what does it mean to be essayed by someone

As a noun, an essay is also an attempt, especially a tentative initial one. Your essay to make friends at your new school would probably work better if you actually spoke to other students. As a verb, to essay is to make an attempt. If you essay to run for student council, you might lose to the girl who promises more recess, longer lunches, and less homework.

• noun an analytic or interpretive literary composition see more see less types: show 5 types... hide 5 types... composition , paper , report , theme an essay (especially one written as an assignment) disquisition an elaborate analytical or explanatory essay or discussion memoir an essay on a scientific or scholarly topic thanatopsis an essay expressing a view on the subject of death term paper a composition intended to indicate a student's progress during a school term type of: piece of writing , writing , written material the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect)
• verb make an effort or attempt “The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps” synonyms: assay , attempt , seek , try see more see less types: show 17 types... hide 17 types... pick up the gauntlet , take a dare be dared to do something and attempt it fight , struggle make a strenuous or labored effort give it a try , have a go make an attempt at something grope search blindly or uncertainly endeavor , endeavour , strive attempt by employing effort give it a try , give it a whirl try adventure , chance , gamble , hazard , risk , run a risk , take a chance , take chances take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome lay on the line , put on the line , risk expose to a chance of loss or damage strive , struggle exert strenuous effort against opposition drive , labor , labour , push , tug strive and make an effort to reach a goal flounder behave awkwardly; have difficulties be at pains , take pains try very hard to do something buck to strive with determination go for broke risk everything in one big effort luck it , luck through act by relying on one's luck adventure , hazard , jeopardize , stake , venture put at risk bell the cat take a risk; perform a daring act type of: act , move perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)
• noun a tentative attempt see more see less type of: attempt , effort , endeavor , endeavour , try earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something
• verb put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to synonyms: examine , prove , test , try , try out see more see less types: control , verify check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard float circulate or discuss tentatively; test the waters with field-test test something under the conditions under which it will actually be used type of: evaluate , judge , pass judgment form a critical opinion of

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Before you can answer a question on the PARCC English Language Arts/Literacy section, you first need to know what the question is asking. Learn this list of 45 words that we extracted from a PARCC practice test's directions, question stems, and answer options.

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Frequently asked questions

What is an essay.

An essay is a focused piece of writing that explains, argues, describes, or narrates.

In high school, you may have to write many different types of essays to develop your writing skills.

Academic essays at college level are usually argumentative : you develop a clear thesis about your topic and make a case for your position using evidence, analysis and interpretation.

Frequently asked questions: Writing an essay

For a stronger conclusion paragraph, avoid including:

• Important evidence or analysis that wasn’t mentioned in the main body
• Generic concluding phrases (e.g. “In conclusion…”)
• Weak statements that undermine your argument (e.g. “There are good points on both sides of this issue.”)

Your conclusion should leave the reader with a strong, decisive impression of your work.

Your essay’s conclusion should contain:

• A rephrased version of your overall thesis
• A brief review of the key points you made in the main body
• An indication of why your argument matters

The conclusion may also reflect on the broader implications of your argument, showing how your ideas could applied to other contexts or debates.

The conclusion paragraph of an essay is usually shorter than the introduction . As a rule, it shouldn’t take up more than 10–15% of the text.

The “hook” is the first sentence of your essay introduction . It should lead the reader into your essay, giving a sense of why it’s interesting.

To write a good hook, avoid overly broad statements or long, dense sentences. Try to start with something clear, concise and catchy that will spark your reader’s curiosity.

Your essay introduction should include three main things, in this order:

• An opening hook to catch the reader’s attention.
• Relevant background information that the reader needs to know.
• A thesis statement that presents your main point or argument.

The length of each part depends on the length and complexity of your essay .

Let’s say you’re writing a five-paragraph  essay about the environmental impacts of dietary choices. Here are three examples of topic sentences you could use for each of the three body paragraphs :

• Research has shown that the meat industry has severe environmental impacts.
• However, many plant-based foods are also produced in environmentally damaging ways.
• It’s important to consider not only what type of diet we eat, but where our food comes from and how it is produced.

Each of these sentences expresses one main idea – by listing them in order, we can see the overall structure of the essay at a glance. Each paragraph will expand on the topic sentence with relevant detail, evidence, and arguments.

The topic sentence usually comes at the very start of the paragraph .

However, sometimes you might start with a transition sentence to summarize what was discussed in previous paragraphs, followed by the topic sentence that expresses the focus of the current paragraph.

Topic sentences help keep your writing focused and guide the reader through your argument.

In an essay or paper , each paragraph should focus on a single idea. By stating the main idea in the topic sentence, you clarify what the paragraph is about for both yourself and your reader.

A topic sentence is a sentence that expresses the main point of a paragraph . Everything else in the paragraph should relate to the topic sentence.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

An essay isn’t just a loose collection of facts and ideas. Instead, it should be centered on an overarching argument (summarized in your thesis statement ) that every part of the essay relates to.

The way you structure your essay is crucial to presenting your argument coherently. A well-structured essay helps your reader follow the logic of your ideas and understand your overall point.

The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

The vast majority of essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Almost all academic writing involves building up an argument, though other types of essay might be assigned in composition classes.

Essays can present arguments about all kinds of different topics. For example:

• In a literary analysis essay, you might make an argument for a specific interpretation of a text
• In a history essay, you might present an argument for the importance of a particular event
• In a politics essay, you might argue for the validity of a certain political theory

At high school and in composition classes at university, you’ll often be told to write a specific type of essay , but you might also just be given prompts.

Look for keywords in these prompts that suggest a certain approach: The word “explain” suggests you should write an expository essay , while the word “describe” implies a descriptive essay . An argumentative essay might be prompted with the word “assess” or “argue.”

In rhetorical analysis , a claim is something the author wants the audience to believe. A support is the evidence or appeal they use to convince the reader to believe the claim. A warrant is the (often implicit) assumption that links the support with the claim.

Logos appeals to the audience’s reason, building up logical arguments . Ethos appeals to the speaker’s status or authority, making the audience more likely to trust them. Pathos appeals to the emotions, trying to make the audience feel angry or sympathetic, for example.

Collectively, these three appeals are sometimes called the rhetorical triangle . They are central to rhetorical analysis , though a piece of rhetoric might not necessarily use all of them.

The term “text” in a rhetorical analysis essay refers to whatever object you’re analyzing. It’s frequently a piece of writing or a speech, but it doesn’t have to be. For example, you could also treat an advertisement or political cartoon as a text.

The goal of a rhetorical analysis is to explain the effect a piece of writing or oratory has on its audience, how successful it is, and the devices and appeals it uses to achieve its goals.

Unlike a standard argumentative essay , it’s less about taking a position on the arguments presented, and more about exploring how they are constructed.

You should try to follow your outline as you write your essay . However, if your ideas change or it becomes clear that your structure could be better, it’s okay to depart from your essay outline . Just make sure you know why you’re doing so.

If you have to hand in your essay outline , you may be given specific guidelines stating whether you have to use full sentences. If you’re not sure, ask your supervisor.

When writing an essay outline for yourself, the choice is yours. Some students find it helpful to write out their ideas in full sentences, while others prefer to summarize them in short phrases.

You will sometimes be asked to hand in an essay outline before you start writing your essay . Your supervisor wants to see that you have a clear idea of your structure so that writing will go smoothly.

Even when you do not have to hand it in, writing an essay outline is an important part of the writing process . It’s a good idea to write one (as informally as you like) to clarify your structure for yourself whenever you are working on an essay.

Comparisons in essays are generally structured in one of two ways:

• The alternating method, where you compare your subjects side by side according to one specific aspect at a time.
• The block method, where you cover each subject separately in its entirety.

It’s also possible to combine both methods, for example by writing a full paragraph on each of your topics and then a final paragraph contrasting the two according to a specific metric.

Your subjects might be very different or quite similar, but it’s important that there be meaningful grounds for comparison . You can probably describe many differences between a cat and a bicycle, but there isn’t really any connection between them to justify the comparison.

You’ll have to write a thesis statement explaining the central point you want to make in your essay , so be sure to know in advance what connects your subjects and makes them worth comparing.

Some essay prompts include the keywords “compare” and/or “contrast.” In these cases, an essay structured around comparing and contrasting is the appropriate response.

Comparing and contrasting is also a useful approach in all kinds of academic writing : You might compare different studies in a literature review , weigh up different arguments in an argumentative essay , or consider different theoretical approaches in a theoretical framework .

The key difference is that a narrative essay is designed to tell a complete story, while a descriptive essay is meant to convey an intense description of a particular place, object, or concept.

Narrative and descriptive essays both allow you to write more personally and creatively than other kinds of essays , and similar writing skills can apply to both.

If you’re not given a specific prompt for your descriptive essay , think about places and objects you know well, that you can think of interesting ways to describe, or that have strong personal significance for you.

The best kind of object for a descriptive essay is one specific enough that you can describe its particular features in detail—don’t choose something too vague or general.

If you’re not given much guidance on what your narrative essay should be about, consider the context and scope of the assignment. What kind of story is relevant, interesting, and possible to tell within the word count?

The best kind of story for a narrative essay is one you can use to reflect on a particular theme or lesson, or that takes a surprising turn somewhere along the way.

Don’t worry too much if your topic seems unoriginal. The point of a narrative essay is how you tell the story and the point you make with it, not the subject of the story itself.

Narrative essays are usually assigned as writing exercises at high school or in university composition classes. They may also form part of a university application.

When you are prompted to tell a story about your own life or experiences, a narrative essay is usually the right response.

The majority of the essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Unless otherwise specified, you can assume that the goal of any essay you’re asked to write is argumentative: To convince the reader of your position using evidence and reasoning.

In composition classes you might be given assignments that specifically test your ability to write an argumentative essay. Look out for prompts including instructions like “argue,” “assess,” or “discuss” to see if this is the goal.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

An expository essay is a common assignment in high-school and university composition classes. It might be assigned as coursework, in class, or as part of an exam.

Sometimes you might not be told explicitly to write an expository essay. Look out for prompts containing keywords like “explain” and “define.” An expository essay is usually the right response to these prompts.

An expository essay is a broad form that varies in length according to the scope of the assignment.

Expository essays are often assigned as a writing exercise or as part of an exam, in which case a five-paragraph essay of around 800 words may be appropriate.

You’ll usually be given guidelines regarding length; if you’re not sure, ask.

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The kids are saying ‘GYAT’: What does it mean?

What’s GYAT, how do you pronounce it ... and should you be saying it in the first place?

Take note: It's not a G-rated word.

GYAT (which rhymes with “squat” or “bought,” or “Fiat” depending on your pronunciation of the “g”), can be an acronym for “Girl Your A** Thicc” or an abbreviation for “goddamn,” according to Bark , an online monitoring company that tracks teenage slang.

Believe it not, it's a compliment.

Urban Dictionary explains that “ GYAT " is used when complimenting someone with a curvaceous body, while “ GYATT " (spelled with two Ts), describes a man or woman with a large butt.

Dictionary.com has a more general definition: “Gyatt or gyat is a slang term that is used to express strong excitement, surprise, or admiration.” 

Brush up on the latest teen slang

• What is ‘preppy’? The old slang has a new meaning
• Why does your kid call you 'bruh'?
• What does rizz mean?

Where does GYAT come from?

"Dayum is a stylized way of saying damn, usually used to indicate surprise, with humorous intent, rather than in response to injury,”  John H McWhorter , an associate linguistics professor at Columbia University, tells  TODAY.com . “It was originally a southern Black pronunciation, exaggerated for effect.”

"Gyat" emerges from similar origins.

“GYAT evolved from ‘goddamn,’” explains McWhorter. “Specifically, a heightened way of saying it has always been ‘GOT-damn!’ which GYAT is based on.”

Kelly Elizabeth Wright, a postdoctoral research fellow in language sciences at Virginia Tech, tells TODAY.com: "It appears there are several competing theories for the provenance of this term, and because of this, there are also conflicting opinions on what type of term it is. Some consider this to be Black Southern, others Jamaican, and still others more generally Black ... there are many places where those traditions overlap."

She adds, "If you were to ask me what community seems to be using it the most currently, I’d place it with younger, online gamers."

According to Wright, "GYAT is one of hundreds of nominees for 2023 Word of The Year, an annual vote held by the American Dialect Society."

How kids these days are using ‘GYAT'

We can thank Gen Alpha — those born after 2012 — for putting “GYAT/TT” on our radar.

“Kids start using this type of slang as they embark on independence from their parents and gravitate toward their peer groups and form their own identities,” David Burke, aka “ Slangman “ and co-host of the podcast “Slingin’ The Slang!” tells TODAY.com.

Teens use GYAT verbally and on social media and messaging platforms like TikTok, Twitch, Discord and YouTube. Slang like GYAT can start a conversation or be shorthand to get around electronic character limits.

Burke says GYAT is not an insult.

“If someone says, “Wow you have a GYAT” it doesn’t mean, “You have a big butt,” he explains. “It means you have a big beautiful butt.” 

Can parents say ‘GYAT?’

Sorry, but no.

Burke says it’s important for parents to be able to interpret teen code to make sure they engage in safe behavior, but the lingo is “age-stamped.”

“If parents start using GYAT, teens will stop,” he says.

Dropping “GYAT” in any conversation — especially in a group of kids — will embarrass most teens, says Titania Jordan, CMO of Bark.us. She adds, “There’s a fine line between being a cool or ' cringe ' parent."

It's better to bring up the topic in private.

“Inquire in a joking manner or type it in a text message to your teen and see how they respond,” suggests Jordan. “Parents can also make it a game by asking their teen to quiz them about slang.”

In most cases, your curiosity will be hilarious to your kid.

“Either way, you’re bonding,” says Jordan. “However that happens with teens is a win.”

Elise Solé is a writer and editor who lives in Los Angeles and covers parenting for TODAY Parents. She was previously a news editor at Yahoo and has also worked at Marie Claire and Women's Health. Her bylines have appeared in Shondaland, SheKnows, Happify and more.

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Euros 2024 – Articles

What does Eid Mubarak mean and how should you reply to the greeting?

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During  Eid al-Fitr   and  Eid al-Adha  you will notice many people saying ‘Eid Mubarak’ to one another.

Eid al-Fitr, means ‘festival of the breaking of the fast ‘– it is celebrated at the end of Ramadan, the month during which many adult Muslims fast.

Eid al-Adha is celebrated just over two months later – it means ‘feast of the sacrifice’ and takes place at the same time as many Muslims perform the  Haji pilgrimage .

This five-day journey takes people to Mecca in Saudi Arabia, the holiest city in Islam – all Muslims who are able have to complete Hajj at least once in their life.

For 2024, Eid al-Adha will fall on Sunday, June 16 – the date of the celebration is dependent on when the new crescent moon is sighted.

The traditional greeting for both celebrations is ‘Eid Mubarak’ which is used by Muslims during the holy festivals around the world. What does it mean – and how can you  wish someone a happy Eid?

What does ‘Eid Mubarak’ mean?

‘Eid’ translates to English as ‘celebration’ whilst ‘Mubarak’ means ‘blessed’ – so together the phrase means ‘blessed celebration’.

That is the literal translation but it can be translated as ‘have a blessed holiday’ or simply ‘Happy Eid’.

The greeting is more of a cultural tradition than a religious requirement, but it is very common during the two religious holidays.

Is there a reply to ‘Eid Mubarak’?

If someone says Eid Mubarak to you, it is polite to respond by saying ‘Khair Mubarak’, which wishes goodwill on the person who greeted you.

You could also say ‘JazakAllah Khair’ which means thank you, but literally translates as ‘May Allah reward you with goodness’.

Do you have a story to share?

Get in touch by emailing [email protected] .

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Definition of assay

 (Entry 1 of 2)

transitive verb

intransitive verb

Definition of assay  (Entry 2 of 2)

Did you know?

Usage experts warn against confusing the verbs assay and essay . Some confusion shouldn’t be surprising; not only do the two somewhat uncommon words look and sound alike, they also come from the same root, the Middle French word essai , meaning "test" or "effort." ( Essai , in turn, comes from the Late Latin word exagium , meaning "act of weighing.") At one time, the two terms were synonyms, sharing the meaning "try" or "attempt," but they are now typically differentiated, with essay meaning "to try or attempt" (as in "a comedic actor essaying her first dramatic role") and assay meaning "to test or evaluate" (as in "blood assayed to detect the presence of the antibody"). Of course, essay is more common as a noun referring to a short analytic or personal literary composition, but that’s another essay .

• deconstruct
• anatomizing
• deconstruction

Examples of assay in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'assay.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Noun and Verb

Middle English, from Anglo-French assai, essai — more at essay entry 1

14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 2

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 4

Phrases Containing assay

• enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay

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assault weapon

Cite this Entry

“Assay.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/assay. Accessed 16 Jun. 2024.

Kids Definition

Kids definition of assay.

Kids Definition of assay  (Entry 2 of 2)

Medical Definition

Medical definition of assay.

Medical Definition of assay  (Entry 2 of 2)

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Nglish: Translation of assay for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of assay for Arabic Speakers

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About delegates: Allow someone to manage your mail and calendar

Similar to having an assistant that helps you manage your incoming paper mail, another person, known as a delegate, can receive and respond to email messages and meeting requests and responses on your behalf. You can also grant the delegate additional permissions to read, create, or change items in your Outlook mailbox.

Note:  Delegate access is only available if you're using a work or school account in Microsoft 365 or with Exchange Online.

What does Delegate Access do?

Delegate Access goes beyond just sharing access to your folders. Delegates are granted additional permissions, such as creating email messages or responding to meeting requests on your behalf. 

As the person granting permission, you determine the level of access that the delegate has to your calendar or mail folders. You can grant a delegate permission to read items in your folders or permission to read, create, change, and delete items.

By default, when you add a delegate, the delegate has full access to your Calendar (and in some cases your Tasks folders).

The delegate can also respond to meeting requests on your behalf, or if you need to grant send as permissions, you can contact your IT admin and request that. Send as permissions can only be set by your organization's admin. If you're an admin, see  Give mailbox permissions to another Microsoft 365 user - Admin help .

What are the delegate permission levels?

Reviewer : With this permission, the delegate can read items in your folders.

Author : With this permission, the delegate can read and create items, and change and delete items that they create. For example, a delegate can create meeting requests directly in your  Calendar folder and then send the item on your behalf.

Editor : With this permission, the delegate can do everything that an Author has permission to do and additionally can change and delete the items that you created.

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'It's like clockwork': Fauci points to MTG in 'pattern' of continued threats

Dr. Anthony Fauci said rhetoric from people like Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., is to blame for continued threats against him, after a contentious House hearing Monday where Greene refused to address him with the title of "Doctor."

In the heated House hearing , Greene bashed Fauci for what she claimed was his mishandling of the COVID pandemic and policies such as masks in schools. The controversial Georgia conservative also pointedly refused to refer to Fauci as a doctor, instead using the honorific "Mister."

Fauci led the nation's pandemic response as director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases from 1984 to 2022 and chief medical adviser to President Joe Biden from 2021 to 2022. He appeared Monday before members of the House subcommittee on the coronavirus pandemic.

Hours after the hearing concluded, Fauci told CNN that Greene is part of the reason he continues to be a target post-COVID and two years after leaving government service .

"Whenever somebody gets up, whether it's a news media – you know Fox News does it a lot – or it's somebody in the Congress who gets up and makes a public statement that I'm responsible for the deaths of X number of people because of policies or some crazy idea that I created the virus, immediately it's like clockwork – the death threats go way up," Fauci said.

While defending himself from Republican lawmakers' accusation-laden questions, Fauci spoke about the threats he, his wife and daughters have received.

"There have been credible death threats leading to the arrests of two individuals and credible death threats means someone who clearly was on their way to kill me," Fauci told the subcommittee.

Later he told CNN exchanges like the one had with Greene – during which she alleged, “That man does not deserve to have a license and in fact he deserves to be in prison" – are an ongoing pattern.

"When you have performances like that unusual performance by Marjorie Taylor Greene in today's hearing," Fauci said, "those are the kind of things that drive up the death threats because there (is) a segment of the population out there that believe that kind of nonsense."

Greene responded with a post on X , formerly Twitter, Tuesday morning.

"It’s not my comments that have people furious at Mr Fauci, it’s the FACT that his ridiculous, non-scientific, tyrannical policies DESTROYED people’s lives," Greene wrote.

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Meaning of essaying in English

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• go after someone
• go all out idiom
• go down swinging/fighting idiom
• go for it idiom
• go for someone
• shoot the works idiom
• smarten (someone/something) up
• smarten up your act idiom
• square the circle idiom
• step on the gas idiom

Examples of essaying

In English, many past and present participles of verbs can be used as adjectives. Some of these examples may show the adjective use.

Word of the Day

a high, round collar that does not fold over on itself, or a piece of clothing with this type of collar

Fakes and forgeries (Things that are not what they seem to be)

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Trump Has Been Convicted. Can He Still Run for President?

The Constitution and U.S. law have clear answers for only some of the questions raised by the criminal conviction of a major presidential candidate.

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By Maggie Astor

• June 5, 2024

Not since Eugene V. Debs campaigned from a prison cell more than a century ago has the United States experienced what is now happening: a prominent candidate with felony convictions running for president. And never before has that candidate been someone with a real chance of winning.

A Manhattan jury convicted former President Donald J. Trump on Thursday of falsifying business records to cover up a hush-money payment to a porn star. He has been charged with dozens of other felonies across three additional cases : two federal and one in Georgia .

For now, he faces no formal campaign restrictions, and he remains highly competitive in polls. But his sentencing on the New York convictions is approaching, on July 11, the other cases are still looming, and the Constitution and U.S. law have clear answers for only some of the questions that have arisen and may still arise.

Others could bring the country into truly uncharted territory, with huge decisions resting in the hands of federal judges.

Here is what we know, and what we don’t know.

Can Trump still run after his conviction?

This is the simplest question of the bunch. The answer is yes.

The Constitution sets very few eligibility requirements for presidents. They must be at least 35 years old, be “natural born” citizens  and have lived in the United States for at least 14 years.

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2 jurors were dismissed in the Karen Read trial. What does it mean for the case?

• Updated: Jun. 14, 2024, 1:35 p.m. |
• Published: Jun. 14, 2024, 12:04 p.m.

Karen Read waits as her legal team meets at the side bar during Read’s trial in Norfolk Superior Court, Friday, June 14, 2024, in Dedham, Mass. Read, 44, is accused of running into her Boston police officer boyfriend with her SUV in the middle of a nor'easter and leaving him for dead after a night of heavy drinking. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa, Pool) AP

• Charlie McKenna | [email protected]

The trial of Karen Read , a Mansfield woman charged with the murder of her Boston police officer boyfriend, plunged deeper into chaos this week after the dismissal of two jurors, raising questions about what that might mean for the remainder of the trial, which is in its seventh week of testimony.

It is not clear why the jurors were dismissed from the case. One was excused on Friday and another earlier in the week, according to WCVB-TV . Judge Beverly Cannone said in court Friday that “there are good reasons personal to that juror” why they were no longer serving. Cannone seated 17 jurors to begin the case, 12 regular jurors and 5 alternates. The total number of jurors is 15 as of Friday.

Regular and alternate jurors are present during trial testimony.

Typically, when a juror is removed from a case, a judge proceeds in one of three ways: they replace the juror with an alternate juror, continue the trial with a smaller jury or declare a mistrial, which would require a new trial, Rebecca Pirius , a legal editor for the publishing company NOLO and former law clerk, wrote on lawyers.com .

In Read’s case, there are no indications that Cannone will declare a mistrial. Instead, the case appears to be proceeding with alternates taking the place of the jurors who have been dismissed. A number of alternate jurors, in addition to 12 jurors, were seated in Read’s case, a move Pirius and Elizabeth Gjelten, another legal editor, say allows a judge to replace a regular juror who’s been removed.

Judges can dismiss jurors for two reasons — either for misconduct during the trial or for good cause like a death in the family or an illness.

Misconduct might include inattention, disobeyance of court instructions or an absence from the courtroom, according to Pirius and Gjelten.

Read, 44, of Mansfield, is charged with the killing of her boyfriend John O’Keefe on Jan. 29, 2022. Norfolk prosecutors claim she struck O’Keefe while driving under the influence of alcohol after dropping him off at a Canton home during a snowstorm.

Read pleaded not guilty to second-degree murder, motor vehicle manslaughter while driving under the influence, and leaving the scene of a motor vehicle crash causing death. Her attorneys claim other people are responsible for O’Keefe’s death and that alleged conflicts of interest have compromised the case .

More about the case

• Karen Read live updates: Data from Read’s SUV ‘consistent with pedestrian strike’
• Gov. Healey: ‘Terrible’ state trooper testimony in Karen Read trial harms police dignity
• Karen Read live updates: John O’Keefe’s DNA was found on Read’s taillight
• Karen Read trial live updates: ‘Shame on you’ defense tells police investigator
• Karen Read trial live updates: Investigator testified about ‘unprofessional’ texts

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You're 'fixin' to'? And where's 'the city'? Decoding Oklahoma slang

If you're new to Oklahoma, you might be wondering why everyone says they're "fixin' to" do something when it doesn't seem like they're talking about making repairs.

Or maybe you're confused because everyone says "the city" even though Oklahoma has tons of cities.

Here's a guide to popular slang in Oklahoma.

What does 'fixin' to' mean?

In Oklahoma, "fixin to" usually doesn't pertain to someone actually making a repair on something.

Instead, if someone says they're "fixing to" do something, this means they're about to do something.

For example, if you hear an Oklahoma say, "I'm fixin' to go to Homeland." This means they're about to go to Homeland.

What is 'the city' in Oklahoma?

Oklahoma has tons of cities, like Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Norman, Edmond, just to name a few.

However, if you hear someone in Oklahoma say they're going to the city, they probably mean that they're going to Oklahoma City even if you live closer to another major city in the state.

If an Oklahoman says, "I'm fixin' to go to the city," this means they're about to go to the city, and you might have just heard the most Oklahoman sentence of all time.

What's an 'Okie'?

In modern times, when someone refers to themselves or someone else as an "Okie" , they're usually describing that person as being from Oklahoma.

The term used to describe migrant workers from Oklahoma in the 1930s during the Dust Bowl when Oklahomans accounted for about 20% of the migration to California.

They were all tagged as "Okies" and California lawmakers responded with an Anti-Okie law aimed at stopping the flow.

What does "dadgum" mean?

"Dadgum" is a mild alternative to harsher curse words when someone's annoyed or angry.

A variation of "dadgum" is "dadgummit" which is similar to "Goddammit".

In Oklahoma, you might hear someone yell "Dadgummit!" at their television when an Oklahoma Sooners quarterback is intercepted by a Texas Longhorn.

What's a 'twister'?

The word "twister" is an informal alternative to the word "tornado".

The word does not refer to the children's game "Twister".

If an Oklahoman tells you, "There's a twister outside," you should probably seek shelter from an approaching tornado.

What does 'y'all"?

Oklahomans, along with folks in other Southern states, love to use the word "y'all" when referring to a group of people.

The word means "you all," and you might even hear an Oklahoman say, "All y'all." This means "All of y'all".

You might hear a mom in Oklahoma tell her kids, "Y'all come inside," when it's time for dinner.

What does 'big ol' mean?

Oklahomans have their own measurement term known as "big ol'".

The term is used as an adjective to describe a rather large item.

For example, if you hear a local angler say, "I caught a big ol' catfish this weekend," they probably caught a massive mud cat, and chances are they did it with their bare hands.