what is research in medical school

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Research for medical school admissions: what do you need to know.

Reviewed by:

Jonathan Preminger

Former Admissions Committee Member, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine

Reviewed: 4/25/24

There are several ways in which you can make your application for medical school more attractive to the eyes of admissions committees.

While research experience is not a requirement for most schools, having a research background that is sound, aligns with your major and interests, is fundamentally strong, and overall complements your application’s theme is a perfect way to be a competitive candidate and enhance your possibilities of getting into medical school.

This guide will teach you all that you need to know about research for medical school, ensuring you’ll gain successful and meaningful experiences.

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Importance of Research for Medical School‍

Your MCAT , GPA, extracurriculars, and clinical experience all play a role in your admissions chances. But research is also key! Most but not all students accepted to medical school have research experience.

According to a survey of incoming medical students conducted by the AAMC , 60% of students participated in some kind of laboratory research for college students. Experts in the field have made their ideas about it very clear; Dr. Petrella, a Stanford University Ph.D. and mentor, states: 

“Our belief is that an exercise science curriculum provides students the opportunity to become responsible professionals of competence and integrity in the area of health and human performance.” 

Today, we’ll talk about how to prepare for and strategically use research to enhance your application and make it more interesting and rich in the eyes of the admissions committee. But first, take a quick look at why you should gain research experience in your undergraduate career. 

What Counts as Research for Medical School?‍

While most research is good research, some things should be taken into consideration before jumping into the next opportunity available: 

• Clinical research is great but research in the humanities or social sciences also counts
• Good research experience develops your writing skills, critical thinking skills, professionalism, integrity, and ability to analyze data
• It’s important to contribute to the research for a long period of time—several months rather than a couple weeks
• You can participate in research part-time or full-time; both count
• You should get involved in research related to your major, desired career, and interests
• Be committed and deeply involved in the research—you’ll be asked about it in interviews!
• Being published as a top contributor of any related research papers looks the best 

Overall, there isn’t really “bad” research experience, so long as you’re committed, make clear contributions, and are genuinely passionate about the subject! 

How to Gain Research Experience as a Pre Med

There are several ways to become involved in research and find research opportunities during your undergraduate years. Research opportunities will be available through the university you’re attending, so make sure to maintain a good relationship and communication with your professors.

One of the best ways to secure a research position is to have a conversation with your professors. They may be looking for a student to help them with an upcoming project, and even if they don’t have any opportunities to offer you, they can easily refer to other staff members who might. 

Try navigating through your university’s website as well; many schools will have a student job board that may host research opportunities. For example, if you were a premed student at the University of Washington , you’d be able to check the Undergraduate Research Program (URP) database in order to filter and find research opportunities.

How Many Hours of Research Do You Need For Medical School? ‍

Since research is not a requirement at most medical schools, there’s no minimum number of hours you should be spending at the lab. Some students report entering medical school with over 2,000 hours of research experience, while others had no more than 400. 

This may seem like a lot but bear in mind that a semester or summer of research involvement sums up to around 500-800 hours. This can be more than enough to show your abilities, commitment, and critical thinking skills.

The hours you should dedicate to research widely depend on your personal circumstances and other aspects of your application. If you have the bandwidth to dedicate more hours to research, you should, but never compromise your grades for it. 

6 Types of Medical Research

There are six main types of research that pre-med students commonly participate in: 

Basic Science Research

Basic science research involves delving into the intricacies of biology in laboratory settings. It's one of the most common pre-med research opportunities and typically entails studying genes, cellular communication, or molecular processes.

Clinical Research

Clinical research is all about working with real patients to learn about health and illness. It's hands-on and great for getting a feel for healthcare. 

Public Health Research

Public health research focuses on analyzing population health trends and developing strategies for disease prevention and health promotion. It's a great area for pre-med students interested in community health, although it is a little harder to get involved in. 

Health Public Policy Research

Health public policy research examines the impact of healthcare regulations and policies on access to care and health outcomes. Although less common among pre-med students, it offers insights into the broader healthcare system, involving analyses of policy effectiveness and healthcare disparities.

Narrative Medicine Research

Narrative medicine research explores the role of storytelling and patient experiences in healthcare delivery. It's a more human side of medicine, focusing on empathy and connection. 

Artificial Intelligence Research

Artificial intelligence research can be difficult for pre-meds to get involved in, but it offers innovative solutions to complex medical problems, such as developing AI algorithms for disease diagnosis and treatment planning.

Tips to Make the Best out of Research Hours 

Now that we've covered the importance of research experience for med school application, we'll go over some tips to help you make the most of your research experience!

Have Noteworthy Research Experience

Having noteworthy research experience is a plus in your application, but it doesn’t end here. The ultimate goal of research is to actually become involved in the most recent projects, discoveries, and questions in your field of study, and prepare you for potential research later in your graduate career.

Use Research as an Opportunity to Gain Skills

Make your best effort to see research experience not only as a way to make your resume and application look better, but also as an opportunity to gain skills and face challenges that will help you become a dedicated professional, and will help you succeed in any your future endeavors. 

Be Clear With Your Goals

Before getting started with your research hours, make sure the research question is perfectly clear to you, and that you’re familiar and interested in what the research is aiming to find or prove. By doing this, you’ll be off to a great start, and your research experience will be valuable from the beginning.

Understand the Project and Be Engaged

Once you’re involved in research, make sure you try your best to perfectly understand every part of it. Shallow and meaningless research experiences won’t get you very far.

During your interview you'll be asked about the research project – regardless of your level of contribution, it’s important for you to be clear, confident, and perfectly articulate to make yourself a competitive candidate.

Take Your Experience Seriously

Also, take your time at the lab very seriously. Try approaching your research contribution as a job; show up in time just like you would show up in time for work, put your best effort in it, and above all, be professional. 

Build Relationships With Your Supervisors

Another tip for maximizing your research experience is to make a connection and form a relationship with the mentor or the professor that will, or is already working with you. By forming strong bonds and relationships, you’ll have the opportunity to ask your mentor for a letter of recommendation.

So, do take every hour spent seriously and work hard to make a good impression. This way, you’ll kill two birds with one stone: you’ll gain research experience while obtaining strong recommendations.

What Kind of Research do Medical Schools Prefer? (Science vs Non-Science)‍

That is a somewhat tricky question. The simple answer is that any research that can show your involvement and commitment and aligns with the theme of your application is beneficial. However, there are a lot of layers to it. 

Probably the most common type of research among applicants –which is also highly valued by medical schools – is science and lab research. If you’re a science major in college, this is probably the way you’d want to go; laboratory-based research. 

With that said, if your major is in the social sciences or humanities, getting involved in research related to your major and your interests is something that medical schools will find attractive.

After all, the majority of schools use a holistic approach to admissions and want their potential candidates to be widely and well-educated individuals.

1. Is Research Experience More Important Than Clinical Experience For Medical School?‍

The short answer to this is no. Even though the majority of applicants have research experience, for many deans of admissions, clinical experience is equally and sometimes even more valuable. The clinical experience involves patient interaction, which is undoubtedly crucial preparation for a life-long career as a physician.

However, getting your first research experience as early as possible in your undergraduate years will help you determine if research is something you’d like to pursue in the future. Plus, it will make it easier for you to secure more research positions in your graduate years, so you should definitely go for it if it's of your interest. 

2. Is Research Experience More Important Than Physician Shadowing?

While both experiences are relevant, research has the added benefit of allowing you to gain hands-on experience. However, don’t forget that doctor shadowing also adds a lot of value to your application, since it serves the purpose of actually seeing what being a physician is, and such experience could determine your interest in moving forward. 

You should also take into account what your medical school of choice expects. For example, for research-focused schools like the Mayo Clinic , research experience will definitely be more important and you should plan on putting most of your energy there. ‍

3. Should I Take A Gap Year Before Medical School To Gain Research Hours?‍

Taking a gap year gives you the opportunity to refine your application and fully focus on what you want to improve. Whether it’s worth it or not depends on your personal and academic circumstances. Remember, it’s not necessarily about how many hours you complete, but the level of contribution you make and your interest in it!

4. Should I Participate In Many, Short-Lived Research Experiences Or In A Few Long Ones?‍

Always choose quality over quantity when it comes to research experience. One long research experience will impress the admissions committee far more than several short ones! More time spent on a project often means greater contributions made, and it demonstrates interest, persistence, and resilience.

5. Should I Look For Research Opportunities Even If My GPA Is A Bit Low?‍

If you’ve gone through a hard time and your GPA is suffering a little bit, definitely focus your energy on that before committing to long hours in the lab. Your GPA and MCAT scores are the non-arguable parts of your application; make sure these are as impeccable as possible, and as soon as there’s an improvement, move on to research.

That doesn’t mean that you should completely forget about the “extras” of your application; as long as you keep a balance between a good GPA, scores, work, and extracurriculars, you’ll be on the right path to creating a competitive application. ‍

6. What Does It Mean To Be Published In Research? Is It Important To Medical Schools?‍

Being published means that your name appears on written documents about research, and it is, indeed, important, but not necessary. We’re not talking about being the first author in a publication, since this is almost impossible for an undergraduate student. 

However, appearing as a co-author on any presentation, publication, or poster will help you build a reputation.

7. What Should I Do If I Don’t Have Research Experience?‍

Ultimately, if you don’t have any research experience and do not have time or do not plan on being part of any research, focus and invest time in your clinical experience as well as volunteering and community service. Also, work on maintaining a good GPA and improving your MCAT score.

Keep in mind, though, that MD-PhD candidates do need to get involved in research before applying, and a big emphasis should be placed on research in these cases. 

8. Does Clinical Research Count Also As Clinical Experience?

Clinical research can count as both clinical experience and research experience in your AMCAS application.

9. Is Research Required For Medical School?

Research experience is not required for most medical schools. However, having research experience will help you stand out and present yourself as a more competitive candidate during the application process.

Final Thoughts‍

Participating in research for medical school can play an important role in the quality of your application. For this reason, knowing how to make your experiences as valuable and rich as possible will play a key role in ensuring the research complements your application and overall profile. 

Research is the perfect way to build a strong skill set that will aid you as a medical student and make you a better physician! 

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News & Publications

U.s. news & world report announces 2022 best research-oriented medical schools.

The annual U.S. News & World Report Best Medical Schools: Research rankings for 2022 were announced today, and the list reaffirmed that the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine is one of the best in the country. The school of medicine was ranked #7 out of more than 100 medical schools in the nation.

Seven of our specialty programs, which are ranked by peer review, are in the top five this year:

#1 – Anesthesiology  #1 – Radiology  #1 – Surgery  #2 – Internal Medicine  #2 – Psychiatry  #4 – Pediatrics  #5 – Obstetrics and Gynecology

We are also honored that our peers ranked us #1 in reputation among all institutions in the country. Our medical students were recognized as having some of the highest academic credentials, including grade point averages (GPA) and Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores.

While the school of medicine has consistently earned one of the top spots in the U.S. News & World Report graduate program rankings, it is important to note that an unexpected change in methodology contributed to a shift in our position on the list — as well as in the ranking of many other medical schools.

Specifically, U.S. News & World Report used 2019 data provided the prior year for research funds (when the school of medicine was ranked #2), but utilized these data in a different way, which we do not believe captured the full extent of the school of medicine’s research enterprise. We are confident that the changes in reported funding amounts are solely related to methodologic changes and not to changes in performance.

Medical school rankings from independent evaluators, such as the one performed by U.S. News & World Report , provide reference points for current and prospective learners, but they do not tell the whole story of the quality of education. We believe the feedback from our students, faculty members and educational peers is an equally important reflection of the caliber of our medical school.

Since our beginnings more than a century ago, the faculty and staff at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have endeavored to provide training and education of the highest quality to the next generation of medical students, graduate students, residents and postdoctoral fellows. This will continue to be our top priority. 

All of the medical schools on this year’s list are of high caliber, and it is a privilege to be in their company. For a complete list of the 2022 rankings, and to learn more about the methodology, please visit the U.S. News & World Report website.

Read more alumni news

Medical School Requirements + Prerequisites: The Ultimate Guide (2024-2025)

What medical school requirements and prerequisites do you need?

Discover medical school requirements and medical school prerequisites, which scholarly and extracurricular activities you need, and how to fulfill your premed requirements while standing out in the 2024-2025 medical school application process..

While official medical school requirements for every medical school are listed in the Medical School Admissions Requirements , there are common scholarly and extracurricular activities that medical school admissions committees want to see — discover what those medical school “requirements” are in this article.

Because the study of medicine requires a fundamental understanding of the sciences and mathematics. Therefore, medical school requirements are focused primarily on biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics . However, many medical schools also want to see that you have taken math and English.

Medical school admissions committees also need to be convinced that you understand what it means to practice medicine, work with people from different backgrounds, and be an effective member of a team among other attributes.

By reading this article, you will understand the academic, scholarly, and extracurricular medical school requirements so you will be well-positioned when you apply to medical school.

And, believe it or not, you can actually enjoy the process because it is that interesting and fun. Yes. FUN!

Table of Contents

College Requirements

To be eligible for a medical degree in the United States, you must have earned an undergraduate college degree before you start medical school. Many students ask if the undergraduate college status or prestige matter when it comes to medical school admissions. There is no clear “yes” or “no” answer to this question.

Some undergraduate colleges are especially prestigious or notoriously difficult and medical schools might consider this when evaluating a student’s GPA. In the same way, if a student attends a college that is considered easy, the GPA will be considered within that context.

For example, let’s say Student A went to a very prestigious college which is notorious for grade deflation and gives out very few As. She has a GPA of 3.45 with an upward trend. Now, let’s say student B went to a less prestigious college and earned a 4.0 GPA. Student A, depending on other factors such as the MCAT score and activities, might be considered a more competitive applicant than Student B who went to a much less rigorous undergraduate college.

The MCAT is really the great equalizer in this process. So, if Student A and Student B both earned a great MCAT, let’s say a 523, they would both be equally competitive assuming all other factors were equal.

Many students attend less competitive colleges for good reason and medical schools know this! There are also many prestigious college honors programs that medical school admissions committees consider quite impressive. A high GPA earned at ANY college is impressive especially if it’s matched strong course rigor and a high MCAT score.

Equally important to understand is that attending an “elite” college will not be your ticket to medical school. In fact, sometimes medical schools seem to expect more from student who attend elite colleges. This is anecdotal information based on our work with students in the most recent application season. 

The bottom line? You can get into medical school from any undergraduate institution as long as you do well academically and take advantage of the opportunities available to you.

Premedical Course Requirements

Medical school prerequisites may vary from med school to med school. However, the vast majority of medical schools have the following prerequisites:

• Biology with lab (two semester sequence or three quarter sequence)
• General chemistry with lab (two semester sequence or two quarter sequence)
• Organic chemistry with lab (two semester sequence or two quarter sequence)
• Physics with lab (two semester sequence or three quarter sequence)

Some medical schools also require the following prerequisites:

• Mathematics : Calculus or statistics or college mathematics (two semesters or three quarters). About 60 medical schools require math.
• Biochemistry (one semester or two/three quarters – depends on the school). About 60 medical schools require biochemistry. This number will likely increase every year.
• English (two semesters or three quarters)
• Statistics.  About 20 medical schools require statistics.
• Social sciences (psychology, sociology, two semesters)

Keep in mind that many medical schools will not accept AP credit to satisfy requirements.

Medical School Prerequisites: What Must You Take?

To be safe, we recommend taking all of the coursework listed above. Keep in mind that all courses must be taken before you matriculate to medical school rather than before you actually apply.

In addition to the courses listed above, we recommend students take upper level science classes in any discipline.

Since medical school prerequisites differ, it is important to review each medical school’s required courses before you apply. We recommend taking all required courses at a four year university in the United States or a community college if this was part of your education path.

For the most up to date listing for specific medical school’s requirements, refer to this document from the Association of American Medical Colleges .

What is “competency-based” admissions?

More medical schools are moving towards “competency-based” admissions meaning those schools don’t require specific prerequisite, but, prefer to see competency in certain disciplines including biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and the humanities.

However, until all medical schools move towards competency-based admissions, we suggest taking all of the traditional medical school prerequisites.

Will medical schools accept advanced placement (AP) credit?

Many students who take AP classes in high school “place out” of some required prerequisites in college. Not all medical schools will accept this AP credit however many will.

Therefore, is important to check with individual medical schools regarding specific requirements. I suggest that students seek out this information before starting their freshman year. I have worked with clients who placed out of biology and took chemistry instead. Not only did this make their college course load demanding as took upper level science classes from the start of college, but, some medical schools would not accept the AP biology credit.

To find out definitively what each medical school requires, refer to Medical School Admissions Requirements updated annually by the Association of American Medical Colleges .

Do medical schools accept community college classes and credits?

The majority of medical schools will accept community college credits. We advise students check the MSAR for specific requirements from each medical school. Medical school admissions committees understand there are many reasons students enroll in community college classes and these choices will be viewed within the context of your entire application.

Medical School Requirements and Staying Organized

Medical school requirements can seem daunting and you may feel overwhelmed thinking about everything you need to do and accomplish to be a competitive medical school applicant.

The good news? If you stay organized, don’t rush to accomplish everything too quickly, and work hard, you can (and will) get it all done! I did it (years ago) and thousands of our students have as well.

Having a medical school timeline based on whether or not you plan on taking a gap year (or two) will help you to keep on track and get all of the prerequisite courses you need.

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Medical School Major Requirement

Medical school applicants can select any premed major !

Applicants often ask me what major “looks good” on an application. My response is always “the one that interests you the most.” Double majoring or earning a minor does not improve one’s candidacy, overall.

Students can major in non-science disciplines. In fact, medical schools are always seeking applicants who are intellectually curious and diverse; they don’t want an entire class of biology and chemistry majors.

Regardless of your major, take upper division science classes to prove that you can perform well in them. The bottom line is you can major in any discipline or disciplines you want as a premedical student.

However, since your GPA matters so much in medical school admissions, ideally you should try to major in the discipline where you can earn the highest GPA.

For example, a Spanish major with a 3.9 overall GPA and a 3.7 BCPM GPA, will be just as competitive as a Biology major with same stats assuming the Spanish major enrolled in upper level science courses.

By the same token, an Applied Math major with a 3.5 overall GPA and 3.4 BCPM GPA might not be as competitive as the Spanish major with higher metrics.

Interestingly, in the most recent data available, humanities majors have the highest acceptance rates to medical school with more than 50% matriculating!

RELATED ARTICLE: The Best Premed Major for Medical School Admissions (2023-2024)

Medical School GPA Requirements

The majority of medical schools will not disclose minimum GPA requirements. The average GPA for all medical school matriculants in 2022-2023 was 3.75 overall and a 3.68 BCPM at MD-granting schools in the U.S.

Many students ask us what GPA is “good enough” to get into medical school and this is a tough question to answer. Some medical schools screen applications based on minimum GPA requirements.

Obviously, the higher your GPA , the better. However, the general ballpark cut-off that medical schools use is an overall GPA of 3.5.

That said, schools also pay attention to grade trends. Many students do poorly early in college simply because they are not prepared for the academic course load and don’t have the maturity and time management and study skills to do well.

If you have an upward grade trend, medical schools may be willing to forgive a poor performance early in college. But, for the really competitive schools, academic excellence throughout college is essential.

How can you figure out if your GPA is competitive for a given medical school? We suggest reviewing the MSAR data and ensuring your GPA is in the middle 50th percentile or higher for the schools in which you are most interested.

Average GPAs for accepted students varies from medical school to medical school. The overall average GPA for students accepted to allopathic medical schools always hovers around 3.7.

Medical School MCAT Score Requirement

As mentioned earlier, MCAT scores allow medical schools to compare applicants from different undergraduate colleges.

The higher you score on the MCAT® the better. A composite score of 511 on the MCAT® is generally considered the score needed to gain admission to allopathic medical schools in the United States.

If you are applying to DO (osteopathic) medical schools, your MCAT does not need to be as high; an MCAT of 506 is competitive for osteopathic medical schools.

The maximum score a student can earn on the MCAT is 528. An outstanding MCAT score is 518 or above.

The overall average MCAT score for matriculants to allopathic medical schools in the United States has been steadily increasing:

• 511.2 in 2018/2019
• 511.5 in 2019/2020
• 511.5 in 2021/2201
• 511.9 in 2021/2022
• 511.9 in 2022/2023

The most recent data shows an average MCAT score of 511.9 for students accepted to allopathic medical school with the following breakdown: 127.9 CPBS, 127 CARS, 128.2 BBLS, and 128.9 PSBB.

Most college students take the MCAT the summer after junior or senior year. When planning on your MCAT date, keep in mind that most medical schools accept scores that are up to two or three years old.

RELATED ARTICLE:  What MCAT Score Do You Need to Get Into Medical School (2023-2024)?

Be sure to carefully plan your medical school admissions timeline when deciding when to take the MCAT.

Medical School Extracurricular Requirements

When seeking out experiences, keep in mind what medical school admissions committees want to see in your candidacy:.

• Commitment to medicine and scientific inquiry
• Experience working with diverse populations
• A commitment to advocacy and social justice
• Commitment to altruistic endeavors
• Intellectual curiosity
• Exposure to clinical medicine
• Excellent intra and interpersonal skills

See Medical School Core Competencies

Most medical schools, even those that are not major academic medical centers, want applicants to have research experience .

Most students engage in basic science research (either for credit, during the summer, or for employment) or clinical research.

However, research in other disciplines will also allow you to learn how to think critically, analyze data, evaluate the literature, solve problems, and ask and then answer a question through experimentation.

If you can’t find a basic science or clinical research experience , consider research in another discipline of interest – psychology, art history, anthropology – or whatever else piques your curiosity.

What you learn through research in any discipline can be applied to future research endeavors and help you to practice evidence based medicine. You will also be able to evaluate current studies, which will be necessary throughout your medical education, training, and career.

Medical schools are placing more and more value on the importance of scientific inquiry, analytical skills, and the ability to apply knowledge practically. Therefore, significant research experience will be more, and not less, important in coming years.

Social Justice and Advocacy Work (KEY FOR 2024-2025)

We saw medical schools, in 2022/2023, start to value work in social justice or advocacy. What does this mean exactly? We suggest that students be involved in work that shows an interest in combating inequities that exist in our society whether that be health care inequities, educational inequities, environmental inequities, or anything else.

Understanding the social determinants of health is also essential in today’s climate.

Volunteering and Community Service

Lending your services to help others in need is always a worthwhile endeavor.

Medical schools are seeking people who are compassionate, caring, and empathetic. Demonstrating these traits through community service or volunteer work is important. Medical schools also seek applicants who want to help others in need, including the underserved.

Physicians also play significant roles in their communities. Therefore, medical schools value students who demonstrate a commitment to serve their communities.

Service work can be performed in medical and non-medical settings, and both are considered desirable. As mentioned above, medical schools value volunteering in a free clinic, nursing home, hospital, or hospice. Spending time in non-clinical settings, such as a soup kitchen, a tutoring program, or helping to build homes for those who are less fortunate, also demonstrates a commitment to serve.

Shadowing/Exposure to Clinical Medicine

All medical schools want to see that you have varied clinical exposure.

This can take the form of doctor shadowing , volunteering in a free clinic, or working abroad in some capacity. Some applicants have difficulty getting accepted to medical school because they have no exposure to patient care.

We have found that in recent years medical schools are valuing hands-on clinical experience more rather than passive experiences such as shadowing. Even if you aren’t taking a gap year , consider scribing, working as an EMT or as a certified nursing assistant. Hands-on clinical experience is valued much more highly than passive experience such as shadowing.

If you have never set foot in a doctor’s office or a hospital it is tough to convince someone that you want to be a doctor. Admissions committees want to be sure that you understand what it means to practice medicine in a variety of settings.

I often suggest that students seek out shadowing experiences in emergency departments (EDs). I don’t this because I am an emergency physician but because emergency departments are open 24/7, are always busy, and have a variety of patients with varied clinical presentations. The key is to shadow a spectrum of specialists in different settings.

Other Extracurricular Activities

To show you are an interesting, curious and engaged person, you should ideally demonstrate other passions in the admissions process.

Medical schools want to have a group of diverse medical students so having other passions can be appealing.

Medical School Letter of Recommendation Requirements

Each medical school’s official letter of recommendation requirements vary. However, we suggest asking for letters from the following people to make the strongest letter portfolio

• Medical school committee letter. If your school offers a committee letter, include that in your profile
• Science Professors: Have at least one letter from a science professor. However, we recommend two science letters.
• Math Professors: If you have only one science letter, be sure to also receive at least one math letter.
• Liberal Arts Professor: Ideally, your letter profile should include one liberal arts professor.
• Research Principal Investigator (PI): If you did research, try to get a letter from your PI.
• Shadowing or Community Service Letter: These letters serve mostly as character reference letters, but, can add to your overall profile.

How do you complete the medical school application?

Most medical schools extend interviews on a rolling basis so it is extremely important to submit your medical school application as close to the application opening date as possible.

Ideally you should start working on your personal statement and work and activities entries by April.

All three application systems open in early May. AMCAS can be submitted in very late May/early June. Also be aware that AMCAS won’t verify your application until it receives all documentation. Application processing and verification can take up to six weeks. But, if you submit early, this processing often takes much less time.

The AMCAS application opens in early May. At that time you can enter all of your application information, request transcripts, and have letters of reference sent to AMCAS.

Submitting the earliest applications possible is of the utmost importance.

RELATED ARTICLE:  Best Medical School Application Timeline (2023 -2024)

Final thoughts

We realize that all for the medical school requirements you need to be competitive are daunting. So, stay organized, take it one day at a time, and it will all get done! If you need support along the way, we are here to help you.

Frequently asked questions

Are paid volunteer clinical trips worthwhile.

We discourage applicants from paying for clinical experience and “voluntourism” is something that was in vogue years ago. Unless you have a connection to the foreign country at which you are doing work, this will not be viewed favorably by admissions committees and could be interpreted as gratuitous and privileged. 

What about paid shadowing programs like the Atlantis fellowship?

We discourage applicants from paying for shadowing or observerships such as the Atlantis study abroad fellowship unless you are looking for a work vacation and have extra cash on hand. Atlantis “fellowships” start at $4,800 according to their website. Programs such as Atlantis are not highly respected by admissions committees and you are better of shadowing doctors in your community and learning about challenges facing people in the United States.

How many volunteering hours do I need for medical school?

We discourage applicants from trying to accumulate hours for the sake of your medical school candidacy. How many hours you have often depends on the value of an experience and the opportunity you have to make an impact through that experience. Once an experience becomes boring or if the experience dead ends, meaning that you cannot find anyway to learn something valuable from it or contribute in a meaningful way, it’s time to consider dropping the activity. MedEdits student who have been accepted to medical have had between 30 – 1000 hours of volunteer experience.

What is the best major for medical school?

As we have mentioned in this article, there is no “best major” for medical school. You should major in what interests you most. That said, if you major in a non science, be sure you take upper level science classes in additional to traditional prerequisites to show you can do well and that you have a solid foundation for medical school. Medical school admissions committees want to see mastery in whatever discipline you are interested in. Some students see college as the last opportunity to study a non-science discipline in depth and take advantage of that opportunity. Medical schools, which value intellectual curiosity, appreciate this. Based on the data, no specific major will increase your chances of medical school admission.

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• Residents & Fellows
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Yale researchers have introduced countless medical and health advances over the last century, including the first success with antibiotics in the United States and the first use of chemotherapy to treat cancer. University scientists have been responsible for the identification of Lyme disease and the discovery of genes responsible for high blood pressure, osteoporosis, dyslexia, and Tourette's syndrome, among other disorders. Early work on the artificial heart and the creation of the first insulin pump took place at Yale, as did seminal discoveries about how the cell and its components function at the molecular level. Today, a wide range of research activities take place across all departments of the School of Medicine.

Faculty by Research Keyword

Resources for investigators, research strategic planning, research leadership & teams, clinical trials, research at ysm, novel e-cigarette products marketed to contain nicotine analogs instead of nicotine show discrepancies between label information and contents, yale scientists aim to achieve better understanding of molecular effects of alcohol use disorder on brain, elucidating host-microbe interactions to address vector-borne diseases, modification of electronic nicotine delivery systems among adolescents and young adults, ysm, va researchers complete first genome-wide association study of epiretinal membrane, postoperative abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) surveillance, study probes blood biomarker for early-stage alzheimer's disease, study sheds light on genetic and environmental risk factors for opioid use disorder.

What to Expect in Medical School

New section.

An overview of what you can expect medical school to be like.

What will I learn in medical school?

Many medical schools organize their training into two parts: preclinical and clinical. In a traditional four-year curriculum, the preclinical phase includes two years of science training when you learn about basic medical concepts, the structure and functions of the body, diseases, diagnoses, and treatment concepts. You’ll also learn the basics of doctoring, such as taking medical histories and other essential competencies. The clinical portion of the training — traditionally the last two years of medical school — involves clinical rotations, during which time you will receive basic instruction and hands-on experience with patients in the major medical specialties. The curriculum varies for each medical school, and some medical schools have a more integrated, multidisciplinary program and begin clinical training and patient interaction during the first week. You can review each medical school’s “About the Curriculum” section in the Medical School Admission Requirements™ .

Will I be graded?

How students are graded varies from school to school. Some medical schools use a pass/fail system or an honors/pass/fail system, and others use a letter-grading system. There are even some that use a combination of a pass/fail system for the first year or two then switch to another system for the final two years. There are a small number of schools using a competency-based evaluation system that measures student progression in learning a certain set of competencies throughout the course of medical school. To see individual medical school policies on grading, see the Education section of the  Medical School Admission Requirements guide . Regardless of which approach your school uses, it’s important to keep grades in perspective. Grades do matter in certain instances, but they are only one criteria by which you are evaluated during medical school.

How will I interact with patients?

Traditionally, medical students haven’t had many experiences with patients until their third year, but this is changing. Some schools introduce patient interactions early on (some in the first week!) or may have incoming students receive EMS or EMT certification before the beginning of classes.

Typically, you do clinical rotations, also called clerkships, during the third and fourth year of medical school. Rotations give you firsthand experience working with patients in various specialties under direct supervision of a faculty member, fellow, or resident. The types, number, and length of rotations vary from school to school, but training usually includes clerkships in internal medicine, family medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and surgery. Your school may have different requirements. However, in your final year of medical school, you will be given the opportunity to take electives in different specialties and at different institutions according to your interests. The  Medical School Admission Requirements  website features information in the Education section about when students begin patient interaction and how clinical rotations work at each medical school.

When do I choose a specialty and apply for residency training?

Exploring your future career as a physician begins early in med school, with an ongoing examination of your interests and goals in the practice of medicine along with an exploration of the many specialty options available. Your third-year rotations will give you an opportunity to experience a number of specialties and determine how your interests, values, and skills fit with those specialties. There are also extracurricular opportunities for exploring specialties, such as specialty interest groups and student sections of medical specialty societies.

By the end of the third year, most students have chosen a specialty area (e.g., primary care, surgical care) or patient population (i.e., adults, children, or both) and begin preparing to apply for residency training to support that career direction. If you’re not confident in a career direction, you may choose to take time to complete research, complete a dual degree (e.g., MD-MPH), gain further clinical experience, or otherwise spend time exploring your career options prior to choosing your specialty and applying for residency.

Choosing your specialty and applying for residency are not solitary activities. Work actively with career advisors at your medical school and find mentors to help guide you. Also, once you're in medical school, you’ll likely have access to the AAMC  Careers in Medicine ®  website for more information and a detailed timeline (sign-in required).

How do I get licensed to practice medicine?

You’ll start the licensure process during the second year of medical school with the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 exam. Step 1 covers the sciences fundamental to the practice of medicine. The Step 2 exam, which measures clinical knowledge and skills, is usually completed during the third or fourth year of medical school. The final exam for initial licensure, Step 3, occurs during the first or second year of residency training, after you have completed medical school and received your medical degree.

Will my experience be the same at any medical school?

All medical schools share the goal of preparing their students for residency training and practicing medicine, and are required to adhere to national accreditation standards. However, each school has its own specific mission, curriculum, course format, and academic schedule. Before you apply to a school, research that school’s mission statement to see how it aligns with your own goals. Also review the graduation requirements, such as community service, research experience, and specific coursework. You can find this information on each school’s website or on the  Medical School Admission Requirements  website.

Who can I ask for help if I get overwhelmed?

It’s okay to admit you need help managing the stress that comes with being a med student. In fact, it’s completely normal to reach out to a faculty member, dean, mentor, counselor, or spiritual advisor when you’re feeling overwhelmed. Many medical students often cite the famous analogy that learning in medical school is like trying to drink from a fire hose. It sounds intense, but these same students also speak about learning new study techniques along the way that help them manage time better, integrate new knowledge, and excel as med students. Admitting that something is difficult, but doable, can really improve your outlook.

Rest assured that, yes, as a medical school student you are entering a demanding process, but every successful doctor was in your place at some point. Those anxious feelings are normal, temporary, and manageable.

Coronavirus COVID-19 Updates: uc.edu/publichealth

The UC College of Medicine—a Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) institution—is a top-40 medical school for research according to U.S. News and World Report.

About the Office

It is the College of Medicine Office of Research’s mission to elevate the research success of the CoM by empowering faculty with innovative and effective programs of support, recognition, and reward. Our vision is to build and sustain a vibrant community of biomedical researchers who boldly advance care and lifestyle improvement.

Our office manages all aspects of the support, recognition, and reward of the College’s research mission by investing in internal funding opportunities, recognition awards, scientific writing, grant pre-review, and grant support.  Besides the operational aspects of the research mission, the Office’s purview includes graduate education, research core infrastructure, clinical trials, medical student research, communication of research opportunities, and input to pre-and post-award activities.  Our office serves in the recruitment of research faculty, sets research goals, and tracks research metrics. We provide direction for the strategic research plan of the College and serve as representatives of the College’s research mission. 

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Featured researcher.

Gregory J Fermann

Department Chair

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Cindy D. Chang

Asst Professor - Clin Geo

Susan E. Waltz

Jeffrey R Strawn

Professor - Geo

Anthony Spuzzillo

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Brittany Marie Kasturiarachi

Nancy M. Daraiseh

Assoc Professor - Research Aff

John F Reichard

Asst Professor

Elizabeth E. Leenellett

Vice Chair - Academic Affairs & Inclusive Excellence Professor

Kamila Kamila Cuervo

Samir Sabharwal

Whitney Whitney Zingg

Chief Resident in General Surgery

Guo-Chang Fan

Jason T. Blackard

Pooja Khatri

Vice Chair and Division Director

Alberto Martini

Elizabeth A. Kelly

Vice Chair of Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology; Medical Director, Womens Community Health Services at University of Cincinnati Medical Center

Erik Arnold Bey

Sr Research Associate

Sripriya Nannu Shankar

Research at the college of medicine.

The UC College of Medicine—a Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) institution—is a top-40 medical school for research according to  U.S. News and World Report .

The college has made a commitment to:

• Creating impactful and sustainable biomedical research programs.
• Developing passionate and innovative research teams.
• Becoming a destination for clinical trials.
• Harnessing “big data” to be not just evidence-based, but also evidence-gathering.

Four institutes—operated jointly with UC Health and focused on cancer, neurosciences, cardiovascular disease and metabolic health—serve as the foundation for these commitments.

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Curriculum Reports

• Anatomy Resources
• Assessment Methods at Medical Schools
• Assessment of Professional Behavior
• Clerkship Assessment Methods for Clinical Knowledge and Skills
• Clerkships Most-Included Topics at Medical Schools
• Clerkship Night Call Requirements
• Clerkship Requirements by Discipline
• Clerkship Week Requirements by Curriculum Year
• Clinical Course Required Weeks by Discipline
• Combined Degrees or Early Acceptance Programs
• Community-based Faculty Recruitment and Retention Difficulties
• Content Documentation as Independent Course or Part of an Integrated Course
• COVID-19 Pandemic Changes to Curriculum
• Curriculum Change in Medical Schools
• Curriculum Topics in Required and Elective Courses at Medical School Programs
• Elective Extramural Maximum Weeks Reported for US Medical Students
• Elective Extramural Policies Reported by US Medical Schools
• Elective Extramural Weeks Reported for US Medical Students
• Entrustrable Professional Activities (EPAs) Language in Medical Schools’ Program Objectives
• Grading Systems Used in Medical School Programs
• Hours per Week Students Spend in Required Activities During the First and Second Years
• Instructional Methods Used by Medical Schools
• Instructional Methods Used to Teach Basic Science Disciplines
• International Electives
• Interprofessional Education Requirements at US Medical Schools
• Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships at US Medical Schools
• Mistreatments and Breaches of Professionalism Reporting in the Medical School Community
• NBME Subject Exam Requirements
• Opioid Addiction Content in Required Curriculum
• Pathway Programs at Medical School Programs
• Phase (Academic Level) Length and Distribution
• Physician Competency Reference Set (PCRS) Links To Schools’ Program Objectives

Research Requirement for Medical Students

• Regional Campus Expansion Plans at Medical School Programs
• Regional Campuses at Medical School Programs
• Regional Campuses at US Medical Schools by Curriculum Year
• Resources Used by Medical Schools
• Service Learning by Academic Level
• Simulation Center Use at Medical Schools
• Social Determinants for Health by Academic Level
• SP/OSCE Required Final Examinations
• Structure of Pre-Clerkship Curriculum
• Teaching Formats by Topic in Required Courses/Clerkships
• Transition to Residency Courses in Medical School Programs
• Ultrasound Use at US and Canadian Medical Schools
• USMLE Requirements by Component
• USMLE Requirements for Advancement/Promotion or Graduation
• USMLE Timing Requirements at US Medical Schools
• Veteran Care Instructional Methods
• Weeks of Elective Courses Available and Required at Medical School Programs
• Weeks of Instruction and Contact Hours Required in Medical School Programs
• Weeks of Instruction Required for the MD Degree

Data Source: Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) Annual Medical School Questionnaire Part II

Survey Item : In 2012-2013: A total of 49 medical schools have a research requirement for medical students. A total of 136 medical schools participated in the survey. In 2016-2017: A total of 62 medical schools have a research requirement for medical students. A total of 145 medical schools participated in the survey. Source : LCME Annual Medical School Questionnaire Part II, 2012-2013 and 2016-2017 through 2017-2018. The functionality of the chart may vary across devices and browsers.

Additional scholarship related to this data chart topic:

Academic Medicine   |  MedEdPORTAL   |  PubMed

50 Best Medical Schools for 2024 Top US Medical Colleges Ranked

Ready to start your journey.

Get a personalized list of degree programs that fit your needs.

Created on August 1, 2023 Updated: December 12, 2023

This is a good time for medical school applicants. The best medical schools are beefing up their diversity programs and are seeing record numbers of women and minority applicants.

Understanding Medical School Admissions

We’re glad to be part of your search and have provided information on 50 of the Best Medical Schools in the country. It’s impossible to describe all parts of a medical school’s degree programs, curriculum, and in depth research opportunities. However, this list will give you an overview of each school’s academic and research endeavors.

Medical school admission is competitive. Currently, there are 156 accredited medical schools in the US that are seeing a record number of students applying ( AAMC ). Medical schools offer far more than a Doctor of Medicine degree. Many offer PhD and masters degrees in basic science, clinical, and research studies.

Methodology for How College Consensus Ranked the Best Medical Colleges

To create our ranking of the Best Medical Schools we averaged the results of the five most respected medical school ranking systems to come up with a Consensus Score for each school. Schools were then ranked from highest to lowest Consensus Score. This approach allows us to create a medical school meta-ranking, revealing the best of the best schools. Only medical schools in the US were considered. Data for this year’s ranking comes from the following national published rankings:

• U.S. News & World Report
• QS World University Rankings
• Shanghai Ranking
• Times Higher Education World University Rankings

Recommended Online Programs

Explore our featured online programs to find the right match for you today.

Harvard University Cambridge, MA

With a faculty exceeding 12,000, Harvard Medical School at Harvard University provides education and training for physicians, research PhD, masters, and postgraduate programs . The school also offers medical executive education for business professionals (MBA), as well as, online certification coursework.

Research opportunities exist in a variety of medical fields, including genetics, immunology, stem cell regenerative biology, and neurobiology. Clinical and research affiliations are represented by some of the nation’s most distinguished centers. These include the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and also Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

Admission to H arvard Medical School is highly competitive. However, approximately 70% of HMS students receive financial aid with an average scholarship of around $59,500 for eligible students seeking a medical degree.

Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD

Additionally, its dual medical and combination degrees allow students to expand their studies into areas of public health, medical science, and administrative business of medicine. This top medical school has a graduate Medical Education that offers residencies and fellowships in numerous clinical areas. Furthermore, the Medical School is committed to inclusivity and has a dedicated Office of Medical Student Diversity. Global health benefits from a diverse community. So JHSM encourages qualified international students from other countries who want to study medicine to apply.

A robust research commitment at JHSM features 902 research laboratories and an alumni and faculty that holds over 2,200 patents. Affiliated institutes that work with JHMS research and investigate brain science, biomedical sciences, genetics, and also cell engineering.

Stanford University Stanford, CA

The Stanford University School of Medicine offers seven, dual degree programs including masters studies in public health, medical science, business, law, and others. Admission to the medical school is holistic and determined by 15 Core Competencies in four areas of Science, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Thinking & Reasoning.

Faculty at Stanford University include seven current Nobel Prize winners and substantial membership in the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Medicine. With laboratories and affiliated institutes, research at Stanford has the highest NIH funding level per researcher in the country. Research spans studies from basic science to disease-specific clinical trials. Stanford University also offers community-based training and research, population health, and global research and design innovation.

University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA

The University of Pennsylvania is home to the country’s oldest school of medicine (est.1765) and teaching hospital. Now known as the Perelman School of Medicine (PSM), the school concentrates on education, research, and patient care.

Medical students study an evidence-based curriculum emphasizing instruction in small groups to enhance interaction and self-directed learning. PSM offers combined degree MD programs with PhD (MSTP), MBA, Master of Law, Master in Public Health, and more. Research and Fellowship options are available.

Research is a crucial part of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and it’s affiliated with six acute care facilities and students earn experience working in free community clinics and other outreach programs. The medical school has 36 free-standing, interdisciplinary clinics in oncology, immunotherapy, diabetes, geriatric, cardiology, neurology, organ transplant, and more. Research funding is a staggering $891 million.

Columbia University in the City of New York New York, NY

Students participate and run clinics in underserved communities in the university’s Washington Heights area as well as the  Columbia-Bassett track in a mostly rural population. VP&S utilizes state of the art simulation centers where you’ll gain experience with equipment, procedures, and patient-interaction with skilled actors in a variety of physician-patient scenarios.

The school is known for its research and development, receiving over $622 million in NIH funding and its faculty includes 3 Nobel Laureates, Howard Hughes Medical Institute: Faculty Scholars, National Academy of Medicine Members, and more.

University of California-Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA

Medical students have a choice of MD degree concentrations at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine with its HEALS curriculum. The school also provides a dual MD/Medical Scientist Training Program , a five-year MD+Masters, and the UCLA/Charles R. Drew Medical Education Program MD dedicated to having an impact on medically underserved communities.

US News and World Report also rank the SOM in its top medical research programs in the country. Faculty investigators conduct trials in a wide array specialties including genetic diseases, endocrine and metabolic, cancer, infectious disease, pediatric, genetic diseases, and several others. The research efforts encourage student participation and the institution provides several funding opportunities.

Yale University New Haven, CT

The school uses the “Yale System of Medical Education” (developed in 1920), which centers on no grades/rankings in the first two years, few examinations, and the encouragement of independent investigation. Yale offers several medical degrees, PhD and Masters programs. Educational departments range from Anesthesiology to Urology and all specialties in between. Furthermore, Yale has the finest medical library in the world with over 380,000 volumes.

Yale has a robust clinical investigation commitment and was on the forefront of COVID-19 vaccine trials in adults and children. Basic and Transitional Research faculty has received over 1,300 patents and ranks high in NIH funding. Faculty includes 3 Nobel Prize winners, Lasker Award winners, MacArthur Genius Grant recipients, and more.

Duke University Durham, NC

The Duke School of Medicine has an impressive offering of health professions training in the areas of medicine. Graduate students can enroll in the Doctor of Physical Therapy, Masters in Biomedicine, Occupational Therapy Doctorate, and also the Master of Science Training Program (MSTP). Additionally, the university offers unique international experiences through the Duke-NUS Medical School , and collaborations with Duke Global Health Institute and Duke Kunshan University . The MD program is divided into Pre-Clerkship (1st Year), Clerkship (2nd Year), and  Research (3rd & 4th Year). Classes in year one cover basic sciences and the second year is clinical foundation experiences. During the last two years, students take advanced clinicals and an 8-month mentored research activity.

Long known for its clinical research successes, the Duke School of Medicine receives substantial NIH funding. It has conducted over 2,300 active clinical studies with over 17,000 enrolled patients. Duke has a strong commitment with community initiatives ranging from neighborhood clinics and also healthcare projects.

New York University New York, NY

With 29 academic departments, the University of New York has been training physicians since 1841 and enjoys a national and global reputation. Committed to a multidisciplinary approach to medical training, NYU in 2013, created the Institute of Innovations in Medical Education.  Dedicated to improving medical education models, the institute developed an accelerated three-year MD  as well as a four and five year dual MD/MS degrees .

Over 1,300 medical fellows and residents provide patient care across more than 156 different residency and training opportunities. Additionally, the school has supported leading-edge medical research for over 175 years and its faculty researchers include four Nobel Prize winners, four Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators, and twelve National Academy of Sciences scientists.

Washington University in St Louis Saint Louis, MO

In addition to the medical education program, WashU School of Medicine provides quality education in the fields of physical therapy and occupational therapy, and audiology and communication sciences. Over 1,200 residents and fellows train in close to 200 specialty and subspecialty areas. Clinical rotations are conducted with faculty in several of the school’s affiliated teaching hospitals in the Saint Louis Missouri area, including Shriners Hospital for Children-St. Louis and the Rehabilitation Institute of St. Louis.

The development of the  Division of Physician-Scientists  demonstrates the school’s commitment to research. Besides clinical trials participation, the school has developed groundbreaking work in areas of genetic testing, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, and oncology among them.

University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA

You can choose from  five clinical pathways developed to meet specific career goals. The pathways provide the opportunity to arrange courses and clinical rotations for work concentrating on particular populations. The unique WWAMI partnership has led to an innovative approach providing mentors for students in areas such as patient care as well as clinical skills.

UW Medicine supports vigorous, interdisciplinary, collaborative, and clinical research programs conducted by an award winning faculty. Faculty members include recipients of Gardiner, Nobel, Lasker awards and membership in the National Academy of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and National Academy of Sciences.

Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, NY

Students can earn a Doctor of Medicine degree as well as opt for a joint degree. Weill Cornell Medicine participates in a  Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program in collaboration with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and The Rockefeller University to train future researchers. The WCM has options in PhD programs in biomedicine as well as business administration. Graduate studies in biomedical science, computational biology, physician assistance, and public health are also offered.

WCM has an admirable grouping of medical centers and institutes dedicated to studies in Vascular Biology, Hepatitis C, Brain and Mind Disease, Stem Cell, Cardiovascular, and several others. Additionally, WCM has core research facilities   as well as shared facilities with other research studies located in the vibrant Upper East Side Medical Research Corridor.

University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI

A student-oriented medical curriculum provides for smaller group learning and collaboration and introduces you to clinical participation within the first month of study. The aim is to provide you a systems-based science curriculum, professional growth working with mentors, vigorous clinical setting education, as well as a healthy life balance.

This School of Medicine has a remarkable $1.58 billion investment in medical and scientific research making it the top public university with such a commitment.  U.S. News and World Report  ranks 12 of the school’s medical specialty and sub-specialty programs in its 2022 Best Graduate Schools categories.

University of Pittsburgh-Pittsburgh Campus Pittsburgh, PA

Among the available degrees are the MD , the   Clinical Scientist Training Program (CSTP) , and a multidisciplinary MPH. Students can also enroll in the Physician Science Training Program which is a collaborative effort between UPitt and Carnegie Mellon University. Several additional educational opportunities are offered in Clinical Research, Medicine & Bioethics, Medical Grand Rounds, and others.

US News and World Report regards UPSOM as one of the top, national schools for medical research and primary care training. The school has a robust investigational commitment with numerous, ongoing clinical studies and a unique student opportunity in research. For example, the Longitudinal Research Project (LRP)  allows students to work with faculty mentors on research projects throughout their four years of study.

Northwestern University Evanston, IL

The medical training at Feinberg SOM encompasses medicine, physical therapy, physician assistant, and also prosthetics-orthopedics. Among the doctorate degrees are the Medical Scientist Training Program and Neuroscience. Some of the available masters degrees are in areas such as Biostatistics, Genetic Counseling, and also Public Health.

Feinberg SOM has a substantial commitment to Basic, Clinical, and Transitional Research areas. It receives over $610 million in NIH research funding and has more than a quarter of a million enrolled patients in 4,500 clinical trials. Research is also conducted in Public Health and community engagement research to better understand and address healthcare and real world challenges.

University of Chicago Chicago, IL

Pritzker School of Medicine offers a range of medical and healthcare academic tracks including studies in Medical Education , Community Health, Basic Transitional Sciences, Clinical Research, Healthcare Delivery Services, Health Services and Data Science, and also Global Health. Four dual degrees are awarded in addition to the MD.

Approximately, 90% of medical students work in one of the 5 student-run free community clinics. Research opportunities for students exist through a summer research program, providing opportunities to work alongside faculty members in basic sciences, translational, or clinical studies. Numerous other research programs are available.

Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN

Vanderbilt’s medical curriculum focuses on core sciences. But it also pays attention to the students overall experience, communication skills, and cultural considerations. The school offers not only an MD, but a unique Medical Innovators Development Program,  MD/PhD (Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), as well as an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery MD. Vanderbilt also provides an Interprofessional Learning Program  which emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of medicine.

Medical research is a critical part of Vanderbilt’s mission and the school’s Basic Sciences Department  has been on the forefront of discovery and innovation. The school is in the top research universities to consistently receive NIH funding.

University of California-San Diego La Jolla, CA

This school has a commitment to the medically underserved and is proud that around a quarter of each class are members of underrepresented groups in medicine. Additionally, UCSD supports students by providing iPads and developing professional skills through interactional training. It also offers Standardized or Simulated Patients (SPs) for training using simulations at its Simulation Training Center.

UCSD medical students can choose to combine a MD with other fields of study with numerous options for dual degrees . Basic and clinical research is also a critical part of the medical school’s mission. UC San Diego SOM is one of the top public schools receiving NIH research funding and is in the top schools with intensive research programs as ranked by US News and World Report.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY

In addition to the MD, there are three PhD degree programs in Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research, and also Neuroscience Studies. The Biomedical Sciences PhD offers six Multidisciplinary Training Areas (MTA) thesis options. You can choose from dual degree and specialty programs such as the MD/PhD with the Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), MSW/MPH, or the MD/MPH. The school also provides unique programs such as the Global Health Scholars Program, Primary Care Scholars Program, and the Physician Scholars Program.

ISMSS supports groundbreaking, original research and receives over $400 million in NIH research funding. Research projects include epidemiology, translational research, clinical trials, technology, and more.

Boston University Boston, MA

Through clinical lectures, self-directed learning, small groups seminars, and patient contact beginning in the first year, students develop both clinical skills and foundational knowledge. Among the 33 medical centers with whom BUSOM is affiliated are Boston Medical Center , Boston Children’s Hospital , Bournewood Psychiatric Hospital , and also local veterans hospitals.

The school has 28 basic science and clinical science departments that support vigorous biomedical research and 19 research centers and facilities.  US News and World Report ranks BUSOM in its Best US Research Medical Schools.

Emory University Atlanta, GA

You can earn a MD degree, Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)  or choose from dual degree opportunities in public health, business administration, and bioethics. A Master of Science Anesthesiology (MMSc) degree is available as is a MMSc degrees in Emory’s Physician Assistant and others. Emory supports one of the largest medical training programs in the country with over 1,300 residents in a range of specialties, 100+ fellowship opportunities, and first-year positions.

Research centers  affiliated with this school are second to none, with studies conducted in AIDS, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Antibiotic Resistance, Translational Social Neuroscience, and more. The school is renowned for its research in brain studies, infectious diseases, pediatrics, oncology, geriatrics, and others. Ranking in the NIH top 15 in funding, research is currently conducting over 1,200 clinical trials.

Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX

In addition to the MD program at BCM, students can opt to enter the dual degree programs in MD/PhD (Medical Scientist Training Program), MD/MBA, MD/MP, and a MD/JD. BCM has a significant array of PhD offerings through the Baylor College of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Other healthcare degrees include Doctor of Nursing Practice, Physician Assistant, and also Doctor of Nursing Practice Program-Nurse Anesthesia

BCM enjoys an international reputation for its cutting edge research programs in Cell Biology, Molecular Biology & Genetics, and also Gastroenterology & Hepatology. Additionally, US News and World Report rank it in their Best Global Universities. The school receives significant research funding from the NIH as well as private, sponsor awards each year.

Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH

As with other medical schools, CWR SOM offers not only a MD degree program, but dual degrees of MD/MSTP and PhD and Masters Programs in areas of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Biochemistry, Anesthesia, and also Bioethics.

Medical research is at the core of CWR SOM’s mission to advance healthcare through education and scientific discovery. Reaching across five institutions, the school supports over 30 basic as well as clinical research areas and receives NIH and other supportive, research funding in pediatrics, oncology, neurology, urology, and radiology. The school has an imposing roster of renowned faculty. It includes Nobel Prize winners for their groundbreaking discoveries in diabetes, polio, DNA technology, development of MRI technology, and others.

University of California-San Francisco San Francisco, CA

Additionally, the University of California San Francisco SOM offers the Bridges Curriculum to train 21st century physicians. The MD program has an innovative curriculum developed around seven competencies of medical knowledge, patient care, evidenced-based learning, systems-based practice, communication skills, professionalism, and professional collaboration. Students must meet these competency goals to progress through the program. Other specialty curricula includes Doctor of Physical Therapy and a research based PhD in Rehabilitation Science.

Research is a core value for this school, with 18 departments receiving Top 10 NIH funding in 2018. Five of those departments earned a ranking #1 and twelve in the top five in NIH support and, overall, the school received $1.45 billion in funding from all sources. UCSF SOM also offers the  Physician-Scientist Scholars Program (PSSP) .

University of Virginia-Main Campus Charlottesville, VA

Medical education at this school includes the MD degree, but also many other fields. Students can earn a PhD in a wide range of Biomedical Sciences including Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cell Biology, and also Neuroscience. The school also awards a Master of Public Health (MPH) and a Master of Science in Clinical Research (MSCR) . Over 800 students and fellows have the opportunity to train in various specialties and subspecialties through UVA’s Graduate Medical Education.

UVA SOM has a vibrant research program in a variety of affiliated centers. The institution studies cancer, lupus, Covid vaccines, and Parkinson’s disease. And it is considered one of the nation’s Top Centers in Biomedical Research by the Hartwell Foundation. UVA SOM receives over $140 million in NIH funding and $23 million for the statewide integrated Translational Health Research Institute of Virginia (iTHRIV).

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Rochester, MN

Globally recognized for its research programs, this medical school ranks in the top schools in the nation for research by US News and World Report. The school offers over 400 programs exploring the entirety of the medical fields in surgery, health sciences, and medicine. You can choose from the MD study or one of the eight MD-PhD tracks in the Medical Science Training Program (MSTP) program (available on three campuses).

The research reputation of the Mayo Clinic is unparalleled. Specialties are in areas such as Neuroscience, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Virology and Gene Therapy, and also Biomedical Engineering and Physiology.

University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis, MN

You can earn a MD, a joint MD/PhD degree, or a PhD or MS in one of 10 graduate programs in Biomedical Sciences. All Biomedical Sciences PhD programs provide complete financial assistance  that include a stipend, tuition, and benefits. In excess of 120 residency and fellowship programs are available in specialties such as Emergency Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and also Surgery.

With high levels of NIH research funding, research studies at MMS include premiere studies in transplantations of kidney, bone marrow, and pancreas. The first cardiac pacemaker was implanted as a result of MMS clinical research. Researchers also helped to develop evidence-based medical options for COVID-19.

Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR

Located in the Oregon city of Portland, OHSU has seven programs covering a range of medical education. Among the academic and training programs are the MD in Primary Care and dual degree options and specialty opportunities. Degrees include a dual MD/PhD, MD/MPH, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS), MD/Physician Scientist, and also Pathology Year Experience. The Oregon FIRST program specially addresses the issues of Oregon’s medically underserved population.

OHSU’s collaborative regional research studies have garnered $384 million in research funding and national recognition in professional journals. Among the innovations originating from OHSU research was the first West Nile virus vaccine, genetic therapies for eye conditions, and also creation of the first successful artificial heart value.

University of California-Irvine Irvine, CA

In addition to the primary MD degree, you have the option to earn a MD/PhD in Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), MD/MPH, MD/MBA in collaboration with UCI’s Paul Merage School of Business, or the MS in Biomedical and Translational Science (MS BATS). UCI supports almost 700 residents and fellowships in its 64 accredited programs that represents the majority of medical specialties and subspecialties.

UCI has robust research programs in 11 specialties and is active in basic science, clinical and translational research studies. In 2021, the school received a record $592 million in NIH funding to support investigational studies. The School of Medicine’s nearly 700 faculty collaborate in primary research areas in a variety of diseases, conditions and innovations.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC

UNC offers an MD degree, as well as PhD, Medical Science Masters, and Allied Health programs. Students can can earn a dual degree in MD/PhD, MD/MPH. or MD/MBA. The School of Medicine also supports PhD and M.S. programs in some of the top Allied Health medical careers in: Clinical Rehabilitation and Mental Health Counseling, Physician Assistant Studies, Clinical Laboratory Science, Physical Therapy, and also Radiologic Science.

It’s hard to find a school with as strong of a research commitment than UNC. On an annual basis, the school receives more than $1 billion in research funding, with most of its research conducted in Chapel Hill. The school also ranks high in the US for federal research funding. Research faculty includes two Nobel Laureates as well as members of national societies and medical academies.

University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA

Students have three degree options with this program, in medicine (MD), Masters/PhD, and Post Doctoral. The four-year MD program concentrates on basic science and clinical studies in close association with faculty. PhD studies span across the biomedical spectrum including Cancer Biology and Genomics, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and also Pathogenesis. Additionally, the MS degrees are available in Health and Biomedical Sciences, with some of the programs are offered online.

Research reaches over 26 academic departments and 30 research centers and institutes. Keck School of Medicine received $350 million in research grant monies. Ongoing studies are conducted in several signature programs  with clinical investigations in cancer, biomedical imaging, cardiovascular and lung diseases. Six departments make up 10% in national NIH funding.

Brown University Providence, RI

Degree options at the Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School include medical studies in primary care. But additional disciplines include Primary Care Population Medicine (PC-PM) in its MD/ScM dual degree. You can also train as a Physician-Scientist in the MD/PhD studies in areas in Pathobiology, Biotechnology, Neuroscience, Ecology, Evolution, and also Organismal Biology.

Warren Alpert Medical School has been growing in the clinical research area, having grown 109% in outside funding since 2013. While, perhaps, not as much as other schools BAMS and its affiliated hospitals have received over $200 million in NIH funds. The Brown Institute for Translational Science (BITS) focuses on critical issues in healthcare and accelerating information into quality patient care. The school supports 11 research centers investigating in a wide geographic area.

Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School

University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus Denver, CO

In partnership with Colorado State University, UC opened a medical school branch in Fort Collins. The revised, Longitudinal Curriculum, includes elective track options in research, global, or rural health. Joint degrees exist in a Medical Scientist Training Program, MD/MBA, MD/MPH, and also MD/MS in Bioengineering. PhD programs are available in Biomedical Sciences, and a Doctor of Physical Therapy. The program has Residency and Fellowship opportunities as well.

You’ll find substantial research studies at UC SOM in numerous categories. Among the active investigations are studies in hematology, oncology, infectious diseases, pain and inflammation, genetics, and many more.

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine

University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Worcester, MA

Additional degrees are available are a dual MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program which is a collaboration between the UMass Chan Medical School and Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. The school has a program in Population-Based Urban and Rural Community Health (PURCH) dedicated to addressing health for the underserved urban and rural populations. A dual MD/MBA degree is also available and is a joint effort with UMass Lowell.

This school has a very robust research commitment with ongoing research in nearly all departments with an impressive roster of programs, institutes, and centers. With $254 million per year in funding, UMass Chan Medical School research efforts include a Noble Laureate, five Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators, and two members of the National Academy of Sciences.

University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT

This method is used in the school’s dual MD/PhD, MD/MSPH, MD/MPH, or MD/MBA degrees. Residency and Fellowship programs are available in numerous specialties. You can also received a degree through the MS in Laboratory Science focusing on laboratory science and medical science offered in either a biomedical research or clinical tracks.

This is the only academic medical center in the Mountain West area and its research efforts  extend to clinical trials as well as research studies in genetics, ophthalmology, oncology, cardiovascular, among others. The innovative research program receives nearly $246 million on an annual basis in support.

University of Rochester Rochester, NY

Offering Medical Education, this school utilizes the Double Helix Curriculum—Translations and Transitions for its MD and MD/PhD (MSTP) students. This methods emphasizes a Biophysical Model of collaboration, technology, and also professionalism. URSMD has more than 30 PhD and Masters degrees in health sciences and biomedical training. The school’s Master in Public Health (MPH) is offered on-campus and online hybrid. You may also complete your Residency or Fellowship in one of the school’s eighty medical, surgical, or hospital disciplines.

More than 3,000 professionals are engaged in investigational studies in neuroscience, pediatrics, RNA biology, cancer, orthopedics, immunity and infection. Almost 700 graduate students and postdoctoral students are in training for research.

University of Iowa Iowa City, IA

UI’s medical college offers over 15 professional degrees. Among the degrees are a MD , MD/PhD (MSTP), PhD (Biomedical Science or Physical Rehabilitation Science), and combined degrees in MD/MBA in partnership with UI Tippie College of Business, and a MD/JD in collaboration with the UI College of Law. Carver College of Medicine also partners with UI’s College of Public Health a MD/MPH. There is also a Master of Physician Assistant Studies (MPAS), masters studies in Clinical Nutrition, along with other Professional Training Programs.

Iowa University receives over $240 million in external research funding. The medical school supports multiple institutes and research centers in an array of medical areas as gene therapy, macular degeneration, oncology, etc. Carver Medical School has a robust clinical trials program, as well.

University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI

UWM offers options of choosing your medical career path with a MD and a Medical Scientist Training Program MD/PhD degree as well as a MD/MPH. The school also provides several MS/PhD degrees in a range of scientific studies. Other professional career training is available in physical therapy (DPT), a stand alone public health degree (MPH), physician assistant studies (MPAS), or genetic counseling (MGCS). Two special programs are available with the Wisconsin Academy for Rural Medicine (WARM) and the Training in Urban Medicine and Public Health (TRIUMPH) dedicated to training for medical service in rural and underserved communities.

You’ll find a vigorous research program at this school with a history of innovation in basic science, clinical, and public health science studies. With a research history that includes three Nobel Laureates, studies at UWM are generously funded.

University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL

The UAB Heersink School of Medicine (HSM) provides programs for students interested in a primary care track , rural medicine , and dual MD/PhD degrees  in Medical Scientist Training Program, business administration and Public Health. The school has a unique Blaze to MD Program  for students who show promise to succeed in medical school, but need additional basic sciences preparation. Participation in the Blaze Program is made through the regular medical school admission process, with no additional application needed.

Students are given research opportunities beginning in the summer of their first year. The HSM research endeavors are supported by $256 million in NIH funding and ranks #8 among public schools receiving NIH research grants. Research areas include genomics, basic science, informatics, population health and disparities, and inflammation/infection/immunity.

University of Cincinnati-Main Campus Cincinnati, OH

UC offers medical students primary care medical education as well as residencies and fellowships opportunities in various specialties. Several PhD degrees are part of the academic program in biomedical sciences, environmental and industrial hygiene, genetics, and also epidemiology. And a MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program is a collaborative effort between UC’s College of Medicine and Cincinnati’s Children’s Hospital Medical Center.

Medical research at UC is considered in the top 40 of medical schools for research. The school supports four institutes for research in cancer, metabolic health, cardiovascular disease, and neurosciences. Additionally, UC College of Medicine receives NIH funding of over $130 million in research grants and contract holdings.

University of Florida Gainesville, FL

Medical education at UF COM includes both a U.S. News and World Report’s  top ranked MD degree in over 100 medical general, specialties and subspecialties. as well as a MD/PhD or MS in biomedical science. The College of Medicine also provides a Physician Assistant program. Students can enroll in Masters and PhD programs through the College of Medicine. Vigorous Residency and Fellowship opportunities in a wealth of specialties from Anesthesia to Urology.

UF COM has an active, nationally recognized research arm and is one of the top public research institutions in the country. The school has a collaborative study in Alzheimer’s disease with Mount Sinai Hospital, diabetes, muscular dystrophy, chronic pancreatitis, cancer, and diabetes, among the investigations. UF supports 9 research institutes concentrating on genetics, aging, brain and neurological, cancer, and more.

Georgetown University Washington, DC

A bit unconventional, when compared to some medical schools, the curriculum at Georgetown is a Journeys  Curriculum  with three phases: Foundational, Core Clinical, and Advanced Clinical. The first and second year Foundational phase introduces scientific foundations and patient care, along with anatomical studies. The third year of study involves clinical  Clerkships  with the fourth year dedicated to two Acting Internships (one required, one selective).

Biomedical research at Georgetown covers over 20 institutes and centers, 6 basic science departments 19 clinical departments. Research at Georgetown Medical Schools concentrates around four research areas: cancer, population health, global health, and mind and brain. Students are able to conduct research at any level of their education.

University of California-Davis Davis, CA

Several degree options are available in the Doctor of Medicine featuring a revised curriculum known as the I-EXPLORE ( I ntegrated Ex plorative P atient and L earner OR iented E ducation) which has its foundation in Biomedical Science, Clinical, and Health Systems studies. A dual degree is available in a fully funded MD/PhD for students who demonstrate a commitment to basic and clinical research. Students in this program are fully funded. The MD/MPH is an interdisciplinary degree partnership with various UC Davis schools as well as departments of public health and nonprofit agencies. Stand alone masters programs include Health Informatics and Public Health.

The school received over $315 million in research funding. UC Davis SOM has ongoing studies in its Stem Cell Program, Clinical and Translational Science, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and also Alzheimer’s Disease Center. Medical Students have research opportunities  available through independent study, summer experience, and mentorships.

University of Miami Coral Gables, FL

Students can choose from a MD/MPH, a MD/JD offered in partnership with UM’s School of Law, and an MD/MBA with UM’s Herbert Business School. If genomics is your interest, you could earn a MD/MS in Genomic Medicine. Uniquely, this medical school also awards degrees in MD/MA in International Administration using academic and theoretical studies. This degree looks at security problems and emergency management strategies. A MD/MA in Medical Humanities and Bioethics focusing on the historical, ethical, legal, as well as cultural contexts of medicine is offered.

Through its Research Departments, UM SOM supports discoveries in its institutes and research centers. With Clinical and Translational Research, Basic Science Research, and has several, active Clinical Trials  programs.

Tufts University Medford, MA

Tufts has an impressive catalog of academic programs featuring programs in the Doctor of Medicine  and the Maine Track MD. The Maine Track is a unique degree for students whose home is in Maine and it concentrates on rural medicine with an immersive experience for students. There is also a MD/MSTP option for students with a strong research interest. Additionally, there are six PhD degrees in biomedical science in areas of Genetics, Immunology, Neuroscience, Molecular Microbiology, and also Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology. The school also offers a MPH and an online MS in Health Informatics and Analytics.

With seven research areas, Tufts has a strong commitment to research and sponsors four biomedical research labs and several centers in a variety of clinical areas. Five Core Research Facilities round out the department.

Dartmouth College Hanover, NH

Geisel awards six degrees covering the spectrum in biomedical, public health, and health research. You can earn an MD which offers first year simulated clinical experiences, a MD/PhD designed to train the physician-scientist, and a highly competitive MD/MBA. Also an MPH/MS through The Dartmouth Institute is offered and a MS/PhD through the Frank J. Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced studies. The PhD/MS in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences (QBS) blends health care, biomedicine, biostatistics, big data, and population health.

As with other medical schools of this caliber, basic science research plays an important role in the Geisel School of Medicine as does Primary Care research . The Geisel School of Medicine counts numerous institutes and centers in its clinical and research commitment.

University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD

While more than half of the school’s students pursue the MD degree, UM SOM also offers dual degrees. Students can choose from a MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program and a MD/MPH. The SOM has a dedication to allied health professions through its graduate program in Life Sciences which features PhD and MS studies in several areas. Some areas of study include Epidemiology and Human Genetics, Neuroscience, Physical Rehabilitation Science, and also Biochemistry.

The school boasts state-of-the-art research facilities covering nearly 2.5 million square feet. Additionally, its over $550  million in research funding and 3,500 faculty mean the research focus of the school is formidable. Investigative concentrations in patient-oriented studies include studies in Cardiovascular, Stem Cell Research, Genomics, Cancer, Global Health and Vaccinology, and Basic Sciences. Clinical Trials are provided through the  General Clinical Research Center (GCRC)

Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC

The MD program features an advanced curriculum ( Wake Ready!) which emphasizes an individualized learning approach and introduces clinical experience early and continued throughout the program. WF SOM established in 1969, offers a Physician Assistant Program students can complete in 24 months. Over 700 residents and fellows participate in the in 99 accredited and unaccredited Residency and Fellowships in hospitals, clinics, and primary or specialty care. Medical education at WF SOM includes Biomedical graduate program degrees such as PhD programs in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology PhD, and Biomedical Engineering PhD and MS as well as many others.

Medical Research is robust and covers a wide range of investigational areas. With 16 Institutes and Centers, researchers work in oncology, cardiovascular, pediatric trauma, geriatrics, etc. WF has an enviable, institutionally shared resources infrastructure and ongoing clinical trials . The WF faculty interests range from basic science, preclinical, and clinical researchers.

University of South Florida Tampa, FL

USF’s college of medicine offers three options for a MD. The MD Core which is an integrated curriculum in basic science and clinical experiences which are introduced early in your studies. If your interests are in becoming a physician leader, you’ll want to explore the schools SELECT program (Scholarly Excellence. Leadership Experiences. Collaborative Training.) You can also choose the MD/PhD program designed for the future physician-scientist. Also offered are studies in the Physician Assistant Program, MS or PhD in Medical Engineering in conjunction with USF College of Engineering, and Residencies and Fellowships. Additionally, the medical school has an Athletic Training Program.

If research is your goal, the Morsani College of Medicine is active in research studies in basic sciences, translational, and clinical investigations. The school encourages collaboration between departments and around 95% of medical students conduct research.

Indiana University School of Medicine Bloomington, IN

The four-year medical degree emphasizes clinical training. It integrates clinical practice with basic science studies in the first two years with the third and fourth years exclusively concentrating on clinical experiences. The required third year clerkships are clinical rotations in a variety of specialties. Dual degrees are available to pair your MD with a PhD in the Medical Science Training Program (MSTP), masters degrees in business administration, public health, biomedicine, or MS or MA studies in bioethics. Recognizing the stress medical students may have, IU offers free mental health and counseling services to all students, residents, or fellows on each IU campus.

IUSOM covers all the bases in  medical research  with its basic and clinical departments, institutes, research centers, and clinical trials. The research program at Indiana University receives funding from the National Institute on Aging and the US Departments of Pediatrics. It also receives over $200 million in NIH funding.

What Degree Do You Earn in Medical School?

There are two types of doctors or physicians, with similar degrees, a Medical Doctor (MD) and a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) . Both use the same methods of treatment, including drugs and surgery. But DOs place additional emphasis on the body’s musculoskeletal system, preventive medicine, and holistic or whole-person patient care. DOs are most likely to be primary care physicians, although they work in all specialties.

In the United States, medical school students who complete their studies typically receive a Doctor of Medicine (MD). Some doctors earn a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree. No specific undergraduate degree is required to enter an MD or DO program. However, many schools require certain classes such as biology, biotechnology , physical science, or healthcare and related fields.

What Do Physicians and Surgeons Do?

Physicians and surgeons diagnose and treat injuries or illnesses and address health maintenance. They examine patients, take medical histories, prescribe medications, and perform diagnostic tests. Additionally, doctors counsel patients on diet, hygiene, and preventive healthcare. In contrast, surgeons operate on patients to treat injuries, such as broken bones. Operations may also be to treat diseases like removing cancerous tumors or to improve deformities.

What’s the Difference Between a Primary Care Medical School and a Research Medical School?

The days of medical schools only training physicians with some research study is a relic of the past. Today’s medical schools are multifaceted in their degree and program offerings. As you’ve seen with this ranking, schools train students as primary care physicians, but also extend the MD to add a PhD or Masters in ancillary areas. Popular dual degrees include business administration (MD/MBA), law (MD/JD), or training as a physician-scientist (MSTP). Some medical schools include public health, nursing, physician assistant, and other health professions under their educational umbrella.

Most medical schools offer primary care physician education and scientific research investigation opportunities for students. It may be more difficult to get into a research-focused medical school. However, if you have a deep scientific interest in cutting-edge medicine, technology, or development, you may want to find the best medical school with a strong research program.

What is the difference between a medical school and a medical college? Medical schools and medical colleges are the same thing. The only difference is the verbiage. 

What are Popular Medical School Specialties?

Med school can be a highly specialized field , which means that studying for a profession in medicine requires a great deal of dedication and hard work . Upon entrance into medical school , students can choose to specialize in many areas of medicine , such as emergency medicine , surgery , neurolog y , or an esthes iology . Cho osing a specialty can allow medical students to gain the knowledge and skills necessary to be successful in a certain area of medicine, and it can provide an opportunity to focus on specific interests or objectives .

Anesthesiology 

This specialty focuses on managing patients’ pain and administering anesthesia during surgery. 

Emergency Medicine

Emergency medicine and critical care doctors provide urgent care to patients who have an illness or injury. 

Obstetrics & Gynecology

An OBGYN specialty focuses on providing care to women during pregnancy, delivery, and the post-partum period, as well as treating diseases of the female reproductive system. 

This specialty focuses on analyzing laboratory tests and tissue samples to diagnose disease.

Primary Care

The primary care specialty focuses on providing primary care such as preventative care, diagnosis, and treatment of illnesses. Examples include Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics. 

Doctors with a Psyche focus treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Examples include anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder. 

This specialty focuses on using imaging technologies such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs to diagnose and treat illnesses and injuries. 

Surgeons perform operations on patients to treat diseases and injuries. Examples include general surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, and plastic surgery. 

What Kinds of Factors Make Med Schools Rank High?

One of the most recognized ranking services, the US News and World Report, looks at a variety of factors. Its program surveys rely in part on self-reported data from the schools. Among those are quality and peer assessments, student admission standards, acceptance rates, average GPA and MCAT scores, faculty qualifications, and resources. Tuition costs and graduation rates are also a factor when looking for the top medical schools. Research intensive medical schools are reviewed for funding levels and faculty accomplishments, as well as studies being conducted.

Increasingly, diversity and inclusion rates are considered in a medical school’s overall ranking. Race and gender have become an important factors in a school’s ranking as medical schools work to include students more representative of the country’s population.

How Long is Medical School?

Attending medical school is, in itself, only four years in length. But graduating from a top medical school is step one in the process of becoming a physician. All medical schools offer the MD Primary Care degree which includes two years of clinical rotations. However, before you can practice medicine, you’ll complete three to seven years of a residency program. If you pursue a specialty or subspecialty, you’ll need more residency and fellowship participation. So, the overall time commitment can extend to 7-10+ years.

Medical students are also required to take the three part United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) to become a licensed physician. The USMLE is commonly referred to as the medical “boards” and all states require you have a license and also meet the individual state’s licensing requirements.

This ranking concentrates on top medical schools awarding the MD. But, students can also choose to earn a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) from an osteopathic medical school. Osteopathic medicine takes a more holistic approach to patient care, or the mind-body-spirit connection. DOs take the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX-USA) .

What are the Basic Medical School Admission Requirements?

Med school students currently apply to an average of 16 schools using the American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) . The average GPA and MCAT scores for med schools applicants varies by school. But overall, recent medical school students who applied and then later enrolled in a program have scores that offer insight. The most recent cohorts of med school students have an average GPA of 3.75 and average MCAT scores of 511.9 ( AAMC ).

The specific admission requirements vary from school to school. However, below are some of the most common requirements for medical school admission.

• Complete an application and pay the application fee.
• Hold a bachelor’s degree from an accredited college or university, most schools prefer a degree with a focus in the sciences.
• Meet the required minimum grade point average specific to each medical school. A good GPA for medical school is typically 3.5 or higher. Like any other graduate school, the higher your undergrad GPA, the better.
• A competitive score on the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT). MCAT scores range from 472-528.
• At least two years of coursework in the biological and physical sciences.
• Letters of recommendation from people who have had exposure to your academic and professional performance.
• Participation in extracurricular activities that demonstrate your commitment to a medical career.
• A personal statement that outlines your motivation and commitment to becoming a doctor.
• An interview with a panel of medical school faculty and admissions committee members.

What is a Good MCAT Score for Medical School? 

The average MCAT scores for medical schools are typically in the range of 510 and higher. There are many factors that play into admissions, but a great MCAT score is certainly needed for most of the top medical schools. For more competitive medical schools, applicants should aim for a 520 or higher.

Do You Need a License to Be a Medical Doctor?

Yes, all medical doctors must receive a license from their state medical licensing board in order to practice medicine. The licensing requirements vary from state to state and require medical school graduation, successful completion of licensing examinations, and a determination of good moral character.

Licensure requirements include passing standardized national exams. MDs take the US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). DOs take the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX-USA). For specific state information about licensing, contact your state’s medical board.

Board certification in a specialty is not required for physicians and surgeons. However, it may increase their employment opportunities. MDs and DOs seeking board certification in a specialty may spend up to 9 years in residency training,. The length of time varies with ech specialty. 

To become board certified, candidates must complete a residency program and pass a specialty certification exam from a medical certifying board. Examples of certifying boards include the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS), the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), and the American Board of Physician Specialties (ABPS).

What are the Other Important Qualities Medical School Grads Need?

In addition to completing medical school and a residency, there are other qualities that MDs need. Below are some of the other important qualities med school graduates need.

• Empathy : Doctors must be able to listen to patients and show understanding and compassion. 
• Self-Awareness: The ability to recognize and understand one’s own emotions and reactions is important for a doctor. 
• Collaboration: Working with patients, colleagues, nurses, and other healthcare professionals is a key part of a doctor’s job. 
• Instructional Skills: Doctors must be able to explain medical conditions and treatments to their patients. 
• Attention to Detail : A physician must be precise and accurate in diagnosing and treating people. 
• Interpersonal Skills :  Doctors must be able to establish good relationships with their patients. 
• Adaptability : Doctors must be able to adapt to different situations quickly and effectively. 
• Professionalism : all medical professionals must routinely display professional conduct and behavior. 
• Communication Skills : Excellent communication skills are vital in order to talk to patients clearly and professionally. 
• Decision-Making Skills : Physicians need to be skilled in making sound and ethical decisions on a regular basis.

How Do You Choose the Right Medical School?

It is not always easy to enroll in the right school for you. But generally you should choose the school that fits all your needs and has the best opportunities for you. First, determine your areas of interest within healthcare. Then consider what areas of medicine you might want to specialize in for your career. Think about the characteristics that define the school. Consider which characteristics are important to you in choosing a medical school, including factors like location, cost, size, curriculum, and supportive learning environment. 

Next you should Research the school. Explore the school’s amenities, accreditation, faculty, and graduate success rates. Also look into the requirements needed for admission, such as transcripts, content exams, and the medical school’s acceptance rate . If you have time, it never hurts to schedule a visit to the school. Make an appointment to visit and meet with staff and faculty. It helps to get a feel of the campus if you take a tour. 

How Much Does it Cost to Attend Medical School?

The cost of attending medical school depends on the school you attend , the degree you pursue , and whether or not you qualify for grants or scholarships . On average , a four – year medical school program can cost between $ 150 , 000 and $ 275 , 000 . This estimate includes tuition, fees, and living expenses.

Because the cost of medical school is expensive, it is often one of the biggest factors when prospective medical students choose a school. Typically private universities costs more than public medical schools. Additionally, in-state tuition at a public universities is much more affordable than tuition for out-of-state students. Also full time tuition includes a certain number of credit hours. 

Student and Professional Resources:

• Association of American Medical Colleges ( AAMC )
• American Board of Medical Specialties ( ABMS )
• US Medical Licensing Examination ( USMLE )
• American Board of Physician Specialties ( ABPS )
• Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination ( COMLEX-USA )
• American Osteopathic Association ( AOA )
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Search PubMed for AI Articles

To search for articles related to artificial intelligence in medicine on PubMed using the National Library of Medicine (NLM) Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms in Boolean format, copy and paste the following search string into the search box on PubMed .

This search string includes MeSH terms related to artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and natural language processing, combined with MeSH terms related to medicine, medical informatics, and health services research. This should help narrow down the search to articles specifically focused on artificial intelligence in the medical field. Feel free to adjust the search terms as needed based on your specific requirements.

Source: PCOM Library

Ethical and Legal Considerations

• Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: Guidance on large multi-modal models World Health Organization, January 10, 2024.
• Principles for Augmented Intelligence Development, Deployment, and Use American Medical Association (AMA) Policy on AI, November 2023.
• Voluntary Commitments from Leading Healthcare Companies to Harness the Potential and Manage the Risks Posed by AI U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, December 14, 2023.
• CPT Appendix S: AI taxonomy for medical services & procedures American Medical Association (AMA), 2023.   Source: PCOM Library

Research Organizations

• AI Health Lab Led by Prof. Ying Ding from School of information, and Prof. Justin Rousseau from Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin. AI Health Lab is made up of scholars and students from different fields and disciplines. They focus on cutting-edge research on AI in health and data-driven science of science.
• American College of Radiology (ACR) Data Science Institute Working with stakeholders to develop and implement radiology-related artificial intelligence applications. Host of the Informatics Learning Hub and "ACR Data Science Institute® AI Central database, the most complete and up-to-date online, searchable directory of commercially available Imaging AI products in the United States. Browse through more than 200 FDA-cleared products created by more than 100 manufacturers to find algorithms that best support your patients and workflows."
• Alliance for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare The AAIH, consisting of technology developers, pharmaceutical companies, and research organizations, utilizes AI in healthcare to improve the quality of care.
• Cedars-Sinai Cedars-Sinai Medical Center's Department of Medicine houses the Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) research program. The AIM program aims to create software that can analyze three-dimensional images of the heart, like how a trained human operator would. The program measures critical parameters for understanding the state and behavior of the human heart using artificial intelligence techniques.
• Center on AI Research for Health At University of Southern "aims to nurture collaborations between researchers in AI and those in the health sciences." In 2023, they released projects on radiation oncology, neurodegenerative diseases and mental health.
• Gates Foundation Focused on the ethics of AI access and use, including the development of new technologies and their application in resource-poor settings. Research grants available. "The projects we selected focus on a wide array of critical health and development issues, including primary health care, education, agricultural development, women’s health, and nutrition. We are optimistic and excited about the diversity of problems being addressed because they often intersect."   Source: PCOM Library

" Artificial Intelligence - Resembling Human Brain " by  deepakiqlect  is licensed

under  CC BY-SA 2.0 .

Research Tools

• ChiQA Brought to you by the National Library of Medicine , CHiQA is an experimental AI system that is learning how to answer health-related questions using reliable sources for patients. Please note that it provides information. It cannot respond to questions about individual medical cases, provide second opinions or make specific recommendations regarding therapy.
• AlphaFold Protein Structure Database Developed by Google DeepMind , the AlphaFold database is able to computationally predict protein structures with accuracy and speed. Working in partnership with EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), they've released over 200 million protein structure predictions by AlphaFold that are freely and openly available to the global scientific community. Included are nearly all catalogued proteins known to science.   Source: PCOM Library

Research Datasets

There is a multitude of databases and datasets in medicine related to AI and healthcare. These databases provide valuable resources for researchers and developers working on AI and machine learning applications in healthcare and medicine. They enable tasks such as imaging analysis, clinical decision support, predictive modeling, and drug discovery. Many are freely available for research. Always check the organization's policy on data re-use.

• Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative The dataset for a longitudinal study includes neuroimaging, clinical, and genetic data from individuals with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy controls.
• Genomic Data Commons A dataset containing comprehensive cancer genomics, clinical data, and imaging data for various types of cancer enables research on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancers.
• Medical Segmentation Decathlon This benchmark dataset features ten different segmentation tasks across various anatomical structures and imaging modalities, making it ideal for evaluating and comparing medical image segmentation algorithms.
• MIMIC-III A large, freely-available database of deidentified health-related data associated with over forty thousand patients who stayed in critical care units of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center between 2001 and 2012. The database contains demographics, vital sign measurements taken at the bedside (~1 data point per hour), laboratory test results, procedures, medications, caregiver notes, imaging reports, and mortality (including post-hospital discharge).
• NIH Chest X-ray dataset A dataset comprising over 100,000 chest X-ray images released by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), annotated for the presence of common thoracic pathologies.   Source: PCOM Library
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Mayo clinic alix school of medicine, quick facts.

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Jacksonville is the largest city in Florida. When students aren’t studying, they’re enjoying the vibrant art scene, jazz festivals, sports and recreation options, and 20+ miles of beaches.

What's happening at our school

A medical student’s approach in biomedical research aims to give others a voice

Emily Hardy grew up singing — something she still loves to do. "I've always loved anything related to the voice," says the third-year student at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine. When she learned about Mayo Clinic's plans to advance larynx transplant, she knew she wanted to find a way to be involved.

The future is now: Graduates awarded M.D., master’s, Ph.D. degrees at Mayo Clinic commencement

Over the past week, Mayo Clinic celebrated the achievements of new physicians and scientists at graduation ceremonies in Florida, Arizona and Minnesota.

Shalyn Fullerton: Finding inspiration and support in role models, mentors, family, friends

Shalyn Fullerton, a graduating medical student from Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in Florida, shares the significance of role models and support from family and friends throughout her medical school experience, and how her education at Mayo Clinic has shaped her future.

JR Smith: Driven to educate and mentor future generations

Graduating medical student, JR Smith, shares his medical school journey on the Youtube channel, Evolving Medic. Learn more about how his passion for education, mentorship, and equity has shaped his medical journey.

Funmi Adeleye: Aspiring to make an impact on health disparities

Learn more about Funmi Adeleye, 2024 graduate of Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, as she reflects on her past, her medical education at Mayo Clinic, and her aspirations for the future.

2024 Commencement announced: Dates, speakers, and more

Commencement ceremonies are quickly approaching for M.D. and Ph.D. students across our three Mayo Clinic campuses. Learn more about event dates, times, speakers, and more.

Doctor-artists in training at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine utilize their creative talents

A new Applied Medical and Health Humanities Distinction track in Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine supports students who show exceptional involvement, accomplishment, and scholarship in medical and health humanities. The track will graduate its first group of medical students this spring.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine celebrates with medical students on Match Day 2024

Excited fourth-year medical students at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine campuses in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota discovered where they matched for residency training on Friday, March 15.

From our students: Preparing for Match Day and the future

As part of the National Resident Matching Program, fourth-year medical students at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine and nationwide will simultaneously open their envelopes on Friday, March 15, 2024, to find out their future specialties and residency training locations. Learn more about the experiences of some of our students.

Doctor and medical student serve lunch, dignity and more to homeless patient

When a patient experiencing homelessness revealed his favorite meal, Allison Ducharme-Smith, M.D., made a point to deliver it to him for lunch one day. Medical student Christeebella Akpala delivered, too, helping connect the patient with a place to call home.

High school and college students engage with Mayo Clinic through summer programs

Summertime is ideal for exploring possible life paths. During the summer, Mayo Clinic offers multiple pathway programs for high school and college students interested in various types of careers in biomedical research, medicine, and health sciences.

Commencement 2023 comes to a close with ceremonies in Arizona and Minnesota

Mayo Clinic's commencement celebrations came to a close this May with the final ceremony in Rochester after ceremonies in Arizona and Florida were held earlier in the month. We wish congratulations and best of luck to all of the graduates.

Medical students at Mayo Clinic in Florida are the first to celebrate graduation this May

Nine medical students in Florida celebrated their graduation from Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine on Saturday, May 13. They now will move on to residencies at Mayo Clinic and elsewhere, helping to create the future of healthcare. Commencement ceremonies in Arizona and Minnesota will follow later this week.

Details announced for Mayo Clinic class of 2023 commencement ceremonies

Commencement 2023 at Mayo Clinic celebrates graduating medical students from Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine (Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota) and graduating Ph.D. students from Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (Minnesota). Learn more about ceremony details, speakers, and how you can tune in live.

Celebrating Match Day 2023 at Mayo Clinic

March 17 was an exciting day for both Mayo Clinic's Alix School of Medicine and School of Graduate Medical Education. Fourth-year medical students in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota learned where they will continue their residency training. Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education also learned who would be its incoming Mayo residents through the National Resident Matching Program.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine students look ahead to Match Day on March 17

Learn more about Match Day on March 17, 2023. Discover the day's significance for our medical students and learn more about the specifics of the event, including livestream links.

Grandfather’s cancer leads Mayo Clinic student to medicine and helping others

When his grandfather was diagnosed with cancer, Yonghun Kim was not prepared. He turned his despair into a new path — to study medicine at Mayo Clinic.

Black History Month: Alyx Porter, M.D., on shaping the next generation of physicians

In honor of Black History Month, we are profiling several Mayo Clinic experts who are focused every day on achieving health equity through their work. Meet Mayo Clinic's Alyx Porter, M.D., a neuro-oncologist and researcher at Mayo Clinic in Arizona who is working to help shape the next generation of physicians.

Otolaryngology outreach program at Mayo Clinic brings care to patients in need

A partnership between Mayo Clinic and Community Health Service Inc. is reducing barriers to health care by bringing care to patients at a time that's convenient and in a place that's familiar.

Stethoscope Ceremony marks rite of passage for first-year medical students in Arizona and Minnesota

First-year students at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in Arizona and Minnesota participated in a Stethoscope Ceremony on Nov. 5, in a rite of passage that marks the start of the students' path to medicine.

Learning through experience: Simulation in education

Simulation is used across Mayo Clinic to give students authentic hands-on experiences that represent the challenges of patient care. The simulations help students learn to identify ideal clinical management decisions and see the future implications for patients.

Mayo medical student advocates for greater cultural sensitivity regarding clothing in the OR

Rewan Abdelwahab, a medical student at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, saw a need for change to make clothing guidelines in the operating room more inclusive. She decided to do something about it.

Street Medicine Phoenix: Medical students feel called to serve

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine students moved to help people experiencing homelessness are expanding their medical school experiences and their world views by bringing street medicine to homeless populations. Take an in-depth look at this volunteer opportunity and learn about street medicine and what inspires these students.

Mayo Clinic learners experience life-altering surgeries during a medical mission to Honduras

An annual medical mission to Honduras was put on hold when the COVID-19 pandemic made travel difficult. This year, the mission resumed with an expanded team bringing life-altering surgery to people who need it most. Learners at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science were also on the team.

Bridging the language gap: Medical students use interpreters to better connect with patients

Salma Iftikhar, M.D., and others have developed a curriculum for students at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine that is focused on working with medical interpreters. It's a skill that is critical in communicating with and caring for patients whose first language isn't English, Dr. Iftikhar says.

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science to celebrate historic commencement with joint ceremony

Mayo Clinic is celebrating the next generation of physicians and scientists. In a joint ceremony on Sunday, May 22, students will receive degrees conferred by Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.

Celebrate graduates of Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in Arizona

Medical students from Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, a national medical school, are taking part in the first tri-site commencement this year. This is the second commencement of Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine's campus in Phoenix/Scottsdale, Arizona. The ceremony will take place Friday, May 20.

A final 'first' for medical students at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in Florida

It has been a year of many firsts for Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine's campus in Jacksonville, Florida. Earlier this spring, the first full cohort of medical students in Florida participated in Match Day for the first time. Now, this Sunday, May 15, that same cohort will help celebrate one more 'first' for the campus. The class of eleven medical students will graduate from Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in Florida in its first commencement ceremony at this campus location.

Unique selectives teach medical students to provide care in wilderness, space, and more

Mayo Clinic selectives are student-selected electives that offer broad opportunities for innovation and leadership. Options include training that emphasizes humanities in medicine, personal reflections, global health, artificial intelligence in health care, and more.

Spotlight on student research: Improving regenerative treatment to heal bones

Growing up as a student athlete in Cincinnati, Joe Panos had more than his fair share of visits to the orthopedist for sports injuries. Now Panos, an M.D.-Ph.D. student at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, is hoping to become an orthopedic surgeon. As part of his education, he is conducting research to improve regenerative treatment for patients whose bones don't heal properly.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine student named 2022 Paul and Daisy Soros Fellow

Christeebella Akpala, R.N., an M.D. student at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, is a 2022 Paul and Daisy Soros Fellow. This prestigious award is given to just 30 immigrants and children of immigrants who are pursuing graduate education in the U.S. Selection is based on a student’s drive, creativity, intellectual spirit, and their commitment to the values of the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine once again ranked among top national medical schools by U.S. News

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine was ranked among the top 10 percent of "Best Graduate Schools" for the sixth consecutive year by U.S. News & World Report. The rankings were released Tuesday, March 29. The school is ranked as one of the best medical schools for research and overall.

Match Day 2022: Recap and by the numbers

Friday, March 18, is Match Day across the U.S. That includes Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine fourth-year students in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota who will be continuing on to residencies at teaching hospitals across the nation. Ninety-one medical students successfully matched with 31% of those matching at one of Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education's three campuses.

First full cohort at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine's Florida campus prepares for Match Day

Match Day 2022 will look rather different for Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine on the Florida campus as the first full cohort of students opens their envelopes simultaneously with other Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine students across the nation.

As Match Day approaches, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine students reflect on its significance

As students in Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine eagerly await Match Day 2022 on Friday, March 18, we share some of their thoughts on the significance of the day for themselves and for all medical students.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine student uses curriculum to battle human trafficking

Fourth-year medical student Jennifer Talbott knows a thing or two about human trafficking. Her father is the director of advocacy at the Human Rights Center at the University in Dayton, Ohio. After Talbott enrolled at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine on the Arizona campus, she became curious about how victims of trafficking interact with the medical community. Her curiosity led to research, and research led to enhancing the medical school’s curriculum.

Pathway programs bridge the gap for underrepresented students in health care

Mayo Clinic is making it possible for people from underrepresented communities to pursue careers in medicine, research and science, technology, engineering, and math, often referred to as STEM, through a number of programs. The Office for Education Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion has designed 24 pathway programs for students from diverse backgrounds to explore and prepare for clinical and nonclinical health care careers.

Fully immersed in the Simulation Center: Mass casualty exercise at Mayo Clinic in Florida

The J. Wayne and Delores Barr Weaver Simulation Center at Mayo Clinic in Florida recently hosted an aerospace mass casualty simulation event as part of the inaugural "Aerospace Medicine" elective course. Students were trained in mass casualty triage.

Trainee known as The EKG Guy reinvents EKG training materials for medical students

During medical school, Anthony Kashou, M.D., developed EKG training materials for his fellow students. He continued that work, creating an online community with one million followers and a curriculum that has earned accreditation.

Alumni stories: M.D. graduate appointed to 2021-2022 class of White House Fellows

On October 18, 2021, the President’s Commission on White House Fellows announced the appointment of the 2021-2022 class of White House Fellows, the most diverse class in the history of the program. The prestigious White House Fellowship program embeds professionals from diverse backgrounds for a year of working as a full-time, paid fellow for White House staff, Cabinet Secretaries, and other senior government officials.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine student shares story; aspires to make medical education more accessible

Growing up in the Dominican Republic, third year medical student Johanny Lopez Dominguez remembers her grandfather's health struggle. He lived in a remote part of the country, and it was challenging to get the care he needed for his diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A spot of hope was a physician who periodically traveled several miles to care for her grandfather. That's how she became inspired to become a physician.

Mentorship in action: Shannon Coombs

After arriving at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in Arizona, Shannon Coombs wondered if she belonged. She found a connection with Alyx Porter, M.D., Neurology, who shared similar experiences and made time to mentor Coombs.

Former firefighter turned medical student keeps focus on family, career

The term "fourth-year medical student" feels like a misnomer for Nicolas Rubel, who finished his final year at the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in Florida. The reason? The former firefighter and paramedic has two other roles that he says are even more important than medicine. Nick is a husband and father of two. He recognizes that he's considered a nontraditional student, and the 36-year-old has ambitious goals for his career, but it can't come at the expense of his family.

Catching up with Allisa Song and Nanodropper

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine student Allisa Song is not just any 4th year medical student. She is also the inventor, CEO, and co-founder of the medical device start-up, Nanodropper.

College of Medicine and Science recognizes outstanding educators, students, and fellows

See who won Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science's 2021 awards for outstanding educators, students, residents, and fellows.

Mayo Clinic M.D.-Ph.D. Program graduate charts a career path blending science with patient care

It was a day 10 years in the making for Jacqueline Zayas. On a Sunday afternoon in late May, surrounded by classmates and a contingent of her loved ones, Dr. Zayas officially earned her medical degree as part of Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine’s class of 2021.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine student uses 3D printing to advance global medical education

3D printing, 4-H values, and 21st century technology are coming together to forge a new collaboration between Mayo Clinic and surgery residents in Vietnam.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine celebrates 2021 commencement

Ninety-eight students took part in commencement events on Friday, May 21, at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine ― Arizona Campus and Sunday, May 23, at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine ― Rochester Campus. This was the first multistate commencement for Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine.

Two students elected to American Medical Women's Association leadership positions

Congratulations to two students from Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in Phoenix/Scottsdale, Arizona, who have been elected to national leadership positions in the Medical Student Division of the American Medical Women’s Association.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine again ranks among top medical schools in the U.S.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine is ranked as one of the top medical schools in the country and continues to be recognized as a transformative leader in biomedical education.

According to our students: Match Day 2021

Our students are the ones who truly know what it means to work and sacrifice through four years of medical school and to see that culminate on Match Day. These are their words and reflections on their past medical education at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, the present day, and their future plans.

A Memorable, If Vastly Different, Match Day for Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine

Match Day pairs medical students and graduate medical education programs, and is administered by the National Resident Matching Program. All graduating medical students across the U.S. participate in Match Day and open their envelopes at the same time. This year, Match Day looked a bit different for Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine.

Planning underway for new Integrated Education and Research Building in Phoenix

The Integrated Education and Research Building will be constructed between the Mayo Clinic Building and Arizona State University's Health Futures building in Phoenix. Construction is expected to be completed in 2024.

Students from Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine share their learning experiences during Medical Grand Rounds

The Department of Medicine Medical Grand Rounds (MGR) is a weekly conference intended to educate health care providers on best practices. These weekly conferences address current topics in clinical medicine, research, health care policy, medical education, and satisfy criteria for Continuing Medical Education (CME).

Third-year medical student's start-up receives $500k contract with U.S. Air Force

Allisa Song, a third-year medical student at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, is the CEO and co-founder of a medical device start-up that recently landed an estimated $500k contract with the U.S. Air Force.

Mayo medical students keep momentum going for COVID-19 volunteer efforts

Answering a need for help as COVID-19 began to spread in the U.S. earlier in the year, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine students in Arizona and Minnesota began volunteering to conduct digital health surveys, provide dependent care, answer phones, organize blood donations, and pitch in wherever extra hands were needed.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine celebrates Match Day... virtually

Match Day 2020 looked a little different from previous Match Day celebrations, but this year's fourth-year medical students still celebrated their accomplishments and where they're headed next for their residency training.

Medical students step up to fill in gaps during COVID-19 response

As COVID-19 continues to spread across the U.S., students at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine are stepping up to volunteer their skills and talent wherever they may be needed.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine again among top 10 in national rankings

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine tied for No. 6 in the 2021 Best Medical Schools rankings from U.S. News & World Report.

Mayo medical student jump-starts curriculum to identify human trafficking

Working with the medical school faculty, Jennifer Talbott, a third-year medical student at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, helped develop coursework to train fellow students to identify and provide resources to potential victims of human trafficking.

Five tips for filling out the FAFSA successfully

Worried about the FAFSA? Here are a few tips to help you keep your cool!

Trio of medical students use selective week to make trek to Europe’s tallest summit

Three medical students who attend Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine took advantage of the school's selective curriculum to make their journey to Mount Elbrus possible.

2-year branch campus project for Florida is complete

After three years of hard work, preparation for Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine's two-year branch campus in Florida is officially complete.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine Is Reaccredited Through 2027

Liaison Committee on Medical Education accreditation — "an essential stamp of approval for high-quality M.D. education in the U.S. and Canada" — has been extended via a process that began in April.

Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine student a finalist in Collegiate Inventors Competition

Allisa Song, a second-year medical student at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, and her teammates will head to Virginia this month as graduate finalists in the 2019 Collegiate Inventors Competition.

Bounce Day allows local professionals to apply their emergency response skills

It was a zombie apocalypse! Well, not really.

Brainwaves: Getting elementary kids psyched for science

You may expect to see Ph.D. and M.D. students working in the lab, studying from behemoth-sized textbooks, or working with patients, and not in local elementary schools, but that’s where several Ph.D. and M.D. students have been spending their time as part of the neuroscience education outreach program, Brainwaves.

U.S. News ranks Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in top 10 medical schools

In keeping with results from 2018, the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine was again ranked among the top 10 research medical schools in the nation by U.S. News and World Report.

Match Day 2019: Celebrating a day of destiny

Students and staff at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, and Rochester, Minnesota, celebrated the highly anticipated Match Day together through a virtual connection on March 15, 2019.

Learning mindfulness helps medical students — and their future patients

Medical students from Mayo Clinic in Arizona attended a four-day course outside of their usual curriculum that was created to help them cope with the challenges of being a student and a care provider.

Finding balance in art and medicine

Gohar Manzar, M.D., has always had a love for learning. The 24-year-old, who graduated from Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in May 2019, has had what one might consider an “accelerated” education path.

2022 Articles

Understanding Ethical Challenges in Medical Education Research

Klitzman, Robert

Rapidly advancing biomedical and electronic technologies, ongoing health disparities, and new online educational modalities are all changing medicine and medical education. As medical training continues to evolve, research is increasingly critical to help improve it, but medical education research can pose unique ethical challenges. As research participants, medical trainees may face several risks and in many ways constitute a vulnerable group. In this commentary, the author examines several of the ethical challenges involved in medical education research, including confidentiality and the risk of stigma; the need for equity, diversity, and inclusion; genetic testing of students; clustered randomized trials of training programs; and questions about quality improvement activities. The author offers guidance for navigating these ethical challenges, including the importance of engaging with institutional review boards. Academic medical institutions should educate and work closely with faculty to ensure that all research adheres to appropriate ethical guidelines and regulations and should provide instruction about the ethics of medical education research to establish a strong foundation for the future of the field. Research on medical education will become increasingly important. Given the potential sensitivity of the data collected in such research, investigators must understand and address potential ethical challenges as carefully as possible.

• Medical ethics
• Hospital care

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Brief State Non-Medical Exemptions from School Immunization Requirements

All 50 states and Washington D.C. have laws requiring certain vaccines for students to attend school. Many states align their vaccine requirements with recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices . All states allow exemptions from school immunization requirements for children who are unable to receive vaccines for medical reasons. State laws vary regarding non-medical exemptions, for religious or personal reasons. Personal exemptions are also referred to as "philosophical exemptions" by some states.

Thirty states and Washington D.C. allow exemptions for people who have religious objections to immunizations. Thirteen states allow exemptions for either religious or personal reasons. Two states, Louisiana and Minnesota, do not specify whether the non-medical exemption must be for religious or personal reasons. Five states do not allow any type of non-medical exemption.

The map below indicates each state's non-medical exemption policy. The map also links to the statutes for each state regarding school vaccine requirements and exemptions. Below the map is a table which provides more information about state exemption laws including exemption exceptions, requirements to obtain a non-medical exemption and information on states that have removed certain exemption policies.

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Map Source: Adapted from the LexisNexis StateNet Database.

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Trust, human-centered AI and collaboration the focus of inaugural RAISE Health symposium

Artificial intelligence experts discuss how to integrate trustworthy AI into health care, why multi-disciplinary collaboration is crucial and the potential for generative AI in research.

May 17, 2024 - By Hanae Armitage

Fei-Fei Li and Lloyd Minor give opening remarks at Stanford Medicine's first RAISE Health Symposium on May 14.  Steve Fisch

Most people captured by artificial intelligence have all had something of an “aha” moment that opens their minds to a world of opportunities. During the inaugural RAISE Health symposium on May 14, Lloyd Minor , MD, dean of the Stanford School of Medicine and vice president for medical affairs at Stanford University, shared his.

Asked to summarize a discovery he’d made related to the inner ear, a curious Minor turned to generative AI. “I asked, ‘What is superior canal dehiscence syndrome?’” Minor told a group of nearly 4,000 symposium attendees. In seconds, a few paragraphs appeared.

“They were good — really good,” he said. “The information was brought together into a concise and, by and large, accurate and well-prioritized description of the disorder. It was quite remarkable.”

Minor’s excitement was shared by many at the half-day event, which was born of the RAISE Health initiative, a project launched by Stanford Medicine and the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI) to guide the responsible use of AI in biomedical research, education and patient care. Speakers explored what it means to bring AI into the folds of medicine in a way that’s not just helpful for physicians and scientists, but transparent, fair and equitable for patients.

“We believe this is a technology to augment and enhance humanity,” said Fei-Fei Li , a professor of computer science at the Stanford School of Engineering who leads RAISE Health with Minor and is the co-director of HAI. From generating new molecular sequences that could give rise to new antibiotics, to mapping biodiversity, to uncovering hidden bits of basic biology, AI is accelerating scientific discovery, she said. But it’s not all beneficial. “All of these applications can have unintended consequences, and we need computer scientists to work with multiple stakeholders — from doctors and ethicists…to security experts and more — to develop and deploy [AI] responsibly,” she said. “Initiatives like RAISE Health show that we’re committed to this.”

The alignment of Stanford Medicine’s three entities — the School of Medicine, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Medicine Children’s Health — and its connection to the rest of Stanford University puts it in a unique position as experts grapple with AI development, governance and integration in health and medicine, Minor said.

“We’re ideally suited to be a pioneer in advancing and deploying AI in responsible ways, covering the gamut from fundamental biological discovery, enhancing drug development, making clinical trial processes more efficient, all the way through the actual delivery of health care and the way we run our health care delivery system,” he said.

What ethical integration looks like

Some speakers underscored a simple concept: Focus on the user — in this case, the patient or the physician — and all else will follow. “It’s putting patients at the center of everything that we do,” said Lisa Lehmann, MD, PhD, director of bioethics at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “We need to be thinking about their needs and priorities.”

From left: Moderator Mohana Ravindranath of STAT News; Jessica Mega; Peter Lee of Microsoft Research; and Sylvia Plevritis, professor of biomedical data science, discuss the role of AI in medical research.  Steve Fisch

Speakers on one panel — which included Lehmann, Stanford Medicine bioethicist Mildred Cho , PhD, and Michael Howell, MD, chief clinical officer at Google — pointed to the complex nature of a hospital system, highlighting the need to understand the purpose of any intervention before implementing it and to ensure that all systems developed are inclusive, with input from the populations it’s meant to help.

One key to that is transparency — being explicit about where the data used to train the algorithm came from, what the algorithm was originally intended for and whether future patient data will continue to help the algorithm learn, among other factors.

“Trying to predict ethical problems before they become consequential [means] finding a perfect sweet spot of knowing enough about the technology that you can make some ascertainment of it, but getting to it before [an issue] spreads further,” said Danton Char , MD, associate professor of pediatric anesthesiology, perioperative and pain medicine. One of the key steps, he said, is to identify all the stakeholders who could be impacted by a technology and take note of how they would want those questions answered for themselves.

Jesse Ehrenfeld, MD, president of the American Medical Association, discussed four drivers of adoption for any digital health tool, including those powered by AI. Does it work? Does it work in my institution? Who pays for it? Who is liable?

Michael Pfeffer , MD, chief information officer for Stanford Health Care, highlighted a recent example in which many of those questions were tested with care providers at Stanford Hospital. Clinicians were offered assistance from a large language model that drafts initial notes to patient inbox messages. While the drafts weren’t perfect, the clinicians who helped develop the technology reported that the model lightened their workload.

“There are three big things that we’ve been focusing on: safety, efficacy and inclusion. We’re physicians. We take this oath to ‘do no harm,’” said  Nina Vasan , MD, clinical assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, who joined a panel with Char and Pfeffer. “That needs to be the first way that we’re assessing any of these tools.”

Nigam Shah , MBBS, PhD, professor of medicine and of biomedical data sciences, kicked off a discussion with a jarring statistic, although he gave the audience fair warning. “I speak in bullet points and numbers, and sometimes they tend to be very direct,” he said.

To Shah, the success of AI hinges on our ability to scale it. “Doing the science right for one model takes about 10 years, and if every one of the 123 fellowship and residency programs wanted to test and deploy one model at that level of rigor, with our current ways of organizing work and [testing] it at every one of our sites to make sure it works properly, it would be $138 billion,” Shah said. “We can’t afford it. So, we have to find a way to scale, and we have to scale doing good science. The skills for rigor reside in one place, and the skills for scale reside in another, and hence, we’re going to need these kinds of partnerships.”

Associate dean Euan Ashley and Mildred Cho (at front table) attend the RAISE Health Symposium. Steve Fisch

The way to get there, according to a number of speakers at the symposium, is public-private partnership, such as that being modeled through the recent White House Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence and the Coalition for Health AI , or CHAI.

“The public-private partnerships [with] the most potential are [between] academia, the private sector and the public sector,” said Laura Adams, a senior advisor at the National Academy of Medicine. The government can bring public credibility, academic medical centers can bring legitimacy, and the technical expertise and compute time can come from the private sector, she noted. “All of us are better than any one of us, and we’re recognizing…that we don’t have a prayer of reaching the potential of [AI] unless we understand how to interact with each other.”

Innovating in AI, filling gaps

AI is also making an impact in research, whether scientists are using it to probe the dogma of biology, predict new synthetic molecular sequences and structures to underpin emerging therapeutics, or even to help them summarize or write scientific papers, several speakers said.

“There’s an opportunity to see the unknown,” said Jessica Mega , MD, a cardiologist at Stanford Medicine and co-founder of Alphabet’s Verily. Mega pointed to hyperspectral imaging, which captures features of an image that are invisible to the human eye. The idea is to use AI to detect patterns, for example, in pathology slides, unseen by humans that are indicative of disease. “I encourage people to push for the unknown. I think everyone here knows someone who is suffering from a health condition that needs something beyond what we can offer today,” Mega said.

There was also a consensus among panelists that AI systems will provide new means of identifying and combating biased decision making, whether it’s made by humans or AI, and opportunities to figure out where that bias is coming from.

“Health is more than health care,” was a statement echoed by multiple panelists. The speakers stressed that researchers often overlook social determinants of health — such as socioeconomic status, ZIP codes, education level, and race and ethnicity — when they are collecting inclusive data and enrolling participants for studies. “AI is only going to be as good as the data that the models are trained on,” said Michelle Williams , ScD, a professor of epidemiology at Harvard University and a visiting professor of epidemiology and population health at Stanford Medicine. “If we are looking for improving health [and] decreasing disparities, we’re going to have to make sure that we are collecting high-quality data on human behaviors, as well as the social and physical environment.”

Natalie Pageler , MD, clinical professor of pediatrics and of medicine, shared that cancer data aggregates often exclude data from pregnant people, creating inherent biases in models and exacerbating an existing gap in health care.

As with any emerging technology, there are ways that AI can make things better and ways it can make things worse, said David Magnus , PhD, professor of pediatrics and of medicine. The risk, Magnus said, is that AI systems learn about inequitable health outcomes driven by social determinants of health and reinforce them through their outputs. “AI is a mirror that reflects the society that we’re in,” he said. “I’m hopeful that every time we get an opportunity to shine a light on a problem — hold up that mirror to ourselves — it will be a spur for things to get better.”

If you weren’t able to attend the RAISE Health symposium, recordings of the sessions can be found here .

About Stanford Medicine

Stanford Medicine is an integrated academic health system comprising the Stanford School of Medicine and adult and pediatric health care delivery systems. Together, they harness the full potential of biomedicine through collaborative research, education and clinical care for patients. For more information, please visit med.stanford.edu .

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Got cold symptoms? Here's when kids should take a sick day from school

by Cheyanne Mumphrey

As schools reopen for another year, they are focused on improving student attendance. But back-to-school is hitting just as COVID-19 cases are increasing, raising the question: When is a child too sick for school?

School absences surged during the pandemic and have yet to recover. Nearly 1 in 4 students remains chronically absent, defined as missing 10% or more of the academic year , according to the latest data analyzed by The Associated Press.

One reason for continued high absences: After years of COVID-19 quarantines, parents are more cautious about sending children to school when they might be contagious with an illness.

When a child misses school, even for an excused absence like a sick day, it's harder for them to stay on track academically. So schools and health experts are trying to change the culture around sick days.

Here's what they want parents to know.

COVID guidelines have changed

During the pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention urged people who tested positive for COVID-19 to isolate at home for a set number of days and to quarantine after exposure to the coronavirus. In some settings, people with any mild illness were urged to remain home until symptoms were clear.

Those standards, and the caution behind them, remained for years after schools reopened to in-person instruction. That meant children often missed large portions of school after contracting or being exposed to COVID-19 or other illnesses.

This spring, COVID-19 guidance officially changed. Now, the CDC suggests people treat COVID-19 like other respiratory illnesses , such as the flu and RSV.

Fever-free for 24 hours

If a child has a fever, they should stay home, no matter the illness.

A child can return to school when their fever has been gone for 24 hours without fever-reducing medication. Other symptoms should be improving.

What about other symptoms?

If a child doesn't have a fever, it's OK to send them to class with some signs of illness , including a runny nose , headache or cough, according to schools and the American Academy of Pediatrics . If those symptoms aren't improving or are severe, such as a hacking cough, call your child's doctor.

The guidance around vomiting and diarrhea varies across school districts. Generally, students should remain home until symptoms stop , according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Older children may be able to manage mild diarrhea at school.

"Unless your student has a fever or threw up in the last 24 hours, you are coming to school. That's what we want," said Abigail Arii, director of student support services in Oakland, California.

Guidance from the Los Angeles Unified School District says students can attend school with mild symptoms such as a runny nose or cold, but should stay home if they have vomiting, diarrhea, severe pain or a fever of 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius) or higher.

School districts across the U.S. have similar guidance, including in Texas , Illinois and New York .

When to wear a mask

The CDC says people should take additional precautions for five days after returning to school or other normal activities.

Masks and social distancing are no longer mandated but are encouraged to prevent disease spread. Experts also recommend plenty of handwashing and taking steps for cleaner air, such as opening a window or running an air purifier.

School districts say parents should keep up-to-date on all health examinations and immunizations for students so they don't miss additional days of school.

© 2024 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission.

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