It’s a feature that makes the product better as well as being unique. 

Many bad product ideas come from individuals that focus too much on the ‘unique’ part of the term unique selling point. While it is important to have a different product from anything else on the market, make sure you also know what your customers want from a product .

While it’s nice to have help running your business, it’s important to find the right person for the job before you write a contract for a business partnership . If you create a business plan as a partnership and your partner fails to fulfil their responsibilities, your business will struggle to succeed.

There are three things you may want to consider if you’re trying to avoid poor partnerships. The first is your partner’s skill set: look for someone with talents related to your business idea as well as talents you don’t possess. It’s helpful to have a diverse collection of skills within your business. 

Secondly, make sure your potential partner is as passionate about the business as you are. If they aren’t, you may find that you end up doing most of the work or that they leave the business as soon as things become difficult. While measuring passion and emotional investment is challenging, finding a business partner that matches your feelings regarding your business plan is vital.

Finally, create an exit strategy. While you may have found a perfect business partner, you never know what difficulties you’ll encounter in the future. So make sure you know what to do if there is an internal conflict in your company that you can’t resolve peacefully.

When you write a business plan , you need to make sure that you plan for almost anything. One of the biggest reasons business plans fail is because they don’t account for certain situations.

It’s impossible to plan for truly unexpected problems, but a detailed business plan will account for most situations by listing off your company’s weaknesses during a SWOT analysis . SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and it’s a standard part of most business plans. 

By using SWOT to list weaknesses in your business plan and potential threats to your success, you can start planning ways to deal with problems. For instance, you might identify a lack of sales as a potential threat. To account for this, you could invest in marketing or reduce your prices. If your business plan doesn’t account for these sorts of situations, it increases its chances of failure. 

Another reason for lack of detail in a business plan is low-quality research or not performing research at all. Without researching the market and industry you operate in, you’ll struggle to learn about your competitors or understand your customers’ needs. Thorough research is an essential part of avoiding business plan failure.

Financial planning is essential in business. You might not know the future of your business, but with a decent financial plan, you’ll be able to avoid most obstacles to success. If your financial plan is poorly thought-out or unrealistic, though, it might not be as valuable.

Financial plans are all about mapping out your company’s growth. If you’re too optimistic about this growth, it can cause serious problems. Unrealistic expectations can cause unprepared businesses to go bankrupt very quickly.

For example, say you expect to be making £1,000 a week in sales revenue by your second week of business. Your financial plan relies on this for you to pay rent and buy supplies. If it gets to that week and you’re only making £500, you’ll not be able to pay the bills that allow your business to operate. 

To avoid these problems, try lowering your expectations. Even if you think you have a fantastic product idea, it’s better to prepare for the worst than plan for the best and run into trouble. If you create a conservative financial plan that expects some success but accounts for things like low sales, your business plan is much less likely to fail. 

One of the biggest parts of your business plan is the financial aspect. To create a business plan that’s unlikely to fail, you’ll need to make sure you have a good understanding of accounting and a way to track how you’re spending your money.

The Countingup app offers built-in accounting software with its business account so that you can manage all your financial data in one place. 

With additional features like automatic expense categorisation, invoicing on the go, receipt capture tools, tax estimates, and cash flow insights, you can confidently keep on top of your business finances wherever you are. 

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4 Common Reasons Strategies Fail

• Andrea Belk Olson

Stop blaming execution, and start identifying the underlying flaws.

Just because a strategy is formulated, doesn’t mean it’s ready for hand-off to the front-line for execution. Instead of reactively addressing failures during implementation, leaders need to examine whether the strategy was on solid footing in the first place. This requires stripping away assumptions to avoid four core errors, which often plague a strategy’s feasibility for being put in practice: 1) not understanding the problem; 2) not understanding the organization’s capabilities; 3) not understanding the immovable pressures; and 4) not understanding the cultural landscape. Examine whether the strategy considers the context in which it must be executed, as this is where uncertainty proliferates, and address potential pitfalls preemptively. This will ensure the team has the tools to deliver the hoped-for results. Successful strategy execution is a product of the fastidiousness of the plan itself.

Business strategies often fail. This is well-know by now: According to studies , some 60–90% of strategic plans never fully launch . The causes of derailment vary widely, but execution consistently bears the blame. While that can be — and perhaps often is — a fair diagnosis, it isn’t the whole story. The strategy design itself can be the real problem, however difficult that might be to admit.

• Andrea Belk Olson is a differentiation strategist , speaker, author, and customer-centricity expert. She is the CEO of Pragmadik, a behavioral science driven change agency, and has served as an outside consultant for EY and McKinsey. She is the author of 3 books, a 4-time ADDY® award winner, and contributing author for Entrepreneur Magazine , Rotman Management Magazine, Chief Executive Magazine , and Customer Experience Magazine .

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20 reasons why small businesses fail and how to avoid them.

The failure rate of small businesses is significant—as many as 45% of start-ups don’t survive the first 5 years. 1 Exploding Topics, Startup Failure Rate Statistics . So why do so many businesses fail? The primary causes of business failure are cash flow problems, poor financial planning, and a lack of market awareness.

We’ll explore 20 reasons why small businesses fail so you can avoid common pitfalls and develop a strategy to help your business grow and thrive.

Key Takeaways 

• Most small businesses fail within the first 10 years.
• Common financial reasons include poor pricing strategies, insufficient funds, and cash flow.
• Creating a clear business plan can help small business owners avoid common failures.
• Understanding your target market is key to creating a good business strategy.

Table of Contents

• Lack of Planning
• Choice of Location
• Lack of Research
• No Business Plan
• Poor Pricing Strategy
• Insufficient Funds
• Cash Flow Problems
• Poor Debt Management
• Dependence on One Customer
• Inadequate Profit
• Competition
• Lack of Market Demand
• Unexpected Growth
• Lack of Experience
• Ignoring Customer Needs
• Poor Management
• Ineffective Marketing
• Lack of Innovation
• Forgetting the Customer
• Ineffective Leadership
• Frequently Asked Questions

1. Lack of Planning

A clear vision is key to successfully running your small business. Start by setting research-backed goals for your company: what benchmarks do you want to reach in your 1st year? In your 5th year?

Setting timelines helps you keep on track with your goals and helps you make adjustments if you find you’re not where you want to be. Create a strategy for your business growth and set up check-in points. 

For example, check in every 2 months to make sure you’re on track to reach your goals. This gives you a chance to follow up with what’s working well and change anything that needs to be modified to help you stay on track.

2. Choice of Location

Business location is one of the most important decisions you can make when setting up a new small business. If you provide in-person goods or services, you need to make sure that there’s enough local demand to support your business. 

Businesses like bakeries and shops often rely on foot traffic for success, so visibility is key. Other industries like lawn care require you to commute to your customers, so you’ll want to pick a central location to minimize transportation costs.

If you offer remote services, location is still important—if you have some flexibility, consider how business taxes vary between states and municipalities. 

It’s also important to consider how you might expand in the future. If you see yourself opening up a second location, look for an area that has room to accommodate your future business growth. 

3. Lack of Research

Understanding your industry, competitors, and target market is key to business success and survival. Research common pitfalls in your industry so you can understand the specific challenges your company might face.

It’s also important to learn about your competitors. See how your services and prices compare to theirs, and consider whether you can offer any niche contributions to set your business apart.

Learn what customers are looking for from your company so you can deliver tailored experiences. Some demands are evergreen (constant), while others vary with market trends—research can help you determine and predict market trends so you can stay on top of your customers’ needs.

4. No Business Plan

In addition to your overall vision for your company, you’ll need to create a clear and actionable business plan. This helps communicate your vision to investors and other team members. There are many resources available to help you create a business plan, including business plan templates .

Your business plan should include:

• A description of your company and what you offer
• A market analysis including threats and opportunities
• Competitor analysis
• Marketing plan, including target customer profile
• Budget and projected cash flow
• Scalable growth plan

You’ll want to regularly revisit this business plan and review the success of each strategy. If you find anything that’s not serving your business, catching that early and making the right adjustments can be the difference between failure and success.

5. Poor Pricing Strategy

Setting the right price is a delicate challenge, but it’s essential for surviving as a small business. You need to price high enough that you cover your costs and make a profit, but low enough that it’s still accessible to a large customer base.

Start by understanding the costs involved in delivering your product or service. Calculate all the materials and labor costs, then factor in your profit margin .

Next, compare your prices against competitors. When you first start out, you may not be able to match the prices and profits of more established companies. If you find your prices are significantly higher, you might need to decrease your profit margin slightly. 

Remember that even if you can’t exactly match your competitors, there are other strategies you can use to distinguish your business—competitor prices are a guideline, not a hard rule.

6. Insufficient Funds

Financing is a common challenge for new businesses, and it’s important to ensure you have sufficient funds right from the start. There are a range of financing options you can consider, from small business loans to investor support. Research all your options and compare how they’ll support you in the short and long term.

It’s also important to effectively manage your finances once you’ve acquired start-up capital . Make sure you understand all of your business costs including licenses, materials, taxes, and labor. Balance that against your projected profits to make sure you’ll be able to stay operative through the first few challenging years.

7. Cash Flow Problems

Financial management isn’t just about the big picture—it’s also about the way your business spends cash in day-to-day business operations. Make sure you keep track of all the ways your company spends money, from larger costs like rent and labor to everyday transportation costs.

It’s easy to get caught up in things like marketing and product development and run out of cash flow early on. Make sure you have a clear budget that you review regularly to ensure you have sufficient cash flow to manage your business.

8. Poor Debt Management

There’s more to small business financing than just start-up capital and cash flow: you’ll also want to stay on top of any debt and ensure your credit remains strong. If not managed carefully, these challenges can easily spiral out of control and sink a small business.

It’s not uncommon for new entrepreneurs to assume some debt as a new business—you might have taken a start-up loan as part of your initial process. However, that debt can become problematic if you’re not making enough profit to consistently make your payments.

One of the most common signs of impending debt issues for small businesses is delaying bill payments. If you find that your business is struggling to meet bills, debt , or credit card payments, it’s time to do a close examination of your finances and cash flow to see where you might be able to cut costs and get on top of any financing issues before they become a larger problem.

9. Dependence on One Customer

Building customer relationships is important, but it can be risky to become too reliant on just one customer. Even if that customer represents a large share of your current profit, there’s never a guarantee that they’ll be able to sustain your company.

Once you’ve found a great customer, analyze how you won that customer and see how you can apply those strategies to finding new customers. Consider what that client was looking for and how they found your company so you can understand what worked well in your next marketing campaigns .

Build a customer profile and focus your marketing on reaching clients who fit that profile. See if they tend to live in a certain area, frequent a certain job or social media platform, or search for particular keywords. Try to diversify your customer base so you aren’t reliant on just one client for your business survival. 

10. Inadequate Profit

Most small businesses have low profits in their first few years, but there’s a point where those profits can become too low to survive. If you find that your profits aren’t enough to cover your expenses , it’s time to think about profit maximization strategies.

One of the first things to examine when you’re facing inadequate profit is your current cost management. Are there any areas where costs can be cut? Consider whether there are more affordable manufacturers, equipment options, or business spaces available to you.

You can also examine your pricing strategies. If you start by pricing low and you’re selling a large volume but still not making a good profit, your prices may be priced too low. Calculate how much you would have to raise your prices to make enough profit, and test out slightly higher prices to see how customers respond.

11. Competition

Even if you offer great products and services, it can still be hard to survive if you’re facing a lot of competition. Conduct a market analysis to see how many competitors are in your industry and area, what products they offer, and how their prices compare to yours.

Once you have a thorough understanding of your competitors, you can devise strategies to set yourself apart. This can include everything from offering competitive prices to providing a higher-quality product. You can also explore marketing strategies or consider how you can offer a slightly different product to fill a market niche.

12. Lack of Market Demand

Even the best businesses can fail if there’s no demand for their product. Market demand also fluctuates, so what’s in demand today can change by tomorrow. Keeping track of market trends and demand can help you stay ahead of the curve with what your company offers.

Start by assessing what’s currently in demand and how you can pitch your product to meet that demand. As customer needs evolve, you may need to slightly alter your products to adapt to changing customer needs.

13. Unexpected Growth

Growing your business is a hallmark of success, but it can also pose risks if you expand too rapidly without a clear plan. Unexpected growth can lead to over-extending your resources, overworking employees, and losing track of customers.

To prevent fallout from unexpected growth, it’s essential to have a scalable business plan. Make sure you can still deliver high-quality goods and services as you expand, so your customers stay satisfied. Keep track of how much money and labor you’re expending on new services so you can bring on new employees as you grow.

It’s all about striking a balance—you want to make sure you hire enough talent to keep up with growth but avoid hiring too early in case your growth slows down. Tracking your expenditures in relation to growth is the best way to create a plan for the future.

14. Lack of Experience

Successful business owners need vision and passion, but they also need experience to translate into their goals into a successful company. Lack of experience and industry knowledge can hold your business back, so it’s important to build a dedicated management team with a thorough understanding of the market.

A business mentor can help you manage the small business owner aspects of your company. Look for someone with experience managing their own business who can advise you on things like developing a business plan , hiring the right talent, and pitching to investors. 

It’s also important to bring on experts in your industry. Look for experienced financial advisors who can guide you through developing your financial strategies. You’ll build experience as you grow, but it’s a good idea to bring in experts for specific jobs like marketing and accounting.

15. Ignoring Customer Needs

The best source for understanding market demand is customers themselves. Responding to feedback helps you build strong relationships with your existing customers and helps you understand what you need to do to gain more customers.

Listen to customer feedback on pricing, services, accessibility, and any other concerns they may have. In some cases, you may not be able to accommodate every suggestion, but it’s helpful to respond and then do a cost-benefit analysis and see how making the recommended changes might impact your business.

If you feel like you’re not receiving customer feedback, consider reaching out. Comment and feedback forms after a completed order can be a helpful tool for gaining market analysis in real-time.

16. Poor Communication

Having a clear vision that you can communicate to investors and customers is important, but it’s just as key to having strong communication inside your business. When your team doesn’t understand your business goals, it’s harder for everyone to collaborate efficiently. 

If you’re operating your small business as a partnership, it’s fine to have different skill sets, but you need to be on the same page about vision and goals. Creating a business plan collaboratively can help ensure you agree on the primary strategies for your company.

Weak communication can lower morale and productivity and prevent your business from growing effectively. Consider making a modified version of your business plan that you can share with your employees. This can include an overview of your business goals and strategies to help everyone get on the same page.

17. Ineffective Marketing

Even with great products, your business can’t succeed unless you effectively reach your target market. Ineffective marketing strategies can hold you back from connecting with customers, while great marketing helps you reach new audiences and grow your business.

It’s important to have a targeted campaign with a clear focus. Start by identifying your target customers and learning about how they interact with local businesses. This helps you determine where to place ads, what to offer, and how to speak to potential customers.

Make sure your marketing strategy has a way to track results. That could include tracking impacts and clicks, measuring follow-through, and consulting with new customers to discover how they found your business so you can build on your most effective strategies.

18. Lack of Innovation

A great product at the start of your business may not remain competitive as the market changes. Innovation is essential for ensuring your business stays relevant and continues to be successful. 

This doesn’t mean you have to drop products if they’re still performing well, but it’s a good idea to consider how you can improve or develop new products if you have the capital to spend on development. This helps you stay ahead of the curve in a changing market.

Even with evergreen products, your business practices can still become stagnant. You’ll need to find new marketing strategies to reach new customers so that you can have a continuous revenue stream. Innovation spans all components of your business, from product development to new marketing methods.

19. Forgetting the Customer

Even if a product seems great to you, remember that in the end, it’s about the customer and how the product will meet their needs. Focus on learning about what the customer is looking for—what’s missing from current products, and how can your business satisfy that need.

If customers offer feedback, try to learn from that and incorporate it where possible. This can involve product innovation or customer service relationships. Customers will remember a great product, but they’ll also remember a personable and helpful business interaction.

Check-in with customers to make sure they’re fully satisfied with their experience. One way to do this is to send a follow-up email or form after their purchase. You can incentivize feedback by offering a small discount for filling out the form—this also encourages customers to return to your business.

20. Ineffective Leadership

While a great team and expert advice are important in supporting your business, it’s ultimately up to you to lead your company forward. If you’re burnt out or losing track of your vision, your team won’t know where to follow.

Strong leadership helps cultivate a positive company culture, a motivated team, and great client relationships. Your employees take their cue from you, so make sure to set a strong model for interacting with customers. 

Creating a good company culture starts with forging strong employer-employee relationships. Get to know your employees, their goals, and their challenges at work so you can help them perform their best. When you create a work environment that’s supportive and growth-oriented, it encourages your team to deliver their best work and help build your business.

The reasons why small businesses fail can include everything from poor pricing strategies to ineffective marketing. Learning how to recognize problems like poor management and inexperience can help you identify issues in your company before they impact your success.

Understanding and recognizing why small businesses fail can help you create strategies to avoid common pitfalls. Tools like FreshBooks accounting software can also help you manage your expenses and avoid problems like insufficient cash flow. Try FreshBooks free to discover an easy tool to help your small business thrive.

FAQs on Reasons Why Small Businesses Fail

Is it true that 90% of startups fail.

Yes, ultimately about 90% of startups fail. A few fail in the first year, and most new businesses fail in the first 2 to 5 years. After 5 years, businesses that survive tend to see a small rise in profits and growth.

Why are small businesses declining?

Some of the biggest reasons why small businesses decline are market competition, lack of demand, and lack of financing. In many cases, larger and more established companies make it difficult for new small businesses to enter the market.

What is the biggest problem facing small businesses today?

One of the biggest problems currently facing small businesses is inflation. High inflation rates mean higher input costs for products, and usually also mean employees will seek higher salaries. It can also mean higher interest rates when trying to secure a first business loan.

Why are small businesses failing in today’s economy?

Many small businesses are failing in today’s economy because they lack planning and financial preparation. While market competition and funding pose challenges to business owners, these can be overcome with financial preparedness and a clear business plan.

Article Sources: 

• Exploding Topics, Startup Failure Rate Statistics .

Sandra Habiger, CPA

About the author

Sandra Habiger is a Chartered Professional Accountant with a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration from the University of Washington. Sandra’s areas of focus include advising real estate agents, brokers, and investors. She supports small businesses in growing to their first six figures and beyond. Alongside her accounting practice, Sandra is a Money and Life Coach for women in business.

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9 Major Reasons Why Businesses Fail by Year 2 and How to Avoid Them

Posted january 28, 2021 by jake pool.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, over thirty percent of private companies fail within two years.

Of course, there are external factors that businesses have no control over. Sadly, the COVID-19 Pandemic is a prime example of one. Since such events are unavoidable, let’s focus on internal factors that companies can act on.

9 common issues to avoid when running your business

As a new business owner, what are the traps to avoid from the start? And what can you do to stay in business? By understanding the following pitfalls you can hopefully avoid them and keep your business running smoothly for far longer than 5 years. Let’s dive in.

1. Insufficient funds due to weak forecasting

Without a doubt, poor financial forecasting is the main reason businesses fail.

It is relatively easy to plan fixed costs such as rent, payroll, utilities, hardware, etc. Entrepreneurs should vet this out extensively when writing their initial business plan.

However, it can be more challenging to forecast revenue generated from sales . Many new business owners are overoptimistic in their planning and vision. This results in an inability to amortize (pay off) an initial investment. Thus, the business fails.

Similarly, companies may be tempted to launch their product or services at a cheap price to be competitive. While it can work in the short-term, it’s not a sustainable business model. Once you start with a low price, it’s difficult to increase.

Goals should be ambitious, but attainable. And the budget should reflect accordingly.

2. The business lacks value

The success of any business hinges of its value. It might sound obvious, but it’s not that easy. As a business owner (or future), you probably think your product or service is great. But it’s not enough.

Before launching a business, always do extensive research (there is a lot of data available) on your target audience. Benchmarking and surveys are also a must.

Here are some generic survey questions to ask:

• Would you talk about this product or service with others?
• Have you ever heard of a similar product or service?
• How much would you pay for this product or service?

If your product is only valuable to you or a small group, or it doesn’t offer more value than your competition, it’s time to rethink things.

3. Inadequate business plan

As mentioned in the first point, budgeting is a key element of a business plan . But it’s not the only factor within the plan that will break a business.

A good business plan should include:

• A comprehensive description of the business
• Workforce needs and compliance (current and future)
• SWOT analysis
• Benchmarking Analysis
• Marketing Plan

But a solid initial business plan isn’t enough. Business owners should review and modify it regularly to keep with the pace of the industry and assess internal goals.

Many failed businesses in this scenario end up listed on business marketplaces like UpFlip because there are entrepreneurs out there equipped to change a poor business plan.

4. No connection with the target audience

The first questions any business owner should ask are — Do I know my target audience and do I understand what they need and want?

If you can’t answer those questions, it’s time to conduct more surveys and research. Otherwise, there is a disconnect, and the business will ultimately suffer and fail. It seems like a bold statement, but the biggest part of a purchasing decision is emotion.

Your product or service may have wonderful features and even value, but if it doesn’t connect with your target audience on an emotional level, it will fail.

For example:

If you run an office furniture business, obviously, the technical aspects of your premiere desk chair would be a sales point. But sturdy wheels and a comfortable backrest won’t differentiate you from the competition. 

Yes, you sell a chair. But also sell the idea of success, professionalism, or even luxury. The target audience must connect with your product on those levels. Otherwise, the business won’t stand out.

5. Competition is too stiff

Even with a comprehensive benchmarking analysis in the initial business plan, competition can evolve quickly. In many industries, there are new players every day in their respective markets.

To avoid failure, benchmarking must be a continuous effort. If your competitors are too big, it’s in the business’s interest to find a niche or some form of added value to your products or services.

Take TOMS Shoes , for instance. They broke into the highly competitive world of mid-level shoe sales by offering a socially conscious selling point to the value of their shoes. For every purchase, they give a pair of shoes to a child.

Note how their model also connects with their target audience at an emotional level.

6. Poor management

The success of a business comes from the top down.

Small business owners are often the only managers within a company. While it may work sometimes, it’s advisable to form a proper management team or at least hire a general manager.

Business owners don’t always have the necessary skills or time to be a good manager. Poorly managing or overlooking certain aspects of the business like human resources, marketing, or accounting can have a disastrous effect.

It’s important to learn to delegate to avoid wearing too many hats.

If you don’t have the money or infrastructure to hire full-time help (or in-house), think about outsourcing certain management tasks to a qualified freelancer via Upwork or a similar platform.

Otherwise, someone who can manage the company will soon take over.

7. Lack of a company culture

There is no happy company without happy employees. You may have a great business model and entrepreneurial skills, but the success of the company also depends on the staff.

It’s key to outline and implement a strong company culture from the beginning. And make sure that the people hired align with it.

Once in place, feed and maintain the culture mentality. Otherwise, you risk issues with high turnover. This has led to the internal collapse of many businesses in a shorter time span than two years.

8. Ineffective sales funnel

Getting leads is essential for any company, but your leads are worthless if they don’t convert. Many new companies focus on collecting data and leads and fail to nurture them properly.

To avoid bloating your sales pipeline , you need an effective sales funnel from beginning to end (and beyond!). It could vary depending on the industry, but be sure to nurture your leads as long as needed to complete the sale.

In the ideal sales funnel, leads convert when ready and become ambassadors of the brand. With a quality, automated system, you can sit back and watch it happen.

Here are a few ideas on nurturing leads:

• Send industry-related freebies (How-to Guides, Tools, White papers)
• Share relevant blog articles based on interest (personalization)
• Wish them a Happy Birthday! (Gift, Voucher)
• Set up a referral program with incentives
• Engage with leads on social media
• Use chatbot technology to answer FAQs when unavailable
• Newsletters (Old fashioned, but efficient!)

In other words, create and maintain a relationship even after the sale!

9. Bad marketing

In the early stages of a business, marketing is crucial. The key is to find the right balance between a reasonable budget and efficiency. Fortunately, this is possible thanks to digital marketing.

The two biggest advantages to investing in digital marketing campaigns are cost efficiency and measurable results (as opposed to traditional marketing methods such as print or tv advertising).

When setting up a marketing campaign, define the target audience, budget, and a realistic conversion rate. Again, if you need help, think about outsourcing for Google Ads or social media campaigns .

Many companies fail because of an inefficient marketing plan that allocates funds to ineffective channels or to ineffective content. And when it’s too late, it’s difficult to redirect funds to make up for the loss.

Awareness is key

As stated, some external factors that negatively affect a business are unavoidable, but there are many internal factors business owners can act upon to prevent failure. The first two years are critical to creating a perennial business.

Be aware of these reasons and don’t become a statistic!

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Why Do Some Businesses Fail?

Small business owners must mitigate company-specific risks while also bringing a complete product or service to market at a competitive price point for their target customer base. There are also cash flow strategies to navigate, employees to hire, invoices to pay, and many other considerations that go into running a successful business.

Managing these details can be especially daunting for startup business owners. Small businesses across a broad range of industries obviously perform well and maintain profitability, yet 18% of small businesses fail within their first year and 50% go out of business within five years. Approximately 65% of small businesses don’t make it to their 10 th year in business. [1]

Once any financial, personal, market, competitive and/or operational risks are addressed, small business owners can enjoy the unique rewards of entrepreneurship. Those benefits range from unlimited income-producing opportunities, the ability to “be your own boss,” and the pride of ownership that comes with building your own company.  

5 Reasons Small Businesses Fail

To best prepare for the rigors of starting and running a sustainable business, entrepreneurs should be aware of the potential risks, determine which of them are most relevant to their own personal situation and then plan accordingly. Here are five reasons why most small businesses fail and some advice on how to avoid these risks:    

• Lack of a solid business plan. Ben Franklin once said, “If you fail to plan, you are planning to fail,” and nowhere is this more evident than in the business arena. In fact, the National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) says companies that put a plan in place early stand the best chance of success. Entrepreneurs use their business plans to outline their goals and objectives, secure funding, identify their potential markets, and track progress and adjust accordingly. “It’s common for new entrepreneurs to start a business related to their expertise and previous employment, or a favorite passion, pastime, or hobby,” the NFIB says. “But detailed market research and a thorough evaluation of your competitors must be done during the planning process, and businesses must be prepared to adapt to market changes on the fly.” [2] At a bare minimum, the plan should include an executive summary, description of the business, marketing strategy, and financial projections.
• They can’t find the startup or growth funding that they need. According to Skynova®, an invoice template provider, half of all startups failed in 2022 due to insufficient funding or investor interest. “Nearly as many business owners simply ran out of cash,” the company says. [3] The NFIB concurs, and says that a lack of startup funds—or, being unable to come up with adequate financing—are both common reasons for business failure. “If you lack the cash or assets to start on your own, like most businesses, you will need to borrow,” it says.    
• Poor cash flow. According to SCORE [4] , 82% of all small businesses fail due to cash flow problems. When money gets tight, paying yourself, your bills, the payroll and other financial obligations can be extremely difficult. This is why companies of all sizes keep a close eye on cash flow, or the net cash and cash equivalents currently flowing both in and out of your business. SCORE’s strategies to avoid cash flow problems include developing a minimum viable budget, protecting your credit (i.e., in case you need a loan to cover the bases when money gets tight), effectively managing your inventory (for product companies), and maintaining cash reserves for lean times. 
• Inadequate management. It’s not at all unusual for a small business to be run by the same person who envisioned the idea, opened the company, and then worked hard to nurture and grow the entity over time. Along the way, that person probably wore a lot of hats: owner, manager, accountant, marketer - the list goes on. Unfortunately, this “chief, cook, and bottle washer” mindset can lead to one more reason why small businesses fail: lack of good leadership and management. “While the owner may have the skills necessary to create and sell a viable product or service, they often lack the attributes of a strong manager and don't have the time to successfully oversee other employees,” Investopedia points out. “Without a dedicated management team, a business owner has greater potential to mismanage certain aspects of the business, whether it be finances, hiring, or marketing.” [5]  
• Sometimes life just gets in the way. This “soft” risk that may not always show up on a business survey or report can impact a business’ lifespan. Because small business owners spend much of their time and effort on their companies, life-changing events like health problems, divorce, a new addition or a death in the family may adversely impact the business itself. In fact, when No Joke Marketing’s Michael Tasner asked over 100 entrepreneurs why their businesses failed, nearly 70% of them said their companies hurt their personal lives, or the other way around. To mitigate this risk, he suggests matching your business to your unique personality (e.g., he built a lifestyle marketing agency and designed its growth strategies around his lifestyle). He avoided trading off business success for life’s important experiences and garnered moral support from other business owners who may be dealing with similar issues or challenges. “Connect with like-minded people and share your personal and professional trials and tribulations,” Tasner adds. [6]   

When you know what small business owners have gone through to keep their companies afloat and headed in the right direction, you can better plan your own path to success. By understanding the financial, planning, and even the personal complexities associated with business ownership, you’ll be better prepared to tackle the challenges head-on, move past them, and increase your odds of long-term success.  

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Important Legal Disclosures and Information

1. Chamber of Commerce Team, Small Business Statistics, https://www.chamberofcommerce.org/small-business-statistics/  

2. NFIB, Why Do Small Businesses Fail?, March 20, 2017, https://www.nfib.com/content/resources/start-a-business/why-do-small-businesses-fail/#:~:text=Common%20reasons%20for%20failure%20include,selection%2C%20or%20even%20bad%20employees.  

3. Skynova, Why startups failed in 2022, https://www.skynova.com/blog/top-reasons-startups-fail  

4. Sutter, Brian, SCORE, The #1 Reason Small Businesses Fail - And How to Avoid It, https://www.score.org/resource/blog-post/1-reason-small-businesses-fail-and-how-avoid-it  

5. Horton, Melissa, Investopedia, The 4 Most Common Reasons a Small Business Fails, https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/120815/4-most-common-reasons-small-business-fails.asp  

6. Tasner, Michael, Entrepreneur, 3 Reasons That Might Cause Your Small Business to Fail, and What to Do About Them, https://www.entrepreneur.com/leadership/3-reasons-that-might-cause-your-small-business-to-fail-and/374577 

These articles are for general information purposes only and are not intended to provide legal, tax, accounting or financial advice. PNC urges its customers to do independent research and to consult with financial and legal professionals before making any financial decisions. This site may provide reference to Internet sites as a convenience to our readers. While PNC endeavors to provide resources that are reputable and safe, we cannot be held responsible for the information, products or services obtained on such sites and will not be liable for any damages arising from your access to such sites. The content, accuracy, opinions expressed and links provided by these resources are not investigated, verified, monitored or endorsed by PNC.

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• Ten Reasons Companies Fail to Implement their Business Plans
• Strategy Implementation

Implementing a business plan is an essential part of an organisation’s success, but it’s not always a straightforward process. Business plans are detailed documents that set out activities designed to achieve its operational goals , strategic goals and vision .

Despite the importance of a well-crafted business plan, many organisations struggle to implement their plans effectively. This failure to execute is a common issue and can have significant consequences, including missed opportunities, wasted resources and ultimately, business failure.

This article explores the reasons why businesses often fail to implement their plans, It also considers how to overcome these obstacles. The main reason are as follows:

1.  Lack of Clarity and Specificity

A lack of clarity and specificity is one of the primary reasons why business plans fail to get implemented. Business plans are often written in general terms, making it difficult for employees to understand precisely what they need to do to execute the plan successfully. Vague goals and objectives can be confusing and may lead to miscommunication among team members.

To resolve this issue, it is essential to ensure that each objective and goal in the business plan conforms to the SMART criteria. This means that they are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. It is also important to provide a clear roadmap for employees that shows how what they are doing helps achieve the goals. Staying on track and ensuring that everyone is aligned with the plan’s objectives is easier when the plan is clear and specific.

2.  Poor Communication

Communication is another critical factor that can cause a business plan to fail. Failing to communicate the plan’s details and objectives can result in confusion, delays and missed opportunities.

Effectively communicating a well-written business plan to everyone involved in its execution is, therefore, crucial. Consequently, it is important to establish open lines of communication and ensure that all stakeholders are kept informed of any changes or updates to the plan. Regular communication can also help to build trust and ensure that employees remain motivated and engaged in the execution of the plan.

3.  Lack of Resources

Implementing a business plan often requires a significant investment of time, money and other resources. If the necessary resources are not available, it can be challenging to execute the plan effectively. This can include human resources, financial resources, equipment and technology. A lack of resources can lead to delays, subpar performance and may even result in the complete failure of the plan.

It is, therefore, crucial to ensure that the plan is realistic and achievable with the available resources. In addition, it is essential to use the available resources in the most effective way possible. Consequently, deploying resources in a way that provides the greatest return on investment is critical to successfully implement a business plan.

4.  Resistance to Change

Significant changes in the way things are done are often necessary to implement a new business plan. This can be difficult for employees who may be resistant to change. Employees may be comfortable with the existing processes and systems and may resist any attempts to change them. This can result in a lack of buy-in and engagement, which can lead to delays or complete failure of the plan.

To resolve this issue, it is important to involve employees in the planning process and ensure that they understand the reasons for the change. By providing encouragement and support, it can be easier to get employees on board and encourage their active participation.

5.  Lack of Accountability

Another reason why business plans fail to get implemented is due to a lack of accountability. To execute the plan successfully, it is critical that everyone involved takes responsibility for achieving their respective goals and objectives. Without accountability, employees may feel less motivated and may not take the plan’s execution seriously. This can lead to missed deadlines, incomplete tasks and ultimately, the failure of the plan.

It is important to establish clear accountability measures and ensure that everyone involved in the plan’s execution takes responsibility for achieving their respective goals and objectives. This helps to keep everyone focused and aligned towards the common objectives and holds them responsible for their actions. Regular monitoring and reporting can help track progress and identify any issues that need to be addressed, thus making sure that the plan stays on track towards achieving its objectives.

6.  Lack of Flexibility

While a business plan is a crucial tool for success, it is important to remain flexible and adaptable. A significant reason why business plans fail to get implemented is due to their lack of flexibility. While a business plan provides a roadmap for achieving specific goals, it is essential to remain flexible and adaptable to changes in the business environment. Failure to adjust the plan can lead to missed opportunities, wasted resources and ultimately, business failure.

Remaining flexible is essential for implementing a business plan as it allows for adjustment to changing circumstances and helps businesses stay relevant. By adapting the plan to new information, businesses can take advantage of new opportunities and avoid potential threats, thus increasing their chances of success. Regular review and evaluation of the business plan can help identify any adjustments that need to be made to keep it relevant and effective.

7.  Managing Complexity

The complexity of business plans is another reason why their implementation can fail. Business plans can be complex due to various factors, including the scope of the plan, the nature of the business and the external environment. The more complex a plan is, the more challenging it can be to implement. Complexity can make it difficult for employees to understand their roles and responsibilities, leading to confusion and miscommunication. This can result in missed deadlines, incomplete tasks and the failure of the plan.

Managing complexity is an essential element for successfully implementing a business plan. Business plans can be complex and involve multiple moving parts, making them difficult to execute. To manage complexity, businesses must break the plan down into smaller, manageable components and set clear goals and objectives for each component.

8.  Lack of Leadership

Poor leadership can be a significant reason why business plans don’t get implemented. Leaders play a critical role in ensuring that the plan is executed effectively, Without strong leadership, employees may lack direction and guidance, leading to confusion and a lack of motivation.

It is, therefore, essential to ensure that the leadership team is committed to the plan’s success. They should also provide the necessary support and resources to execute it effectively. Leaders must communicate the plan’s details and objectives effectively to all stakeholders and establish clear accountability measures. By involving employees in the planning process and encouraging their active participation, leaders can manage resistance to change.

9.  External Factors

Business plans may fail to get implemented due to external factors, which can be a significant reason. Business plans are developed based on assumptions about the business environment. However, unforeseen events can arise that make these assumptions no longer valid. This can include changes in the market, shifts in customer preferences, technological advancements or changes in regulations. A failure to adjust the plan to these changes can lead to missed opportunities, wasted resources and ultimately, business failure.

Regular review and evaluation of the business plan can help identify any changes that need to be made to stay aligned with the business’s goals and objectives. By staying informed about these external factors, businesses can anticipate potential risks and adjust their plan accordingly. Diversifying offerings or markets can also help mitigate the effects of external factors on the business. Engaging with stakeholders and building relationships with suppliers and customers can also help create opportunities and reduce the impact of external factors.

10.  Poor Project Management

A lack of project management can be a key factor in why companies fail to implement their business plans. Without project management , it can be difficult to effectively coordinate and execute the necessary steps outlined in the plan, which can lead to a lack of clear direction, poor communication, inefficient use of resources and a lack of accountability. These factors can impact a company’s ability to achieve its goals and objectives, ultimately resulting in failure to implement the business plan successfully.

To address this issue, it’s important to establish a strong process that is provided by project management methodologies. This includes clear project goals and objectives, efficient resource allocation, regular tracking of progress and open communication among team members. By doing so, a company can increase the chances of implementing their business plan successfully and achieving their goals.

Implementing a business plan is a critical part of an organisation’s success, but it can be challenging to execute effectively. The reasons for business plans failing to get implemented are varied and complex. These include a lack of clarity and specificity, poor communication, a lack of resources and resistance to change. They also include a lack of accountability, managing complexity, poor leadership and external factors.

To overcome these obstacles, it is essential to ensure that the business plan is clear, specific, achievable and communicated effectively to all stakeholders. Adequate resources and accountability measures can also help maintain focus and ensure everyone is working towards the same objectives. Finally, remaining flexible and adaptable can help ensure that the plan remains relevant and effective in a constantly changing business environment.

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The Consequences of Not Having a Business Plan

• brian.zabala
• November 28, 2022
• Business plans

Failing to have a business plan could lead to huge consequences for your business. Read this blog to find out the disadvantages of not having a business plan.

What Is a Business Plan?

A business plan is the big-picture idea for your business. It’s usually recorded on an official document and covers your business goals and how you plan to reach them. There’s a wide range of types of business plans, some of which include:

• Opportunity
• Municipality or Non-Profit

While these business plans tackle different objectives, there are two elements that should exist in all of them: goals and strategy. Every business plan should have goals and overarching strategies that can help you reach them.

While business plans are most helpful for start-up businesses, they’re a valuable tool for every business owner interested in organizing their objectives.

There are some serious consequences to not having a business plan. Some of them include:

A Lack of Direction

A business plan ensures that everyone is on the same page and working towards a common, well-established goal. Without a detailed business plan, your business could become lacking in direction, wasting time and money on things that don’t matter as much to the success and longevity of your business. Goals can exist without a business plan, sure, but they’re probably not clearly quantified. A business plan helps you create specific, actionable goals that help you succeed.

A business plan will also encourage you to form a strategic plan for how to reach your goals. Strategy is as important as the goals themselves—and that’s why many businesses fail to execute. For example, you may have a goal to reach $5,000,000 in sales, but how exactly do you plan on reaching that? Many businesses set specific goals but never reach them due to poor planning. A business plan avoids this issue by establishing goals and a plan for implementing the strategies you need to reach them.

Missed Growth Opportunities

Another consequence of not having a business plan includes missed opportunities for growth. An effective business plan will identify the opportunities your business can use to succeed. This gives you an idea of what a successful trajectory looks like for your business and how you can get there. Failing to plan ahead means that every business process will have to be handled in the moment. This can lead to poor decision making (and an enormous amount of stress), and it also means that energy is focused on putting out fires instead of pursuing novel business ideas.

In today’s business environment, it can often feel like you need to innovate or fail. Businesses need to be constantly looking for new opportunities to survive. A business plan could give you the time to make sure that your business is conducting marketing analysis and identifying growth opportunities you can take advantage of.

• Wasted Resources

Business plans are designed to maximize your organizational efficiency. Not planning ahead of time will lead to your business making inefficient budgeting, inventory, and operational decisions. This leads to:

• Inaccurate Budgets and Financial Projections
• Disrupted Project Timelines
• Inventory Strain
• Operational Disruptions

The above failures could compromise your business’s overall financial security and turn away potential investors. Failing to secure investments could seriously compromise your business’s stability, especially if you’re dependent on maintaining consistent working capital.

Unclear Organizational Structure

A business plan also defines clear roles for staff. Organizational hierarchy is key to making sure that your business has an effective line of communication and a level of accountability that keeps everyone honest. Without a business plan in place, there can be confusion and important tasks that fall through the cracks.

Having clear structures in place also makes it easier for employees to get answers to critical questions. Have you ever worked in a business where you weren’t sure who to contact when you had work-stopping issues? If so, you know that these kinds of problems can lead to colossal wastes of time and efficiency. The average employee takes 23 minutes to recover from an interruption to their work . A business plan could keep these interruptions from happening.

Don’t Know Where To Start With a Business Plan?

Learn more about business plan options today.

Failing to Prepare is Preparing to Fail: A Case Study

To illustrate the consequences of not having a business plan, let’s examine what happened when a real-world business failed to prepare.

Borders is a name you may remember. Established in 1971, it was a national bookstore chain that found high levels of success for decades. Borders got comfortable coasting on their tried-and-true business model and weren’t innovating when new technologies began to change the retail landscape in the 2000s. Borders was forced to make a fast decision—or shut down.

They thought the answer to their struggling business was more volume. They tried opening up more stores across the country, thinking that they weren’t targeting the right locations. Unfortunately, this ended up being the wrong decision. They declared bankruptcy in 2011, being forced to close 399 stores and lay off 10,700 employees. Borders could have avoided this by planning ahead. Instead of being prepared for changes to the business environment, they were addressing issues as they came, and they ended up paying the consequences.

Partner With GreenGate for the Plan Your Business Needs

Still not sure where to start with creating your next business plan? GreenGate can help! We’ve helped found over 400 businesses in the United States, and we want you to be our next success. Contact us today to take your business to the next level.

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Home » The Tony Robbins Blog » Career & Business » 14 reasons why businesses fail

14 reasons why businesses fail

Learn more about business failure – and how to avoid it.

WHY BUSINESSES FAIL

So why do businesses fail ? What makes one entrepreneur succeed while another experiences business failure ? It comes down to a combination of preparation, strategies and knowledge. 

1. Not having an effective business plan

If you don’t have an effective business plan, you can’t properly communicate your vision to your team. Tony Robbins advocates not just having a business plan, but having a business map for entrepreneurs to take their small businesses to the next level. Your business map will help you master vital stages of the business cycle, like scaling. Explosive growth can be tempting, but not scaling in a mindful manner is one of the biggest reasons why businesses fail – you have to strike the right balance between growth and infrastructure.

2. Not putting the customer first

One of the top reasons why businesses fail is that they fall in love with their product instead of their customer. To circumvent business failure , fall in love with your client and figure out every single way you can meet their needs. Anticipate what they want, what they need and, when possible, determine what they might not even know they need yet. Turn your customer into a raving fan – somebody who will tell everybody about your product or service or company. Once you grasp that your customer’s life is your business’ life , you can truly envision how to succeed.

3. Not hiring the right people

Hiring the right people has a massive effect on nearly every area of your business. One of the most obvious examples is sales: If you don’t have enough sales, you can’t pay your team or yourself and you cannot grow. Confident salespeople are a key to increased sales. It’s also astounding how many businesses fail due to inventory mismanagement. Hiring someone who is skilled at inventory management or using a good inventory management software is an easy way to solve this issue.

4. Doing it all yourself

Yes, you are an entrepreneur, but that doesn’t mean you have to do everything on your own. A business is only as strong as the psychology of its leader – and the ability to let go and trust others is an essential leadership trait . If you need to control everything, it’s likely you won’t succeed over the long term. Delegating is a top skill to manage a business effectively : it helps you manage your time, focus your energy on what matters most and spot potential up-and-coming leaders within your company.

5. Lack of flexibility

Remember Blockbuster? Radio Shack? Tower Records? These giants of their industries all fell victim to the same reason for business failure : inability to adapt to a changing market . Entrepreneurs who fall in love with a service or product and refuse to change directions when the market demands it are likely to fail. The key to long-term success – in business and in life – is flexibility and a willingness to pivot when necessary.

6. Lack of innovation

Peter Drucker and Jay Abraham, among the greatest business minds of our time, maintain that business failure – and success ­– all starts with two key factors: innovation and marketing . Innovation means finding a better way to meet your clients’ needs than anybody else. Anybody can make some money for some amount of time. But if you want to become successful and sustain that success over years and over decades – if you want to build a brand – then you have to find a way to add more value than anybody else in the game. And that comes from constantly innovating.

7. Not understanding your industry

This is one of the driving factors behind why businesses fail to innovate. Certain industries require more innovation, while others may have different product life cycles. Consider the technology industry. The life cycle on an average product is about six months. And in some sectors, like the app business, it’s just one month. People expect continual innovation and improvement , and if you don’t deliver that to them, someone else will. It’s a different world we live in today, where the only constant is change. And if you aren’t staying ahead, you’re falling behind.

8. Fear of business failure

Business failure is one of the main , if not the biggest, fears of any business owner. If it weren’t for that fear, we wouldn’t even be asking, “ Why do businesses fail ?” However, as you develop your entrepreneurial and managerial skills, you will find that one of your greatest assets in running a successful business is overcoming your fear of business failure . Without minimizing the validity of your fears, you need to learn to view business failure as a learning opportunity rather than an insurmountable obstacle. Remember, life happens for you, not to you .

9. The wrong mindset

One of Tony Robbins’ central philosophies is that our mindsets create our realities ; what we believe influences what we are able to achieve. As entrepreneurs, when we embrace strategies for turning business failure into success, we transform our mindset from one of defeat into one of empowerment . And when we are empowered, a failing business is not the concluding chapter in our story; it is only the beginning. Don’t let your limiting beliefs disempower you. Instead, stay hungry in your search for success . Your hunger will inspire you and pay off in the end.

10. Lack of vision

Marketing guru Jay Abraham understands the question of why businesses fail. It’s a high-velocity and high-leverage mindset that prepares business owners to navigate the ever-changing seas of business. Rather than adapt your dreams to the economy, you must set and achieve your own goals, independent of circumstances. How can you accomplish this? By recognizing that business success hinges on loyalty to a vision .

11. Lack of passion

A passion-driven mindset lets you persist in honing your ethics and beliefs while learning from all the reasons why businesses fail . By adhering to your passions, you’re able to see your circumstances clearly – the positives and negatives. With this level of focus, you create an unstoppable drive to accomplish your goals. This focus allows you to take risks, acknowledging that feelings of doom and failure arise not from circumstances but from feeling stuck in the status quo. Don’t get stuck – persist.

12. Ineffective marketing strategies

Whether your company is large or small, marketing is the next critical step . Why do businesses fail in their operations? If you cannot find a way to market your product or service, then your business will have a hard time getting off the ground. Because the truth is, you could have the most innovative product or service, but the best product doesn’t always win. Do you think McDonald’s has the best burger? Probably not. But their marketing strategies are top-notch.

13. Not understanding your X factor

To market effectively and prevent business failure , you have to understand what your “X-factor” is . What are you here to deliver and how can you improve your customers’ lives? Take, for example, FedEx founder Fred Smith. Even in FedEx’s early stages when profits were slim, Smith invested in three market studies for testing the value expedited shipping would add to his product. Smith’s research paid off: He discovered his X factor and FedEx is now a household name, in large part due to its corner on the market via expedited shipping.

14. Asking the wrong questions

To help discover what your true value is as a business, go one step further and ask yourself the right questions . This includes core questions like: What does the marketplace need? Who is my customer? What can I do to make my company talkably different ? And perhaps one of the most important questions you can ask yourself is, “What business am I really in?” Let’s look at an example of a wildly successful company that needed to ask itself that very question: Apple.

How Apple came back from business failure

Today, everyone has heard of Apple. It’s one of the most valuable companies of our time, with a market cap of nearly $2 trillion and a stock that is soaring above its competitors. But it wasn’t always that way. Apple is actually the perfect example to look at when considering why businesses fail .

Apple’s founder Steve Jobs was fired from the company in 1985. Before re-hiring Jobs in 1997, the failing business operated at a loss and inched toward bankruptcy. In fact, Michael Dell was advising decision-makers to shut Apple down and give its shareholders their money back. But Apple persisted, and Steve Jobs asked himself one of the most critical questions in his lifetime: “What business are we really in?”

At first, the answer seemed obvious – Apple was in the computer business. But how were they supposed to win back customers when 97% of all computers across the United States were run by Microsoft?

That’s when they realized that no matter how good their product was, Microsoft was embedded and entrenched in the masses. After all, it was one of the main reasons Apple found itself in bankruptcy.

So Jobs asked, “What business do we need to be in?” And Apple decided that it needed to be in the business of connecting people to their passions – to their photographs, their music, to each other. When he did this, he avoided one of the top reasons why businesses fail : lack of flexibility.

Answering this question created one of the most life-altering shifts for Apple. The company transitioned into building basic, cool technology that connects people to what they love. Upon rehiring Jobs, the company arranged a partnership with Microsoft which signaled the company’s turnaround. When Apple launched the iMac just one year later, the firm returned to profitability and made its mark. Before long came the iPod and iTunes, then the iPhone. Their net sales soared. S ince that point Apple has never stopped innovating, and their marketing campaigns have propelled the company to an entirely new realm. Had Jobs viewed his firing as the death toll of his career (and company), the firm would have never experienced its revival.

Today, is Apple really in the computer business? Only 10.4 % of their business is computers, which means almost 90%  is not – the vast majority is made up of iPhone , iPad and Apple Watch sales. Honestly answering the question “ Why do businesses fail?” was vital for Apple to change course and become profitable.

If success is about innovation and marketing, then you have to decide who your customer is, what they need, what business you are in and what business you really need to be in. Answering these questions can change your entire business, because the answers will ultimately allow you to change your offer. As we say, change your offer, change your business – and change your business, change your life.

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50 Reasons Why Some Businesses Fail While Others Succeed

Why is it that so many businesses fail while so few succeed.

One of the great mysteries of entrepreneurship is why businesses fail . Some people start one successful business after another while others fail to succeed.

Why some businesses fail while others succeed?

No one starts a business expecting to fail. Starting a business can be a lot of fun and excitement. Success requires a lot of planning and starting the business the right way. Entrepreneurship is easier if you start your business the right way.

The worst part about a failing business is that the entrepreneur is unaware of it happening until it is often too late. It makes sense because if the entrepreneur really knew what he was doing wrong, he might have been able to save the business. Some entrepreneurs live in a land of denial while others are unaware of their mistakes.

One thing for sure, a business almost always fails because of the entrepreneur.

“ It’s not the plan that is important, it’s the planning. ” Dr. Graeme Edwards

There are over 28 million small businesses in the United States, according to the SBA .

It’s an impressive number. The sad reality is that only about 50% of them survive. What’s worse is that only about one-third survive 10 years or more. The life of an entrepreneur is unforgiving. It is a constant challenge. There are many moving parts. Any one of them could put you out of business.

Factors That Lead to Business Failure

Businesses fail for many reasons. The following list includes some of the most common reasons:

1 – Lack of planning  – Businesses fail because of the lack of short-term and long-term planning. Your plan should include where your business will be in the next few months to the next few years. Include measurable goals and results. The  right plan will include specific to-do lists  with dates and deadlines. Failure to plan will damage your business.

2 – Leadership failure – Businesses fail because of poor leadership. The leadership must be able to make the right decisions most of the time. From financial management to employee management, leadership failures will trickle down to every aspect of your business. The most successful entrepreneurs learn, study, and reach out to mentors to improve their leadership skills.

3 – No differentiation – It is not enough to have a great product. You also have to develop a unique value proposition, without you will get lost among the competition. What sets your business apart from the competition? What makes your business unique? It is important that you understand what your competitors do better than you. If fail to differentiate, you will fail to build a brand.

Why do small businesses fail? Statistically, small businesses that are most likely to fail are local trucking, plumbing and HVAC service providers, grocery stores, and security brokers.

4 – Ignoring customer needs – Every business will tell you that the customer is #1, but only a small percentage acts that way. Businesses that fail lose touch with their customers. Keep an eye on the trending values of your customers. Find out if they still love your products. Do they want new features? What are they saying? Are you listening? I once talked to the CEO of a training company who told me that they don’t respond to negative reviews because they are unimportant. What? Are you kidding me?

5 – Inability to  learn from failure  – We all know that failure is usually bad, yet it is rare that businesses learn from failure. Realistically, businesses that fail, fail for multiple reasons. Often entrepreneurs are oblivious about their mistakes. Learning from failures is difficult.

6 – Poor management – Examples of poor management are an inability to listen, micro-managing – AKA lack of trust, working without standard or systems, poor communication, and lack of feedback.

7 – Lack of capital – It can lead to the inability to attract investors. Lack of capital is an alarming sign. It shows that a business might not be able to pay its bills, loan, and other financial commitments. Lack of capital makes it difficult to grow the business and it may jeopardize day-to-day operations.

8 – Premature scaling – Scaling is a good thing if it is done at the right time.  To put it simply, if you scale your business prematurely, you will destroy it. For example, you could be hiring too many people too quickly, or spend too much on marketing. Don’t scale your business unless you are ready.  Pets .com failed because it tried to grow too fast. They opened nationwide warehouses too soon, and it broke them. Even the great brand equity that they have built couldn’t save them. Within a few months, their stock went from $11 to $0.19.

According to a study of about 3200 high growth internet startups done by  Startup Genome , about 70% of the startups in their dataset scaled prematurely.

9 – Poor location – Poor location is a disadvantage that might be too much to overcome. If your business relies on foot traffic, location is a strategic necessity. A poor location might make your customer acquisition costs too high.[/fusion_text]

10 – Lack of profit – Revenue is not the same as profit. As an entrepreneur, you must keep your eyes on profitability at all times. Profit allows for growth. According to Small Business Trends, only 40% of small businesses are profitable, 30% break even, and 30% are losing money.

11 – Inadequate inventory management – Too little inventory will hurt your sales. Too much inventory will hurt your profitability.

12 – Poor financial management – Use a professional accounting software like Freshbooks. Keep records of all financial records and always make decisions based on the information you get from real data. Know where you stand all the time. If numbers are not your thing, hire a financial professional to explain and train you to understand, at least the basics.

13 – Lack of focus – Without  focus, your business  will lose it the competitive edge. It is impossible to have a broad strategy on a startup budget. What makes startups succeed is their ability to quickly pivot, and the lack of focus leads to the inability to make the necessary adjustments.

14 – Personal use of business funds – Your business is not your personal bank account.

15 – Overexpansion – It is easy to make the mistake of expanding your business into too many verticals. Before you enter new markets make sure you maximize your existing market.

16 – Macroeconomic factors – Entrepreneurs can’t control macroeconomic factors. Common macroeconomic factors are business cycles, recessions, wars, natural disasters, government debt, inflation, and business cycles. Your business can still succeed in bad times. Hyatt, Burger King, FedEx, Microsoft, CNN, MTV, Trader Joe’s, GE, HP are only a few examples of wildly successful companies started during a tough economy.

Sometimes businesses fail due to a once in a lifetime economic turmoil caused by an unforeseen external challenge. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many businesses to fail. Unfortunately, the destructive impact of the COVID-19 crisis is especially damaging to small businesses.

17 – No succession plan – Future leaders should be identified in advance. Without an effective business succession plan , your business is unprepared to fill openings in created by retirements, unexpected departures, or death.

18 – Wrong partner – It’s no secret that it is easier to succeed in business with the right partners. The wrong business partner will, at the very least hurt, or, at worst, destroy your company.

If you are serious about making it as entrepreneurs, focus on the following:

19 – Make a plan – It all begins with planning. The biggest mistake many entrepreneurs make as they start their ventures is that they don’t sit down and write a business plan. The goal is to keep it concise. Don’t treat it like a business school project. Leave writing a 50,000-word business plan to academics. Let them waste their time. You can do a great business plan in one or two pages. There are some great books on business plans such as “The Secrets to Writing a Successful Business Plan” and “Successful Business Plan“.

Your business plan should include the following:

20 – Core values – Your core values are the  fundamental beliefs that drive your business . They are your guiding principles that should remain constant. Even as your company grows your core values should remain the same. Core values can also serve as a moral compass. Some of the more common core values are integrity, trust, excellence, respect, responsibility, and teamwork.

Don’t allow your core values to become empty words, make them part of your culture.

21 – Mission statement – A brief statement that defines  why your company exists . Your corporate reason for being. It describes your target market and the services/products you offer. If you have done it right, your mission statement, in just a few sentences, will communicate the essence of your business to your business and to the world.

22 – Who are your customers – If you are  going to succeed in business  you will have a clear definition of your customer. It is not an abstract idea. It is something that can be expressed in numbers. For example, if your target customers are family law attorneys, you have to be able to put a number on it. For example, there are 175,000 (fictional number) family law attorneys in the USA and they are our customers.

23 – What is your product/service – It’s key to have a clear definition of the services you offer. Without a clear definition, you will be unable to effectively develop, market, and sell your services.

24 – Involve your customers in product development –  Most businesses that fail create products/services without involving their customers. If you are serious about success, you will build your products with your customers. Businesses that fail build products based on assumptions.

25 – How will you sell and market your product/service – Marketing and selling your service could be one of your  biggest business challenges . A sales and marketing plan is a must.  Set measurable goals . Create systems to manage the process.

Proper preparation doesn’t require a 100-page formal business plan. The keyword is “proper,” not “planning.” If you do everything in your power to properly plan your business, you increase your chances for success. Don’t confuse planning with avoiding action or paralysis analysis. No amount of planning is a substitute for action.

“No matter what one does, regardless of failure or success, the experience is a form of success in itself.” Jack Ma, billionaire founder of Alibaba

Your first action item is to write your business plan. Completing your business plan will give you an opportunity to process your idea in detail. One of the best things you can do is to collect your thoughts before you make a real commitment to starting your business. If you aren’t passionate about writing your business plan, it’s unlikely that you’ll get passionate about your business either.

One day you might think of a product that could revolutionize life on earth as we know it. You might dream up something so great that no one ever thought of before. The reality is that most  successful businesses  are without revolutionary ideas. Instead, they modify or improve well-established products or services.

Must Have Business Plan Components

• Mission Statement
• Company Description
• Product Description
• Market Analysis
• Marketing Strategy
• Revenue Projections

If you don’t prepare a business plan, your initial enthusiasm will fade and you will fail.

26 – In the end, enthusiasm is not enough to succeed. It takes much more than that. You need to research your market, your competition, the financial feasibility of your concept, and more. As you fight through the battles of making your dream come true, you need to be able to go back to read and re-read your business plan. The concepts laid down in your business plan will help you to convince your bank to give you the loan you need, or to determine the best marketing strategy for your business. Don’t be emotional when you prepare your business plan. Treat it as a business process with goals and deliverables. Once you complete it, ask yourself, “Would I invest in this company?” Remember, you are going to have to convince others to support your idea. Bankers, corporate buyers, investors, partners, and the like will look at your business based on facts. Their decision is not going to be based on emotion. When creating a written business plan you give yourself a chance to think about your idea thoroughly. As you put your ideas in writing, you tend to give them more thought. You might think writing a business plan is boring, or a waste of time. Truly, it should be one of the most exciting projects you could ask for. You are writing your future.

27 – You are accountable –  Many businesses fail because people treat them like hobbies. From day one treat your business as a business. Treat yourself as an employee. Set measurable goals and hold yourself accountable. If you only plan to work in your business a couple of hours a week, you can’t expect great results. Owning your own business requires focus and commitment. Educate yourself about the wide range of options and technologies. You can’t expect to get an ounce more out of your business than what you’ve put into it. If you are only willing to put in a few hours a week, expect to get a few hours a week of income. There are no shortcuts.

Entrepreneurs can stay accountable several ways:

28 – Write down your goals. Keep your goals in front of you and keep coming back to them, at least once a month.

29 – Build an advisory board.

30 – Join a peer advisory group. You will get feedback from fellow entrepreneurs. The best kind of peer advisory group is where your business is the smallest business. You definitely don’t want to be the largest or most successful business of your group. When you are the smallest you will be pushed harder to catch up to the others in your group.

31 – Find a coach. Try to work with a coach who has already built a successful business.

32 – Find an investor, an angel or venture capitalist .

33 – Forget the idea, take action –  You should never start a business based on a great idea. An idea is just that: an idea. It’s worthless. It is not going to help you succeed in business. Ideas won’t do; you need action to succeed. Wantrepreneurs are full of ideas that never result in action. Entrepreneurs are action takers.

Here are some effective ways to turn your idea into action:

34 – Believe that you can do it. I don’t mean fooling yourself into anything, but the only way can you make it happen if you believe that it will happen.

35 – Reach out to mentors. There are many successful people within your own existing network, and you can also make new connections. Connecting with mentors helps you hear what it takes to be an entrepreneur.

36 – Minimize risk, but understand that it is unavoidable.

37 – Give it due time. Ideas are fast, but making them happen will take time. Even if all goes well, almost everything you do in business will take longer than expected.

38 – Get others to believe in you. Successful entrepreneurs are great at selling their visions. You might have to convince vendors, partners, landlords, investors, employees, or a list of more people.

39 – Prepare to fail – Do not fear failure. There is one thing for sure, you will fail before you succeed. Expect failure but don’t fear it. Think of it as a normal part of your business. It is necessary. It is good for your business. It teaches you. It helps you make the right decision the next time. It is super important that you don’t associate failure with quitting. Only those that take action fail and only those that take action succeed.

40 – Pivot, rinse and repeat – Successful entrepreneurs are always adjusting. There are many reasons to adjust. Your customers might ask for a new software feature. Or, the recession might have put your best customers out of business. The price of raw materials might rise one day. Your business and its environment are dynamic. If you are good, you develop a keen eye for changes and make quick adjustments. Most businesses that fail do so because they ignore the world changing around them.

41 – Focus on your customer – You customer keeps you in business and puts you out of business too. If you listen to them, you can improve your products or services. If you ignore they fire you. Customers don’t disappear, they go to your competitors. Reach out to your customers. Ask them questions. Ask what they like or dislike. Welcome negative feedback. Don’t be defensive about it. Negative feedback gives you a chance to improve.

42 – Stay profitable – Staying profitable will solve many problems. The lack of profit could put you out of business even if you have record sales. Forget sales. Forget your revenue. Forget the total number of customers. Always be mindful of profitability.

43 – Manage cash – Entrepreneurs that fail often confuse cash flow with profit. The two are not synonymous. It is possible for you to go bankrupt with record cash flowing into your business. To succeed in business you don’t just need cash flow, you need positive cash flow. With positive cash flow happens when the cash funneling into your business is more than the amount of cash leaving your business. It is simple yet often ignored. The companies that ignore this end up with negative cash flow. This happens when the outflow of cash is more than your incoming cash. You should never allow negative cash flow.

Here are 10 of the most profitable companies in the world:

• Exxon Mobil
• Wells Fargo
• J.P. Morgan Chase
• Berkshire Hathaway
• Johnson & Johnson
• General Electric (GE)

Here are a few ways to improve your cash flow:

44 – Get paid in advance, ask for deposits or full payment in advance.

45 – Be very selective in offering credit to customers, avoid it if possible.

46 – Increase your sales.

47 – Offer incentives for early payment.

48 – Secure loans for emergencies.

49 – Disasters do happen – Even though Warren Buffet has a hands-off approach to managing his portfolio of companies. He does require the CEOs of each of his companies to have a one sheet in case of an emergency. The sheet of paper contains information on key aspects of the company. While the one sheet of paper might be overly simplified the point is that you have to be prepared for the worst.

50 – If you will succeed in business, you must figure out how to deal with the unexpected. It’s not that “what if it happens“, but “when it happens“. What if your best salesperson quits tomorrow? How long before you will replace her? Do you have a system in place, so when you hire a replacement she can sell?

Systems are crucial to recovering from a disaster. Formal procedures are key. Identify the key parts of your business and think about what it would take to recover losing any of them. For example, if your company relies on your e-commerce website, develop a system to recover your site even if your current site crashes and  your hosting company  goes out of business within the same day. You don’t have to be paranoid about it, but create systems of key parts of your company.

Unsuccessful Business Strategies

If you want to succeed in business, you need to learn from unsuccessful business strategies. An unsuccessful business strategy involves a business model which lacks profit. Driving profit is a must for any successful business.

After all, the core purpose of a business os to make a profit. But profit itself isn’t enough to succeed. Companies should focus on constant innovation with a relentless focus on exceptional customer service.

A profit-first approach can be a short-term win but a long-term loss. If you want to succeed in business, you must drive innovation in your industry. Profit is only a by-product of exceptional service.

Exploring additional revenue streams will help companies become more profitable.

In Conclusion

Few places are less forgiving than the business world. Eventually, everything adds up. If your customers prefer your competitors, your employees would rather work for someone else, your partners no longer believe in each other or the business, and the many mistakes you can make along the way. And that is why businesses fail.

Yes, it is true that most businesses fail. It is also true that many of them succeed. Those that succeed are not the result of miracles. Entrepreneurs who lead businesses to success understand that it takes a carefully planned and executed strategy. A little luck also helps.

Why do most businesses fail?

Ineffective business planning is a top reason for business failure. Business planning requires time and effort, that many entrepreneurs are unwilling to invest.

Without a business plan, a business is more likely to fail.

Most businesses fail because they either run out of money, have bad management, or rely on a poorly executed marketing strategy.

The biggest reason most businesses fail is a lack of funding. Without working capital, no business can continue to operate. Payroll, funding day-to-day business expenses, is a recipe for business failure.

Many businesses fail before they have a chance to take off because they lack a successful go-to-market strategy.

Inadequate management is another common reason for business failure. To keep a business going and growing requires a wide range of skills. While the business founders may have the required skills for some aspects of the business, they may not have all of the necessary skills.

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29 comments.

Nice post. Understanding your customer is a crucial point.

What do you do in your business to understand your customer?

Great article! Covered a lot of perspectives. Most owners believe that “knowledge is power” however they should understand that only “applied knowledge” is only the power that works! -great point. Keep up the good work. I love Success Harbor.

Hi Georgia, Thank you for your comment. I hope you keep coming back to read our posts. Let me know if I can help you. George Meszaros Success Harbor

Nice article covered most of everything that is required to build a successful business. I can tell you put a lot of time and effort into this article.

Thank you, Selvam, for the kind words. Come back soon to read more of our content.

All of these are great reasons why small businesses fail. From my point of view it all comes down to this: All successful businesses have a clear marketing strategy that makes everything they do more effective.

Good point, Patrick. Thank you for taking the time to comment. I hope to see you back on Success Harbor soon 🙂

Thank you GEORGE for this tremendous effort to help those who have the business mind, especially people like me who are business students, I really benefit a lot. thank you once more.

Thank you for taking the time to comment. I am glad that you find it beneficial. How much more time do you have left before you receive your business degree?

Hi, I have only one year left Sir.

Thanks George .. please keep updated about reasons of failure in similar pattern. It helps alot.

Great article!

But, I think it is important to differentiate different kinds of businesses, especially venture capital startups versus plain old small businesses. The failure rate for VC startups is much higher than for other small businesses.

Surprisingly, this is by design!

I don’t mean that the VC’s want you to fail at all, they don’t. But what they want even less is for their VC fund to fail. In order for a large VC fund to succeed, they need to make sure they get a couple of GIANT successes. These are billion dollar companies they call “Unicorns”.

A small success just isn’t helpful. I’ve done 7 VC Startups now–I founded 3 and participated in 3 others. My success ratio is actually very decent. 2 of the 3 companies I founded were successful and 1 of the 4 others IPO’d. That’s much higher than the VC success ratio.

It may surprise you to learn that the VC’s would consider all 3 successes to be failures–even the IPO! None of them produced billion dollar results for them even though they all produced 7- to 8-figure results for me. On the very biggest deal, the VC’s initially told us to walk away from a $10 million dollar payday after just 10 months of work because it didn’t make them enough money.

My conclusion after working that world for years is that if you want to succeed, and you don’t need to be a billionaire to call it success, avoid VC’s. Start your own business.

Thank you for sharing your business experience, Bob. Perhaps, one day we could do an interview about your business experience.

George, sure, would love to do an interview! You can track me down any time on my entrepreneurship blog, BobWarfield.com.

Sounds good, Bob.

Thanks for another great article. I especially enjoyed your point “One thing for sure, a business almost always fails because of the entrepreneur.” Which made me smile and frown. Knowing that it applied directly to this entrepreneur. I had discovered through my business consulting that the most successful startups are those by owners willing to look at their strengths and weaknesses, and not hide

Hi Marsha: Thank you for taking the time to comment. Please come back soon.

Hi Vikash, You wrote “almost” all major issues. Can you think of any major issues that are not in the article? I might include them.

I can’t think of any other place where you could find such a comprehensive and realistic article as this one. It covers all the bases in simple to understand language. Yet all around us we know that some organisations are unable to take advantage of the wisdom here. This is basic stuff – 101 primer, but it comes in the type of “simple, but not easy”. Utterly brilliant.

Thank you, Roger. Do you own a business or thinking about starting a business?

It’s my pleasure, George. I’ve started several, bizarrely with an unusually low failure rate, mainly in the supply of software services to investment banks. I sold out some years ago, took some time to look after my son, and then fell into “Obliquity”, a term coined by Sir John Black of ICI, when he first discovered that the best way of achieving an objective was not always the obvious way. It’s worked well for me, and I’m considering if it’s possible to teach others quickly and effectively as a change of direction, rather than doing it myself. What I find frustrating is the number of people who could do well, not taking the small steps that would transform their lives.

We live in a world that craves attention. If you give your attention to a person, or to a meeting, to a seminar etc. just one person can influence the outcome to get the best result for everyone – but particularly themselves. And yet nobody does this. I’ve found it particularly useful in a commodity – like market where clients will dump you for a cheaper competitor in a heartbeat. It took me years to realise that if you sold a commodity, there was no USP other than yourself and a cunning plan. The wasted time spent trying to differentiate our offering from the rest was ridiculous. Besides, if by some miracle you came up with something, the entire market could copy it.

Sorry, George, I wasn’t intending to write this much – it’s just on my mind at the moment. Take care!

I appreciate the detail in your response.

Thank you, George Meszaros, for writing this article! It contained a lot of information that made sense to me, in like normal person writing. I want to start a business after I get into high school, yeah I know, the chances of success are about 20%, if I had to guess, but I am putting in the work now. But thanks for writing this article it’s very helpful.

Thank you for the kind words, Justin. Good luck in high school.

Did you have it easy when you started up as an entrepreneur?

I don’t think anyone had it easy when started a business. Starting a business is hard.

Thank you very much for this article. I think this is the best article ever on why businesses fail. Thank you, and keep it up.

Thank you for the kind words, Dmitriy 😉

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How Biden Adopted Trump’s Trade War With China

The president has proposed new barriers to electric vehicles, steel and other goods..

This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email [email protected] with any questions.

From “The New York Times,” I’m Sabrina Tavernise, and this is “The Daily.”

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Donald Trump upended decades of American policy when he started a trade war with China. Many thought that President Biden would reverse those policies. Instead, he’s stepping them up. Today, my colleague, Jim Tankersley, explains.

It’s Monday, May 13.

Jim, it’s very nice to have you in the studio.

It’s so great to be here, Sabrina. Thank you so much.

So we are going to talk today about something I find very interesting and I know you’ve been following. We’re in the middle of a presidential campaign. You are an economics reporter looking at these two candidates, and you’ve been trying to understand how Trump and Biden are thinking about our number one economic rival, and that is China.

As we know, Trump has been very loud and very clear about his views on China. What about Biden?

Well, no one is going to accuse President Biden of being as loud as former President Trump. But I think he’s actually been fairly clear in a way that might surprise a lot of people about how he sees economic competition with China.

We’re going after China in the wrong way. China is stealing intellectual property. China is conditioning —

And Biden has, kind of surprisingly, sounded a lot, in his own Joe Biden way, like Trump.

They’re not competing. They’re cheating. They’re cheating. And we’ve seen the damage here in America.

He has been very clear that he thinks China is cheating in trade.

The bottom line is I want fair competition with China, not conflict. And we’re in a stronger position to win the economic competition of the 21st century against China or anyone else because we’re investing in America and American workers again. Finally.

And maybe the most surprising thing from a policy perspective is just how much Biden has built on top of the anti-China moves that Trump made and really is the verge of his own sort of trade war with China.

Interesting. So remind us, Jim, what did Trump do when he actually came into office? We, of course, remember Trump really talking about China and banging that drum hard during the campaign, but remind us what he actually did when he came into office.

Yeah, it’s really instructive to start with the campaign, because Trump is talking about China in some very specific ways.

We have a $500 billion deficit, trade deficit, with China. We’re going to turn it around. And we have the cards. Don’t forget —

They’re ripping us off. They’re stealing our jobs.

They’re using our country as a piggy bank to rebuild China, and many other countries are doing the same thing. So we’re losing our good jobs, so many.

The economic context here is the United States has lost a couple of million jobs in what was called the China shock of the early 2000s. And Trump is tapping into that.

But when the Chinese come in, and they want to make great trade deals — and they make the best trade deals, and not anymore. When I’m there, we turn it around, folks. We turn it around. We have —

And what he’s promising as president is that he’s going to bring those jobs back.

I’ll be the greatest jobs president that God ever created. I’ll take them back from China, from Japan.

And not just any jobs, good-paying manufacturing jobs, all of it — clothes, shoes, steel, all of these jobs that have been lost that American workers, particularly in the industrial Midwest, used to do. Trump’s going to bring them back with policy meant to rebalance the trade relationship with China to get a better deal with China.

So he’s saying China is eating our lunch and has been for decades. That’s the reason why factory workers in rural North Carolina don’t have work. It’s those guys. And I’m going to change that.

Right. And he likes to say it’s because our leaders didn’t cut the right deal with them, so I’m going to make a better deal. And to get a better deal, you need leverage. So a year into his presidency, he starts taking steps to amass leverage with China.

And so what does that look like?

Just an hour ago, surrounded by a hand-picked group of steelworkers, President Trump revealed he was not bluffing.

It starts with tariffs. Tariffs are taxes that the government imposes on imports.

Two key global imports into America now face a major new barrier.

Today, I’m defending America’s national security by placing tariffs on foreign imports of steel and aluminum.

And in this case, it’s imports from a lot of different countries, but particularly China.

Let’s take it straight to the White House. The president of the United States announcing new trade tariffs against China. Let’s listen in.

This has been long in the making. You’ve heard —

So Trump starts, in 2018, this series of tariffs that he’s imposing on all sorts of things — washing machines, solar panels, steel, aluminum. I went to Delaware to a lighting store at that time, I remember, where basically everything they sold came from China and was subject to the Trump tariffs, because that’s where lighting was made now.

Interesting.

Hundreds of billions of dollars of Chinese goods now start falling under these Trump tariffs. The Chinese, of course, don’t take this lying down.

China says it is not afraid of a trade war with the US, and it’s fighting back against President Trump with its own tariffs on US goods.

They do their own retaliatory tariffs. Now American exports to China cost more for Chinese consumers. And boom, all of a sudden, we are in the midst of a full-blown trade war between the United States and Beijing.

Right. And that trade war was kind of a shock because for decades, politicians had avoided that kind of policy. It was the consensus of the political class in the United States that there should not be tariffs like that. It should be free trade. And Trump just came in and blew up the consensus.

Yeah. And Sabrina, I may have mentioned this once or 700 times before on this program, but I talk to a lot of economists in my job.

Yeah, it’s weird. I talk to a lot of economists. And in 2018 when this started, there were very, very, very few economists of any political persuasion who thought that imposing all these tariffs were a good idea. Republican economists in particular, this is antithetical to how they think about the world, which is low taxes, free trade. And even Democratic economists who thought they had some problems with the way free trade had been conducted did not think that Trump’s “I’m going to get a better deal” approach was going to work. And so there was a lot of criticism at the time, and a lot of politicians really didn’t like it, a lot of Democrats, many Republicans. And it all added up to just a real, whoa, I don’t think this is going to work.

So that begs the question, did it?

Well, it depends on what you mean by work. Economically, it does not appear to have achieved what Trump wanted. There’s no evidence yet in the best economic research that’s been done on this that enormous amounts of manufacturing jobs came back to the United States because of Trump’s tariffs. There was research, for example, on the tariffs on washing machines. They appear to have helped a couple thousand jobs, manufacturing jobs be created in the United States, but they also raised the price of washing machines for everybody who bought them by enough that each additional job that was created by those tariffs effectively cost consumers, like, $800,000 per job.

There’s like lots of evidence that the sectors Trump was targeting to try to help here, he didn’t. There just wasn’t a lot of employment rebound to the United States. But politically, it really worked. The tariffs were very popular. They had this effect of showing voters in those hollowed-out manufacturing areas that Trump was on their team and that he was fighting for them. Even if they didn’t see the jobs coming back, they felt like he was standing up for them.

So the research suggests this was a savvy political move by Trump. And in the process, it sort of changes the political economic landscape in both parties in the United States.

Right. So Trump made these policies that seemed, for many, many years in the American political system, fringe, isolationist, economically bad, suddenly quite palatable and even desirable to mainstream policymakers.

Yeah. Suddenly getting tough on China is something everyone wants to do across both parties. And so from a political messaging standpoint, being tough on China is now where the mainstream is. But at the same time, there is still big disagreement over whether Trump is getting tough on China in the right way, whether he’s actually being effective at changing the trade relationship with China.

Remember that Trump was imposing these tariffs as a way to get leverage for a better deal with China. Well, he gets a deal of sorts, actually, with the Chinese government, which includes some things about tariffs, and also China agreeing to buy some products from the United States. Trump spins it as this huge win, but nobody else really, including Republicans, acts like Trump has solved the problem that Trump himself has identified. This deal is not enough to make everybody go, well, everything’s great with China now. We can move on to the next thing.

China remains this huge issue. And the question of what is the most effective way to deal with them is still an animating force in politics.

Got it. So politically, huge win, but policy-wise and economically, and fundamentally, the problem of China still very much unresolved.

Absolutely.

So then Biden comes in. What does Biden do? Does he keep the tariffs on?

Biden comes to office, and there remains this real pressure from economists to roll back what they consider to be the ineffective parts of Trump’s trade policy. That includes many of the tariffs. And it’s especially true at a time when almost immediately after Biden takes office, inflation spikes. And so Americans are paying a lot of money for products, and there’s this pressure on Biden, including from inside his administration, to roll back some of the China tariffs to give Americans some relief on prices.

And Biden considers this, but he doesn’t do it. He doesn’t reverse Trump’s tariff policy. In the end, he’s actually building on it.

We’ll be right back.

So Jim, you said that Biden is actually building on Trump’s anti-China policy. What exactly does that look like?

So Biden builds on the Trump China policy in three key ways, but he does it with a really specific goal that I just want you to keep in mind as we talk about all of this, which is that Biden isn’t just trying to beat China on everything. He’s not trying to cut a better deal. Biden is trying to beat China in a specific race to own the clean-energy future.

Clean energy.

Yeah. So keep that in mind, clean energy. And the animating force behind all of the things Biden does with China is that Biden wants to beat China on what he thinks are the jobs of the future, and that’s green technology.

Got it. OK. So what does he do first?

OK. Thing number one — let’s talk about the tariffs. He does not roll them back. And actually, he builds on them. For years, for the most part, he just lets the tariffs be. His administration reviews them. And it’s only now, this week, when his administration is going to actually act on the tariffs. And what they’re going to do is raise some of them. They’re going to raise them on strategic green tech things, like electric vehicles, in order to make them more expensive.

And I think it’s important to know the backdrop here, which is since Biden has taken office, China has started flooding global markets with really low-cost green technologies. Solar panels, electric vehicles are the two really big ones. And Biden’s aides are terrified that those imports are going to wash over the United States and basically wipe out American automakers, solar panel manufacturers, that essentially, if Americans can just buy super-cheap stuff from China, they’re not going to buy it from American factories. Those factories are going to go out of business.

So Biden’s goal of manufacturing jobs in clean energy, China is really threatening that by dumping all these products on the American market.

Exactly. And so what he wants to do is protect those factories with tariffs. And that means increasing the tariffs that Trump put on electric vehicles in hopes that American consumers will find them too expensive to buy.

But doesn’t that go against Biden’s goal of clean energy and things better for the environment? Lots of mass-market electric vehicles into the United States would seem to advance that goal. And here, he’s saying, no, you can’t come in.

Right, because Biden isn’t just trying to reduce emissions at all costs. He wants to reduce emissions while boosting American manufacturing jobs. He doesn’t want China to get a monopoly in these areas. And he’s also, in particular, worried about the politics of lost American manufacturing jobs. So Biden does not want to just let you buy cheaper Chinese technologies, even if that means reducing emissions.

He wants to boost American manufacturing of those things to compete with China, which brings us to our second thing that Biden has done to build on Trump’s China policy, which is that Biden has started to act like the Chinese government in particular areas by showering American manufacturers with subsidies.

I see. So dumping government money into American businesses.

Yes, tax incentives, direct grants. This is a way that China has, in the past decades, built its manufacturing dominance, is with state support for factories. Biden is trying to do that in particular targeted industries, including electric vehicles, solar power, wind power, semiconductors. Biden has passed a bunch of legislation that showers those sectors with incentives and government support in hopes of growing up much faster American industry.

Got it. So basically, Biden is trying to beat China at its own game.

Yeah, he’s essentially using tariffs to build a fortress around American industry so that he can train the troops to fight the clean energy battle with China.

And the troops being American companies.

Yes. It’s like, we’re going to give them protection — protectionist policy — in order to get up to size, get up to strength as an army in this battle for clean energy dominance against the Chinese.

Got it. So he’s trying to build up the fortress. What’s the third thing Biden does? You mentioned three things.

Biden does not want the United States going it alone against China. He’s trying to build an international coalition, wealthy countries and some other emerging countries that are going to take on China and try to stop the Chinese from using their trade playbook to take over all these new emerging industrial markets.

But, Jim, why? What does the US get from bringing our allies into this trade war? Why does the US want that?

Some of this really is about stopping China from gaining access to new markets. It’s like, if you put the low-cost Chinese exports on a boat, and it’s going around the world, looking for a dock to stop and offload the stuff and sell it, Biden wants barriers up at every possible port. And he wants factories in those places that are competing with the Chinese.

And a crucial fact to know here is that the United States and Europe, they are behind China when it comes to clean-energy technology. The Chinese government has invested a lot more than America and Europe in building up its industrial capacity for clean energy. So America and its allies want to deny China dominance of those markets and to build up their own access to them.

And they’re behind, so they’ve got to get going. It’s like they’re in a race, and they’re trailing.

Yeah, it’s an economic race to own these industries, and it’s that global emissions race. They also want to be bringing down fossil-fuel emissions faster than they currently are, and this is their plan.

So I guess, Jim, the question in my mind is, Trump effectively broke the seal, right? He started all of these tariffs. He started this trade war with China. But he did it in this kind of jackhammer, non-targeted way, and it didn’t really work economically. Now Biden is taking it a step further. But the question is, is his effort here going to work?

The answer to whether it’s going to work really depends on what your goals are. And Biden and Trump have very different goals. If Trump wins the White House back, he has made very clear that his goal is to try to rip the United States trade relationship with China even more than he already has. He just wants less trade with China and more stuff of all types made in the United States that used to be made in China. That’s a very difficult goal, but it’s not Biden’s goal.

Biden’s goal is that he wants America to make more stuff in these targeted industries. And there is real skepticism from free-market economists that his industrial policies will work on that, but there’s a lot of enthusiasm for it from a new strain of Democratic economists, in particular, who believe that the only chance Biden has to make that work is by pulling all of these levers, by doing the big subsidies and by putting up the tariffs, that you have to have both the troops training and the wall around them. And if it’s going to work, he has to build on the Trump policies. And so I guess you’re asking, will it work? It may be dependent upon just how far he’s willing to go on the subsidies and the barriers.

There’s a chance of it.

So, Jim, at the highest level, whatever the economic outcome here, it strikes me that these moves by Biden are pretty remarkably different from the policies of the Democratic Party over the decades, really going in the opposite direction. I’m thinking of Bill Clinton and NAFTA in the 1990s. Free trade was the real central mantra of the Democratic Party, really of both parties.

Yeah, and Biden is a real break from Clinton. And Clinton was the one who actually signed the law that really opened up trade with China, and Biden’s a break from that. He’s a break from even President Obama when he was vice president. Biden is doing something different. He’s breaking from that Democratic tradition, and he’s building on what Trump did, but with some throwback elements to it from the Roosevelt administration and the Eisenhower administration. This is this grand American tradition of industrial policy that gave us the space race and the interstate highway system. It’s the idea of using the power of the federal government to build up specific industrial capacities. It was in vogue for a time. It fell out of fashion and was replaced by this idea that the government should get out of the way, and you let the free market drive innovation. And now that industrial policy idea is back in vogue, and Biden is doing it.

So it isn’t just a shift or an evolution. It’s actually a return to big government spending of the ‘30s and the ‘40s and the ‘50s of American industrialism of that era. So what goes around comes around.

Yeah, and it’s a return to that older economic theory with new elements. And it’s in part because of the almost jealousy that American policymakers have of China and the success that it’s had building up its own industrial base. But it also has this political element to it. It’s, in part, animated by the success that Trump had making China an issue with working-class American voters.

You didn’t have to lose your job to China to feel like China was a stand-in for the forces that have taken away good-paying middle-class jobs from American workers who expected those jobs to be there. And so Trump tapped into that. And Biden is trying to tap into that. And the political incentives are pushing every future American president to do more of that. So I think we are going to see even more of this going forward, and that’s why we’re in such an interesting moment right now.

So we’re going to see more fortresses.

More fortresses, more troops, more money.

Jim, thank you.

You’re welcome.

Here’s what else you should know today. Intense fighting between Hamas fighters and Israeli troops raged in parts of Northern Gaza over the weekend, an area where Israel had declared Hamas defeated earlier in the war, only to see the group reconstitute in the power vacuum that was left behind. The persistent lawlessness raised concerns about the future of Gaza among American officials. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on “Face the Nation” on Sunday that the return of Hamas to the North left him concerned that Israeli victories there would be, quote, “not sustainable,” and said that Israel had not presented the United States with any plan for when the war ends.

And the United Nations aid agency in Gaza said early on Sunday that about 300,000 people had fled from Rafah over the past week, the city in the enclave’s southernmost tip where more than a million displaced Gazans had sought shelter from Israeli bombardments elsewhere. The UN made the announcement hours after the Israeli government issued new evacuation orders in Rafah, deepening fears that the Israeli military was preparing to invade the city despite international warnings.

Today’s episode was produced by Nina Feldman, Carlos Prieto, Sidney Harper, and Luke Vander Ploeg. It was edited by M.J. Davis Lin, Brendan Klinkenberg, and Lisa Chow. Contains original music by Diane Wong, Marion Lozano, and Dan Powell, and was engineered by Alyssa Moxley. Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly.

That’s it for “The Daily.” I’m Sabrina Tavernise. See you tomorrow.

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Hosted by Sabrina Tavernise

Produced by Nina Feldman ,  Carlos Prieto ,  Sydney Harper and Luke Vander Ploeg

Edited by M.J. Davis Lin ,  Brendan Klinkenberg and Lisa Chow

Original music by Diane Wong ,  Marion Lozano and Dan Powell

Engineered by Alyssa Moxley

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Donald Trump upended decades of American policy when he started a trade war with China. Many thought that President Biden would reverse those policies. Instead, he’s stepping them up.

Jim Tankersley, who covers economic policy at the White House, explains.

On today’s episode

Jim Tankersley , who covers economic policy at the White House for The New York Times.

Background reading

Mr. Biden, competing with Mr. Trump to be tough on China , called for steel tariffs last month.

The Biden administration may raise tariffs on electric vehicles from China to 100 percent .

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