how to write reference page for resume

How to List References on a Resume [w/ Examples]

You’ve applied for an office position. You can’t wait to get an interview with the HR department.

Everything seems good to go, but now, the HR asked you for a list of your references.

So, how do you do this?

Are you supposed to attach it to your resume? Who do you include in your resume references? Is there a custom format style? 

Well, kick back and relax because we’re here to help answer all your uncertainties!

Read on to learn everything you need to know about listing references on a resume.

• Whether you should or shouldn’t put a reference sheet on your resume.
• How to properly list references on a resume (with pro-tips).
• The best way to format a “References” section.
• Helpful resume references examples.

Should You Include References on a Resume? 

The general common practice that the majority of resume experts agree on is that you should NOT add a list of references to your resume . 

Because, generally, the HR department doesn’t have time to go through every candidate’s list of references. They have a lot more important things to do than reach out to all the references every single candidate ever provided.

That’s why references aren’t requested until after your interview has gone well or right before you are hired.

But here’s the thing: 

That’s not an unshakable no.

If the job description explicitly states that you should include references on your resume, without question, include one! 

This is very straightforward on its own, you’ll know when you see it. 

Some consulting firms, for example, tend to ask for testimonials on your performance from previous employers before they hire you. 

In this case, it's best if you do include the contact information of the people providing you with their positive feedback, so the HR can check how legitimate they are.

Bottom line: 

Every word on your resume should be full of value and quality. References add unnecessary space. Insert them only when required or if you’re asked to submit testimonials.

Want to save time? Get your resume done in under 5 minutes, with our resume builder . Quick and simple, ready-made templates that will do all the work for you.  

How to List References on a Resume [+ Example]

Now, let’s say you’re requested to provide a list of references. 

What’s the best way to display it? 

• Reference's First Name & Last Name - Tim Borden
• Professional Position / Title - Marketing Coordinator
• Name of the Reference's Company - Zen Corporation
• Business Address - Blaine Ave
• City, State, Zip of Company - Atlantic City, NJ, 07030
• Phone Number of Reference - (600) 753 9216
• Email Address of Reference - [email protected]

It’s best to stay ahead of the game. 

Keeping a list of possible references is something that should be done in advance, even when you’re not looking for a job. 

When you’re searching for a new position, you want to have a list of several names to contact. 

You wouldn’t want to struggle coming up with good fits on short notice, would you? 

Here are some more tips to keep in mind: 

You should always start your list with your biggest fan first : your most important and impressive reference. 

And no, this shouldn’t be your mom. Instead, you’d want your previous boss to vouch for you. 

Busy employers may not contact all of your references, but they will likely start at the top of the list. Glowing recommendations shouldn’t be left last!

What’s more, it’s important to clarify your relationship . 

It’s crucial to include what your working relationship to the reference is and how long you’ve known them for. 

But do not overshare . Don’t add more than the items we mentioned on the list unless required. 

And never include the personal mail addresses of your references for two reasons:

They will surely not be contacted via snail mail. 

And they might not want all of their personal information shared. 

Last, but not least:

Choose your references appropriately. 

Always choose the best references for the specific job under consideration. 

Let’s say you want to assert your marketing skills. In this situation, you could seek references from a former boss who can attest to that. Somebody like the Head of Marketing or Chief Marketing Officer . 

How to Format a Resume References Section 

Learning how to arrange a reference section is just as vital as other sections of your resume or cover letter. 

A messy, carelessly formatted reference page will lose your employer's interest. 

So how do you write one that’s eye-catching and professional?

First, put your references on a separate sheet . Add an exclusive reference page, as the last page of your resume. 

Keep the same format for your reference sheet as your resume and cover letter, meaning use the same font, margins, and color scheme. 

• Start off at the very top with your name, address, and phone number. You should place this information on that side of the page that fits the look of your cover letter and resume. (left, right or in the middle).
• Next, write the date. Then start with your employer's information in this specific order: name, job position, company name, and company address.
• Finally, follow up with a preferred title/subtitle: name the section References or Professional References .

If you’ve included personal references as well, you could also add “Personal References” as a subtitle. 

Use the formatting we discussed in the previous section to list your references.

Ditch the common “References available upon request”. 

This is a frequent mistake. Employers formerly know this and it’s an overworked phrase. The general rule of thumb is to keep your resume as brief as possible. Why misuse the space? 

How Many References Should You Include in Your Resume? 

Though there really isn’t a written rule anywhere about how many references you should include, the most fitting number would be three to five . 

Based on your career level though, there is a general division of two groups:

Regular and/or first-time job seekers , should usually provide 3 to 4. 

Whereas people applying for senior roles should include a longer list: about 5 to 7 references. 

In that case, it’s sufficient to list one reference for all the different points in your professional record. 

Who is a Good Reference For Your Resume? 

It’s important that all the references in your resume are all deliberately selected individuals . 

Everyone’s aunt thinks that they are special, but what does your previous manager think about your work ethic?

To figure out who’s a good reference for you, you should take personal experience into consideration: that means what stage in your career you’re currently in. 

Because you’d list different people at different points in your career. 

If you are a student or recent graduate with little to no work practice, you would want to get references from:

• Guidance tutors or counselors
• Course teachers and professors 

Any of these people can speak positively about your best skills, qualities, and experiences. 

When you have some professional background, however, even at an entry-level position , you have more variety in selecting a good reference. 

You could use former colleagues or managers as well as project , master , doctorate supervisors from your most current studies. 

If you are a professional candidate , this process becomes simpler as your preferred references will be more acquainted with giving and requesting references. 

• If you don’t have a lot of professional references to count on, you can reach out to just about anyone that can provide you with a valuable character reference.
• If a friend works in the company you are applying to, you could also use them as a reference.

Other important things you should consider:

• Ask for permission and say thank you. Fill in your references before handing over their contact information to an eventual employer. It’s solely common courtesy. Send them a copy of your resume as well, so that both of you are in harmony for when the manager calls. Don’t forget to be grateful either. If you get the job, take them out on lunch to properly say thank you. Follow up, a little acknowledgment can go a long way! 
• DO NOT use family members. This is unconventional and discouraged. The people you use as references should be unrelated to you, in a familial sense. Of course, our mothers have countless nice things to say about us, but their opinion isn’t relevant on a resume. It might also appear as though you don’t have enough people to vouch for you. 
• Avoid people you’ve confronted. Be careful in not adding individuals you are or have once been in professional conflict with. You can never be too sure if they’re still holding a grudge against you. Play it safe. 
• Make sure they are comfortable. Especially if they’re a person you are currently still working with, confirm they are okay with you searching for a new job. If you’re trying to keep it a secret from your employer though, it’s best not to ask a current coworker at all. You can never know for certain how ethical or pleased with your success one is. 

In the end, the basic point of a reference is for the employers to get a true reflection of your work ethics, background, character, and personality. 

Find people who can properly display all of the above for you.

3+ Good & Bad Resume Reference Sheet Examples

So many rules! 

But don’t worry - we have some great examples for you to help put them into practice: 

GOOD EXAMPLE:

MY BEST AND FAVORITE REFERENCE - inappropriate title 

Martha Payne - a family member as a reference 

2809 Candlelight Drive - including home address

870-294-1238 - wrong listing order, the reference phone number should be second to last

Nursing Assistant - unrelated to your industry or position

Newlife Hospital

4164 Fittro Street 

Lurton, AR, 72848

[email protected]

Martha is my auntie. She’s not only a well-respected member of the community but a remarkable nurse. She was the one who raised me and I consider her my mother. She knows me better than anybody else and I couldn’t have chosen a better person to speak of my character. - prolonged and unprofessional description 

References available upon request - overused unnecessary phrase

• providing them only one reference 

Key Takeaways

Here’s a recap of what we learned in this post:

• References ARE NOT supposed to be on your resume. So when in doubt, DON’T include a list to your resume. 
• On rare occasions though, references may be added on a resume. If you decide to do so, put your list on a separate sheet. Don’t forget to match it to the style of your cover letter and resume.
• Be intelligent with your reference choices. Your number of references should correspond to your career stage. Put your most glowing references on the top. Selected those who are closest to your line of work. Avoid people you’ve ever had professional conflicts with.
• Be diplomatic. Always ask for permission before listing them as references. Email them a copy so that you’re both on the same page. Don’t forget to thank them afterward. 
• Use the correct formatting. List your references precisely as we showed you in this guide. There’s a definite, proper way to arrange entries and the structure of the page itself - don’t contradict it. Use the examples we gave you as a guide.

Suggested readings:

• How to Write a Resume & Land That Job? [21+ Examples]
• What to Put On a Resume [7+ Job-Winning Sections]
• CV vs. Resume - What are the Differences & Definitions [+ Examples]

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How to List References on Your Resume (With Examples)

7 min read · Updated on March 27, 2024

To include references on your resume or not? That is the question

At some point in your job search, an employer, recruiter, or HR professional is likely to ask you for a list of resume references. Many people will include a list of references right on their resume, or at least allude to the fact that references are available. The big question is… should you do either of these things?

If you're at the point of your job search where you need to know how to list references on your resume (or whether you should include them at all), you've come to the right place. In this article, we'll cover the following topics:

Whether you're supposed to put references on a resume

Why you should (or shouldn't) include resume references 

Where your references belong – and how to write them up

Who qualifies as a good resume reference

Let's get started!

Are you supposed to put references on a resume?

No, you are not supposed to put references on a resume

Instead, focus on providing the details that will convince a recruiter or hiring manager to contact you for an interview. Remember, your cover letter and resume are designed to get you the interview. The details you highlight on the resume during the job search should support this goal.

While it varies from company to company, most employers won't ask for your resume references until they're ready to reach out to them. This typically doesn't happen until you've made it through the initial interview rounds and are among the final candidates for a job. If, for any reason, an employer wants your references earlier in the process, rest assured they'll give you a chance to provide them. There's no need to place references on your resume when they won't be used until you're one of the final candidates.

That said, you should brainstorm a list of potential resume references as soon as you start submitting job applications, so you're ready when a prospective employer has specifically requested your professional references.

Why not include references on a resume?

Including references on a resume is simply a waste of space

Resume real estate is valuable and, as you know, when it comes to writing your resume, you only get so many pages to work with. Don't waste that space by putting a resume references section or adding the phrase “References available upon request.” 

Many employers usually won't ask for this information until you're further along in the interview process - and they know you'll provide references if they request them. Additionally, adding references to your resume can cause your application to get hung up in the applicant tracking system, or ATS , the software the company uses to manage candidates.

ATS can be programmed to automatically email references when they're found in the scanning process. If your reference doesn't respond to the automated message sent out by the ATS, your application could get caught in a pending status.

Where do you put references, if not on a resume?

Rather than putting references on your resume, type them up on a separate document

On a separate reference page, include the person's first name and last name, current job title and company name, email address, and phone number. Be sure to check with each of your professional references ahead of time, to confirm that the person is willing to be your reference and to verify which phone number and email address they'd like you to share with employers.

It's also helpful to add a line that explains to the reader how you've come to know this reference. For example,

It could be as simple as mentioning that you “worked together in Company XYZ's marketing department from July 2015 to November 2017,” or 

That your professional reference was your “direct supervisor at ABC Institute between 2018 and 2019.” 

You don't have to write a paragraph explaining your relationship to a reference, but it's nice to provide the employer or hiring manager with a little context.

When you type up your best resume references, consider using the same header information and font style that was used for your resume, so that the documents appear to be part of one overall package - even if they're not attached to one another. 

Resume references example: how to write your references

For example, if we were writing up resume references to accompany Alexa Campbell's resume , they might look something like this: 

Who should you ask to be a reference?

When choosing your professional references, select three to five people who have insight into your hard and soft skills and who you trust to say good things about you and your job performance. 

A good rule of thumb is to have at least three professional references – five if you're applying for an executive position. 

EXPERT TIP: If you opt to have more than three to five professional references, then the extras can be personal references. 

As you approach each person you want to have as a reference, give them an idea of the position you're applying for and how your skills match the role. This will help them know what to say when they're contacted. 

For the professional references

Try to find professional references who know about your skills and can talk about your career achievements in a way that aligns with what the job wants. Most of the time, your professional references will be talking about your hard skills – the things you know how to do from education and experience. 

Professional resume references examples include:

Former supervisors or managers

A leader at a place you volunteer

For the personal references

It is okay to have personal references, but you should never provide personal references INSTEAD OF professional references. Always, always give professional references first and then personal ones. You'd list the same details about your personal references as you do the professional references – Name, Title (who they are to you), phone, and email. Adding a couple of personal references can help boost your candidacy, as these folks will probably talk a lot about your soft skills , which employers value. 

Personal resume references examples include (note that not a single personal reference in the following list is a relative – your mom and grandma should not appear on your reference list!):

Academic Advisors

Sports Coach

Members of your network

Maximize resume space to improve job search impact

Having a good set of resume references to lean on while you search for a job is great, as they can help you get from interview to job offer. However, because of the limited space on your resume, you should create a separate document that contains just your references.

Remember, the goal of your resume is to get an interview. Before you sit down to speak with the hiring manager or recruiter, your references aren't going to help you. As such, you should aim to include only those details on your resume that will win an interview. 

When it's time to give your references to a hiring manager, make sure that you have a carefully curated list of contacts that can confidently speak to your abilities and how your skills match up with what the company is hiring for. 

Is your resume not getting results? Request a free review to find out how your resume is falling short .

This article was originally written by Amanda Augustine and has been updated by Marsha Hebert. 

Recommended reading:

What to Remove From Your Resume Right Away

How to Keep a Bad Reference From Ruining Your Career

Everything You Need to Know About References for Your Job Search

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

Why You Lose When You Lie on Your Resume: Learning From Mina Chang

See how your resume stacks up.

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How to List References on a Resume in 2022 (with Examples & Tips)

In this guide, we will cover everything you need to know about including references on a resume, from how to format them to how to know when they should be included at all.

Beautiful resume templates to land your dream job

Should I Put References on a Resume?

The answer to whether or not to put references on your resume can vary. 

The general rule of thumb when is actually to not include references on your resume .

This is because employers are unlikely to reach to references until the interview phase, making the inclusion of them on an initial resume typically unnecessary.

This does not mean that there are never scenarios in which you will need to know how to properly list references.

For specific jobs and in certain situations, you may be asked or required to include a list of references within or alongside your resume. 

When you need strong references, it's important to structure them so that they stand out and impress the hiring manager, landing you the pivotal interview. 

In this guide, we will be covering the basics of how listing references on your resumes and when to know it’s time to use references.

Plus, we will discuss alternatives to sending references that can help you in situations where sending a reference may be a difficult task. 

How to List References on a Resume

When it comes to listing references on a resume, there are two main ways you can go about it:

1) Make a Dedicated Reference Section

Making a dedicated reference section involves making the space on your existing resume to include a short section with information on your references.

2) Create a Separate Reference Page (recommended)

More often than not, job applicants who have chosen to include references on their resume will do so on an entirely separate page to be included with the resume. 

The second option of listing your references on a separate page is actually the preferred and recommended method.

This is because references are not generally expected to be included on an initial resume and can take up unnecessary space that may be off-putting to hiring managers.

Comparatively, a separate page of references gives the hiring manager the opportunity to look more closely at the information in the resume without becoming visually disoriented by too many sections.

Hint: Not sure how to list other sections of your resume? Check out our Resume Guides to learn more about how to craft each section of your resume. 

When to Put References on a Resume

So, if it is typically not expected to have references included on an initial resume, when is the best time to include references on a resume?

Creating a reference section or page can be necessary depending on a number of situations, including:

• If the employer has specifically requested for references to be included in the job description
• If you have progressed further down the hiring process and have been asked to provide references before or after an interview
• If you are applying to governmental or institutional position, such as a federal job, that will require strong references and a background check

Quick Tip: If you have impressive references, such as a company CEO or another recognizable figure, be sure to make these the most noticeable references and the first ones you list in your reference section. 

Overall, the golden rule is to wait to provide references until they are requested.  

Examples of References on Resumes

Let’s take a look at a few examples of references on resumes to learn more about common mistakes made when crafting a reference and how to correct them. 

It is highly important to include the necessary information to contact a reference – just a name and company is not enough. You should always include at least an official business number and an official business email in your references. 

John Doe CEO of Doe Corporation  123 Avenue Way, New York, NY

John Doe CEO of Doe Corporation 123 Avenue Way (123) 456-9890 [email protected] 

Always be specific when including the reference’s job position or title.

Don’t just list the name of the company without the exact job title to go along with it.

If you are unsure of a reference’s job title, ask them before submitting your references to an employer. 

Jane Smith Works for corporate at Best Buy 42 Wallaby Way (123) 456-7890 [email protected]

Jane Smith Head of Marketing and Sales Best Buy 42 Wallaby Way (123) 456-7890 [email protected]

‍ How to Format a References Section on a Resume

Formatting a reference section will ultimately depend on if it is being created within a larger resume or separately on a different page.

For on-resume reference sections, it is important to keep them as short as possible, potentially even excluding some of the basic information. 

If you are including references directly on a resume, you will likely only want to include one or two of your most relevant and impressive ones in order to not take up too much space. 

When making a separate page for references, you can simply stack them as you would jobs in a work experience section , placing emphasis on relevance in how the references are ordered. 

The Basic Reference Format:

• First and Last name
• Position or Title (i.e. CEO, professor of law, etc.)
• Company or University of Employment
• Company or University Address ( not personal addresses)
• Company or University Phone number
• Company or University Email Address

It is important when writing out your references that you do not include personal information about the reference, such as a personal cellphone number or email, without their explicit permission.

It is best to just air on the side of caution and only include official and public contact information. 

There is, of course, optional additional information you may want or choose to include within a reference.

This can include:

• Your relationship to the reference
• The length of time you worked with this reference
• Examples of experiences or projects that you and a reference shared work on that they can provide greater detail about

As for formatting the rest of your resume, don’t forget to check out our other guides in this series including How to Write the Perfect Resume and How to Choose the Correct Resume Format !

What Not to Include in a Reference on a Resume

We have already covered the basics of what to include and how to format a basic reference – but what kind of information should be excluded from a reference on a resume. 

Here is a quick breakdown of what kinds of information should be excluded from a reference:

• Any personal information
• Lengthy descriptions of your relationship to the reference
• Personal anecdotes or other non-essential information
• Too many references from the same company or employer

You ultimately want to provide concise references that are easy to ready quickly and clearly show why that person has been included as a reference.

Take a look at these two examples on correcting reference errors:

When including additional information, keep it to one line or less of the most relevant information.

Additionally, keep additional specific and don’t use vague wording such as “several years.”

Incorrect :

Jack Frost CEO of Frost Inc. 21 East Avenue (123) 456-7890 [email protected] I worked closely with Jack for a number of years and learned a lot from him that contributed to my skills today. 

Jack Frost CEO of Frost Inc. 21 East Avenue (123) 456-7890 [email protected] I worked as Mr. Frost’s personal and administrative assistant for 8 years.

When making your list of references you plan of including, it is important to not include too many from the same company.

You should only really include two references from the same company if each reference witnessed different skills or accomplishments of yours that the other did not. 

You worked at a corporate company in the communications department as a copywriter, and you have worked with both junior and senior level copywriters who you have included as references.  

You include only the senior copywriter as a reference, as they can better attest to your skills and their position is more impressive and relevant to the job you are seeking. 

How Many References to Add to a Resume

Assuming you are using a separate, dedicated references page, the ideal number of references to aim for is between 3 to 4.

In some cases, you may include up to 5 to 6 references, though generally you should limit yourself to a lower number unless specifically requested to do otherwise. 

When selecting your 3 to 4 references, it is important to keep a few factors in mind:

• Which references hold the highest prestige in their positions, making their inclusion on a references page notable?
• Which references can provide the most relevant information about your work ethic and skills for the job you are currently applying for?
• Which references do you have the strongest relationships with who will go above and beyond to recommend you to a hiring manager?

Who to Ask for References

As you are creating your list of potential references to contact, there are a number of different types of people you can consider including.

It is important to keep in consideration how a reference can relate back to the job you are applying for, and whether their testimony of your work ethic and skills will be relevant enough for the desired position. 

Here are some common examples of who to include as references:

• Former employer or manager
• Supervisor or low-level management
• Coworker, colleague, or team member
• College professor
• Internship supervisor 
• Community member (typically used when a job applicant has limited references but has connections within the community who can validate their experience and skills)
• Business partners (this can be anyone you worked on a project with or shared a similar business experience with)

How to Ask for a Reference

Asking for professional references can be a bit nerve-wrecking, especially if your references are busy people.

The key to asking for references is to be polite and concise in your request. A direct phone call is preferred for asking for references, but a quick email can work in a pinch as well. 

When asking someone to serve as a reference for you, it is important to be considerate of their potentially busy schedule and give them a good time frame for when to expect a call or email.

This is another reason why it is important to wait to provide references until requested, as it will give you a narrower window of time to give to your references of when they will need to be on the lookout a hiring manager to contact them. 

Quick Tip: When you call or email to ask for a reference, this is a great time to confirm that the information you have is correct (such as their specific title and business phone number).

Can People You Have a Personal Relationship with Be a Reference?

It is generally advised against to include references that have a strong personal relationship with you outside of work (such as a significant other, parent, or sibling) as this can result in a biased recommendation from the reference. 

However, exceptions can be made in certain instances, such as if you worked within a family-owned business or if the reference worked directly with you for a long period of time.

In general, however, try to avoid including references that are too personally related to you. 

Alternative Methods for Sending References

If you are a new graduate or are returning to the workforce after some time away, you may not have many recent professional references to include in a resume.

For recent grads, including one or two professors can be acceptable, but you will likely still need other references.

Here are some examples of alternative references when you lack strong professional ones:

• Volunteers you have worked with
• Professors or teachers who have recently taught you
• Community members such as church pastors or mentors who can attest to your character

Final Takeaways

Ultimately, the key to doing references right is to wait to provide them until they are requested by a hiring manager or potential employers.

Once references have been requested, remember the following five takeaways that are key for rocking your reference section:

• Create a separate and dedicated references page to go along with your resume
• Provide all the necessary official contact information
• Avoid including personal information of the reference’s 
• Avoid including references who share too personal of a connection to you
• Include the most relevant or impressive references at the top of the page

To learn more about all the elements of creating a great resume, check out our beautiful resume template designs and resume examples for inspiration!

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A quick guide on how to list references on a resume

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Should you include references on your resume?

Choosing the right references, what information do you need for a reference, tips and tricks for creating a reference sheet, a resume rolodex on the ready.

Job searching is nerve-wracking . We want our resume to leave a good first impression on hiring managers and don’t want to waste applying to positions we won’t hear back from. 

Some trial and error is inevitable when applying for jobs. There’s always a learning curve if you’re entering the workforce or switching industries. But one piece of advice will help ease the process: always tailor applications to the job posting. This includes references. 

Choosing whether to include a reference section on your resume depends on several factors, including your work experience and the job ad. We’ll discuss how to list references on a resume and when to include them.

We’ll also note how to write and format a reference list and include templates and tips to get you started.

In most cases, including references on your resume isn’t necessary — but that doesn’t mean it’s always a bad idea.

When hiring managers look at a resume, their main focus is auditing your skills and work experience to see if you qualify for the role. Based on that information, they’ll decide whether or not to invite you for an interview. Contacting references usually happens after you move past this first meeting. 

Resumes are most effective when they’re clean and concise. They get through applicant tracking systems more successfully and are easier for hiring managers to read.

When you submit a resume online, it often goes through an applicant tracking software which detects specifics the employer has outlined. If it notices these specifications, your resume moves to the next stage. According to Jobscan, 99% of Fortune 500 companies use applicant tracking systems , so it’s worth simplifying your resume by omitting references to successfully move through these. 

But that doesn't mean requiring references for a job is obsolete. You should always prepare to provide references to a potential employer by creating a resume reference list, should they ask for one.

A resume reference list is a separate document with all your references’ contact information. Recruiters, hiring managers, or direct managers may contact people on your resume reference list to verify your work history and job performance or ask behavioral questions to understand your character.

While in most cases you should only offer references when a hiring manager requests, if you’re a university student, recent grad, or a candidate applying to an entry-level position, providing references will help bolster your application.

Even if a recruiter doesn't call your references before the interview, including them is a great way to demonstrate that you’ve taken initiative to build professional relationships .

Some of the best career advice to take in earnest is to tailor your resume to each job posting. This is the best way to align your skills and experience with the company culture and job description.

Using similar language to the job description when advertising your hard and soft skills makes it easier for recruiters to immediately notice you qualify for the position. 

The same rings true when sending references. 

Imagine you’re a graphic designer applying for two positions. One is client-facing, while the other requires you to work exclusively with an internal project manager.

In the first scenario, you’ll want to include a former client that can attest to your work ethic and ability to meet deadlines and manage projects. In the latter, you’ll want to include former managers and direct supervisors to vouch for your ability to work in a more collaborative setting .

When narrowing down your choices, consider people that’ll give good character references . Choose contacts who will sing your praises and highlight your strongest qualities, skills, and qualifications.

These are the best people to include as references:

• Current or former manager or direct supervisor
• Current or former colleague
• Current or former client
• Academic advisor, professional mentor, or career coach

Make sure you’re comfortable with your references knowing you’re actively looking for a job, especially if they’re people you currently work with. Asking a present colleague or manager might create unnecessary tension at your job — especially if you aren’t committed to leaving.

It's also essential to ask people if they’re willing to be a reference for you before giving their information out. Confirm people’s preferred mode of contact before sending reference information.

Some companies require a lengthy phone call with your reference, while a brief email is enough for others. Be sure you respect your references' time and preferences by giving them time to prepare and a heads up if an interview goes well.

It’s also nice to send a thank you note to those who accept being your reference, especially if a potential employer contacts them, to express gratitude and strengthen your connection.

Writing a reference on a resume or reference sheet differs slightly. With a reference sheet, you have more room and should include the following: 

• Reference name
• Company name and current job title
• Brief description of your relationship (former colleague, previous employer, ongoing or past client)
• Number of years you worked together
• Company address, including professional phone number and email address

The way you include references on your resume will be sparser, as you’ll have less space. Here’s how to format references on a resume:

• Company name, job title, relationship
• Preferred form of contact

If you’re really tight for space, just add “References available upon request” at the bottom so employers know you have some prepared if needed.

Include 2–3 references on a resume and 3–5 on a reference sheet. Never submit your reference sheet with your resume — save it for employers that ask. You can prepare one and bring it to an interview in case they request it in the moment. 

You should also have an easily editable file to send with a follow-up email to the hiring manager if you’re asked for references during a phone or video interview. 

A reference sheet is a valuable way to prepare for an interview. Here are three tips so your document persuades recruiters : 

1. No personal info

Only include your reference's professional contact information, like a company email, address, and phone number. Don’t give away a contact's personal information unless they’ve explicitly asked you to.

Giving away someone's private information without their consent will likely catch them by surprise and could affect how they talk about you. It also looks less professional to employers. 

2. Keep it short and professional

Keep relationship descriptions short and sweet and avoid personal anecdotes or oversharing.

Here’s a good resume reference example: 

Sheryl Dove, Head Project Manager

Sheryl was my direct supervisor at [company name] from 2019 to 2022. She oversaw my work on backend software development for more than 25 apps for 12 clients.

Why it works: The description gives all the appropriate, specific information (relationship, business, and years) with number-driven information that will tie into the skills and references on your resume.

Here’s an example of what not to write: 

Sheryl Dove, Manager, [company name]

I loved working with Sheryl. She is an amazing project manager and I got to enjoy three great years with her. We worked together on lots of projects for many clients. I loved working on apps with her, and she also has the cutest dog.

Why it doesn't work: The description is unnecessarily personal and sounds like a recommendation for Sheryl rather than you. It also forces the hiring manager to do too much work to understand when and where you worked together. 

3. Provide variety

The ideal set of references will show the breadth of your career. Try not to include too many individuals from one company or only your direct supervisor in each role. Instead, provide references that reflect the variety of experiences you’ve included on your resume.

Unless you’re new to the job market or industry, it’s best to keep references off your resume and instead include a reference sheet for requests. No matter the avenue you take, you should know how to list references on a resume or prepare a reference list for when you need one. 

Scour your professional contacts and reach out to people you’ve worked directly with and had great experiences with.

Feel free to request certain information from them, like asking a reference to mention how well a specific project went or how quickly you were promoted. Your application will stand out thanks to your initiative and preparedness.

Ace your job search

Explore effective job search techniques, interview strategies, and ways to overcome job-related challenges. Our coaches specialize in helping you land your dream job.

Elizabeth Perry, ACC

Elizabeth Perry is a Coach Community Manager at BetterUp. She uses strategic engagement strategies to cultivate a learning community across a global network of Coaches through in-person and virtual experiences, technology-enabled platforms, and strategic coaching industry partnerships. With over 3 years of coaching experience and a certification in transformative leadership and life coaching from Sofia University, Elizabeth leverages transpersonal psychology expertise to help coaches and clients gain awareness of their behavioral and thought patterns, discover their purpose and passions, and elevate their potential. She is a lifelong student of psychology, personal growth, and human potential as well as an ICF-certified ACC transpersonal life and leadership Coach.

What are professional references and how to ask for one (examples)

Character references: 4 tips for a successful recommendation letter, use professional reference templates to make hiring smoother, how to ask for a letter of recommendation (with examples), how to put babysitting on a resume: 6 skills to highlight, how to answer “what are your weaknesses” with ease, functional resume: what is it & how to write one (with examples), unique skills for resumes to attract attention, 8 signs of a good interview to prove you knocked it out of the park, similar articles, add the best books for a career change to your reading list, what do employers look for in a background check, the 12 best business podcasts and why to tune in, stay connected with betterup, get our newsletter, event invites, plus product insights and research..

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How To List Your Resume References [With Formatting Examples]

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“Hi there! This is Jennifer calling from Google. The team absolutely loved you and we'd like to move forward by contacting your resume references. Can you please send them along?”

SCORE! You  finally  made it, all that work is about to pay off.

You crafted the perfect resume and cover letter . You prepared for and absolutely crushed your interviews . You're SO close you can taste it!

There's only one thing left between you and that sweet, sweet offer — a reference check.

If you're thinking “this is in the bag,” you may want to slow your roll.

While your resume references are usually a formality, choosing the wrong people or presenting them the wrong way can throw up a red flag right as you're about to cross the finish line.

The good news is that if you follow a few simple rules and plan ahead, you'll knock this out of the park and be signing your offer letter in no time.

This post is going to cover everything you need to know about resume references, including:

• Why resume references can make or break your chances of getting a job offer
• Where to put your references (should they even be on your resume?)
• The best way to list and format your references in 2020
• What types of people make great references (and how to ask them)
• 10+ examples of awesome resume reference examples you can steal

You may be asking, who is this guy and why is he qualified to talk about this?

I spent two years making the jump from health care into technology, eventually landing offers at Google, Microsoft, & Twitter. All of those companies asked for my references and I used the exact methods I'm about to share with you to seal the deal with all three.

Now I want to share that info with you so you can replicate those results!

What Are Resume References And Why Are They Important?

A resume reference list is essentially a selection of people who can vouch for your professional skills and confirm that you’re an awesome employee this company should be excited about.

References usually come into play just before the company extends an offer. The team loved you in the interview and they just want to confirm that what you said lines up with other people you've worked with.

When it comes to actually checking, there's a pretty broad range.

Some companies don't bother checking references at all, while some might ask you to provide 5 or more.

You'd rather be fully prepared and burn a few extra minutes for nothing rather than be stuck scrambling to find an ex-colleague with a 24 hour turnaround time!

Should You Put Your References On Your Resume?

Nope! Your references should never show up your actual resume, here's why:

First, resume space is precious.

You just spent hours editing your resume and squeezing it down to a single page. You really don’t want to be wasting valuable space on your carefully edited resume by adding reference details.

On top of that, the company doesn’t need or want your references when you submit your resume. They're still trying to decide if you're even qualified to do the job!

A value driven resume bullet about a project you led is going to be way more effective than giving out your old boss's digits.

Plus, think about where you're submitting your resume. If you're sharing it on LinkedIn, on job boards like Indeed or Angel.co, you're putting up a billboard with people's information for everyone to see!

Your references may have your back now, but that might change if they start getting calls from Nigerian royalty who want to share their fortunes.

“Ok, so should I at least put a line that says ‘References available upon request'?”

Nope! It’s fully expected that you’ll provide references if the company requests them. Again, focus on selling yourself and your experience on your resume. We'll take care of your references in a new doc called your  Reference Sheet.

You're going to want to fire up a new Google Doc for your references, but the key here is to make sure you're staying consistent with your resume.

This means that you want to keep the same color scheme, structure, font, and general format on both documents:

You want to make sure that your reference sheet includes:

• Your full name
• Email address
• Phone number
• Link to your LinkedIn profile

You never know who this is going to be passed around to, so you want to make it easy for recruiters and hiring managers to know what candidate these references belong to.

Remember, your goal is to stand out — and paying attention to details on your reference sheet is a surefire way to make that happen.

How To List Your References On A Resume

Should be easy, right? We're just adding some names and contact info here…right?

Not so fast.

If you want to win more job offers, you need to capitalize on every opportunity to add value and control the process.

This means paying attention to detail and creating those opportunities through every step of the process. Listing your references is no different.

How To List And Format Your Resume References

Sure, we're going to drop in some contact information, but we're also going to leverage a tactic to help steer the conversation towards a specific project or result that we want the employer to know and your reference to talk about.

You want to make sure your reference format includes (in order):

• Company/Organization
• Phone Number
• Email Address
• Relationship + Relevant Context

It should look a little something like this:

Now, you probably knew about the contact info stuff, but most job seekers miss out on the relevant context piece.

When listing your references, you want to provide a specific detail about a project/initiative you worked on and  the results it drove.

Results = value, and value is what gets you hired.

This starts when you reach out to a potential reference. I have instructions and an email template you can use to ask people to be your reference below. When they agree, hop on the phone with them and walk through the game plan:

“Hey Jennifer, thank you so much for offering to be a reference. I really appreciate it! This is for an operations role and the company is focused on increasing productivity/efficiency. It would be great if you could talk them through the Axion project we worked on together where we reduced redundancies by 37% in 6 months!”

Guess what happens next? Your reference starts singing your praises and discussing how amazing that Axion project was and what a great job you did to drive those results.

That’s way better than a typical response like this:

“Uhh yea, I worked with Austin for a couple of years. We were on the same team, he's a nice guy and seems to do good work. Yea, sure, I'd recommend him.”

That showcases zero personality and doesn't do anything to boost your credibility. We want to avoid that at all costs!

Finally, you always want to make sure to lead with your best reference. The person who has the most to say should always be at the top of your list.

How Many Resume References Should You Have?

Most of the time, your interviewer/recruiter will tell you how many references you should provide. If that's the case, you're good!

If not, you can always ask to get a number from them. That will most likely be a range and it could be vague like,  “we'd love to talk to a few people who you've worked with.”

If they’re not super clear, it's up to you to decide!

My best recommendation is five people if you can swing it. Five references gives the employer choices while also illustrating that you have a solid range of people who you believe will stand up for you.

That said, not everyone has five references to put on their resume. If we're talking minimums, you need to have at least three references to share. We're about to chat through the types of people that make great references, so if you don't think you can make it to three, stick with me!

Finally, a major exception here is for senior roles. If you're going for C-Level or VP level roles, you'll probably want to provide a more robust set of references. Seven is a good ballpark here.

Everybody else can stick with five!

What Types Of People Make Good References?

There are a couple of basic questions to ask yourself when considering who to add to your resume references list:

• Who would be the best reference for this particular job?
• Who do I know that works in this industry?
• Who understands the exact skills I have that apply to this position?
• Who do I know with the most impressive job title?
• Who do I know at big-name companies?
• Who am I okay with knowing I’m looking for a new job? (Hint: Probably not your current boss)
• Who might my potential employer know and respect?

Think about it from the employer’s perspective — everyone wants to hire top talent.

The employer is using your references to validate your story and hear that same story from a 3rd party. In other words, they want to know that you are who you say you are.

They also want to know that your previous employers (and colleagues) liked you. Were you an over achiever? Did your team love you? Were you an awesome cultural fit?

Your potential employer cares about all of those things and the best way to find out is by asking.

If you can’t provide proof that folks enjoyed spending time with you, that you got your stuff done, and that you were a valuable asset, that's going to throw up some major red flags.

You've made it this far! We don't want that to happen.

Who Makes The Best References?

That said, your references don't just have to be former managers or colleagues. There are so many people we can pull from, here are few examples:

• Former managers
• Former colleagues (on your team and other teams as well!)
• People you volunteer with
• Friends & family friends
• Professors/teachers
• Mentees or students

You definitely want to prioritize people who have worked with you in a professional sense, but you can also get a glowing endorsement from people who see you in other aspects of your life. Those can be just as valuable.

It's also important to note that your references don’t need to all be of a “higher rank” than you. If you managed an intern, if you mentor someone, or if you teach in some capacity, you could absolutely have your intern/mentee/student vouch for you.

If you're in a management role, your best bet may be a direct report who can speak to your abilities as a manager!

Once you have your basic list down, try to think about who you know that is doing well for themselves, and whose job might lend a little credibility to your reference list. Especially consider people who are working in the same field as your prospective employer.

Definitely prioritize people who work in the same industry and major bonus points if they work for a potential client or partner — that's always a huge plus!

To recap on great reference options, you want to prioritize like this:

• People who have amazing things to say about you
• People who have worked with you professionally
• People whose position may add some extra credibility to your list

The first is a must, the second two are nice if you can get em.

How To Ask Someone To Be A Reference For You

Please, please, PLEASE don't be the person who just writes down a few people's names and  never tells them.

Even if “you know they'd be fine with it,” they will be totally unprepared to get that call and a flustered reference is a bad reference.

You're giving them no time to prepare, to get their story straight, to think about how to pitch you. You know who that ends up hurting?

On top of giving you a better shot of landing the role, asking people ahead of time is just the polite thing to do.

It also gives you a chance to verify their contact info, current job title, etc. so you can make sure your potential employer gets in touch with them the first time.

The good news is, it's super easy to make the ask. All you have to do is write a quick email asking that person to be a reference for you. Here’s an example of the exact email template that I used to reach out to people:

Resume References Permission Email Template Hi [Reference Name] , Hope you're having an awesome week! I'm reaching out because I'm in the final stages of the interview process for a  [Job Title]  role and I wanted to be prepared with some references. I really enjoyed the work we did on the [Project Name] and I would be super grateful if you would be up to speak with the hiring manager about the work we did there. If you're up for it, let me know! If not, that's totally fine. Either way, have an awesome rest of the week! Best, [Your Name]

Now hit Send!

Even if someone isn't up to be your reference, they'll probably still be flattered that you asked and it's a great way to reconnect.

Once you fire off a few of these and get responses, you’ll have a reference list ready to go!

How To Format Your Resume References

We already touched on formatting a little bit before, but I’ll just rehash the basics.

Rule #1: Match Your Resume & Reference Sheet Styles

Before you begin adding your references, you want to make sure your reference sheet matches the same style and format of your resume .

This means using the same colors, the same font, and the same general layout. If you scroll back near the top of this post, you can see an example of how I did this with an example resume and reference sheet.

Rule #2: Add Your Contact Info At The Very Top

Just like you did on your resume, you want to include your contact info at the very top. This includes:

• Your Full Name
• Links to any personal websites or portfolios

We want to make it as easy as possible for the recruiter or hiring manager to know which candidate is in front of them and how to get in touch.

Rule #3: Formatting Your Resume References

Alright, down to business! When it comes to each reference, there's a specific format you should follow.

First, you should list out the info for each reference in this order:

• Full name of your reference
• Current company/organization
• Your relationship + relevant context

I personally like to spice things up with the font . I'll use a heavy font weight for the name and maybe even bump the size up a notch.

Then I'll go with the standard weight for everything in the middle, and close out with an unbolded, light weight version of the font to describe the relationship and the context. Again, you can see this in action in the example I shared earlier in the post.

I would also make sure to find a way to differentiate between references. It may sound obvious, but using numbers before names, or adding an extra line break in between references will make it clear where one reference ends and the other begins.

Finally, make sure you proofread your resume references list before you send it to anyone. Using free tools like Grammarly will ensure you never accidentally send your list off with a spelling mistake or a grammatical error you'll be kicking yourself over.

Examples Of Resume References

Awesome! At this point, you should have a few amazing people in mind to list on your reference sheet.

You know the general rules of formatting, but we want to be absolutely sure that you get this right. Remember, that offer is so close you can taste it! Let's not screw things up now.

To help you get an idea of what to do (and what not to do), I'm going to share a few examples of  bad  resume references and  good  resume references:

Example #1:

Bad resume references (don’t use this).

What's wrong with this picture? A lot!

First, how is anyone supposed to know who this reference sheet belongs to? Was it Jenny that interviewed on Wednesday? Tom who came in yesterday? Who knows?

Without any contact information or details about you, your hiring manager is shooting in the dark. That's not great.

On top of that, there's a lot missing from the references themselves.

First, the formatting is entirely the same. It's just a block of text with no real way to easily identify roles, relationships, contact info, etc.

Speaking of info, where's the detail? There are no phone numbers (the primary way people will contact your references). There are no job titles and there is zero context about the relationship beyond “former manager.” Also bad.

Here’s another example of some terrible resume references:

Example #2:

Bad resume references (don’t use this either).

This one looks better, but we've still got some issues.

First, the prioritization is all wacky. This person is leading off with a friend while their current colleague is buried down at the bottom. That's not a great look.

What if they only decide to contact the top three references? They'd get a friend, a teacher, and someone who managed this person when they were an intern. That's not gonna work.

Next, there's little to no context here. What company is Luke Walker a colleague at? Is it a current company? A former company?

What projects did you work on with these people or how did they impact you?

There's nothing to clarify why this person listed them, which leaves the whole conversation up to the person making the call. That can lead to a seriously awkward conversation or, at best, one where they really need to dig to get the info they want.

Your goal is to make it easy for the person calling!

Example #3:

A great example of how you should list your references (definitely do this).

Boom! Look how awesome that is.

We've got our full name and all of our contact info right at the top. The reader immediately knows who we are, they can look us up if they need to, and our email/phone is available for any questions or feedback.

Our references are all broken out in a clear and clean fashion. Each person's title, company, and contact info are readily available and we've taken the opportunity to “drive” the conversation here with a few lines of context at the bottom. Note that we defined the relationship at the beginning of that context.

If you're not differentiating yourself at every step of the job search process, you're getting lost in a sea of applicants. Plus, all this extra detail will help you (and your references) build a rapport with your employer.

The example above shows the exact level of detail you need to add to your resume references list. If you use that as a guide and format your own reference sheet in a similar fashion, you'll be ready to go!

All you need to do now is find your people, shoot them a note asking if they'll vouch for you, and get your references sheet set up. You'll want to have it ready to go at that next interview!

Salary Negotiation: Preparing For The Final Offer

What's the last step in the interview process? The final offer letter. If you've made it this far, congratulations! You'll want to be prepared ahead of time by checking out my article on how to negotiate your salary during an interview.

I'll show you 3 simple negotiation tips that you can use to double your offer! While finding the courage to speak up about your salary and negotiating what you’re worth can be tough, it’s an absolute must. If you’re not negotiating your salary properly, you’re leaving tons of money on the table. Don't miss out on the opportunity to get paid what you're really worth!

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Austin Belcak

Austin is the founder of Cultivated Culture where he helps people land jobs without connections, without traditional experience, and without applying online. His strategies have been featured in Forbes, Business Insider, & Fast Company and has helped people just like you land jobs at Google, Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, Twitter, & more.

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How to Write a Resume Reference List With Examples

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What is a resume reference list?

How to choose resume references, resume reference list template, resume reference list examples.

Few interviewers will ask you to submit resume references as part of the application process, but you can have one prepared and ready to submit when they do request it. Most employers ask for your references after an initial phone screening or onsite interview if they’re considering you for the position. No matter when employers ask for your references, it’s best to have a list prepared that includes at least three reliable contacts who are willing to provide insight on you as an employee or colleague and highlight your best professional attributes. In this article, you can learn what a resume reference list is and how to request references.

A reference list is a document that applicants present along with their resume to an employer that provides the contact information for your professional references. If a company is considering you for a position, the employer will probably contact your references to ask questions about your job performance, reliability, whether former employers would rehire you and other relevant information. The answers will help the employer determine whether or not they want to move ahead in the hiring process with you.

Follow these steps to begin writing your reference list:

1. First, decide how many references to include in your reference list

While some employers may specify the number of references they’d like to see, others will not. In the latter case, think about where you are in your career. If you’re attempting to enter the job market for the first time, three references are enough, but if the role you are applying for is higher up, such as a supervisory or executive role, you can include a larger number of references from different points in your career. Be sure to follow any guidelines the employer gives you during the selection process. 

2. Next, choose your best professional contacts to list as references

When deciding on who to include as references, consider former colleagues or supervisors who can validate your skills and qualifications, as well as your reliability and trustworthiness as an employee. Try to list people who are prepared to speak about the talents specific to the job you’re applying for. When deciding who to list as a professional reference, check with them first to ensure that they are willing to be a good reference. Only include people you are comfortable with knowing you are looking for a new job, especially if you currently work with or for them. 

The following people tend to be the best references:

• Academic advisors
• Former employer

3. Then, ask your professional contacts to be your references

As mentioned above, it is important to ask your contacts if they are willing to provide a reference before you submit their names. This is a common courtesy, as many people prefer to keep their contact information as confidential as possible. You also want to make sure they’re comfortable providing a reference for you. Checking with your references also allows time for them to expect a call from the employer and prepare what they want to say about you with examples and specific praises. 

4. Last, decide how and when to submit your list of references

As a rule, do not send your reference list with your application unless it is requested on the job posting or the hiring manager requests references along with your resume. Typically, you can wait until the hiring manager requests the list. Knowing that they will ask for your references allows you to feel free to remove ‘references available upon request’ from your resume.

People typically choose to list references in reverse chronological order, beginning with the person they worked with most recently, though some people choose to order the list based on which person knows them best. 

Here is one example you can follow to format your resume reference list: 

Reference contact information:

Name Title or position Company Company address Reference phone number Reference email address

Description: Include where you worked with this reference, when you worked together and your working relationship.

Lea Martin Sales Director Eagle Crest Advertising, LLC 4747 Main St. Austin, TX 78701 555-555-5555 [email protected]

Lea was my direct supervisor while I worked as a regional sales manager for Eagle Crest Advertising, LLC from 2013 to 2018.

Joann McDonald Professor, Cooley School of Business The University of Texas at Austin 1268 Delaware Avenue Austin, TX 78712 555-555-5555 [email protected]

Dr. McDonald was my professor for several business courses I completed to earn my MBA from the University of Texas, Austin.

Your reference list should include your contact information in the header using the same theme, look and feel as your resume, using the same fonts and matching colors. This allows your list of references and your resume to look more professional and consistent.

When you get hired at your new position, make sure to reach out to thank your contacts for providing references that assisted you in finding a new job. This can be a quick phone call, handwritten note or email. Showing your gratitude to these connections is not only common courtesy, it will ensure that you remain in the good graces of your contacts.

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Dive Into Expert Guides to Enhance your Resume

References on the resume

How and when to create a resume references page

Should you include references on your resume.  The short answer is no!  Most resume and career experts agree that putting references on a resume is not a good idea and can even  have a negative effect on your application .

One of the most important features of resume writing is the length of your document and you should  never exceed 2 pages  in most cases. The only exception is if you have lots of really relevant experience or you’re applying for specialist positions that require a portfolio.

Given this rule, it is highly recommended to  preserve the little space available for more pertinent information  that can help a potential employer learn about you and your strengths by including an optional skills,  honors and awards  or  voluntary work section .

Some  online resume builders  will allow you to include a  list of references  at the bottom of your resume but it is not recommended and usually will not be found as standard on many  resume templates . The  space on a resume is known as “real estate”  to many career experts who advise on using this valuable resume space for details which can contribute to your application.

What are references?

References are a method for employers to find out how a candidate applying for a vacancy in their business has performed in previous positions or throughout their academic career.

When a  hiring manager requests a reference , they wish to establish an idea of how the candidate has used their skills, confirm any qualifications and ask questions about the conduct and general character of the aspiring employee.

It is a  useful way for prospective employers to substantiate claims made by the candidate  and get a feeling for their professional attitude and competency.

Generally,  references are not one of the first aspects required on a job application.  A good way to start is by reading our  guide to how to write a resume  or by trying an  online resume builder  which shows you how your resume will look as you complete the information.

Resume references: When to include or exclude

For the majority of job applications you will  not  need to include any references with your resume.

If you decide to do so and they have not been requested this could be  detrimental to your application , simply because you are prioritizing references over other relevant skills or qualifications which could be included in this space and add value to your resume.

The most likely scenario for your jobsearch will be that the  employer requests references from you after a preliminary interview  or in any case near the end of the application process.

This is because hiring managers will only want to contact references of those few applicants who are  shortlisted after the interview stage  in order to save time and effort. It is time-consuming for employers to call or send messages to your referees and doing so can become counterproductive and inefficient due to the time spent unless you are in the running for a job.

The only time it is  acceptable to include references with the resume  in a job application is  when they are requested directly in the job vacancy description . When this is the case, we recommend only including them on a separate piece of paper as a reference page. (Check out below for  how to write a references page  for your resume.

Another possibility is to  include testimonials from past clients  directly on your resume or if possible on a separate page, but it is important to  name your source , which means giving the referees’ information as a normal reference, explaining the relationship of the person cited to the candidate and where he or she works,  including their position and a way to contact them  via email or phone so the employer can verify the statements.

If  professional references are not requested , the most acceptable form of ensuring that the prospective employer knows their availability is by  including a line in your accompanying cover letter to indicate that they can be provided upon request . This way the hiring manager will contact you to get the corresponding information if you are successful in your application.

For those job applications that do not specifically request professional references from the jobseeker, it is not advisable to include them but it is always wise to be prepared!

For  other resume resources , you could use an online resume builder to help you create a winning resume from the very beginning.

Who do you list as a reference?

Each candidate will need to  consider their personal experience  and at what stage they find themselves in their career  to decide who to use as a reference .

Who to ask for a reference depends on these aspects because there will be a variety of possibilities for different jobseekers.

• For example, jobseekers with a student resume may  not have much professional experience  in the working world but still have a selection of possible  individuals to ask for references  such as  guidance counselors , tutors, advisors, coaches and of course teachers or  professors  from their academic career.
• Whereas  entry-level resume  candidates may have  some professional experience  and wish to use former colleagues or  managers . Another possibility is a project, master or doctorate  supervisor from their most recent studies  who will know the candidate’s dedication and interests well.
• For  professional resume applicants  this step of the job application may be easier as their  network of contacts will be more accustomed to giving and requesting references  and will therefore know what is useful to mention as well as  how the candidate in question behaves in a workplace environment .

It is highly unconventional and  discouraged to use family members or friends as references . This is simply because they will not be objective in giving their opinions and generally  do not know the candidate’s working practices  or abilities.

• Another option for those who do  not have many professional contacts  to rely on for references, is to ask a well-respected member of the community who will be able to give a  character reference .
• Also, perhaps you can think of someone with whom you’ve worked, studied or volunteered who would speak highly of you and  highlight your relevant abilities to the hiring manager .

For you personally it is important that you consider  which references are most suitable to use for the position and company you’re applying to .

Before  making a resume reference page  or sending the contact details of anyone to a potential employer, it is imperative to  ask permission from all of the references  you would like to use.

When you first think of somebody to use as a  reference for a job application, you must ask their permission  not only to use and give out their contact information but directly if they would be able to provide a reference, as some people may prefer not to. Additionally, this person will then be able to give a prepared answer when they are contacted regarding your reference.

Finally, remember to  give thanks to everyone who you include as a reference on your resume  even if they are not contacted in the end. A little appreciation can go a long way.

Resume Reference Page

No matter your sector or career ambitions, it is always useful to know  how to write a professional reference list  just in case you are required to supply a resume reference page.

Writing a reference page for your resume is not a complicated task , it is straight-forward and can usually be done from scratch with no problem, but for those who require it, there are  resume reference page templates  and  examples of reference pages  to help guide you to create one which suits your application.

• It is customary for  employers to contact 2-3 different references for each applicant  thus it is  not advisable to include more than 4 references . This means you can make sure you include reference covering different positions or multiple people who can vouch for different skills you claim to be able to bring to the role.
• A  resume reference page is generally a sheet of A4  paper which can be sent upon request  including the details of 3-4 contacts  of the candidate who have agreed to  supply a reference attesting to the character and professional conduct of the jobseeker.  This is to give the potential employer a better idea of how this person will perform in their company.
• References can also be cited here in the form of statements made about the candidate  or you can send a  letter of recommendation from a previous employer  as an attachment.
• Finally, just as you would with each aspect of your  resume and professional cover letter , your  resume reference page should also be tailored to suit the role and company  you’re applying to.

Remember that it is now very  easy for companies to check your background  and investigate you simply by typing your name into a search engine.

With all the various marvels that the internet offers us and the dozens of  social media pages  we sign up to, hiring managers can find out lots about us at the click of a button so remember to  keep these channels professional and creative to serve as references too .

Each contact in your  professional network  knows you a certain way and will be able to provide an account of your achievements and strengths for different jobs thus it is  essential to customize the reference page according to the skills and qualities you will need for each vacancy .

Formatting your professional reference list

Learning  how to structure a reference page for your job application  is just as vital as other sections of your resume or cover letter because if you present a sloppy, badly-formatted reference page to a prospective employer they will not be interested in seeing more of your work.

What should a resume reference page look like?

A  reference page for a resume should be an A4 page  with the name and contact information of the candidate at the top, with a  clear heading or title . To maintain a consistent structure it would be more professional to use the  same style and layout as used on the resume for the name and basic details .

When it comes to  listing references to present to a potential employer , you must ensure to  order your list  by descending significance. That means placing the  most impressive reference at the top .

For the reference information, make sure you use all of the following:

• Full name with corresponding title where appropriate;
• Job title or position;
• Name of company or organization;
• Contact phone number;
• Contact email address;
• Relation to you.

It is no longer necessary to include a physical contact address as references will no longer be contacted through traditional mail and it is  inappropriate to share this personal information . We do recommend including a city or town name, simply to locate the business or association.

You can take a look at  ResumeCoach ’s helpful  guides to how to write a resume objective , work experience  or other resume sections .

Also, you can find practical advice and examples on  how to write a cover letter  or an introduction to different  resume templates  for all types of jobseekers.

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References on a Resume: How to List Them

You are in full swing of resume writing. You have your list of skills ready, accomplishment lined up, and all sections organized. Is there anything missing? The professional references. But hold on! Do they actually need to be on your resume? Let’s dig in! 

Do You Put References on a Resume?

The short answer is —  it depends. Normally, you don’t need to put references on your resume. But there are a few exceptions. First, you should have references on your resume when applying for a federal job or another government position . Next, you should add them when the job listing or the hiring manager asks you to do so. 

Here are three quick tips to help you decide when to put references on your resume and when to leave them off: 

• Didn’t see any mention of references in the job description? Leave them off. You won’t be penalized for doing so. 
• Keep some of your references (or ask for new ones) for the interview . Doing so gives you extra time to research the company , understand what they do, and line up the best set of references, based on that information.

Finally, if you are going to include references, you will need to create a separate resume reference page and format it accordingly. 

How to List References on a Resume

The standard practice for listing references is to create a resume reference page and send it over with your one-page resume .  You don’t need to try and squeeze your references as another resume section! 

Instead, open a blank page in Word and use this quick example to format your references. 

Here’s how format references on a resume:

• Give your page a simple title. For example [Name Surname: References] 
• Provide all the necessary details of your reference person: full name, company, job title, contact details. 
• There are no particular rules about formatting each entry. Just be certain the formatting is consistent from one entry to another. 
• Use adequate space in between entries. 
• Add a minimum of three references. 

If you decide not to include references, don’t mention them at all. There is no need to write ‘References available upon request.’ It makes your resume look dated.

Professional Resume Reference Example 

Michaela Turner Western Logistics VP of Marketing [email protected] (555)222-3333

Mr. Turner was a direct supervisor for 5 years. 

Jemima Thorn  Urban Corps  Lead Generation Manager  [email protected] (555)444-3333

Ms. Thorn managed and coached me during my tenure. 

Decide How Many References You Need

OK, now that you know how to format a resume reference page, let’s get you those references. 

How much do you need? As a rule of thumb, you should have between 3-5 references, unless the employer specified another number. It’s best if your references come from different companies/organizations. 

But if that’s not feasible, add a quick note explaining who one reference is different from another. For example, you can add your direct supervisor and a colleague who could speak to your team working abilities. 

Should I Have Personal or Professional References on My Resume? 

A professional reference attests to your professionalism and past achievements. As a rule of thumb, most hiring managers would prefer to receive a set of professional references or letters of recommendation since an attestation from a professional contact provides more insight into the applicant’s core competencies and workplace behaviors. This is why it is generally better to use professional references on your resume. 

However, you may use personal references if you don’t have enough work experience or want a reference to validate your character and work ethic. Personal references are perfectly acceptable for students, entry-level workers, volunteers, or professionals in the service industry. 

How to Ask for a Resume Reference 

Got a shortlist of candidates? Now, it’s time to let those people know you are using them as your references. Never list someone without a heads-up! 

Here are a few quick tips for requesting a reference: 

• Use a bit of flattery, but don’t fawn.
• Explain why you’ve chosen them.
• See if they have preferred contact information (e.g. email over the phone)
• Ask for one or two references more than you need if someone else doesn’t respond.

Here’s a brief sample request:

Hi Dr. Johnson,

I hope things are going well for you, and that Westside Medical Clinic is as successful as ever. I am writing to you because I am in consideration for the position of head nurse at Regional hospital. Would it be okay if I used you as a reference?

They are seeking someone with both clinical and supervisory experience for this position, and who can understand the needs of low-income patients. Because we worked together managing the City Free Clinic, I thought you could speak to my abilities in these areas.

If you would be willing to be contacted by my potential employer, please let me know your preferred contact information.

Rhonda Black

To Conclude 

You don’t absolutely need to put references on every resume you are filing. Do so only when you are explicitly instructed to do so. And that’s good news! Because instead of chasing down those references, you can focus on polishing your resume and cover letter!

Elena runs content operations at Freesumes since 2017. She works closely with copywriters, designers, and invited career experts to ensure that all content meets our highest editorial standards. Up to date, she wrote over 200 career-related pieces around resume writing, career advice... more

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How to Write a Letter of Recommendation (Examples & Templates)

3 key takeaways

• A letter of recommendation is a formal part of many job applications.
• Effective letters of recommendation follow a structured format (steps below).
• Teal's AI Resume Builder helps you write a keyword-rich resume and cover letter to complement your recommendation letter.

Whether you’re applying to a job, graduate school, or a degree program, there will come a time when you need a letter of recommendation. At such a time, the recommender may ask for your help drafting the letter. 

Or you may be on the other side of the equation. You may need to write a letter of recommendation on someone’s behalf, such as a former employee, a coworker, or a friend.

No matter your situation, this guide helps you understand how to write a letter of recommendation for many different scenarios, plus detailed examples to use as references .

The purpose of a letter of recommendation

A letter of recommendation is a formal written document that discusses a candidate's professional performance, specifically their abilities, character, work ethic, or achievements. It is written by someone who can vouch for you, such as a professional contact. 

It's commonly requested when applying for jobs, educational programs, scholarships, or similar opportunities. It’s intended to help the recipient of the letter evaluate your qualifications.

They are more common in some situations than in others. College applications, on the other hand, typically require one to three letters of recommendation. Job applications typically require a list of references that the hiring manager may call or email, rather than request letters of recommendations.

They are particularly valuable for those who do not have robust resumes or credentials. That said, if you’re just entering the job market—why not consider compiling a recommendation letter straight away? Even if the job application doesn’t specifically ask for one, requesting recommendations can help strengthen your application. 

But here’s the thing: because they’re not as common as other job application documents, not everyone knows how to write an impressive letter of recommendation. In this article you’ll learn how to write an effective letter of recommendation, tailored to your target job. 

Who can write a letter of recommendation

A recommendation letter should be written by someone who can verify your qualifications. Ideally, it comes from a superior rather than a coworker or friend. While you may be tempted to ask a buddy, be aware that the hiring manager may ask you to specify your relationship with the recommender. 

In the workforce, you may want to ask a former manager or supervisor. In an academic setting, you may want to ask a former instructor, teacher, or mentor. In either case, the recommendation should come from someone who knows you in a professional setting and can attest to your work ethic.

For applicants

If you are deciding who to ask for a recommendation letter, consider these factors:

• Is the person relevant to the opportunity you're applying for? For example, if you’re applying to a software engineering internship, can you ask a previous employer who can speak to your performance or a mentor who has guided you through coding challenges?
• How well does the person know you? Someone who can mention real-world examples is better than someone who would provide vague or general feedback. 
• Do you have a positive relationship with this person? Sometimes a letter of recommendation is given in private to the person reviewing the application and you may not get a chance to review it before it's sent. That’s why it’s vital to only ask someone you are confident will provide a positive reference .

Letter of recommendation etiquette

No matter who you choose, always make it as easy as possible for your recommender to write the letter. Be sure to give them ample time to write the letter, such as two week’s notice. 

In addition, you can provide the materials they may need to write a tailored letter for you. For example, you could send them the job post or the organization’s website. Don’t be surprised if the person asks you to create a draft or provide bullet points for the letter. This will help save the recommender the time of researching what to say—then they can simply make edits and give the final send-off.

Want help matching your letter of recommendation to the job post? Teal’s AI-powered Resume Builder Matching Mode pulls key skills from job descriptions to help you easily tailor your letter to the job you’re applying for and an AI achievement generator to summarize your results. 

For the letter writer

If you have been asked to write a letter of recommendation, consider these factors: 

• Has the applicant directly worked with you or for you?
• Is your experience with the application relevant to the opportunity they are applying for? 
• Can you provide an honest and ethical assessment of the individual?
• Can you provide a letter within the stated deadline?

If you can’t provide a positive reference based on experience with the applicant, quickly let them know you can’t fulfill their request so they have time to find someone else. If you can, here's how to do it right:

How to write a letter of recommendation (with specific examples)

While they may vary in type, such as academic, professional, and personal, the structure is standard and straightforward—very similar to a business letter format.

Greeting: A formal salutation. Example: To Whom It May Concern

Introduction: Your name, expertise, and your relationship to the applicant.

Overview: A general summary of the applicant's strengths as you've experienced them.

Example: A story or example that elaborates on one to two traits the applicant possesses.

Close: A summary of why you recommend the applicant.

Signature: Your name, title, signature or e-signature, and contact details 

1. A greeting

Begin the letter with a formal salutation, addressing the recipient if possible. 

Example: Intro

• Dear [Recipient's Name]
• To Whom It May Concern
• Dear Hiring Committee

2. A brief introduction 

Introduce yourself and your relationship to the individual. The first paragraph states why you’re qualified to speak about the person.

Example: Job applicant applying to an associate attorney position

I am writing to offer my enthusiastic endorsement for Breanna Johnson for the position of Associate Attorney at Thompson & Sons Associates Law Firm. During her time as an associate attorney at our firm, I had the privilege of mentoring Breanna and witnessing her growth and dedication firsthand.

3. An overview

The next paragraph provides an overview of the applicant's strengths as you've experienced them. The context will differ depending on whether the letter of recommendation is written for a job, academic, or other opportunity. Take a look at the specific examples below. 

Based on the candidate's skills

If the applicant is applying to a job, you’ll most likely want to discuss their skills and achievements. 

Example: Job applicant applying to a marketing position

During his time at Bright Ideas Inc., Mark consistently demonstrated a rare blend of creativity, strategic thinking, and problem-solving skills that set him apart. His one-of-a-kind marketing campaigns drove considerable results for our clients and garnered praise from our team and stakeholders. 

Want help creating a list of achievements to highlight on your letter of recommendation? Teal’s AI-powered Resume Builder Matching Mode pulls key skills from job descriptions to quickly create metric-rich achievements tailored to the job application, so you stand out from the crowd.

Based on the applicant’s character

Wondering how to write a letter of recommendation for a friend or coworker? In the case that you can’t speak on their skills, you can tailor this section toward the applicant’s personality. This may be considered a character reference letter.

Example: College applicant, written by a friend from school

Throughout our academic journey, Rachel consistently prioritized her studies, earning valedictorian and a spot as the school treasurer. Beyond her academic pursuits, Rachel has always been deeply involved in community service. Whether it was volunteering at the local soup kitchen, participating in school plays, or leading student organizations, Rachel's commitment to making a positive difference in the world has been inspiring.

4. A personal story

This section is intended for the recommender to elaborate on one to two traits of the applicant. This can help hiring managers have a more colorful understanding of your expertise.

It’s important to tailor those traits to the skills needed to land the opportunity. The context will differ depending on whether a recommendation letter is written for a job, academic, or other opportunity. Take a look at the examples below. 

Based on the applicant’s skills

As the writer, you can share an example about a time when the applicant's skills helped the company achieve something or solve a problem.

Example: Job applicant, applying to a recruitment role

Last year, we faced a demanding task: filling a critical position for one of our top clients under tight deadlines. Emily approached this challenge with precision. She conducted extensive research using LinkedIn Recruiter and her networking resources to identify potential candidates. Despite initial hesitations from the hiring manager, Emily confidently advocated for a standout candidate, who was later hired.

Based on the applicant’s academic abilities

Wondering how to write a letter of recommendation for grad school or for college? Use this section to talk about their academic performance.

5. A closing statement 

Conclude with a one- to two-sentence summary on why the person you're recommending would be a good fit for the opportunity.

Example: closing statement

"I am certain she would be a valuable asset for your project."

6. A signature 

As with any letter, you must sign off. Optionally, include contact information for the hiring manager to follow up with you.

Example: Signature

Sincerely, [Your Name, Company, and Title]

Recommendation letter dos and don'ts

Letter of recommendation templates

Below, you’ll find some letter of recommendation examples. Use these letters of recommendation templates as samples to expand upon. Add specific examples, make it your own, and voila!

How to write a letter of recommendation for a student

You may want to write a letter of recommendation for college, grad school, or a student entering an organization. Here’s a letter of recommendation template for that.

Dear Admissions Committee, I am pleased to write this letter of recommendation for [Student's Name], who has applied for admission to your esteemed university. As a [Job Title] at [University Name], I have had the privilege of working closely with [Student's Name] and have been consistently impressed by [his/her/their] dedication, leadership skills, and academic achievements. During [his/her/their] time at [University Name], [Student's Name] pursued a degree in business while actively contributing to campus life through [his/her/their] involvement in [list of extracurricular activities]. Like many students, [Student's Name] faced the daunting task of navigating [his/her/their] academic and career paths. Yet, instead of focusing solely on [his/her/their] own journey, [he/she/they] selflessly volunteered [his/her/their] time to support [his/her/their] peers in doing the same as my career adviser assistant. With [his/her/their] empathetic nature and natural leadership abilities, [he/she/they] became a trusted mentor, helping students discover their strengths, set goals, and develop strategies to achieve them. Whether it was reviewing resumes, conducting mock interviews, or offering advice on internship opportunities, [Student's Name] approached every interaction with enthusiasm and genuine care. I have no doubt that [Student's Name] will continue to excel academically, athletically, and personally at [University Name], and I enthusiastically recommend [him/her/them] for admission to your institution. Please feel free to contact me at [Your Contact Information] if you require any further information or would like to discuss [Student's Name]'s qualifications in more detail. Thank you for considering [Student's Name]'s application. Sincerely, [Your Name] [Your Position] [University Name]

How to write a letter of recommendation for an employee

Dear [Recipient's Name], I am writing to wholeheartedly recommend [Employee's Name] for any future opportunities [he/she/they] may pursue. As [his/her/their] supervisor in the Marketing Department at [Company Name], I have had the privilege of witnessing [his/her/their] exceptional contributions and dedication to our team's success. During [his/her/their] tenure with us, [Employee's Name] played a pivotal role in driving significant improvements in our marketing initiatives. One notable achievement was [specific project or task], which led to an increase in [specific metric, e.g., website traffic, conversion rates, sales revenue] by [percentage or numerical value]. In addition to [his/her/their] remarkable performance in driving results, [Employee's Name] has also been a valued team player, always willing to collaborate and share insights with colleagues. [His/Her/Their] positive attitude, creativity, and willingness to go the extra mile have made [him/her/them] an integral part of our marketing team. I have every confidence that [Employee's Name] will continue to excel in [his/her/their] future endeavors and bring the same level of dedication and expertise to any organization [he/she/they] joins. [He/She/They] has my highest recommendation without reservation. Sincerely, [Your Name] [Your Position] [Company Name]

How to write a letter of recommendation for a teacher

Writing for someone you know a bit more personally? Perhaps it’s a teacher, a coworker, a mentor, or someone you volunteered with? Here’s a letter of recommendation template.

Dear [Recipient's Name], I am writing to wholeheartedly endorse [Teacher's Name] for the prestigious volunteer opportunity to teach abroad with [Organization Name]. As a former student of [his/her/theirs] at [School Name], I owe much of my success to [his/her/their] exceptional teaching and mentorship, which played a pivotal role in shaping my career path and ultimately led me to my current role at the United Nations. Throughout my time in [his/her/their] class, [Teacher's Name] demonstrated an unwavering commitment to excellence in teaching and a genuine passion for empowering [his/her/their] students. [He/She/They] not only imparted knowledge but also instilled in us a sense of curiosity, critical thinking, and a desire to make a positive impact on the world. [Teacher's Name] went above and beyond to nurture my potential and encouraged me to pursue my ambitions, including my desire to work at the United Nations. [His/Her/Their] guidance, support, and encouragement were instrumental in helping me navigate the challenges of pursuing a career in international affairs. I firmly believe that [Teacher's Name] possesses the qualities and expertise necessary to excel as a volunteer teacher abroad with [Organization Name]. [His/Her/Their] passion for education, coupled with [his/her/their] dedication to empowering students and creating positive change, make [him/her/them] an exceptional candidate for this opportunity. Sincerely, [Your Name] [Your Position or Relationship to Teacher]

Dear candidate, you got this 

A good letter of recommendation can make or break a person’s success during their search for the next golden opportunity. Whether you’re drafting one for yourself or writing one on someone’s behalf, following the six steps above will ensure you’ve got a well-structured letter for the application. More importantly, tailor this professional letter to the opportunity at hand, so the receiver of the letter can envision the applicant in the new role. 

To get support writing a tailored recommendation letter that helps you stand out from the crowd, try Teal's AI-powered Resume Builder. Using its AI achievement generator, you can write metric-rich achievements and its Matching Mode helps you target keywords from the job description. It’s exactly what you need to supercharge your resume and letter of recommendation.  Sign up for Teal for free.

Frequently Asked Questions

What makes a strong letter of recommendation.

A strong letter of recommendation is characterized by specific and detailed examples that illustrate the candidate's strengths and abilities. It should be written by someone who knows the applicant well and can provide genuine and enthusiastic praise. A compelling letter also highlights the context of the relationship between the recommender and the candidate, adding credibility to the endorsement. A strong letter of recommendation is well-organized and effectively communicates why the candidate is exceptional and deserving of the opportunity they are seeking.

What should you not include in a letter of recommendation?

When writing a letter of recommendation, it's important to avoid vague or generic statements that do not directly support the candidate's qualifications. Additionally, refrain from making comparisons to other applicants or individuals, as this can detract from the focus on the candidate's unique qualities. Avoid exaggerations that could undermine the credibility of the letter. Lastly, do not include any negative remarks or criticisms that could harm the candidate's prospects.

How do you make a letter of recommendation stand out?

To make a letter of recommendation stand out, focus on highlighting specific achievements and qualities that demonstrate the candidate's  abilities. Use concrete and detailed examples to illustrate the impact of their work or character. Personalize the letter by showcasing your unique perspective and deep understanding of the candidate's strengths. Incorporate specific details about the candidate's skills, accomplishments, and contributions that set them apart from others.

Kaleena Stroud

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