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How to Write a Job Application Letter (With Examples)

What Is a Job Application Letter?

Tips for writing a job application letter, how to get started.

• Writing Guidelines
• What to Include in Each Section

Simple Formatting Using a Template

Tips for writing an effective letter, sample job application letter, sending an email application, review more letter examples.

Do you need to write a letter to apply for a job? Most of the time, the answer is yes. Even when employers don’t require a job application letter , writing one will help you highlight your skills and achievements and get the hiring manager’s attention. The only time not to send one is when the job listing says not to do so. It can help, and it definitely won't hurt to include an application letter with your resume.

A job application letter, also known as a cover letter , should be sent or uploaded with your resume when applying for jobs. While your resume offers a history of your work experience and an outline of your skills and accomplishments, the job application letter you send to an employer explains why you are qualified for the position and should be selected for an interview.

Writing this letter can seem like a challenging task. However, if you take it one step at a time, you'll soon be an expert at writing application letters to send with your resume.

Melissa Ling / The Balance

Before you begin writing your job application letter, do some groundwork. Consider what information you want to include, and keep in mind that space is limited.

Remember, this letter is making a case for your candidacy for the position. But you should do more than just regurgitate your resume. Instead, highlight your most relevant skills, experiences, and abilities.

Analyze the Job Posting

To include the most convincing, relevant details in your letter, you'll need to know what the employer wants.

The biggest clues are within the job advertisement, so spend some time decoding the job listing . Next, match your qualifications with the employer's wants and needs.

Include Your Most Relevant Qualifications

Make a list of your relevant experience and skills. For instance, if the job ad calls for a strong leader, think of examples of when you've successfully led a team. Once you've jotted down some notes and have a sense of what you want to highlight in your letter, you're ready to start writing.

Writing Guidelines for Job Application Letters

Writing a job application letter is very different from a quick email to a friend or a thank-you note to a relative. Hiring managers and potential interviewers have certain expectations when it comes to the letter's presentation and appearance, from length (no more than a page) and font size to style and letter spacing . Keep these general guidelines in mind, but always stick to any explicit instructions in the job listing or application portal.

Length: A letter of application should be no more than one page long. Three to four paragraphs are typical.

Format and Page Margins: A letter of application should be single-spaced with a space between each paragraph. Use 1-inch margins and align your text to the left, which is the standard alignment for most documents.

Font: Use a traditional font such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri. The font size should be between 10 and 12 points.

What to Include in Each Section of the Letter

There are also set rules for the sections included in the letter, from salutation to sign-off, and how the letter is organized. Here's a quick overview of the main sections included in a job application letter:

Heading: A job application letter should begin with both your and the employer's contact information (name, address, phone number, email), followed by the date. If this is an email rather than an actual letter, include your contact information at the end of the letter, after your signature.

•   Header Examples

Salutation: This is your polite greeting. The most common salutation is "Dear Mr./Ms." followed by the person's last name. Find out more about appropriate cover letter salutations , including what to do if you don't know the person's name or are unsure of a contact's gender.

Body of the letter: Think of this section as having three distinct parts.

In the first paragraph , you'll want to mention the job you are applying for and where you saw the job listing.

The next paragraph(s) are the most important part of your letter. Remember how you gathered information about what the employer was seeking, and how you could meet their needs? This is where you'll share those relevant details on your experience and accomplishments.

The third and last part of the body of the letter will be your thank you to the employer; you can also offer follow-up information.

Complimentary Close: Sign off your email or letter with a polite close, such as "Best," or "Sincerely," followed by your name.

• Closing Examples

Signature: When you're sending or uploading a printed letter, end with your handwritten signature, followed by your typed name. If this is an email, simply include your typed name, followed by your contact information.

• Signature Examples

Overwhelmed by all these formatting and organization requirements? One way to make the process of writing a job application easier is to use a template to create your own personalized letters. Having a template can help save you time if you are sending a lot of application letters.

Be sure that each letter you send is personalized to the company and position; do not send the same letter to different companies.

• Always write one. Unless a job posting explicitly says not to send a letter of application or cover letter, you should always send one. Even if the company does not request a letter of application, it never hurts to include one. If they do ask you to send a letter, make sure to follow the directions exactly (for example, they might ask you to send the letter as an email attachment or type it directly into their online application system).
• Use business letter format. Use a formal business letter format when writing your letter. Include your contact information at the top, the date, and the employer’s contact information. Be sure to provide a salutation at the beginning and your signature at the end.
• Sell yourself. Throughout the letter, focus on how you would benefit the company. Provide specific examples of times when you demonstrated skills or abilities that would be useful for the job, especially those listed in the job posting or description. If possible, include examples of times when you added value to a company.

Numerical values offer concrete evidence of your skills and accomplishments.

• Use keywords. Reread the job listing, taking note of any keywords (such as skills or abilities that are emphasized in the listing). Try to include some of those words in your cover letter. This will help the employer see that you are a strong fit for the job.
• Keep it brief. Keep your letter under a page long, with no more than about four paragraphs. An employer is more likely to read a concise letter.
• Proofread and edit. Employers are likely to overlook an application with a lot of errors. Read through your cover letter, and if possible, ask a friend or career counselor to review the letter. Proofread for any grammar or spelling errors.

This is a job application letter sample.  Download the letter template (compatible with Google Docs or Word Online) or read the example below.

Sample Job Application Letter (Text Version)

Elizabeth Johnson 12 Jones Street Portland, Maine 04101 555-555-5555 elizabethjohnson@emailaddress.com

August 11, 2024

Mark Smith Human Resources Manager Veggies to Go 238 Main Street Portland, Maine 04101

Dear Mr. Smith,

I was so excited when my former coworker, Jay Lopez, told me about your opening for an administrative assistant in your Portland offices. A long-time Veggies to Go customer and an experienced admin, I would love to help the company achieve its mission of making healthy produce as available as takeout.

I’ve worked for small companies for my entire career, and I relish the opportunity to wear many hats and work with the team to succeed. In my latest role as an administrative assistant at Beauty Corp, I saved my employer thousands of dollars in temp workers by implementing a self-scheduling system for the customer service reps that cut down on canceled shifts. I also learned web design and timesheet coding, and I perfected my Excel skills. 

I’ve attached my resume for your consideration and hope to speak with you soon about your needs for the role.

Best Regards,

Elizabeth Johnson (signature hard copy letter)

Elizabeth Johnson

When you are sending your letter via email include the reason you are writing in the subject line of your message:

Subject Line Example

Subject: Elizabeth Johnson – Administrative Assistant Position

List your contact information in your signature, rather than in the body of the letter:

Email Signature Example

Elizabeth Johnson 555-555-5555 email@emailaddress.com

Review more examples of professionally written cover letters for a variety of circumstances, occupations, and job types.

CareerOneStop. " How Do I Write a Cover Letter? "

University of Maryland Global Campus. " Cover Letters ."

How to Write a Cover Letter [Full Guide & Examples for 2024]

After weeks of heavy job searching, you’re almost there!

You’ve perfected your resume.

You’ve short-listed the coolest jobs you want to apply for.

You’ve even had a friend train you for every single interview question out there.

But then, before you can send in your application and call it a day, you remember that you need to write a cover letter too.

So now, you’re stuck staring at a blank page, wondering where to start...

Don’t panic! We’ve got you covered. Writing a cover letter is a lot simpler than you might think. 

In this guide, we’re going to teach you how to write a cover letter that gets you the job you deserve.

We're going to cover:

What Is a Cover Letter?

• How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter, Step by Step
• 15+ Job-Winning Cover Letter Examples

Let’s get started.

A cover letter is a document that you submit as part of your job application, alongside your resume or CV.

The purpose of a cover letter is to introduce you and briefly summarize your professional background. On average, it should be around 250 to 400 words long .

A good cover letter is supposed to impress the hiring manager and convince them you’re worth interviewing as a candidate.

So, how can your cover letter achieve this?

First of all, it should complement your resume, not copy it. Your cover letter is your chance to elaborate on important achievements, skills, or anything else that your resume doesn’t give you the space to cover. 

For example, if you have an employment gap on your resume, the cover letter is a great place to explain why it happened and how it helped you grow as a person. 

If this is your first time writing a cover letter, writing about yourself might seem complicated. But don’t worry—you don’t need to be super creative or even a good writer .

All you have to do is follow this tried and tested cover letter structure:

• Header. Add all the necessary contact information at the top of your cover letter.
• Formal greeting. Choose an appropriate way to greet your target audience.
• Introduction. Introduce yourself in the opening paragraph and explain your interest in the role.
• Body. Elaborate on why you’re the best candidate for the job and a good match for the company. Focus on “selling” your skills, achievements, and relevant professional experiences.
• Conclusion. Summarize your key points and wrap it up professionally.

Now, let’s take a look at an example of a cover letter that follows our structure perfectly:

New to cover letter writing? Give our cover letter video a watch before diving into the article!

When Should You Write a Cover Letter?

You should always include a cover letter in your job application, even if the hiring manager never reads it. Submitting a cover letter is as important as submitting a resume if you want to look like a serious candidate.

If the employer requests a cover letter as part of the screening process, not sending one is a huge red flag and will probably get your application tossed into the “no” pile immediately.

On the other hand, if the job advertisement doesn’t require a cover letter from the candidates, adding one shows you went the extra mile.

Putting in the effort to write a cover letter can set you apart from other candidates with similar professional experience and skills, and it could even sway the hiring manager to call you for an interview if you do it right.

Need to write a letter to help get you into a good school or volunteer program? Check out our guide to learn how to write a motivation letter !

How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter

Now that you know what a cover letter is, it’s time to learn how to write one!

We’ll go through the process in detail, step by step.

#1. Choose the Right Cover Letter Template

A good cover letter is all about leaving the right first impression.

So, what’s a better way to leave a good impression than a well-formatted, stylish template?

Just choose one of our hand-picked cover letter templates , and you’ll be all set in no time!

As a bonus, our intuitive AI will even give you suggestions on how to improve your cover letter as you write it. You’ll have the perfect cover letter done in minutes!

#2. Put Contact Information in the Header

As with a resume, it’s important to 

start your cover letter

 with your contact details at the top. These should be in your cover letter’s header, separated neatly from the bulk of your text.

Here, you want to include all the essential contact information , including:

• Full Name. Your first and last name should stand out at the top.
• Job Title. Match the professional title underneath your name to the exact job title of the position you’re applying for. Hiring managers often hire for several roles at once, so giving them this cue about what role you’re after helps things go smoother.
• Email Address. Always use a professional and easy-to-spell email address. Ideally, it should combine your first and last names.
• Phone Number. Add a number where the hiring manager can easily reach you.
• Location. Add your city and state/country, no need for more details.
• Relevant Links (optional). You can add links to websites or social media profiles that are relevant to your field. Examples include a LinkedIn profile , Github, or an online portfolio.

Then it’s time to add the recipient’s contact details, such as:

• Hiring Manager's Name. If you can find the name of the hiring manager, add it.
• Hiring Manager's Title. While there’s no harm in writing “hiring manager,” if they’re the head of the department, we recommend you use that title accordingly.
• Company Name. Make sure to write the name of the company you're applying to.
• Location. The city and state/country are usually enough information here, too.
• Date of Writing (Optional). You can include the date you wrote your cover letter for an extra professional touch.

#3. Address the Hiring Manager

Once you’ve properly listed all the contact information, it’s time to start writing the content of the cover letter.

The first thing you need to do here is to address your cover letter directly to the hiring manager.

In fact, you want to address the hiring manager personally .

Forget the old “Dear Sir or Madam” or the impersonal “To Whom It May Concern.” You want to give your future boss a good impression and show them that you did your research before sending in your application.

No one wants to hire a job seeker who just spams 20+ companies and hopes something sticks with their generic approach

So, how do you find out who’s the hiring manager?

First, check the job ad. The hiring manager’s name might be listed somewhere in it.

If that doesn’t work, check the company’s LinkedIn page. You just need to look up the head of the relevant department you’re applying to, and you’re all set.

For example, if you’re applying for the position of Communication Specialist at Novorésumé. The hiring manager is probably the Head of Communications or the Chief Communications Officer.

Here’s what you should look for on LinkedIn:

And there you go! You have your hiring manager.

But let’s say you’re applying for a position as a server . In that case, you’d be looking for the “restaurant manager” or “food and beverage manager.”

If the results don’t come up with anything, try checking out the “Team” page on the company website; there’s a good chance you’ll at least find the right person there.

Make sure to address them as Mr. or Ms., followed by their last name. If you’re not sure about their gender or marital status, you can just stick to their full name, like so:

• Dear Mr. Kurtuy,
• Dear Andrei Kurtuy,

But what if you still can’t find the hiring manager’s name, no matter where you look?

No worries. You can direct your cover letter to the company, department, or team as a whole, or just skip the hiring manager’s name.

• Dear [Department] Hiring Manager
• Dear Hiring Manager
• Dear [Department] Team
• Dear [Company Name]

Are you applying for a research position? Learn how to write an academic personal statement .

#4. Write an Eye-Catching Introduction

First impressions matter, especially when it comes to your job search.

Hiring managers get hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of applications. Chances are, they’re not going to be reading every single cover letter end-to-end.

So, it’s essential to catch their attention from the very first paragraph.

The biggest problem with most opening paragraphs is that they’re usually extremely generic. Here’s an example:

• My name is Jonathan, and I’d like to work as a Sales Manager at XYZ Inc. I’ve worked as a Sales Manager at MadeUpCompany Inc. for 5+ years, so I believe that I’d be a good fit for the position.

See the issue here? This opening paragraph doesn’t say anything except the fact that you’ve worked the job before.

And do you know who else has similar work experience? All the other applicants you’re competing with.

Instead, you want to start with some of your top achievements to grab the reader’s attention. And to get the point across, the achievements should be as relevant as possible to the position.

Your opening paragraph should also show the hiring manager a bit about why you want this specific job. For example, mention how the job relates to your plans for the future or how it can help you grow professionally. This will show the hiring manager that you’re not just applying left and right—you’re actually enthusiastic about getting this particular role.

Now, let’s make our previous example shine:

Dear Mr. Smith,

My name’s Michael, and I’d like to help XYZ Inc. hit and exceed its sales goals as a Sales Manager. I’ve worked as a Sales Representative with Company X, another fin-tech company , for 3+ years, where I generated an average of $30,000+ in sales per month and beat the KPIs by around 40%. I believe that my previous industry experience, passion for finance , and excellence in sales make me the right candidate for the job.

The second candidate starts with what they can do for the company in the future and immediately lists an impressive and relevant achievement. Since they’re experienced in the same industry and interested in finance, the hiring manager can see they’re not just a random applicant.

From this introduction, it’s safe to say that the hiring manager would read the rest of this candidate’s cover letter.

#5. Use the Cover Letter Body for Details

The next part of your cover letter is where you can go into detail about what sets you apart as a qualified candidate for the job.

The main thing you need to remember here is that you shouldn’t make it all about yourself . Your cover letter is supposed to show the hiring manager how you relate to the job and the company you’re applying to.

No matter how cool you make yourself sound in your cover letter, if you don’t tailor it to match what the hiring manager is looking for, you’re not getting an interview.

To get this right, use the job ad as a reference when writing your cover letter. Make sure to highlight skills and achievements that match the job requirements, and you’re good to go.

Since this part of your cover letter is by far the longest, you should split it into at least two paragraphs.

Here’s what each paragraph should cover:

Explain Why You’re the Perfect Candidate for the Role

Before you can show the hiring manager that you’re exactly what they’ve been looking for, you need to know what it is they’re looking for.

Start by doing a bit of research. Learn what the most important skills and responsibilities of the role are according to the job ad, and focus on any relevant experience you have that matches them.

For example, if you’re applying for the position of a Facebook Advertiser. The top requirements on the job ad are:

• Experience managing a Facebook ad budget of $10,000+ / month
• Some skills in advertising on other platforms (Google Search + Twitter)
• Excellent copywriting skills

So, in the body of your cover letter, you need to show how you meet these requirements. Here’s an example of what that can look like:

In my previous role as a Facebook Marketing Expert at XYZ Inc. I handled customer acquisition through ads, managing a monthly Facebook ad budget of $40,000+ . As the sole digital marketer at the company, I managed the ad creation and management process end-to-end. I created the ad copy and images, picked the targeting, ran optimization trials, and so on.

Other than Facebook advertising, I’ve also delved into other online PPC channels, including:

• Google Search

Our example addresses all the necessary requirements and shows off the candidate’s relevant skills.

Are you a student applying for your first internship? Learn how to write an internship cover letter with our dedicated guide.

Explain Why You’re a Good Fit for the Company

As skilled and experienced as you may be, that’s not all the hiring manager is looking for.

They also want someone who’s a good fit for their company and who actually wants to work there.

Employees who don’t fit in with the company culture are likely to quit sooner or later. This ends up costing the company a ton of money, up to 50% of the employee’s annual salary , so hiring managers vet candidates very carefully to avoid this scenario.

So, you have to convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about working with them.

Start by doing some research about the company. You want to know things like:

• What’s the company’s business model?
• What’s the company’s product or service? Have you used it?
• What’s the company’s culture like?

Chances are, you’ll find all the information you need either on the company website or on job-search websites like Jobscan or Glassdoor.

Then, pick your favorite thing about the company and talk about it in your cover letter.

But don’t just describe the company in its own words just to flatter them. Be super specific—the hiring manager can see through any fluff.

For example, if you’re passionate about their product and you like the company’s culture of innovation and independent work model, you can write something like:

I’ve personally used the XYZ Smartphone, and I believe that it’s the most innovative tech I’ve used in years. The features, such as Made-Up-Feature #1 and Made-Up-Feature #2, were real game changers for the device.

I really admire how Company XYZ strives for excellence in all its product lines, creating market-leading tech. As someone who thrives in a self-driven environment, I truly believe that I’ll be a great match for your Product Design team.

So, make sure to do your fair share of research and come up with good reasons why you're applying to that specific company.

Is the company you want to work for not hiring at the moment? Check out our guide to writing a letter of interest .

#6. Wrap It Up and Sign It

Finally, it’s time to conclude your cover letter.

In the final paragraph, you want to:

• Wrap up any points you couldn't make in the previous paragraphs. Do you have anything left to say? If there’s any other information that could help the hiring manager make their decision, mention it here. If not, just recap your key selling points so far, such as key skills and expertise.
• Express gratitude. Politely thanking the hiring manager for their time is always a good idea.
• Finish the cover letter with a call to action. The very last sentence in your cover letter should be a call to action. This means you should ask the hiring manager to do something, like call you and discuss your application or arrange an interview.
• Remember to sign your cover letter. Just add a formal closing line and sign your name at the bottom.

Here’s an example of how to end your cover letter :

I hope to help Company X make the most of their Facebook marketing initiatives. I'd love to further discuss how my previous success at XYZ Inc. can help you achieve your Facebook marketing goals. Please don’t hesitate to reach out to me at the provided email address or phone number so that we may arrange an interview.

Thank you for your consideration,

Alice Richards

Feel free to use one of these other popular closing lines for your cover letter:

• Best Regards,
• Kind Regards,

Cover Letter Writing Checklist

Once you’re done with your cover letter, it’s time to check if it meets all industry requirements. 

Give our handy cover letter writing checklist a look to make sure:

Does your cover letter heading include all essential information?

• Professional Email
• Phone Number
• Relevant Links

Do you address the right person? 

• The hiring manager in the company
• Your future direct supervisor
• The company/department in general

Does your introductory paragraph grab the reader's attention?

• Did you mention some of your top achievements?
• Did you use numbers and facts to back up your experience?
• Did you convey enthusiasm for the specific role?

Do you show that you’re the right candidate for the job?

• Did you identify the core requirements for the role?
• Did you show how your experiences helped you fit the requirements perfectly?

Do you convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about the company you’re applying to?

• Did you identify the top 3 things that you like about the company?
• Did you avoid generic reasons for explaining your interest in the company?

Did you conclude your cover letter properly?

• Did you recap your key selling points in the conclusion?
• Did you end your cover letter with a call to action?
• Did you use the right formal closing line and sign your name?

15 Cover Letter Tips

Now you’re all set to write your cover letter! 

Before you start typing, here are some cover letter tips to help take your cover letter to the next level:

• Customize Your Cover Letter for Each Job. Make sure your cover letter is tailored to the job you're applying for. This shows you're not just sending generic applications left and right, and it tells the hiring manager you’re the right person for the job.
• Showcase Your Skills. Talk about how your skills meet the company’s needs. And while your hard skills should be front and center, you shouldn’t underestimate your soft skills in your cover letter either.
• Avoid Fluff. Don’t make any generic statements you can’t back up. The hiring manager can tell when you’re just throwing words around, and it doesn’t make your cover letter look good.
• Use Specific Examples. Instead of saying you're great at something, give an actual example to back up your claim. Any data you can provide makes you sound more credible, so quantify your achievements. For example, give numbers such as percentages related to your performance and the timeframe it took to accomplish certain achievements.
• Research the Company. Always take time to learn about the company you're applying to. Make sure to mention something about them in your cover letter to show the hiring manager that you're interested.
• Follow the Application Instructions. If the job posting asks for something specific in your cover letter or requires a certain format, make sure you include it. Not following instructions can come off as unattentive or signal to the hiring manager that you’re not taking the job seriously.
• Use the Right Template and Format. Choose the right cover letter format and adapt your cover letter’s look to the industry you’re applying for. For example, if you’re aiming for a job in Law or Finance, you should go for a cleaner, more professional look. But if you’re applying for a field that values innovation, like IT or Design, you have more room for creativity.
• Express Your Enthusiasm. Let the hiring manager know why you're excited about the job. Your passion for the specific role or the field in general can be a big selling point, and show them that you’re genuinely interested, not just applying left and right.
• Address Any Gaps. If there are any employment gaps in your resume , your cover letter is a great place to mention why. Your resume doesn’t give you enough space to elaborate on an employment gap, so addressing it here can set hiring managers at ease—life happens, and employers understand.
• Avoid Quirky Emails. Your email address should be presentable. It’s hard for a hiring manager to take you seriously if your email address is “[email protected].” Just use a [email protected] format.
• Check Your Contact Information. Typos in your email address or phone number can mean a missed opportunity. Double-check these before sending your application.
• Mention if You Want to Relocate. If you’re looking for a job that lets you move somewhere else, specify this in your cover letter.
• Keep It Brief. You want to keep your cover letter short and sweet. Hiring managers don’t have time to read a novel, so if you go over one page, they simply won’t read it at all.
• Use a Professional Tone. Even though a conversational tone isn’t a bad thing, remember that it's still a formal document. Show professionalism in your cover letter by keeping slang, jargon, and emojis out of it.
• Proofread Carefully. Typos and grammar mistakes are a huge deal-breaker. Use a tool like Grammarly or QuillBot to double-check your spelling and grammar, or even get a friend to check it for you.

15+ Cover Letter Examples

Need some inspiration? Check out some perfect cover letter examples for different experience levels and various professions.

5+ Cover Letter Examples by Experience

#1. college student cover letter example.

Check out our full guide to writing a college student cover letter here.

#2. Middle Management Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a project manager cover letter here.

#3. Team Leader Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a team leader cover letter here.

#4. Career Change Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to a career change resume and cover letter here.

#5. Management Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a management cover letter here.

#6. Senior Executive Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing an executive resume here.

9+ Cover Letter Examples by Profession

#1. it cover letter example.

Check out our full guide to writing an IT cover letter here.

#2. Consultant Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a consultant cover letter here.

#3. Human Resources Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a human resources cover letter here.

#4. Business Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a business cover letter here.

#5. Sales Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a sales cover letter here.

#6. Social Worker Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a social worker cover letter here.

#7. Lawyer Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a lawyer cover letter here.

#8. Administrative Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an administrative assistant cover letter here.

#9. Engineering Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing an engineer cover letter here.

#10. Receptionist Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a receptionist cover letter here.

Need more inspiration? Check out these cover letter examples to learn what makes them stand out.

Plug & Play Cover Letter Template

Not sure how to start your cover letter? Don’t worry!

Just copy and paste our free cover letter template into the cover letter builder, and swap out the blanks for your details.

[Your Full Name]

[Your Profession]

[Your Phone Number]

[Your Email Address]

[Your Location]

[Your LinkedIn Profile URL (optional)]

[Your Personal Website URL (optional)]

[Recipient's Name, e.g., Jane Doe],

[Recipient's Position, e.g., Hiring Manager]

[Company Name, e.g., ABC Corporation]

[Company Address]

[City, State/Country]

Dear [Recipient's Name],

As a seasoned [Your Profession] with [Number of Years of Experience] years of industry experience, I am eager to express my interest in the [Job Title] position at [Company Name]. With my experience in [Your Industry/Sector] and the successes I've achieved throughout my education and career, I believe I can bring unique value and creativity to your team.

In my current role as [Your Current Job Title], I've taken the lead on more than [Number of Projects/Assignments] projects, some valued up to $[Highest Project Value]. I pride myself on consistently exceeding client expectations and have successfully [Mention a Key Achievement] in just a [Amount of Time] through [Skill] and [Skill].

I've collaborated with various professionals, such as [List Roles], ensuring that all [projects/tasks] meet [relevant standards or objectives]. This hands-on experience, coupled with my dedication to understanding each [client's/customer's] vision, has equipped me to navigate and deliver on complex projects.

My key strengths include:

• Improving [Achievement] by [%] over [Amount of Time] which resulted in [Quantified Result].
• Optimizing [Work Process/Responsibility] which saved [Previous Employer] [Amount of Time/Budget/Other Metric] over [Weeks/Months/Years]
• Spearheading team of [Number of People] to [Task] and achieving [Quantified Result].

Alongside this letter, I've attached my resume. My educational background, a [Your Degree] with a concentration in [Your Specialization], complements the practical skills that I'm particularly eager to share with [Company Name].

I'm excited about the possibility of contributing to [Something Notable About the Company or Its Mission]. I'd be grateful for the chance to delve deeper into how my expertise aligns with your needs.

Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.

The Heart of Your Job Search - Creating a Killer Resume

Your cover letter is only as good as your resume. If either one is weak, your entire application falls through.

After all, your cover letter is meant to complement your resume. Imagine going through all this effort to leave an amazing first impression in your cover letter, only for the hiring manager to never read it because your resume was mediocre.

But don’t worry; we’ve got you covered here, too.

Check out our dedicated guide on how to make a resume and learn everything you need to know to land your dream job!

Just pick one of our resume templates and start writing your own job-winning resume.

Key Takeaways

Now that we’ve walked you through all the steps of writing a cover letter, let’s summarize everything we’ve learned:

• A cover letter is a 250 - 400 word document that’s meant to convince the hiring manager that you’re the best candidate for the job.
• Your job application should always include a cover letter alongside your resume.
• To grab the hiring manager’s attention, write a strong opening paragraph. Mention who you are, why you’re applying, and a standout achievement to pique their interest.
• Your cover letter should focus on why you’re the perfect candidate for the job and why you’re passionate about working in this specific company.
• Use the body of your cover letter to provide details on your skills, achievements, and qualifications, as well as make sure to convey your enthusiasm throughout your whole cover letter.
• Recap your key selling points towards the end of your cover letter, and end it with a formal closing line and your full name signed underneath.

At Novorésumé, we’re committed to helping you get the job you deserve every step of the way! 

Follow our career blog for more valuable advice, or check out some of our top guides, such as:

• How to Make a Resume in 2024 | Beginner's Guide
• How to Write a CV (Curriculum Vitae) in 2024 [31+ Examples]
• 35+ Job Interview Questions and Answers [Full List]

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• Career Blog

Writing a Winning Job Application Letter: Tips and Examples

A job application letter, also known as a cover letter, is a formal letter that accompanies your resume and introduces you to a potential employer. The purpose of a job application letter is to highlight your qualifications, experience, and skills that make you the perfect candidate for the job. It also helps employers understand your personality, work ethic, and how you plan to contribute to their organization.

Importance of Customization

One of the key factors that can make or break your job application letter is how well you customize it to the specific job you are applying for. Employers want to see that you have taken the time to research their company and understand what they are looking for in a candidate. Customizing your letter also shows that you are genuinely interested in the job and that you are willing to put in the extra effort to stand out from other applicants.

Brief Overview of Key Sections

While job application letters can vary slightly depending on the job and industry, they typically contain four key sections:

Introduction: This section should include a brief introduction, the job you are applying for, and how you found out about it.

Qualifications: In this section, you should discuss your qualifications and experience that make you a good fit for the job. Be sure to tailor this section to the specific job requirements to show that you have the skills they are looking for.

Skills: Here, you should highlight your relevant skills and how they apply to the job. Use examples from your past experiences to demonstrate your proficiency in each skill.

Closing: The closing paragraph should thank the employer for considering your application and provide contact information for them to reach you.

In this article, we will dive into each of these sections in more detail and provide tips and examples to help you write a winning job application letter.

Understand the Job Requirements

To write a winning job application letter, it is important to thoroughly understand the job requirements. This involves analyzing the job description and understanding the needs of the employer, as well as tailoring your letter to attract the specific employer.

A. Analyzing the Job Description

The job description provides you with valuable information about the position you are applying for. It outlines the required skills, qualifications, and responsibilities of the job. By analyzing the job description, you can determine if the role is a good fit for your experience and qualifications.

When analyzing the job description, it is important to pay attention to key phrases and requirements mentioned. These can give you insight into the priorities of the employer and allow you to tailor your application to meet those priorities.

B. Understanding the Needs of the Employer

To write a winning job application letter, it is also essential to understand the needs of the employer. This means researching the company and the industry to get a better understanding of the company culture, mission, and values. It also means understanding the desired outcome of the position and how you can address the employer’s needs.

One way to convey your understanding of the employer’s needs is to highlight relevant accomplishments in your application letter. By showing how you have successfully addressed similar challenges in the past, you can demonstrate your potential value to the employer.

C. Tailoring the Letter to Attract Specific Employer

Finally, to write a winning job application letter, it is important to tailor your letter to attract the specific employer. This means using language and examples that relate to the specific company and its values. It also means customizing your application letter to the specific job and its requirements.

To tailor your letter, take the time to research the company and its values. This can involve reviewing their website, social media, and other online resources. By addressing the specific needs and values of the employer, you can show that you are invested in the position and the company.

To write a winning job application letter, it is important to understand the job requirements, analyze the job description, understand the needs of the employer, and tailor the letter to attract the specific employer. By doing so, you can craft an application that stands out from the competition and showcases your value as a candidate.

Research the Company and Industry

Before writing your job application letter, it’s important to research the company and industry thoroughly to increase your chances of writing a winning letter. Here are three key areas to focus on:

A. Understanding the Mission, Vision, and Values of the Company

Make sure you take the time to research the company’s mission, vision, and values. This will help you understand the company’s goals and the qualities they look for in employees. You can find this information on the company’s website, social media pages or company annual report.

Incorporate the values and mission statement of the company into your job application letter. This highlights your alignment with the company culture, and how your beliefs and goals match that of the organization’s.

B. Identifying the Company’s Competition

Once you have an understanding of the company, you need to identify the company’s competition. Knowing who the competitors are can help you understand the industry as well as the company’s market share position.

List the company’s competitors in your job application letter and briefly explain how you see the company’s strengths overcoming the competitors’ weaknesses.

C. Industry Trends and How to Address Them

The final area to focus on when researching the company and industry is identifying current industry trends and how these trends may impact the company’s future. Use reputable sources to gather trends and predictions about the industry. This will also show the recruiter that you are not only familiar with their industry, but are engaging in informed discussion and contributing to innovative solutions.

Incorporate industry trends into your job application letter and showcase the ideas and innovations you bring, how leveraging them can enhance the company’s position and how you can contribute to any current and future challenges, for which the potential employer has yet to find a solution.

By researching and incorporating the above areas into your job application letter, you demonstrate a genuine interest in the organization and showcase clear understanding, innovative thought and how your expertise can improve the company’s performance.

Know Your Strengths and Skills

When writing a job application letter, it’s crucial to understand your unique selling proposition, relevant experience, and transferrable skills. This information will help you stand out from the other applicants and potentially land the job of your dreams.

A. Identifying Your Unique Selling Proposition

Your unique selling proposition (USP) is what sets you apart from the other candidates. It could be a specific skill, experience or personality trait that aligns with the company’s values and job requirements. Start by analyzing the job description and researching the company culture to identify what makes you an ideal candidate for the role.

Once you have identified your USP, use it as the main selling point in your job application letter. Highlight your strengths and skills and explain how they align with the job requirements and the company’s values. This will show the hiring manager that you are not just another candidate, but someone who has something valuable to offer.

B. Highlighting Your Relevant Experience and Accomplishments

Your work experience and achievements are essential in demonstrating your abilities and suitability for the job. When crafting your job application letter, focus on highlighting your relevant experience and accomplishments. Use specific examples to demonstrate how you have contributed in previous roles and how those skills could be applied to the new role you are applying for.

Be sure to use metrics whenever possible as numbers are a great way to showcase your achievements. For example, if you were able to increase sales revenue by 20% in your previous role, mention it in your letter. This will give the hiring manager a clear understanding of your capabilities and how they align with the job requirements.

C. Understanding How to Leverage Transferrable Skills

Transferrable skills are those abilities that you have gained from your previous experiences that are not necessarily related to the job you are applying for. They can be valuable in demonstrating your adaptability and ability to learn quickly.

When discussing your transferrable skills in your job application letter, highlight how they could be applied to the new role you are applying for. For example, if you have strong communication skills, explain how you could use that to effectively collaborate with team members and clients.

By understanding and leveraging your unique selling proposition, relevant experience and accomplishments, and transferrable skills, you can write a job application letter that stands out from the crowd. Remember to tailor your letter to the job requirements and company culture to increase your chances of success.

Address Gaps in Your Resume or Experience

When applying for a job, it’s important to consider any gaps in your resume or experience that might be a red flag for hiring managers. Addressing these gaps upfront can demonstrate your accountability and willingness to take ownership of your shortcomings.

A. Taking ownership of failings

If you have gaps in your work history or experience, don’t try to hide or make excuses for them. Instead, take ownership of any failings and show that you’re actively working to improve yourself. This could involve taking courses, pursuing certifications, or volunteering in relevant areas to gain hands-on experience.

B. Finding a workaround for unfilled requirements

Sometimes a job posting requires specific qualifications or experience that you don’t have. In these cases, it’s important to find a workaround that demonstrates your ability to still meet the employer’s needs. This could involve highlighting related experience or transferable skills that could compensate for the missing requirement. Alternatively, it might involve offering to take on additional training or work with a mentor to acquire the missing knowledge.

C. Highlighting transferable skills to counter an irrelevant job background

When applying for a job in a new industry or field, it’s common to have a background that might not seem directly relevant. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean you’re unqualified for the role. By highlighting transferable skills, such as leadership, problem-solving, or communication, you can demonstrate your ability to adapt to new situations and learn quickly.

Addressing gaps in your resume or experience is an important aspect of writing a winning job application letter. By taking ownership of your failings, finding workarounds for unfilled requirements, and highlighting transferable skills, you can position yourself as a strong candidate and increase your chances of landing the job you want.

Crafting an Attention-grabbing Opening Paragraph

In the competitive job market, first impressions matter. The opening paragraph of your job application letter is your opportunity to make a positive and lasting impression on potential employers. In this section, we’ll explore the importance of crafting an attention-grabbing opening paragraph and provide tips and examples on how to do so.

A. Importance of First Impressions

Studies show that it takes less than 30 seconds for a recruiter or hiring manager to form an initial impression of a job candidate. This means that your opening paragraph is a critical component of your job application letter. Your goal is to capture the employer’s interest and convince them to continue reading.

B. Creative and Engaging Opening Lines

One effective way to capture the employer’s attention is by starting your letter with a creative and engaging opening line. This can be a quote, a personal story, a relevant statistic, or a bold statement. The key is to be authentic and genuine while still standing out from other applicants.

C. Strategies for Catching the Employer’s Attention

Beyond the opening line, there are several strategies you can use to further capture the employer’s attention. These include highlighting relevant skills and experience, demonstrating enthusiasm for the position and company, and connecting your qualifications to the job requirements.

By following these tips and examples, you can craft an attention-grabbing opening paragraph that sets you apart from the competition and piques the employer’s interest.

Highlighting Your Accomplishments

When it comes to writing a winning job application letter, highlighting your accomplishments is crucial. This allows potential employers to see the proven results that you can bring to their organization. Here are a few tips on how to effectively highlight your accomplishments:

A. Demonstrating Achievements in Previous Roles

One of the most effective ways to demonstrate your achievements is by highlighting your accomplishments in your previous roles. This shows that you have a track record of success and can bring that success to your next job. When highlighting your achievements, make sure to focus on results, not just responsibilities. Instead of stating that you managed a team, highlight the specific results that you achieved as a team leader.

For example, instead of saying, “Managed a team of 10 employees,” you could say, “Led a team of 10 employees to achieve a 25% increase in sales within the first quarter.” This shows the impact you had in your previous role and gives potential employers an idea of what you can achieve in their organization.

B. Using Data to Support Accomplishments

Using data to support your accomplishments is a powerful way to illustrate the impact you had in your previous roles. This could include data such as sales figures, customer satisfaction ratings, or employee retention rates. When using data, make sure to include specific numbers and percentages.

For example, instead of saying, “Improved customer satisfaction,” you could say, “Increased customer satisfaction ratings by 15% through implementing a new customer service training program.” This demonstrates the impact you had on the organization and the value you can bring to a potential employer.

C. Highlighting Relevant Certifications and Awards

Another way to highlight your accomplishments is by showcasing any relevant certifications or awards you have received. This shows that you have taken the time to invest in your professional development and have been recognized for your achievements.

When highlighting certifications and awards, make sure to explain why they are relevant to the job you are applying for. For example, if you are applying for a marketing position, highlighting your Google Analytics certification would be relevant as it demonstrates your analytics skills.

Highlighting your accomplishments is a crucial part of writing a winning job application letter. By demonstrating your achievements in previous roles, using data to support your accomplishments, and highlighting relevant certifications and awards, you can show potential employers the value you can bring to their organization.

Showcasing Your Writing Skills

When it comes to writing a winning job application letter, showcasing your exceptional writing skills is crucial to increase your chances of getting hired. Employers often look for applicants who have a way with words, can express themselves clearly, and can craft compelling content that leaves a lasting impression. Here are several ways to showcase your writing skills:

A. Highlighting experience in writing

One of the most effective ways to showcase your writing skills is to highlight your experience as a writer. This can include previous work experience in writing-related fields such as journalism, marketing, or content creation. If you have a writing degree, mention it. You can also share published articles or blog posts that you have written to demonstrate your skills in action. Highlighting relevant experience shows that you have the skills needed to excel in the role you are applying for.

B. Incorporating keywords

Incorporating keywords relevant to the job posting can also help showcase your writing skills. Employers often use applicant tracking systems (ATS) to scan resumes and cover letters for specific keywords related to the position. By including these keywords, you can increase your chances of getting past the initial screening process and showcase your understanding of industry-specific language.

C. Proper grammar, spelling, and tone

Finally, it’s essential to ensure that your writing exhibits proper grammar, spelling, and tone. Errors in these areas can undercut the impact of your application letter and send the wrong message to your potential employer. Take the time to proofread your cover letter and resume carefully, and have someone else review them too. Double-check for proper punctuation, spelling errors, and that your tone fits the professional context.

Showcasing your writing skills is critical when applying for jobs, particularly those that require excellent communication skills. Highlighting relevant experience, incorporating keywords, and ensuring proper grammar, spelling, and tone are strategies that can help set you apart from other applicants and make a lasting impression on potential employers.

Using Power Words and Phrases

When writing a job application letter, it is essential to use powerful words and phrases that can help you stand out from the crowd. Here are some tips to help you select the right words:

A. Selecting Strong Action Words

Action words can help demonstrate your skills and experience effectively. Use verbs that showcase your achievements and contributions to your previous roles. For instance, rather than saying you “assisted” your team, use words such as “led,” “managed,” or “initiated” to emphasize your role in driving projects and initiatives forward.

B. Avoiding Common Clichés and Buzzwords

Although buzzwords and clichés may seem tempting, they could potentially undermine the impact of your letter. Instead of using cookie-cutter phrases like “I am a team player,” try to use specific examples to illustrate your ability to work collaboratively. Also, avoid jargon that may not be familiar to the reader and opt for straightforward language that can be easily understood.

C. Crafting Impactful and Persuasive Sentences

To make your letter more impactful and persuasive, use language that emphasizes your strengths and accomplishments. Start sentences with action words and focus on the results you have achieved. Also, be specific and illustrate your points with concrete examples that demonstrate your value to the prospective employer.

When writing your job application letter, make sure to choose powerful words that demonstrate your expertise and experience effectively. Avoid using clichés and buzzwords and instead focus on crafting persuasive and impactful sentences that showcase your strengths and contributions. By following these principles, you can create a compelling letter that increases your chances of landing the job you want.

Formatting and Presentation of Your Job Application Letter

When it comes to writing a winning job application letter, the presentation and formatting of the letter are just as important as the content. Here are some tips to ensure your letter looks professional and polished:

A. Ensure consistency in formatting

Make sure your letter has a consistent format throughout. This means using the same font and font size for the entire letter. Also, ensure that the margins and spacing are consistent from beginning to end.

B. Proper use of fonts, margins, and spacing

Use a standard font like Times New Roman or Arial, in a legible size (such as 11pt or 12pt). Be sure to use proper spacing between paragraphs and section headers. It’s important to have enough white space to make the letter easy to read, but not so much that it takes up unnecessary space.

C. Guidelines on length of the letter

Longer letters can seem rambling and may deter the hiring manager from reading the whole thing. Focus on the most important points and make them clear and succinct. Remember, your goal is to make a strong case for yourself as a candidate, not overwhelm the reader with information.

By following these tips, you can ensure that your job application letter looks professional, polished, and focused on what matters most – your qualifications for the job.

Sample Job Application Letter

Writing a winning job application letter is important if you’re looking to impress the hiring manager and land your dream job. In this section of the article, we’ll walk through a sample job application letter, analyze its strong points, and provide strategies to improve it.

A. Walk Through a Sample Job Application Letter

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am writing to express my interest in the position of Marketing Manager at ABC Company, as advertised on [job board]. With over [number] years of experience in the marketing industry, I believe I have the skills and knowledge to succeed in this role and make a significant contribution to your team.

During my time at XYZ Company, I was responsible for developing and executing successful marketing campaigns that exceeded client expectations and resulted in increased ROI. My experience in digital marketing, social media management, and content creation have prepared me well for this role. I am highly adaptable, and I have a proven track record of implementing innovative strategies to achieve business objectives.

In addition, I am a strong communicator and collaborator, and I work well in cross-functional teams. I am confident that my skills and experience make me a strong candidate for the role of Marketing Manager at ABC Company.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further.

Sincerely, [Your Name]

B. Analyzing the Strong Points in the Letter

The sample job application letter has several strong points:

• The candidate clearly expresses their interest in the position and summarizes their skills and experience in the marketing industry.
• The letter highlights the candidate’s successful track record in executing marketing campaigns and achieving business objectives.
• The candidate demonstrates their adaptability and ability to implement innovative strategies.
• The letter emphasizes the candidate’s communication and collaboration skills.

C. Strategies to Improve the Letter

To improve the sample job application letter, consider the following strategies:

• Start with a strong opening sentence that grabs the hiring manager’s attention, such as a personal anecdote or a statement about the company’s mission.
• Use specific examples of your achievements and accomplishments to demonstrate your value to the company.
• Customize your letter to the specific job and company by conducting research and referencing relevant company initiatives or values.
• Show enthusiasm and a willingness to learn by expressing interest in the company’s future projects or goals.

By implementing these strategies, you can enhance your job application letter and increase your chances of landing an interview with your dream company.

Writing a winning job application letter requires attention to detail, strong communication skills, and a clear understanding of the hiring company’s needs and values. By following these tips and analyzing examples such as the one above, you can take your job application letter to the next level and stand out from the competition.

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Home » 07 Best Cover Letter For First Job [Free Samples]

07 Best Cover Letter For First Job [Free Samples]

A cover letter is an important part of any job application, and your first job is no exception. While your resume may highlight your education and qualifications, a cover letter gives you the chance to tell prospective employers why you’re the perfect candidate for the position. To help you get started, we’ve created seven free cover letter templates that you can customize for your own use.

Simply choose the template that best fits your needs, and then follow the instructions to fill in your personal information and details about your experience. With a little effort, you can create a compelling cover letter that will help you land your first job. Good luck!

Table of Contents

How To Write a Cover Letter For First Job?

A cover letter is an important part of any job application, and your first job is no exception. Even if you don’t have much (or any) work experience, a well-written cover letter can give you a chance to stand out from the crowd and get your foot in the door. Here are some tips to help you write a great cover letter for your first job:

• Start by researching the company and the specific job you’re applying for. This will help you tailor your letter to the organisation and make it clear that you understand what they’re looking for.
• Next, take some time to think about what makes you a good fit for the role. What skills and experience do you have that would make you successful in the job? Be sure to mention any relevant coursework or extracurricular activities, as well as any part-time jobs you may have held.
• Once you’ve identified your key strengths, it’s time to start writing. Begin by introducing yourself and explain why you’re interested in the role. Then, use specific examples to show how your skills and experience match up with what the employer is looking for. Finally, wrap up by thanking the employer for their time and consideration.

By following these simple tips, you’ll be on your way to writing a great cover letter that will help you land your first job!

Related: How To Write a Cover Letter (And Get Hired in 2022!)

Cover Letter Examples For First-Time Teachers

Dear Hiring Manager,

As a first-time teacher, I am excited to have the opportunity to apply for a teaching position at your school. I am committed to providing my students with a high-quality education and believe that I have the skills and experience needed to be an excellent addition to your team.

In my previous role as a teaching assistant, I gained valuable experience working with students of all ages and ability levels. I am confident that I can use my skills to create a positive learning environment in your classroom.

In addition to my teaching experience, I have also completed coursework in curriculum development and instructional methods. The familiar with best practices for designing and delivering instruction and am committed to using these methods to help my students succeed.

Believe that I can be an asset to your school and am eager to put my skills to work in a new environment. I look forward to discussing my qualifications further with you and thank you for your consideration.

Related: Teacher Cover Letter:10 Examples & Sample Included

Cover Letter For First-Time Job

I am interested in the open position of ___________ at your company. Based on what I know and my research, I believe that I have the skillset required for this job.

Though I may not have previous experience working in this field, I am a fast learner and have a genuine interest in ___________. Additionally, I have _____ years of experience in customer service/sales, which I believe has helped me develop strong communication and interpersonal skills.

I would be grateful for the opportunity to discuss my qualifications and abilities further with you. Please do not hesitate to contact me at ___________ to arrange a time for an interview.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Related: Part Time Job Cover Letter: 09 Sample Examples

Cover Letter For Teenagers First Job

To Whom It May Concern,

The writing in regards to the open position for a summer job at your company. It is a highly motivated and hardworking teenager who would love to have the opportunity to gain some valuable work experience.

Have attached my resume for your review and I am confident that you will find me to be a qualified candidate. I would appreciate the chance to come in for an interview at your earliest convenience.

Related: 107+ Unique Objective for Teenager Resume ideas & Examples

Cover Letter Examples For First Job

My name is ____________ and I am a recent graduate of ___________. I am interested in obtaining a position as a ___________ in your company.

I have enclosed my resume for your review and would appreciate any opportunity to discuss my qualifications further with you.

Enclosure: resume

Related: Generic Cover Letter: 09 Samples & Examples

Cover Letter For First Time Manager Position

I am writing to apply for the position of Manager at XYZ Company. This is my first time applying for a management position, but I believe that my qualifications and experience make me the perfect candidate for the job.

I have a degree in Business Administration from ABC University, and I have been working in customer service for the past five years. In my current role, I am responsible for handling customer complaints and ensuring that they are resolved in a timely and satisfactory manner. The have also been training new employees for the past two years.

Believe that my skills and experience will be an asset to XYZ Company. I am confident that I can successfully manage a team and meet the expectations of the company. I am eager to put my skills to work in a new environment and contribute to the success of XYZ Company.

Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to hearing from you.

Related: 07 Best General Manager Cover Letter Samples

First-Time Supervisor Cover Letter

The writing to apply for the position of First-Time Supervisor at your company. Have a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and several years of experience working in customer service. The confident that I have the skills and qualifications needed to be a successful supervisor.

It is motivated, detail-oriented, and able to work well under pressure. I am also excellent at problem-solving and have a proven track record of providing excellent customer service. I am confident that I can lead a team and help contribute to the success of your company.

Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Related: Data Entry Cover Letter: 07 Sample ideas

5 Things To Include In a Cover Letter For First Job

When applying for your first job, it’s important to include a well-written cover letter. The cover letter gives you an opportunity to introduce yourself and explain why you’re the perfect candidate for the job. Here are 5 things to include in your cover letter:

• Relevant experience – If you have any relevant experience, be sure to mention it in your cover letter. Even if it’s not directly related to the job you’re applying for, any experience you have will be helpful in demonstrating your skills and abilities.
• Reasons for wanting the job – In your cover letter, be sure to explain why you’re interested in the position. Include specific examples of what appeals to you about the job and the company. This will show that you’re not just applying for any old job, but that you’ve thoughtfully considered why this particular position is a good fit for you.
• Skills and qualifications – Take some time to highlight your skills and qualifications that make you perfect for the job. Even if they’re not directly related to the position, any relevant skills and qualifications will help demonstrate your suitability for the role.
• Enthusiasm – Be sure to show some enthusiasm in your cover letter! This will help demonstrate that you’re excited about the opportunity and motivated to do a great job.
• professionalism – Last but not least, remember to keep your cover letter professional throughout. Avoid using informal language or making any mistakes that could give a negative impression of you as a candidate. proofread your letter carefully before sending it off, and ask someone else to check it over too if possible.

Related: What is Cover Letter? Complete Guide To Get any Job.

When you’re applying for your first job, it’s important to put your best foot forward with a great cover letter. Not sure where to start? Check out our free samples below.

Your cover letter is your opportunity to introduce yourself to a potential employer and explain why you’re the perfect person for the job. In just a few paragraphs, you need to capture their attention and demonstrate why you’re the right candidate. This can be a challenge, especially if you don’t have much work experience.

But don’t worry – we’ve got you covered. Our free cover letter samples will give you an edge over the competition and help you land that dream job. Simply choose from one of the templates below, customize it with your own information, and you’ll be on your way to writing a winning cover letter in no time!

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First Time Job Cover Letter Example

Table of Contents

Searching for your first job can be an exciting yet daunting task. Crafting a compelling application letter for a first time job seeker is the key to landing the dream job, as it offers a unique opportunity to introduce yourself beyond your resume. In this article, we’ll explore seven powerful examples of first-time job cover letters that effectively capture attention, showcase relevant skills, and highlight your enthusiasm for the position. Whether you’re entering the workforce for the first time or transitioning to a new field, these cover letters without experience examples will guide you in making a memorable impression on potential employers.

What To Consider Before Writing No Experience Cover Letter Examples?

Cover letter is like a marketing tool that enables you to do wonders! So, before writing a cover letter, know the ABC of writing a cover letter:

Analysing the job description

A cover letter should always be written from the start. Applying to five suitable jobs with a cover letter that fits the role is preferable to applying to fifty jobs and not doing any study beforehand.

Identifying what to include in your cover letter

Construct a two-column table. Write down the talents you identified in the above section that are underlined in the left column. Now begin jotting down in the right column how you can meet the stated requirements.

Why do you want to work here?

To help you do research, ask yourself the following questions:

• What is the company’s mission?
• What problem are they trying to solve?
• What’s the product?
• What’s unique about this company compared to its competitors?
• What are some policies or values that the company has that they feature on their homepage?
• Describe any of the organisation’s community engagement projects or employee development programs.

Writing the cover letter

Here’s a basic structure and example of a cover letter for a first-time job application, following the guidelines you provided:

• Include your contact information (name, email, phone number) in the header
• Address the hiring manager by name and job title in the greeting
• Keep it to one page, 3-4 paragraphs
• Use a professional font like Arial or Times New Roman, size 10-12pt
• Proofread for spelling and grammar errors

Why Is A Cover Letter For A First Job Important?

A cover letter for a first job is important for several reasons:

• Introduction: It introduces you to the employer, providing a glimpse of who you are beyond your resume.
• Personalisation: It allows you to tailor your application to the specific job and company, demonstrating your genuine interest.
• Showcasing Skills and Experience: It gives you the opportunity to highlight relevant skills, experiences, and achievements that may not be detailed in your resume.
• Demonstrating Communication Skills: Writing a compelling cover letter showcases your ability to communicate effectively, a valuable skill in any job.
• Differentiation: It sets you apart from other candidates who may only submit a resume, showing your initiative and enthusiasm for the position.

In essence, a well-crafted cover letter complements your resume by providing context and showcasing your personality and suitability for the job.

Application Letter Sample For First Time Job Seeker

Here are a few cover letter examples no experience:

Cover Letter 1: Digital Marketing Assistant Covering Letter Template

Cover Letter 2: Junior Graphic Designer First Job Cover Letter

Cover Letter 3: Trainee Accountant First Time Cover Letter

Cover Letter 4: IT Support Technician First Time Job Application Letter

Cover Letter 5: Customer Service Representative Position Job Application 

Cover Letter 6: Sample Cover Letter For First Time Job Application 

Cover Letter 7: Sales Assistant Cover Letter No Experience

Cover Letter 8: Retail Cover Letter No Experience

How To Write A Cover Letter For Freshers?

How to start .

Introduce yourself and specify the position you are applying for. Mention how you found out about the role like a job board, networking event, advertise, or referral. Express enthusiasm for the company and job. To learn more check out our CV Writing services .

“As a recent marketing graduate passionate about social media, I was eager to find the Digital Marketing Assistant role at Company XYZ on Handshake. After researching your award-winning campaigns, I believe my skills in content creation and analytics align well with your team.”

Highlight Skills Relevant To The Role

In the absence of direct work experience, highlight skills relevant to the job or transferable skills and attributes gained from academics, internships, volunteer work, local charity events, or even personal pursuits. Illustrate instances where you applied such skills in a context that aligns with the job in question. If possible, back up your claims with quantifiable achievements.

“Through my summer internship at ABC Marketing Agency, I leveraged analytical skills to grow social media followers by 15% over 3 months. This contributed to a 5% increase in website clicks from social traffic. I’m confident I can support your digital marketing efforts through data-driven content strategy and community engagement.”

Demonstrate Motivation

Convey passion for the industry and eagerness to learn. Seek opportunities that match your capabilities but also offer growth. Mention specific aspects of the role you find appealing.

“I thrive in creative environments that value collaboration. Though I don’t have relevant experience yet, I’m driven to apply my design skills in a marketing role. I’m excited about the opportunity to manage projects end-to-end, from ideation to execution.”

Close With a Call to Action

Thank the reader for their time and consideration. Include your name and contact details again. Request an interview to further discuss your qualifications and interest.

“I thank you for taking the time to consider my application. I am confident my abilities would enable me to add value to your marketing team as the Digital Marketing Assistant. Please contact me by phone or email to arrange an interview at your earliest convenience. I look forward to hearing from you.

[Your name]

[Contact info]”

Additional Tips For Sample Application Letter For First Time Job Seeker

• Research the company beforehand and reference things that interest you
• Customise each cover letter for a first time job using keywords from the job description
• Keep tone formal but conversational to connect with the reader
• Focus on potential, not lack of experience
• Highlight related coursework, activities or hobbies
• Have someone proofread to catch mistakes
• Follow up after submitting your application

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Our eye-catching templates and professionally written Cover Letter reflects your true potential. Now get more interviews and impress potential employers with our Cover Letter writing help.

Harnessing the skills of a cover letter writing service can help, but a personally crafted cover letter for a first job can truly capture your spirit. By underscoring your competencies, zeal, and a growth-centric attitude, you can position yourself as an aspirant worth considering, even if you don’t boast of hands-on experience. With each tailored letter of intent for a first time job seeker, you edge closer to securing your dream introductory job.

Whether you’re drafting a first time job applicant cover letter for warehouse picker packer or any other position, this guide can be your foundation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the format of cover letter for first time job seekers.

Cover letter for first time job format:

• Contact Information and Date
• Employer’s Contact Information
• Introduction
• Body Paragraph(s)
• Closing Paragraph

What Do You Write In A Cover Letter If You Have No Experience?

Do thorough research on the company and role. Have thoughtful questions to ask the interviewer. Convey genuine enthusiasm and passion for the opportunity to learn and develop.

Is It Okay To Apply Without A Cover Letter?

Even though it is okay it is not advisable as recruiters might not get time to go through your entire CV thus a cover letter is mandatory.

How Do You Convey Willingness To Learn Without Experience?

Use phrases like “cover letter no experience but willing to learn”, “eager to learn on the job,” “excited to gain hands-on experience” and “confident ability to quickly pick up new skills.” Give examples of being a quick study.

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Job Application Letter Samples for First-Time Employees

There’s always a first time for everything and for those who have never had a job before it can feel daunting to submit a job application when you have no job experience to write on your application letter.

Don’t fret, there’s a way to write your very first application letter so that you can land a job that you can put on the next version of your letter that you’ll write for your next career move.

Before you write your job application letter, you’ll want to go over the job ad a few times and take note of some of these information. Who do you send the application to? What qualifications are they looking for for the position? What requirements do they want you to submit?

You’ll want to write your application letter in a way that you communicate your skills and capabilities in a way that aligns with their idea of a perfect candidate.And of course, you’ll want to submit the complete requirements and these would almost always include a resume.

For the salutation, a “Dear Hiring Manager,” may be fine, but you’ll make a better first-impression if you are able to do your research on the company and find out who the head of their human resources is and address your letter to them. It’s safe to use the last name of the person who will be reviewing your letter along with a Ms. or Mr. When applying to small and medium-sized companies, you may address your letter to the owner or managing director of the firm.

Start your letter by stating the position that you are applying for. Hiring managers may have a handful of open positions so it’s best that you let them know what position you’re aiming for.

As a first-time employee, you may not have a job experience or the references yet to put on your letter but there are still quite a few achievements in your life that you can talk about that may help you earn an invitation to an interview. You can highlight your education, volunteer work, membership at any organization, or any special programs that you may have joined.

And don’t forget! Close your letter by letting your potential employer know how and when they can reach you should they want to invite you to an interview.

Don’t feel discouraged if you have no job experience when applying. You can still impress potential employers by highlighting your skills and qualifications that fit their ideal employee.

Job Application Letter for First-Time Employees Sample

Nicolas McGinnis

(555) 555-12345

[email protected]

Anna Elinger

Human Resources Manager

Rogers Food Stores

Dear Ms. Elinger,

I would like to apply for the position of sales personnel at Rogers Food Stores that was advertised in the Sunday edition of the Athabasca Daily.

I’m a recent graduate at Athabasca High School and it would be an accomplishment for me to start my career at Rogers Food Stores. Me and my family have been loyal customers at Rogers Food Stores for years and I’ve seen how professional the staff are and I know the level of service that would be expected of me should I be picked for this position.

Furthermore, I feel that I am a good fit for the position as I’m very comfortable communicating with people thanks to my experience joining various clubs at my school including the school band and the football club. I am also willing to work a shifting schedule even on weekends or nights so that also fits your requirements for the position.

You may read more about me from the resume that I’ve included in this letter. I would be happy to come in for an interview to learn more about the position and discuss how I could help Rogers Food Stores in its operations. You may call me at my mobile or send me an email above any time.

We wish that this cover letter sample has helped you write your own cover letter as you take your first step in your career. Need something more specific? Check out our cover letter section for more templates if you have a specific career that you are aiming for.

If you need more help writing your cover letter, we can help you write one! Pick a plan from our letter writing services and we have friendly rates for people who are just starting out in their career!

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How to Write an Internship Cover Letter: 9 Tips (+ Examples)

A strong cover letter can get you noticed when applying for an internship. Find out how to craft a standout cover letter today.

You’ve found an internship, and it’s exactly the opportunity you’ve been looking for to put you on the path to your dream job. But, the internship application requires you to send a cover letter .

Cover letters give you space to contextualize how your previous work experience and relevant skills make you a good fit for the position. They expand on your resume meaningfully, grabbing a hiring manager’s attention and demonstrating why you’re undeniably the right person for the internship. 

Use this guide to learn how to put your best foot forward with nine tips for your internship cover letter. You will also find examples alongside each tip and a cover letter template to help you compose your own. Whether you’re a high school student, recent college graduate or career switcher looking to start down a new path, these tips are for you. 

Internship cover letters: Why you need one

Cover letters provide hiring managers insight into applicants' experience, skills, and aspirations. As a result, cover letters can be especially helpful to early-career seekers applying for internships because they provide a more detailed picture of their backgrounds than their resumes might. 

Whether a job description asks for a cover letter or not, it is usually wise to send a unique resume to each internship to which you apply. Adding a cover letter can sometimes be the difference between landing the internship or not. 

Research conducted by ResumeGo between 2019 and 2020 found that cover letters can have a positive impact on how applications are interpreted by hiring managers. Among their many findings, the researchers found that [ 1 ]: 

87 per cent of hiring managers said they read cover letters. 

65 per cent of hiring managers said that cover letters influence their hiring decisions. 

81 per cent of hiring managers valued cover letters tailored to a specific position over generic ones. 

78 per cent of hiring managers said it was easy to tell when a cover letter was generic. 

These statistics suggest a cover letter's impact when applying for an internship and the importance of crafting one that speaks directly to the position. One thing is clear: cover letters matter. 

How to write a cover letter for an internship 

A cover letter is your chance to stand out from the crowded applicant pool. In this section, you’ll learn nine high-impact tips for crafting a cover letter that highlights your professionalism, aspirations, and qualifications. 

1. Properly format your cover letter.

Proper formatting will help hiring managers easily scan your cover letter for key information, such as your contact information and skills, and also convey your professionalism. From top to bottom, your cover letter should have the following elements: 

Keep to one page only : your cover letter should be one page long. This will keep it focused, impactful, and easily scannable for hiring managers.  

Header at the top: Include a header containing your contact information so hiring managers can easily contact you. 

Greetings: Your cover letter should open with a greeting to the hiring manager. This is a formality that makes your letter more personal. 

Intro: Your cover letter should include a brief introduction that describes who you are, what you are applying for, and your key qualifications. 

Body: The body of your cover letter is where you detail your experience, skills, and education. 

Conclusion/Call to action: Your cover letter should conclude with a call to action, encouraging your reader to contact you. 

Salutations: Finally, you want to leave the reader with a good impression by including a formal salutation followed by your full name. This conveys a sense of professionalism and friendliness. 

In the following tips, you will learn more about handling each of these parts of your resume to make them as impactful as possible. 

2. Have a professional email address.

The header of your cover letter is where you include your contact information, including your full name, phone number, and email address. 

While it may seem insignificant, one of the most important things you can do in your header is to include a professional-sounding email address. In this instance, the simpler the email address, the better. Create an email address that is a simple variant of your name with a common free email provider, such as Gmail. 

3. Personalize your greeting. 

While many cover letters are addressed simply “to whom it may concern,” a more impactful way to catch a hiring manager’s attention is by addressing them by name directly. 

In addition to making your cover letter more personal, this tactic highlights that you’ve researched and created a job-specific cover letter rather than sending a generic one. This can positively impact how a hiring manager views your resume and cover letter. 

You can find out who the hiring manager is by doing some straightforward research online. Some job descriptions will instruct you to email a specific person. In other cases, you might need to visit the organization’s website and see if you can identify the person who heads their internship or hiring efforts. 

If this fails, you can also reach out to the organization directly by either email or phone to see if they can provide the name of the hiring manager who will be looking at internship applications. Let them know that you are applying for the specific internship and would like to address the hiring manager directly in your application. 

If you can’t learn the hiring manager's name, don’t sweat it—your application likely won’t be penalized for a common, courteous greeting.

4. Include key information in the intro.

Your cover letter should include a short introduction that immediately identifies the specific internship position you are applying for and the key background information relevant to it. Ideally, your introduction should be limited to a few sentences, not exceeding four. 

Much like a thesis statement in a school paper, the introduction of your cover letter helps the reader understand your purpose for writing and the qualifications that make you ideal for the position. 

Dear Ms. Angelou, 

I am writing to apply for the editorial assistant internship position at Little House publishing. An avid reader since I first played cracked open Grimm’s (macabre) Fairytales as a five-year-old, I have made storytelling my personal and professional calling. As an English major at Toronto University, I have been an editor of our school’s literary magazine for three years, brought two theatre productions to life as a dramaturg, and taught reading and writing to countless children. 

5. Show how you and the internship are a perfect match. 

The key aim of your cover letter is to demonstrate to the hiring manager why you and the internship are a perfect match for one another. 

As a result, you should craft your letter to emphasize how your skill set and experience have prepared you for the position and why it can help you achieve your professional aims. Remember, an internship is as much an educational opportunity as a work experience, so don’t be afraid to note what the internship offers you and what you offer the internship. 

To identify how you and the internship are a good match for one another, do the following: 

1. Read through the job description and identify the skills and experience you possess. 

2. Identify what experience, skills, or understanding you will gain from the internship.

3. Include these points in your cover letter. 

“After studying Python for the last two years, IBM’s data science internship will finally give me the opportunity to see programming at work in the real world. Throughout secondary school, I’ve spent hours combing through data, creating visualizations, and posing questions to data big and small all by myself. At IBM, I will be a part of a community that takes data seriously, contributing to projects but learning even more.” 

6. Emphasise your education and extracurriculars.

While most jobs require applicants to have some relevant work experience, most internships typically expect applicants to have very little or even none. This is particularly true for internships geared toward high school and college students. 

If you’re a student without much (or any) relevant work experience, you should emphasize your education and extracurricular activities. You’ll be able to highlight your skills, interests, and concrete achievements for hiring managers as much as previous work experience would allow you to do. 

“As a computer science student, I have taken advanced courses on machine learning and programming data structures, achieving top grades in both. Later, I used these skills in the AI club when I taught a machine to visually recognize different hand gestures.” 

7. Use active language and note concrete outcomes. 

One key way to create impactful writing is to use active language that shows the reader how you achieved concrete outcomes. This method will help your reader fully comprehend what you have done and what you have ultimately achieved. 

Active language (also known as active voice) is when the subject of a sentence acts upon an object rather than the object being acted upon by an object. For example, consider the chart below: 

Using active language that clearly describes how you accomplished a specific result will keep the attention on you and what you can do.  

“As a writing tutor, I taught middle schoolers how to write in the active voice to help them articulate themselves with impact. To do it, I parsed sentences on the blackboard, edited essays live, and reinforced concepts week to week.  Our results spoke for themselves: test scores improved by 78 per cent in just two months.”

8. Consider using a bulleted list to highlight your technical skills. 

To make your cover letter more scannable, you might consider including a bullet point list of your relevant skills in the body. This technique can help readers identify important skills you possess that could help you stand out from the applicant pool. 

“Throughout my education and extracurriculars, I have honed many skills relevant to the internship, including: 

Collaboration

Problem-solving"

9. Include a call to action and salutation at the end of the letter. 

Your cover letter should leave the hiring manager wanting to reach out to you and a good picture of you. To leave them wanting to hear more from you, end the cover letter with a brief statement about your desire to speak more about the role soon and close with a professional salutation, such as “sincerely.”

“I look forward to talking soon about how I can contribute to the team this summer. Thank you for the opportunity, time, and consideration.

Sincerely, 

Abraham Lincoln”

Landing an internship can help you start your career. To ensure that you’re ready for that first day on the job, you might consider taking an online course or gaining a Professional Certificate in fields such as data science , project management , or social media marketing . 

Article sources

Resume Go. “ Cover Letters: Just How Important Are They? , https://www.resumego.net/research/cover-letters/.” Accessed April 30, 2024. 

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What Not to Do During Mortgage Preapproval

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If you’re ready to shop for a new home, a mortgage preapproval letter shows sellers that you’re a serious buyer who can secure financing from a lender. It also gives you a clear idea of how much you may be eligible to borrow.

To show lenders that you’re a qualified borrower, you’ll need personal identification, pay stubs, bank account statements, a list of your monthly debts, tax returns, W-2 statements and information about your down payment. You’ll also need to submit to a credit check. Most lenders require a credit score of at least 620 for a conventional mortgage, but a higher score will increase your chances of getting preapproved and can lead to lower rate offers.

The lender may also verify your history of making your rent or mortgage payments on time. Depending on whether the lender has additional questions and how much of its preapproval process is automated, accepted borrowers can expect to receive a preapproval letter anywhere from a few hours to a few days after applying.

Even if you have all of the required documentation and a qualifying credit score, don’t take the application process for granted. Lenders will be scrutinizing your financial readiness. Avoiding potential pitfalls will help keep your homebuying goal on track.

Don’t take on any new debts or lines of credit

Lenders want to see that your finances are stable, including your obligations to creditors. Avoid making large purchases on credit or opening additional credit lines, including new credit cards .

“Making large purchases, such as buying a car or expensive furniture on credit, can significantly impact your debt-to-income ratio” says Matt Vernon, head of consumer lending at Bank of America in Charlotte, North Carolina. “By taking on more debt before obtaining preapproval, you could potentially exceed the debt-to-income ratio threshold that lenders are comfortable with, making it harder to qualify for the mortgage amount you need or to obtain favorable terms.”

Don’t create job or income instability

“Lenders prefer borrowers with stable employment and income histories because they view them as less risky,” says Vernon. He adds that changing jobs or having irregular streams of income can alarm lenders and jeopardize your application, even if your income is higher as a result.

If your income fluctuates or is unpredictable — for instance, if you’re in a commission-based role or self-employed — you will also need to demonstrate that your earnings are consistent enough to make your monthly mortgage payment, says Steve Kaminski, head of U.S. residential lending at TD Bank, also based in Charlotte.

Don’t make large deposits without documentation

“Large, unexplained deposits might raise questions about the source of funds or suggest undisclosed debts, which could impact the borrower's ability to repay the mortgage,” says Vernon. If you’ve received money from a family member toward a down payment , be prepared to provide the lender with a signed letter from your relative that confirms the funds are not a loan. The lender may also ask for additional documentation, such as withdrawal and deposit slips.

Don’t rush the process

Even if you’re eager to shop for homes, it’s imperative to take your time with your mortgage preapproval application. “If anything's off or missing, it could slow down or even hurt your preapproval process. Take a little extra time to double-check everything to avoid any delays,” Vernon says.

It’s worth your while to look at multiple lenders. Comparing quotes could get you the lowest rate and save you thousands in interest. Researching and narrowing your lender options during preapproval will help you act quickly once you’ve found a home and are ready to move forward with a mortgage application .

Kaminski says, “There is a lot to consider, and it can be overwhelming when combined with the emotion of home shopping and potential stress of low housing inventory and competitive offers.”

While you can’t control the market, you can present the strongest possible personal financial profile. In addition to providing the right information at the right time, you want to avoid any moves that could damage lenders’ perception of your ability to make loan payments. By getting preapproved, you’ll have successfully completed an important step in your homebuying journey.

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BHSE Frequently Asked Questions

Read this along with the Behavioral Health Service Expansion (BHSE) notice of funding opportunity and example forms. Find these and additional technical assistance resources on Apply for FY 2024 Behavioral Health Service Expansion .

Patient impact

Budget requirements.

• Allowable use of funds

Minor alteration and renovation (A/R) and equipment

Scope of project, general application.

Why do you require treatment services in the work plan?

For many communities, health centers are the first point of access to any health care service. To support more patients receiving behavioral health services, you must propose at least one mental health treatment activity and at least one substance use disorder (SUD) treatment activity in your BHSE work plan. 

(Added: 4/30/2024)

How can I use health center services to implement recovery and support activities in my project? 

Recovery and support can include enabling services, such as transportation or translation services. It can also be case management services, such as eligibility assistance to support patient access to programs for health-related social needs.

Examples include:

• Working with street medicine groups, housing programs, drop-in centers, and emergency rooms to create a system for referrals to your health center for people who need behavioral health services
• Making your pharmacy an authorized drug collection site for safe disposal of unused or expired medications
• Hiring staff to provide family support such as parenting services, family therapy, or services for children of parents with a mental health condition or SUD
• Developing programs to reduce stigma related to mental health conditions and SUDs

Visit Recovery and Recovery Suppor t for more ideas.

How can I use BHSE funds to increase patients’ access to treatment with medications for opioid use disorder? 

One way to do this is by expanding your pharmacy’s role in administering MOUD (formerly known as medication-assisted treatment or MAT). Your pharmacists may dispense buprenorphine, naltrexone, and naloxone without a prescription from another provider, in accordance with state law. In addition, you can offer patient education and resources to support patients’ consistent engagement in their treatment plans.

Can I apply for BHSE funding if my health center’s 2023 UDS data does not include any mental health, SUD, or MOUD patients?

Yes. We encourage you to apply for BHSE funding to start providing mental health services, SUD services, and MOUD. Your baseline data on the Patient Impact form can be 0 for any or all of these services. 

How will you measure my progress toward the BHSE objectives?

We’ll use UDS data. 

• For mental health services, we’ll use Table 5: Staffing and Utilization, Line 20: Mental Health Services (PDF - 2 MB) .
• Table 5: Staffing and Utilization, Line 21 (PDF - 2 MB) : Substance Use Disorder Services, plus
• Appendix E: Other Data Elements, Question 1b (PDF - 2 MB) : Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD)

To decide funding beyond year 2, we’ll use 2025 UDS data showing increases in the number of visits and patients receiving mental health and SUD services, including patients receiving MOUD. 

See Apply for FY 2024 Behavioral Health Service Expansion for a sample Patient Impact Form.

Do I need to project a minimum number of patients in my Patient Impact Form?

No. You should estimate patient increases that are realistic and achievable. 

• The number of mental health and SUD services patients in your 2023 UDS report
• The need for services in your service area
• Provider capacity
• Patient increases based on previous service expansions
• Your proposed BHSE activities

Can BHSE affect my H80 patient target?

Yes. We may add your estimated new, unduplicated health center patients to your H80 patient target if your BHSE award continues beyond the 2-year period of performance. 

Do I need to increase both the number of patients receiving mental health services and the number of patients receiving SUD services?

Yes. You must propose activities that will increase both the number of patients receiving mental health services and SUD services, including patients receiving MOUD, even if you already provide one of these services.

How should I present my BHSE budget request on the SF-424A?

You can request up to $600,000 in BHSE funding for year 1 and up to $500,000 for year 2.

In Sections A, B, and C of your SF-424A, record information for year 1. 

In Section E, record information for year 2. 

Leave Section D blank. 

More details:

• Section A: Request year 1 federal funding (up to $600,000) by subprogram: CHC, HCH, MHC, PHPC. List non-federal funding by subprogram, if applicable.
• Section B: Break out year 1 federal (up to $600,000) and non-federal funding by object class category.
• Section C: Break out year 1 non-federal funding by source.
• Section E: Request year 2 federal funding (up to $500,000) in the “first” future year column by subprogram: CHC, HCH, MHC, PHPC. Leave other columns blank.

If funding continues beyond year 2, we’ll base it on your year 2 BHSE funding request (up to $500,000).

What non-federal funding should I include in my BHSE budget?

Include the non-federal funds that will support your BHSE project. Do not duplicate non-federal resources included on your H80 award or any other Health Center Program award. 

Enter non-federal funds in both your SF-424A Budget Information Form and Budget Narrative attachment.

Allowable uses of funds

What are examples of allowable uses of BHSE funds?

You may use BHSE funds to support a variety of costs for your project. 

• Hiring licensed providers, community health workers, peer recovery specialists (PDF - 1 MB) , or case managers to provide counseling and care coordination
• Contracting with a specialist to provide your staff training and technical assistance in evidence-based approaches for treatment with MOUD
• Providing group counseling for patients with post-partum depression.
• Developing a tobacco cessation program for patients receiving MOUD
• Supporting certification, training programs, continuing education, and mentorship opportunities to improve your providers’ capacity to care for patients accessing behavioral health services

May I use BHSE funding to increase the FTE of a staff member who is currently less than 1.0 FTE?

Yes. You may use BHSE funds to increase the FTE of a staff member if the staff member does not exceed 1.0 FTE across all awards. Personnel compensation must align with your existing written policies and procedures and 45 Code of Federal Regulations C.F.R. § 75.430 . 

Can I use BHSE funding for recruitment incentives?

Yes. You may include recruitment incentives in a salary package that you support with BHSE funding. You should cover incentives through your indirect cost rate, if applicable. If you do not have an indirect cost rate agreement, you may charge recruitment incentives as direct costs.

Can I use BHSE funding to pay recruitment agency fees?

Yes. You may use BHSE funding to pay costs or fees for an outside recruitment agency to hire personnel for your BHSE project.

Do I need to add a certain type or number of personnel as part of my BHSE project?

No. We do not require you to add a specific type or number of personnel. You may use BHSE funding to support a range of personnel that will contribute to increasing the number of patients receiving mental health and SUD services, including MOUD.

Can I use BHSE funding for patient incentives?

Yes. You may use BHSE funds for incentives if you need them to meet your project goals.

• Have written policies and procedures for using funds for incentive costs
• Document that you’re following your policies and procedures
• Describe the types of incentives in detail in your budget narrative
• Explain how the cost is reasonable and necessary to encourage patient participation in your BHSE project activities
• Maintain appropriate records and cost documentation as 45 CFR §75.302 requires

You cannot use BHSE funds:

• For cash gift cards, food, or other costs prohibited under 45 CFR 75 or other federal regulations
• To persuade people to select your health center as their provider

You may also use non-grant funds, leverage partnerships with other community organizations, or use donations from local businesses to offer small rewards as incentives. For example, you may offer a nominal gift card to a local store, food, a meal, or a free admission voucher to a local event or attraction.

For questions about the potential impact of incentives and the federal anti-kickback statute, email the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of the Inspector General (OIG) at [email protected] . 

Can I use BHSE funding to support contingency management, such as vouchers or prizes?

HHS considers contingency management an evidence-based intervention for SUDs. You may include contingency management activities and expenses in your BHSE application if you have established policies and procedures and follows all rules and regulations related to incentives. 

Clearly describe the activities and costs in your application. If awarded, you must submit a prior approval request to your Grants Management Specialist before you start your contingency management activity or program.

Follow this guidance:

• You may use incentives to reward treatment compliance.
• The maximum value of each contingency management incentive is $15.
• The maximum value of contingency management incentives per patient per year is $75.

What types of minor A/R projects or equipment purchases align with BHSE funding?

Examples of minor A/R projects include:

• Converting an underused area to a group visit space
• Enhancing exam rooms to optimize privacy and safety
• Adapting a space to help integrate primary care and behavioral health teams

Examples of equipment purchases include:

• Virtual reality headsets and software to help patients change their behavior, develop coping skills, and manage cravings
• Point of care testing systems, such as options to test for stimulants
• Audio-visual systems to support virtual group visits with remotely located patients

If I propose to use BHSE funding for minor A/R, do I have to submit a Landlord Letter of Consent? 

If you do not own the property where the site is located, you must provide a Landlord Letter of Consent signed by the property owner. See the Landlord Letter of Consent Sample on Apply for FY 2024 Behavioral Health Service Expansion .

If I propose to use BHSE funding for minor A/R, what are the environmental and historic preservation requirements?

For information on these requirements, see Environmental and Historic Preservation Technical Assistance . Minor A/R projects typically do not require a full Environmental Assessment under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). 

But you may need to comply with other requirements as applicable:

• If your project involves exterior work (for example, windows or signage) or work on a building that is over 50 years old, it may require State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) consultation under Section 106 of NEPA.
• For buildings constructed before 1985, you may need to submit a hazmat study and abatement plan.
• If your site is in a coastal state, your project may require you to comply with the Coastal Zone Management Act.
• If your project is in a 100- or 500-year floodplain, it may require you to comply with E.O. 11988, Floodplain Management.

If I use BHSE funds to purchase a mobile unit, can I also use the mobile unit for other purposes?

Yes. But the primary purpose of the mobile unit must be to provide mental health and SUD services, including MOUD. 

How do I know if my BHSE project will require a change in scope?

Use the materials on Scope of Project to assess your scope of project (Form 5A: Services Provided and Form 5B: Service Sites). Contact your H80 program specialist for additional guidance. 

Can I make changes to my scope of project through the BHSE application?

No. However, you may submit a change in scope (CIS) or scope adjustment request through the Electronic Handbooks (EHBs). We recommend that you submit such requests 60 days before making the change. You may submit a CIS before receiving your BHSE award.

Will my application be competitive if I do not currently provide behavioral health services?

Yes. We encourage health centers that do not currently provide behavioral health services to apply. In fact, the review criteria support health centers that propose to use BHSE funds to start providing one or more behavioral health services for the first time.

Your application will receive 5 points if your 2023 UDS report included 0 mental health patients, 0 SUD patients, or 0 patients who received MOUD. Applicants with numbers greater than 0 in all of these categories will not receive these points.

How do I complete the Application for Federal Assistance (SF-424)?

For detailed instructions, see Section 5.1 of the Two-Tier Application Guide (PDF - 704 KB) . This table includes information on how to respond to specific sections.

How do I make changes to my application once I submit in EHBs?

Your authorizing official (AO) can reopen and edit your application any time before the EHBs deadline. For additional details and step-by-step instructions, refer to Reopen Submitted Applications . The AO must resubmit the reopened application in EHBs by 5 p.m. ET on the EHBs due date for us to consider your application.

Over 100 Arrested at Columbia After Pro-Palestinian Protest

At least 108 protesters were in custody, the police said, after officers clad in riot gear cleared tents from a pro-Palestinian demonstration on campus. More students have arrived to show support and put up new ones.

• Share full article
• Protesters gathering outside Columbia University’s campus. By Joshua Briz Via Associated Press
• Police officers arresting demonstrators at Columbia University. C.S. Muncy for The New York Times
• Demonstrators marching on the campus. Sharon Otterman/The New York Times
• The police facing off with the demonstrators. C.S. Muncy for The New York Times
• Demonstrators marching near the campus. Karsten Moran for The New York Times
• Arrested protesters being led onto a police vehicle. By The Associated Press
• Demonstrators' tents on campus. C.S. Muncy for The New York Times
• Columbia employees clearing the tents. C.S. Muncy for The New York Times
• Demonstrators marching by police officers outside the campus. Karsten Moran for The New York Times

Sharon Otterman and Alan Blinder

Here’s what to know about the protests.

More than 100 students were arrested on Thursday after Columbia University called in the police to empty an encampment of pro-Palestinian demonstrators, fulfilling a vow to Congress by the school’s president that she was prepared to punish people for unauthorized protests.

“I took this extraordinary step because these are extraordinary circumstances,” the president, Nemat Shafik, wrote in a campuswide email on Thursday afternoon.

The president’s decision swiftly sharpened tensions on campus, which has been battered for months by boisterous pro-Palestinian demonstrations that many Jewish people regarded as antisemitic. And it stood to become a milestone for the country, as campuses have been torn by the Israel-Hamas war and grappled with how to manage protests.

What was far less clear was whether the harsher tactics would form an updated playbook for officials struggling to calm restive campuses, or do little besides infuriate and inflame.

Protesters had already promised that any effort to dismantle the encampment would only embolden them.

Dr. Shafik’s message arrived as swarms of New York City police officers, clad in riot gear and bearing zip ties, marched on the encampment of about 50 tents that had sprung up earlier in the week. On Thursday, protesters clutched Palestinian flags, demonstrators sat huddled on the ground and a thicket of onlookers kept watch as officers bore down on tents in the zone that had styled itself as the “Gaza Solidarity Encampment.”

“Since you have refused to disperse, you will now be placed under arrest for trespassing,” a man repeatedly called through a loudspeaker. The protesters responded with their own repeated cry: “Columbia, Columbia, you will see — Palestine will be free!”

Mayor Eric Adams said on Thursday evening that while Columbia has a “proud history of protest,” students did not “have a right to violate university policies and disrupt learning.”

Less than an hour later, at least two buses were filled with arrested protesters, while other demonstrators thundered their displeasure toward officers. Among those arrested, according to police, was Isra Hirsi, the daughter of Representative Ilhan Omar, Democrat from Minnesota. Ms. Hirsi was issued a summons for trespassing.

“They can threaten us all they want with the police, but at the end of the day, it’s only going to lead to more mobilization,” Maryam Alwan, a senior and pro-Palestinian organizer on campus, had said before the arrests.

Barnard College, across the street from Columbia and so closely linked to the university that the two institutions share dining halls, said it had begun issuing interim suspensions against its students who participated in the encampment.

“Now and always, we prioritize our students’ learning and living in an inclusive environment free from harassment,” Barnard said in its own campus message. “Given the evolving circumstances at Columbia and in the area, we are working to ensure the safety and well-being of the entire Barnard community.”

The core of the turmoil, though, was at Columbia.

Etched into Columbia’s history is the brutal police crackdown that its administrators authorized in 1968 against student protesters who were occupying academic buildings. The fallout from the violence tarnished the school’s reputation and led it to adopt reforms in favor of student activism.

Now, the university points proudly to that activism as one of the hallmarks of its culture, and markets it to prospective students. On Thursday, Dr. Shafik insisted that university officials “work hard to balance the rights of students to express political views with the need to protect other students from rhetoric that amounts to harassment and discrimination.”

In recent months, she and administrators across the country have felt that tension acutely, as the federal government opened investigations into the handling of bias claims at dozens of schools, Congress subpoenaed records and court dockets filled with lawsuits.

Columbia, with roughly 5,000 Jewish students and a vibrant strain of support for the Palestinian cause, has drawn particular attention, which led to the appearances by Dr. Shafik and three other Columbia leaders on Capitol Hill on Wednesday.

During her testimony, Dr. Shafik said she had been frustrated “that Columbia’s policies and structures were sometimes unable to meet the moment,” and said the university had updated many of them. Some of those changes include limiting protests to certain times of day and to designated spots on campus.

Columbia’s tightened rules were being tested even as Dr. Shafik testified. By 7:15 p.m. on Wednesday, Columbia said, the university had issued a written warning to students in the encampment: They had 105 minutes to leave or they would face suspension.

Administrators also deployed intermediaries to try to defuse the showdown, only, they said, to have those entreaties rejected.

In a statement before the arrests, Apartheid Divest, a coalition of student groups, said that protesters planned to remain until the university acceded to its demands, including that the university cut its financial ties to Israel. And while Dr. Shafik’s decision drew immediate criticism from the protesters and their allies, others on and around Columbia’s campus had signaled that they would support a crackdown.

“They have guidelines and if they are violating them, I don’t see why this is a special circumstance,” said Ami Nelson, a student.

Since the Oct. 7 Hamas attacks on Israel, administrators at Columbia had tried to calibrate their approaches to the demonstrations, balancing free-speech rights with the security of Jewish students.

But before the Republican-led House Committee on Education and the Workforce on Wednesday, Dr. Shafik and other Columbia leaders signaled a tougher approach. The co-chair of the university’s board, Claire Shipman, declared that there was “a moral crisis on our campus.” And Dr. Shafik went so far as to detail some of the disciplinary actions underway, including suspensions and firings.

That conciliatory approach toward House Republicans infuriated many on campus.

In New York, some students and faculty members complained that university leaders had largely kowtowed to a Congress whose insistent questioning helped fuel the recent resignations by the presidents of Harvard and the University of Pennsylvania.

There has been no indication that Dr. Shafik, who took office last July, has lost the confidence of Columbia’s board. Thursday’s tactics, though, showed how much more aggressive she has become in her campaign to quell protests.

Five days after the attack on Israel, hundreds of protesters gathered on the campus, and the university shut its gates — a step that has now become familiar as protests have flared. Weeks later, Columbia suspended a pair of student groups, Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace, in connection with an unauthorized student walkout.

The university rolled out a protest policy in February that was designed to curtail demonstrations, and this month, Dr. Shafik announced suspensions of students who had helped organize an event that included open expressions of support for Hamas.

“This is a challenging moment and these are steps that I deeply regret having to take,” Dr. Shafik wrote on Thursday.

Tents were removed later that day. But within hours, another protest had formed on the lawn and new tents were up.

Reporting was contributed by Olivia Bensimon , Anna Betts , Karla Marie Sanford, Stephanie Saul and Chelsia Rose Marcius

Sharon Otterman

Columbia announced that it was storing all items that were left at the encampment after the police moved in, and that it was working out the logistics for how students can pick their belongings up.

Olivia Bensimon

The protest is on the move again, with demonstrators marching around Columbia’s campus and chanting, “N.Y.P.D., back down.”

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Chelsia Rose Marcius

The daughter of Representative Ilhan Omar, Isra Hirsi, was among the protesters who were arrested, the police confirmed. Ms. Hirsi was issued a summons for trespassing.

Protesters were issued summonses for trespassing. Two of them were also charged with obstruction of governmental administration, police officials said.

At a news conference, Mayor Eric Adams said that more than 100 protesters occupied a lawn on Columbia's campus for over 30 hours. The police “made more than 108 arrests,” he said.

Stephanie Saul

The conflict with protesters has been brewing for months. Here’s what led to the school’s decision.

Just as the police arrested students on Columbia University’s campus on Thursday, Nemat Shafik, the university’s president, sent out a campuswide email to faculty and students.

She said that while she had asked the New York Police Department to intervene, she made the decision with “deep regret.”

Dr. Shafik’s decision, which followed consultation with the university’s board, came after months of effort to control the protests, which began after the Hamas-led attack on Israel in October.

In January, Columbia and the N.Y.P.D. were investigating reports that pro-Palestinian demonstrators were sprayed with a foul-smelling chemical during a protest, prompting eight people to seek medical treatment. One of the students allegedly involved in the incident, who was suspended, has filed a lawsuit .

By February, the university had placed new restrictions on protests, which required that demonstrators register at least two days in advance, that demonstrations be held within designated areas and that they be restricted to Monday through Friday, from noon to 6 p.m. The idea was to limit the disruption to daily campus life.

One person close to the administration said the rules had been broken multiple times and in a variety of ways, leading up to the decision on Thursday.

Even so, PEN America, a free speech organization, called the decision to arrest students troubling.

“It is disturbing to see a campus move so quickly to arrest students for peacefully expressing their political views within the free speech zone, and it is even more alarming that this action came amidst political pressure to crack down on pro-Palestinian expression on campus after yesterday’s hearing in the House,” the organization said in a statement, referring to a hearing Wednesday in which Dr. Shafik was the star witness.

This month, Dr. Shafik confirmed to the campus newspaper, Columbia Daily Spectator, that four students had been suspended indefinitely and given 24 hours to vacate their campus housing. They had participated in an event called Resistance 101, a discussion that took place in a campus facility, which was deemed out of compliance with university policy.

Dr. Shafik’s decision on Thursday also followed what she said were several attempts to coax the student encampment to vacate their tents, which had been located on the university’s Morningside campus, in a central green near the library.

“The individuals who established the encampment violated a long list of rules and policies,” Dr. Shafik said in her email to the campus.

The university also tried to engage with the students’ concerns, she wrote, but to no avail.

The New York Civil Liberties Union has denounced the university's leadership for its handling of the protest.

“Columbia’s move to send in police so quickly after these demonstrations began chills student expression, marks a significant departure from past practice, and raises questions about the university’s disparate treatment of students based on their views,” Donna Lieberman, the executive director of the organization, said in a statement.

At least 108 protesters at Columbia University are in police custody, according to New York Police Department officials. The protesters have not been officially arrested or charged. The police are expected to provide more details at a news conference around 6 p.m.

Mayor Eric Adams will join Edward A. Caban, the police commissioner, for the 6 p.m. news conference.

Karla Marie Sanford

On campus, a third tent is being constructed. Someone bought pizza for the protesters still assembled on the green. It seems students may attempt to stay at the scene indefinitely.

The protesters who had been fenced into an area on Broadway and 116th Street broke out of their pen and onto the roadway after police officers took a man into custody. They’re now marching west on 120th Street.

A small encampment has sprouted on the Western lawn, and hundreds of students remain here protesting, forming a human chain around the lawn.

Vimal Patel

A protest 56 years ago became an important part of Columbia’s culture.

Columbia University is no stranger to major student protests, and the uproar that unfolded at the institution on Thursday had echoes of a much bigger revolt in 1968 — another time of upheaval over a war many students deeply believed was immoral.

That year, in April, in the throes of the Vietnam War, Columbia and Barnard students seized five campus buildings, took a dean hostage and shut down the university.

By April 30, a week after the protest started, university officials cracked down.

At about 2 a.m., police began clearing students from Hamilton Hall “after entering the building through underground tunnels,” according to the student newspaper , The Columbia Daily Spectator. Minutes later, police entered Low Library, again through tunnels, removing occupying students by force.

By 4 a.m., they had cleared all buildings, resulting in more than 700 arrests — one of the largest mass detentions in New York City history — and 148 reports of injuries, the student newspaper reported. Officers trampled protesters, hit them with nightsticks, punched and kicked them and dragged them down stairs, according to a New York Times report .

Most of the injuries were cuts and bruises, relatively minor as compared to some of the brutal arrests of protesters at the height of antiwar and civil rights demonstrations at the time. The university also sustained some property damage, including smashed furniture, toppled shelves and broken windows.

In the end, the protesters won their goals of stopping the construction of a gym on public land in Morningside Park, cutting ties with a Pentagon institute doing research for the Vietnam War and gaining amnesty for demonstrators.

The protests would also lead to the early resignations of Columbia’s president, Grayson L. Kirk, and its provost, David B. Truman.

The fallout from the violence hurt the university’s reputation and led to reforms favoring student activism. Today the university touts its tradition of protest as part of its brand.

On Thursday, another Columbia president, Nemat Shafik, took what she called an “extraordinary step” and authorized the New York Police Department to clear out a student encampment on campus.

Pro-Palestinian demonstrators repitched a couple of tents, and seemed to have recovered the main signage from the encampment as well.

Hundreds are still gathered and chanting on the south side of the grass.

Police officers are still standing in the eastern yard. But on the whole things have calmed down.

Outside the school gates on 116th Street, there is still a significant police presence and a group of pro-Palestinian protestors are still chanting.

Nicholas Fandos

Columbia got backup on Thursday afternoon from one of its most prominent alumni: Representative Jerrold Nadler, Democrat of New York. Nadler is one of House’s leading civil libertarians and its longest-serving Jewish member. “Columbia has an obligation to protect students and their learning environment," he said. "The university has set guidelines for peaceful protests on campus, and Columbia has a right to enforce their own rules. Those who continue to violate campus policies are putting members of the Columbia community at risk.”

Cornel West, a left-wing public intellectual and independent candidate for president, is addressing the student protesters. “I just want to say I stand here in solidarity with you," he says. "I stand in solidarity with human suffering."

Federico Pepe, a student from Italy studying at Columbia College, took the protest in stride. “It happens all the time in Italy so it’s not surprising," he said. "At the same, there are a lot of police. If you go to Broadway, there’s so many. It’s strange.”

It’s started to drizzle, and most of the protesters who had been chanting outside campus have left.

Hundreds of students have formed a new impromptu protest around the campus lawn just west of the encampment. Dozens of students have hopped the fence into the lawn and and are sitting on the now wet grass in a light rain. Many are wearing kaffiyeh, and a Palestinian flag is waving. Their message seems to be: You can’t arrest us all. “The people united will never be defeated,” some chant.

A university employee said that the protesters' tents are being thrown away.

A picket has formed around the western lawn of the Columbia campus. Inside, hundreds of students are sitting on the grass in a circle.

The protest on 114th and Amsterdam is dispersing after an organizer instructed attendees to clear the roadway. “We have to let these buses through so these folks can get processed and go home,” he said.

Jeremy W. Peters

Some colleges are cracking down on student demonstrations.

The 100-year-old annual honors convocation at the University of Michigan is typically a decorous affair, with a pipe organ accompanying golf-clap applause.

This year’s event was anything but. Protesters rose from their seats, and unfurled banners with “Free Palestine” written in red paint. They shouted, “You are funding genocide!”

Unable to continue with the ceremony, university officials cut it short , as hundreds of disappointed students and their parents stood up and walked out.

Two days after the honors convocation, the university’s president, Santa J. Ono, issued a stern rebuke: Enough.

“Like many of you, I am proud of our university’s history of protest,” he said. “But none of us should be proud of what happened on Sunday.” He announced that the school would draft a new policy to redefine what could be punished as disruptive behavior.

The University of Michigan is not alone.

After years of often loose enforcement of their own rules, some of the country’s most high-profile academic institutions are getting bolder, suspending and in some cases expelling students. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, New York University and Brown University have recently taken swift and decisive action against student protesters, including making arrests .

And on Thursday, Columbia University hit its limit with student protesters who had set up dozens of tents on campus, sending in the New York Police Department to make arrests. The arrests followed congressional testimony on Wednesday, in which the president of Columbia, Nemat Shafik, said the school had delivered an unambiguous message to students that misconduct would not be tolerated.

College officials are driven by criticism from alumni, donors and Republican lawmakers, but in interviews they also described a gnawing sense that civility on campus has broken down.

They say that lately, some student protests have become so disruptive that they not only are interfering with their ability to provide an education, but they also have left many students, particularly Jewish ones, fearing for their safety.

Recalibrating isn’t necessarily easy, as many universities are learning. Efforts by administrators to claw back some of their authority over campus demonstrations are being met with pushback from students, faculty and civil liberties groups who say a university’s role is to foster debate — even if it’s messy, rude and disruptive — not attempt to smother it.

Campus activists said the aggressive enforcement of the student disciplinary process by universities is a new and concerning development. “This is an escalation,” said Rosy Fitzgerald of the Institute for Middle East Understanding, a nonprofit that is tracking how schools are responding to student demonstrators.

Suspensions and expulsions “didn’t used to be a tactic,” she said. “But now we’re seeing that as an immediate response.”

In her congressional testimony, Dr. Shafik revealed that 15 Columbia students have been suspended in recent weeks. She also said the school had for the first time in 50 years made the decision to ask the N.Y.P.D. to assist with protests.

Vanderbilt University issued what are believed to be the first student expulsions over protests related to the Israel-Hamas conflict. More than two dozen demonstrators stormed the university president’s office — injuring a security guard and shattering a window — and occupied it for more than 20 hours. Vanderbilt suspended every student involved in the demonstration. Three were expelled.

Student protests have a history of being disruptive and occasionally violent, from the Vietnam War era to today. Since Donald J. Trump’s election in 2016, many campuses have become especially volatile places, seeing an increase in angry demonstrations over conservative speakers, some of whom have been disinvited out of fear for their safety.

The Oct. 7 Hamas attack on Israel has sparked another wave of protests, which university administrators and free speech advocates say poses new challenges. In interviews, they described encountering students who were unwilling to engage with administrators when invited to do so, quick to use aggressive and sometimes physical forms of expression, and often wore masks to conceal their identities.

“When I talk to my fellow university presidents, everybody has the same experience,” said Daniel Diermeier, the chancellor of Vanderbilt. He said that experience typically involves confrontations with a small group of students, several dozen or so, who are uncompromising.

“They’re not interested in dialogue. When they are invited for dialogue, they do not participate,” Dr. Diermeier said. “They’re interested in protesting, disruption.”

“That’s different,” he added.

At Pomona College in Southern California, seven students were suspended this month after a group of demonstrators forced their way into the president’s office to protest the removal of an “apartheid wall” in support of Palestinians.

School leadership described the incident as part of a troubling pattern in which students wearing masks that covered their faces set up tents on parts of the campus in violation of Pomona policy, harassed staff and visitors on campus tours, and then refused to identify themselves when asked.

It was impossible for college officials to tell whether they were even engaging with actual Pomona students — let alone have an open conversation, said Tracy Arwari, assistant vice president for student affairs at Pomona.

“In the same way we think about anonymity in internet communications, it’s really hard to have an argument if you don’t know who you’re arguing with,” Ms. Arwari said.

But as colleges consider how to rein in the protests, they risk overreaching.

“The last six months have really tested the principles that govern speech on campus,” said Suzanne Nossel, chief executive of PEN America, a writer’s group that focuses on supporting free expression.

On one hand, schools need to have room to set rules. But, Ms. Nossel said, “There is this tension between wanting to enforce the rules and also acknowledging that college is a learning environment. You want people to be able to make mistakes without facing lifelong consequences because if you’re too heavy-handed, it can reinforce this sense of grievance.”

Students who have been subject to tough disciplinary measures have said they found the process disorienting and sudden. At Vanderbilt, the students who were suspended were barred from campus, unable to stay in their dorm rooms, according to Ezri Tyler, a sophomore gender studies major who participated in the sit-in at the president’s office.

“Students were panicked and very confused,” Ms. Tyler said, adding that the school’s procedures seemed designed to “very purposely deny students due process.” She said that her suspension was lifted and that she is now on probation for 15 months.

Dr. Diermeier said that the school had to draw a line somewhere. “This has nothing to do with free speech. That’s a red herring,” he said, adding that no one has a right to harass.

But as colleges and universities take a harder line, they are running into resistance from students, faculty and outside civil liberties groups that say they are stifling the very kind of expressive freedom academia purports to cherish.

Michigan’s draft policy on disruptive conduct, for instance, has been criticized by the Michigan chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union as too vague and broad for disallowing activity like impeding the flow of foot traffic on campus and interrupting lectures or performances.

“Of course universities have a legitimate interest in prohibiting the kinds of major disruptions that completely shut down official events or make it physically impossible for speakers to communicate their message,” said Dan Korobkin, legal director of A.C.L.U. Michigan.

“But,” he added, “they cannot demand complete passivity from everyone who sets foot on campus.”

A University of Michigan spokeswoman, Colleen Mastony, said, “Our goal with the draft disruptive activity policy was to make policies clearer, ensure key terms are well defined.”

The university has solicited feedback on the draft, and Dr. Ono said in a recent letter to students and faculty that he would not “rush the development of this new policy; we will ensure all voices have an opportunity to be heard.”

At Vanderbilt, Dr. Diermeier has established an initiative, the Future of Free Speech, to promote free expression beyond college campuses. Jacob Mchangama, the head of that program, said in an interview that he had expressed his differences with Dr. Diermeier over the way the student occupation of the president’s office was handled, including when the police arrested a reporter for a local publication who was covering the event.

But, he added, the willingness of some students to push the limits of tolerable conduct necessitates a response from educators. It’s the job of professors to say, “Here are the red lines,” Mr. Mchangama said. “And that’s one of the issues that’s plaguing universities around the country.”

Sharon Otterman and Anna Betts

Ilhan Omar’s daughter is suspended for her involvement in the Columbia protests.

Isra Hirsi, the daughter of Representative Ilhan Omar of Minnesota, is among several Barnard students who have been suspended for participating in a pro-Palestinian encampment at Columbia University.

The camp, which includes dozens of tents pitched on the campus’s South Lawn in protest against Israeli actions in Gaza, has created a standoff between administrators and students on the Ivy League campus. Dozens of students were arrested on Thursday, after the university notified them that they would be suspended if they refused to move and the students vowed to remain in place.

Ms. Hirsi posted on social media around 11:30 a.m. on Thursday that she was one of three students suspended so far for participating in the protest, which began on Wednesday, the day the university’s president, Nemat Shafik, appeared before Congress to discuss antisemitism on campus.

At the congressional hearing, Dr. Shafik told lawmakers that she would enforce rules about unauthorized protests and antisemitism. Ms. Omar, who is on the committee that held the hearing and who did not mention that her daughter was among the pro-Palestinian protesters, was one of several Democrats who questioned Ms. Shafik about her actions toward Palestinian and Muslim students.

Ms. Hirsi, 21, said on social media that she was an organizer with Columbia University Apartheid Divest, the student coalition that has been pushing the university to cut ties with companies that support Israel. Such divestment is the key demand of protesters in the encampment. She is also involved with the Columbia chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine, one of two student groups that was suspended in November for holding unauthorized protests.

“I have never been reprimanded or received any disciplinary warnings,” she wrote. “I just received notice that I am 1 of 3 students suspended for standing in solidarity with Palestinians facing a genocide.”

Ms. Hirsi is a junior majoring in sociology. Two other Barnard students, Maryam Iqbal, 18, a freshman, and Soph Dinu, 21, a junior majoring in religion, were also suspended, protest organizers said.

During the congressional hearing on Wednesday, Ms. Omar questioned Dr. Shafik about why pro-Palestinian students on campus had been evicted, suspended, harassed and intimidated for their participation in a pro-Palestinian event. Dr. Shafik responded that it was a very serious situation and that the suspended students had refused to cooperate with an investigation into an event where people spoke in support of Hamas.

Ms. Omar also asked about an alleged chemical attack on pro-Palestinian protesters . Dr. Shafik said that she had reached out to the students who had been attacked, but that the investigation was still with the police. Ms. Hirsi was among the students who was sprayed with an odorous substance, organizers said.

At one point, Ms. Omar asked Dr. Shafik if she had seen any protests at Columbia that were anti-Muslim, anti-Arab, anti-Palestinian or against Jewish people, to which Dr. Shafik responded “no.”

“There has been a rise in targeting and harassment against antiwar protesters,” Ms. Omar said during the hearing, adding, “There has been a recent attack on the democratic rights of students across the country.”

A statement from the president of Columbia University.

Nemat Shafik, the president of Columbia University, sent the following statement to faculty on Thursday.

To the Columbia University community: This morning, I had to make a decision that I hoped would never be necessary. I have always said that the safety of our community was my top priority and that we needed to preserve an environment where everyone could learn in a supportive context. Out of an abundance of concern for the safety of Columbia’s campus, I authorized the New York Police Department to begin clearing the encampment from the South Lawn of Morningside campus that had been set up by students in the early hours of Wednesday morning.

I took this extraordinary step because these are extraordinary circumstances. The individuals who established the encampment violated a long list of rules and policies. Through direct conversations and in writing, the university provided multiple notices of these violations, including a written warning at 7:15 p.m. on Wednesday notifying students who remained in the encampment as of 9:00 p.m. that they would face suspension pending investigation. We also tried through a number of channels to engage with their concerns and offered to continue discussions if they agreed to disperse.

I regret that all of these attempts to resolve the situation were rejected by the students involved. As a result, NYPD officers are now on campus and the process of clearing the encampment is underway.

Protests have a storied history at Columbia and are an essential component of free speech in America and on our campus. We work hard to balance the rights of students to express political views with the need to protect other students from rhetoric that amounts to harassment and discrimination. We updated our protest policy to allow demonstrations on very short notice and in prime locations in the middle of campus while still allowing students to get to class, and labs and libraries to operate. The current encampment violates all of the new policies, severely disrupts campus life, and creates a harassing and intimidating environment for many of our students.

Columbia is committed to academic freedom and to the opportunity for students and faculty to engage in political expression — within established rules and with respect for the safety of all. The policies we have in place around demonstrations are in place to support both the right to expression and the safety and functioning of our university.

Prior to taking this action, I complied with the requirements of Section 444 of the University Statutes.

This is a challenging moment and these are steps that I deeply regret having to take. I encourage us all to show compassion and remember the values of empathy and respect that draw us together as a Columbia community.

‘The Fall Guy’ Writer Details How Hollywood’s Biggest Stunts Inspired the Movie: ‘We Are Unashamedly Playing the Hits’

By Todd Gilchrist

Todd Gilchrist

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Ostensibly a big-screen reboot of the 1980s television series of the same name, “ The Fall Guy ” is actually director and former stunt performer David Leitch ’s love letter to both his wife, producer Kelly McCormick, and the undersung art of stunt work — only not always in that order.

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Speaking to Variety ahead of the May 3 opening day of “The Fall Guy,” Pearce explained how he tossed the original series, ‘70s dramedies like “The Long Goodbye” and “California Split,” film history’s most famous stunts, Leitch and McCormick’s relationship (both personal and professional), and the star wattage of Gosling and Blunt into a blender to create a smart, sexy, thrilling crowd-pleaser.

When did you start writing “The Fall Guy?” What onus was on you to either revive or maintain the iconography of the TV series?

When did the love story come into that equation?

We always had a love story, and then Ryan came on board and really wanted to run towards that — and it was an incredible instinct on his part. That’s how it coalesced. The ’80s and ’90s parts of it, we accumulated along the way. We are unashamedly playing the hits with this movie. From my perspective, like a lot of people, the last four, five years have been challenging on some level and as the process of making “The Fall Guy” went along, I relearned the value of a Friday night movie. I think maybe we all did. Ryan was on that journey anyway, and Dave and Kelly were looking to capitalize on one of David’s skills that gets overlooked, which is his comedy rather than just his action. Those three parts came together and that’s how we got the Trojan horse of this movie that it is a rom-com [where] we don’t force the life and death stakes. It’s more about the adult intricacy of having a relationship.

A lot of the action sequences evoke ones from other movies, be it “Mad Max: Fury Road,” “Mission: Impossible,” “Dune,” et cetera, but sort of plussed up with a stunt expert’s input.

I literally made a list of my favorite set pieces, or ones that [set] a record. The 220-foot fall from “Sharky’s Machine,” the “Casino Royale” cannon roll with the Aston Martin. The trashcan sequence over Sydney Harbor Bridge was Dave and I going, what’s our take on the “Stage Coach,” “Raiders of the Lost Ark” distance drag? It’s a real gift to have a stunt man as your central character because you can naturalize some of the heightened-ness of what a set piece is. But I approach set pieces or stunts the same way that people approach musicals, which is, if the plot of the musical hasn’t been advanced by a song, then the song can just be lifted. And as long as the story and the character is already built in, then the rest of the team goes to town. I do a bullet pass on what the action sequence is, David finds it and plusses it, I write a more scripted version of it, and then it goes into the real world.

What does showing all of the wires, logistics and tricks of each stunt allow you to do that you wouldn’t in a traditional action film?

That’s the trick of the movie. It’s real Magic Castle sleight of hand, because we start with a big set piece [with the cannon roll] where we see how we do the stunt, but it’s still scary, because doing a cannon roll is fucking scary. And so we show the workings up front, but then, spoiler alert, some of the other stunts are assisted with rigs and other practical stunting that we don’t see in the film, but I think we’ve kind of tricked the snake brain into thinking that every single thing you see has the same amount of danger that the first stunt legitimately has.

How difficult was it to top that initial, record-breaking stunt by the end of the film while also closing the loop on all of these different narrative threads?

That’s the kind of rhythmic thinking you have to apply if you are doing an action movie or set pieces, because my biggest worry is always that it works on an emotional level and a stunt level. You don’t want to feel like the movie has been emotionally resolved going into Act Three because then there’s nothing to root for, whether that’s between the characters or the emotional resolve of the plot, and when it comes to the action, you don’t want to feel like the best has already passed.

The movie is very earnest, but it also is very self-aware of action movie tropes and dialogue. How actively referential did you want the film to be?

It was always going to be a movie about making movies, because that’s what a stunt man does. But we didn’t want it to be “Tropic Thunder.” We wanted it to be a much more universal love story and action movie. I tried to think about it as a blue collar story rather than an entertainment industry story — the best version of a metaphor for people who work really hard for the sake of richer, more successful, more seen humans, and actually risk their life for it for all of our entertainment’s sakes. That’s baked into the DNA of the idea of the unknown stuntman, so the self-referential stuff built as it went along. David and Ryan and hopefully myself embedded those quotes or tropes into a reality where even if it gives you a wry smile about what we’re referencing, it stays in the authentic reality of who the characters are.

Are there moments as a screenwriter where you go, because it’s a movie, that allows you to take that leap of escalation, or dramatic license?

That’s where Leitch is a real master of his craft. I think that you can define the tone of a movie by the movie’s relationship to death, which sounds very doomy, but for example, in the shootout in the apartment there’s a lot of incredibly powerful ammunition being let off. If any of it hit Colt, it would literally blow the top half of his body off. But because of the way David approached it, you get the frisson of the excitement from it, but I don’t think anyone’s ever expecting Ryan to be maimed on the sofa of a chic apartment. As long as the reality’s relationship to the character is that you feel something, I don’t think that jeopardy needs to feel like the reality of somebody shooting a powerful gun at you. I don’t think that’s dishonest, I think that’s the language of cinema.

David Leitch told Variety that when filming began, the third act was not locked. How much did the making of the movie in some ways mirror the telling of the movie?

In this case, the greatest VFX that we have is the chemistry between Ryan and Emily. That’s why, at its best moments, their relationship does feel like a Billy Wilder movie, does have that kind of zing of a classic romance. How we made this movie is organic and it is a big group of people all playing at the top of their game to feed into each other.

To what extent were you inspired by David and Kelly, given that he’s indicated that this very much is a love letter to their relationship?

I told David when I started this movie, “I want to help you make the best ever David Leitch movie.” In the first and second drafts, I was putting stuff in there that Dave, two weeks afterwards, would be like, “You stole that from my life.” Kelly was such an important voice in the development of the Jody character that it can’t help but organically become a story that’s infused by their relationship and the support of each other they have as filmmakers.

The interesting thing about this as a blockbuster is I think we have a certain understanding of tentpole movies where we assume they are there to fill a date in a schedule because of the quarterly needs of shareholders of multinationals. This movie’s very different … our real lives are in the film.

What are some examples of the moments David said were stolen from his, or even your own experiences?

Well, let me first go on the record to underline the fact that to my knowledge Kelly has never tortured Dave with multiple fire burns. But the action and the romance are fused because you’re using the language of stunts to tell the love story. As for real life, the scenes that speak to me the most are the ones [between Colt and Jody] around the hotel — the split screen sequence where Emily’s character and Ryan’s character connect properly for the first time. They’re using the language of their jobs as the way to remember what they loved about each other, and that certainly comes from my real life. Whether you work in a bakery or on a film set, mutual admiration is hot, and it’s my favorite kind of romantic dynamic — game respects game.

There’s an interesting juxtaposition between Colt’s emotional intelligence via his work, and yet his inability to communicate his feelings to Jody. How did you navigate that balance?

In the fusing of the romance and the action, Colt’s challenges and limitations as a human are part of the reason that he went into being a stuntman — his physical expression of things, but maybe his fear that showing weakness will push someone away. Now, sure, that’s what can make you a good stuntman, but does that make you a good partner?

You are screenwriter and executive producer on “The Fall Guy,” but you’ve also directed. How has cultivating those different skill sets enabled you to compartmentalize them when you’re shouldering just one of those responsibilities?

Every project is completely different. For this movie, I knew David, I know his wide skill set, so in creating the story, I want to lean into each of those. Then, directorial experience tells you when to speak up and when to shut the fuck up because the buck stops with David. And so understand that what you should really be doing is helping him make the best version of the idea that speaks to him best. I am there to offer energy, offer ideas, offer joy, offer good lines, and frankly, there is a joy in being a part of that, that only comes when you really trust the people you’re working with. The reason I hope “The Fall Guy” team stays together forever is because it feels like there is such a mutual respect for what everybody does, and a sense that everybody is working at the top of their game, that it makes it very easy to be the component that I need to be to help the movie be as good as it can be.

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