economic assignment 2022

Competencies

In addition to aforementioned requirements and qualifications, it is important that the consultants share the core values and core competencies of the organization. 

Core Values

• Respect for Diversity 
• Integrity 
• Professionalism 

Core Competencies

• Awareness and Sensitivity Regarding Gender Issues 
• Accountability 
• Creative Problem Solving 
• Effective Communication 
• Inclusive Collaboration 
• Stakeholder Engagement 
• Leading by Example 

Please visit this link for more information on UN Women’s Core Values and Competencies:  

https://www.unwomen.org/en/about-us/employment/application-process#_Values  

FUNCTIONAL COMPETENCIES

• Good technical knowledge in the field of gender equality and women’s economic empowerment
• Adaptability and commitment to continuous learning
• Good analytical skills
• Strong communication and presentation skills
• Good knowledge of internationally agreed indicators, such as Sustainable Development Goals
• Strong project management support skills
• Good networking and partnership building skills

Required Skills and Experience

Education and Certification

Master’s degree in Gender and Development, Economics, Political Science, or other relevant disciplines. (A first-level university degree in similar fields in combination with two additional years of qualifying experience may be accepted in lieu of the advanced university degree.)

• A minimum of 1 year of relevant progressively responsible experience in conducting empirical research from a gender lens, with a focus on advancing gender equality and women’s empowerment.
• Demonstrated experience working with gender data to advance evidence on persistent roots of gender inequality in the world of work, particularly within the Asia and Pacific region is required.
• Experience in leveraging gender data for enhancing evidence-informed decision making, especially in the context of monitoring commitments to gender-relevant framework through internationally agreed gender indicators is desirable.
• Having UN experience and international organization will be an advantage.
• Fluency in English is required.
• Knowledge of other language spoken in the Asia-Pacific region, or any UN official language is an asset.

How to apply

Interested candidates are encouraged to submit electronic application via the Jobs.UNDP.org platform.

Submission package must include:

• Personal History Form (P11) which can be downloaded from UN-Women-P11-Personal-History-Form.doc (live.com)
• Cover letter explaining your interest in the consultancy and why you are the most suited candidate for this position.

Kindly note that the system will only allow one attachment. Applications without the completed UN Women P-11 form will be treated as incomplete and will not be considered for further assessment.

Payments for this consultancy will be based on the achievement of each deliverable and certification that each has been satisfactorily completed. Payments will not be based on the number of days worked but on the completion of each stated deliverable within the indicated timeframes.

UN Women Statement

At UN Women, we are committed to creating a diverse and inclusive environment of mutual respect. UN Women recruits, employs, trains, compensates, and promotes regardless of race, religion, color, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, ability, national origin, or any other basis covered by appropriate law. All employment is decided on the basis of qualifications, competence, integrity and organizational need.  

If you need any reasonable accommodation to support your participation in the recruitment and selection process, please include this information in your application.  

UN Women has a zero-tolerance policy on conduct that is incompatible with the aims and objectives of the United Nations and UN Women, including sexual exploitation and abuse, sexual harassment, abuse of authority and discrimination.  All selected candidates will be expected to adhere to UN Women’s policies and procedures and the standards of conduct expected of UN Women personnel and will therefore undergo rigorous reference and background checks. (Background checks will include the verification of academic credential(s) and employment history. Selected candidates may be required to provide additional information to conduct a background check.) 

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• Release calendar
• Methodology

UK trade: June 2024

Total value of UK exports and imports of goods and services in current prices, chained volume measures and implied deflators.

This is the latest release. View previous releases

Contact: Email UK Trade team

Release date: 15 August 2024

Next release: 11 September 2024

Table of contents

• Main points
• Monthly trade in goods
• Monthly trade in goods by commodity
• Monthly trade in services
• Quarterly trade in goods and services
• Quarterly trade in goods by commodity
• Quarterly trade in services by account type
• Quarterly total trade balances
• Explore UK trade in goods country-by-commodity data for 2023
• UK trade data
• Data sources and quality
• Related links
• Cite this statistical bulletin

Print this Statistical bulletin

Download as PDF

1. Main points

• The value of goods imports increased by £3.3 billion (7.1%) in June 2024, with a rise in imports from both EU and non-EU countries.
• The value of goods exports rose by £2.3 billion (7.6%) in June 2024, with an increase in exports to both EU and non-EU countries.
• The total goods and services trade deficit widened by £7.1 billion to £13.3 billion in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2024, because of an increase in imports of goods.
• The trade in goods deficit widened by £7.8 billion to £52.4 billion in Quarter 2 2024, as imports of goods rose by more than exports.
• The increase in imports of goods in Quarter 2 2024 was driven by a rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment from both EU and non-EU countries, as well as a rise in fuel imports from non-EU countries.
• The trade in services surplus is estimated to have widened by £0.7 billion to £39.1 billion, with a large increase in both exports and imports of services.

Please note that all trade figures exclude non-monetary gold (NMG) and other precious metals unless otherwise stated. This is because movements in NMG, an important component of precious metals, can be large and highly volatile, distorting underlying trends in goods exports and imports. Trade statistics in this bulletin are in value terms (current prices) not inflation-adjusted terms (chained volume measures) unless otherwise stated.

2. Monthly trade in goods

Total imports of goods in "current prices", which are not adjusted for inflation (explained in  Section 12: Glossary ), increased by £3.3 billion (7.1%) in June 2024. Imports from the EU rose by £2.1 billion (8.4%), and imports from non-EU countries increased by £1.2 billion (5.6%) (Table 1 and Figure 1).

Total exports of goods rose by £2.3 billion (7.6%) in June 2024, as exports to the EU increased by £1.4 billion (9.6%) and exports to non-EU countries increased by £0.9 billion (5.7%).

Imports from the EU were £4.2 billion higher than from non-EU countries in June 2024, while exports to the EU were £0.9 billion lower than exports to non-EU countries.

Download this table Table 1: Both imports and exports of goods rose in June 2024

Figure 1: imports from and exports to both eu and non-eu countries increased in june 2024, eu and non-eu goods imports and exports, excluding precious metals, current prices, seasonally adjusted, june 2021 to june 2024.

After removing the effect of inflation by calculating "chained volume measures" (explained in  Section 12: Glossary ), total goods imports increased by £3.0 billion (7.8%) in June 2024 (Figure 2). Imports from the EU rose by £2.1 billion (9.9%) and imports from non-EU countries rose by £0.9 billion (5.3%).

Total goods exports increased by £2.7 billion (11.0%) in June 2024, after the effect of inflation was removed. This was because exports to the EU increased by £1.5 billion (12.7%), and exports to non-EU countries increased by £1.2 billion (9.4%).

Figure 2: Imports from the EU increased substantially in both value and inflation adjusted terms in June 2024

Imports and exports of goods, excluding precious metals, current prices and chained volume measures, seasonally adjusted, eu and non-eu, june 2021 to june 2024, 3. monthly trade in goods by commodity, goods imports.

Imports from the EU increased by £2.1 billion (8.4%) in June 2024, primarily because of a £1.1 billion rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment (Figure 3). Imports of food and live animals and miscellaneous manufactures each increased by £0.3 billion and there was also a £0.2 billion rise in chemical imports.

The increase in imports of machinery and transport equipment was primarily because of increased imports of mechanical machinery and aircraft from France. The rise in imports of miscellaneous manufactures was linked to increases in other manufactures from Germany.

Imports from non-EU countries increased by £1.2 billion (5.6%) in June 2024. This was mainly because of a £0.6 billion rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment, as well as a £0.2 billion rise in imports of material manufactures.

The rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment was because of an increase in imports of aircraft from the United States and cars from China.

Figure 3: Imports of goods increased in June 2024, because of a rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment from both EU and non-EU countries

Eu and non-eu goods imports by commodity, current prices, seasonally adjusted, june 2022 to june 2024, goods exports.

Exports to the EU increased by £1.4 billion (9.6%) in June 2024. This was primarily because of a £0.8 billion increase in exports of machinery and transport equipment, a £0.3 billion increase in chemical exports, and a £0.2 billion increase in exports of material manufactures and fuels (Figure 4).

The increase in machinery and transport equipment exports was linked to an increase in exports of aircraft and electrical machinery to Germany, and mechanical machinery to France. The rise in chemical exports was linked to a rise in exports of medicinal and pharmaceutical products to Ireland.

Exports to non-EU countries increased by £0.9 billion (5.7%) in June 2024. This was because of a £0.9 billion increase in exports of chemicals, linked to a rise in inorganic chemicals, medicinal and pharmaceutical products and organic chemicals to the United States. Miscellaneous manufactures also increased by £0.3 billion, driven by small rises across multiple countries and commodities.

Figure 4: Exports to non-EU countries rose in June 2024 because of a rise in chemicals exports

Eu and non-eu goods exports by commodity, current prices, seasonally adjusted, june 2022 to june 2024, 4. monthly trade in services.

Early estimates suggest imports of services decreased by around £0.5 billion (1.9%) in value terms in June 2024, while exports rose by £0.2 billion (0.5%) (Figure 5). Although price rises have affected trade in services in recent months, in June 2024 there was little difference between trade in services trends in value and inflation-adjusted terms. Imports in inflation-adjusted terms decreased by £0.6 billion (2.6%) while exports increased by £0.2 billion (0.5%).

Monthly figures for trade in services for June 2024 are estimated from Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2024 data, using additional data sources. Our UK Trade Quality and Methodology Information (QMI) has more detail on how our trade in services statistics are compiled.

The S&P Global Purchasing Managers' Index for June 2024 reported slowing growth in service sector activity, with business activity growing at the slowest rate for seven months. Demand for business services weakened domestically, but foreign spending on services increased.

Figure 5: Imports of services fell, while exports rose in both value and inflation-adjusted terms in June 2024

Imports and exports of services, current prices and chained volume measures, seasonally adjusted, june 2021 to june 2024, 5. quarterly trade in goods and services.

Total imports of goods increased by £9.0 billion (6.6%) in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2024, compared with Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) 2024 (Table 2). Goods imports from the EU increased by £2.8 billion (3.6%), while goods imports from non-EU countries rose by £6.2 billion (10.4%).

Exports of goods increased by £1.2 billion (1.3%) in Quarter 2 2024. Goods exports to the EU increased by £0.5 billion (1.1%), while goods exports to non-EU countries increased by £0.7 billion (1.5%).

Early estimates indicate that imports of services increased by £2.6 billion (3.3%) in Quarter 2 2024 compared with Quarter 1 2024 and exports of services rose by an estimated £3.3 billion (2.8%).

Download this table Table 2: Total imports increased in Quarter 2 2024 because of a rise in imports of both goods and services

6. quarterly trade in goods by commodity.

Imports of goods from the EU increased by £2.8 billion (3.6%) in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2024 compared with Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) 2024, mainly because of a £1.4 billion increase in imports of machinery and transport equipment (Figure 6). There was also a £0.5 billion rise in imports of material manufactures and a £0.4 billion rise in imports of food and live animals.

The rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment was because of increased imports of cars from Belgium, ships from Italy, and mechanical machinery from Germany. The rise in imports of material manufactures was because of increased imports of non-ferrous metals from Switzerland.

Imports from non-EU countries increased by £6.2 billion (10.4%) in Quarter 2 2024, because of a £2.0 billion rise in imports of fuels and a £1.7 billion rise in machinery and transport equipment. Additionally, imports of material manufactures rose by £0.9 billion, and imports of miscellaneous manufactures increased by £0.7 billion.

The rise in imports of fuels was mainly driven by increased imports of refined oil from India following the decrease seen in Quarter 1 2024. The rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment was linked to increased imports of aircraft from the United States and ships from China.

Exports to the EU increased by £0.5 billion (1.1%) in Quarter 2 2024, because of a £0.3 billion rise in chemicals exports and a £0.2 billion rise in material manufactures exports. These increases were partially offset by £0.2 billion falls in exports of both fuels and machinery and transport equipment.

The increase in chemical exports was mainly because of a rise in organic chemicals to Belgium, while the decreases in exports of fuels and machinery and transport equipment were driven by a fall in crude oil exports to Poland and reduced cars to Belgium.

Exports to non-EU countries increased by £0.7 billion (1.5%) in Quarter 2 2024, because of a £0.7 billion rise in exports of machinery and transport equipment and a £0.6 billion rise in chemical exports. This was partially offset by a £0.8 billion fall in exports of material manufactures.

The rise in machinery and transport equipment exports was because of an increase in exports of mechanical machinery to Hong Kong, and the rise in chemicals exports was because of increased exports of medicinal and pharmaceutical products to the United States.

Figure 6: Imports of machinery and transport equipment from both EU and non-EU countries rose in Quarter 2 2024

Changes in imports and exports by goods commodity group, excluding unspecified goods, current prices, seasonally adjusted, quarter 2 (apr to june) 2024 compared with quarter 1 (jan to mar) 2024, 7. quarterly trade in services by account type.

Early estimates indicate that imports of services increased by £2.6 billion (3.3%) in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2024 compared with Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) 2024. The largest rises in imports were a £1.4 billion increase in other business services, a £0.7 billion increase in intellectual property services, and a £0.5 billion increase in construction services (Figure 7). These rises were partially offset by a £0.6 billion decrease in travel services and a £0.2 billion decrease in insurance and pension services.

Exports of services increased by £3.3 billion (2.8%) in Quarter 2 2024, because of rises in several service types including a £1.8 billion rise in other business services, a £0.9 billion rise in travel and a £0.7 billion rise in telecoms, computer, and information services. These increases were partially offset by a £0.4 billion fall in financial services.

Figure 7: Both imports and exports of travel and transport services increased in Quarter 2 2024

Changes in imports and exports by service account type, current prices, seasonally adjusted, quarter 2 (apr to june) 2024 compared with quarter 1 (jan to mar) 2024.

Source: UK trade statistics from the Office for National Statistics

Download this chart figure 7: both imports and exports of travel and transport services increased in quarter 2 2024, 8. quarterly total trade balances.

The total goods and services trade balance, excluding precious metals, widened by £7.1 billion to a deficit of £13.3 billion in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2024 (Figure 8), as imports of goods increased by more than exports. Imports rose by £11.6 billion over this period, and exports increased by £4.5 billion. When removing the effect of inflation, the total trade deficit, excluding precious metals, widened by £6.3 billion to £13.3 billion.

The trade in goods deficit in value terms, excluding precious metals, widened by £7.8 billion to £52.4 billion in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2024, as both goods exports and imports increased. The trade in services surplus is estimated to have widened by £0.7 billion to £39.1 billion, driven by an increase in exports of services.

Figure 8: The trade in goods and services deficit, excluding precious metals, widened in Quarter 2 2024, caused by increased imports of goods

Uk trade balances, current prices, seasonally adjusted, quarterly, quarter 2 (apr to june) 2021 to quarter 2 (apr to june) 2024.

• Quarterly data provide more stable estimates of trade balances, however this may mask trends in monthly data.

Download this chart Figure 8: The trade in goods and services deficit, excluding precious metals, widened in Quarter 2 2024, caused by increased imports of goods

9. explore uk trade in goods country-by-commodity data for 2023.

Explore the 2023 trade in goods data using our interactive tools. Our data break down UK trade in goods with 234 countries by 125 commodities.

Use our map to get a better understanding of what goods the UK traded with a country. Select a country by hovering over it (desktop only) or use the drop-down menu.

For more information about our methods and how we compile these statistics, see our  Trade in goods, country-by-commodity experimental data: 2011 to 2016 article . Users should note that the data published alongside this release are official statistics and no longer experimental.

These data are our best estimate of these bilateral UK trade flows. Users should note that alternative estimates are available, in some cases, through the statistical agencies for bilateral countries or through central databases, such as  United Nations (UN) Comtrade .

This interactive map denotes country boundaries in accordance with statistical classifications set out in Appendix 4 of the  Balance of Payments (BoP) Vademecum (PDF, 2.9MB)  and do not represent the UK policy on disputed territories.

You can also explore the 2023 trade in goods data by commodity, such as car exports to the EU, and UK tea or coffee imports.

Select a commodity from the drop-down menu or select the levels with your digit or cursor to explore the data.

• For more information about our methods and how we compile these statistics, see our  Trade in goods, country-by-commodity experimental data: 2011 to 2016 article . Users should note that the data published alongside this release are no longer experimental.
• These data are our best estimate of these bilateral UK trade flows. Users should note that alternative estimates are available, in some cases, through the statistical agencies for bilateral countries or through central databases, such as  UN Comtrade .
• These interactive charts denote country boundaries in accordance with statistical classifications set out within Appendix 4 of the  Balance of Payments (BoP) Vademecum (PDF, 2.9MB)  and does not represent the UK policy on disputed territories.

10. Revisions

In accordance with the  National Accounts Revisions Policy , the data in this release have been revised from April 2024 to May 2024 for both goods and services.

Blue Book 2024 publication update

The 2024 UK annual national accounts , also known as Blue Book 2024, will incorporate a number of methodological changes focused on data pertaining to recent years, along with the addition of more recent survey and administrative information.

On 7 August we published our Blue Book 2024: advanced aggregate estimates article to give users details of the impact of the 2024 UK national accounts update on current price and chained volumes measure estimates of GDP from 1997 to 2022.

This estimates 2022 for the first time using the supply and use tables (SUTs) framework, as well as improving the estimates of 2020 and 2021 with more recent data. We have also implemented outstanding classification decisions affecting the public sector, as well as improvements to the UK trade gas exports deflator. Additionally, we have updated the base year to 2022 after holding this fixed since the start of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

The next Quarterly National Accounts release on 30 September 2024 will incorporate these revisions, and any updates to 2023 onwards, in our official estimates in line with our National Accounts Revision Policy .

These revisions will be included in our UK trade: August 2024 bulletin publication on 11 October 2024.

Until the Blue Book 2024 data are incorporated into our monthly UK trade estimates on 11 October 2024, our UK trade estimates will continue to have a reference and base year of 2019.

11. UK trade data

UK trade: goods and services publication tables Dataset | Released 15 August 2024 Monthly data on the UK's trade in goods and services, including trade inside and outside the EU.

UK trade time series Dataset MRET | Released 15 August 2024 Monthly value of UK exports and imports of goods and services by current price, chained volume measures (CVMs) and implied deflators (IDEFs).

UK trade in goods by classification of product by activity time series Dataset MQ10 | Released 15 August 2024 Quarterly and annual time series of the value of UK imports and exports of goods grouped by product. Goods are attributed to the activity of which they are the principal products.

Customise my dataset: country by commodity Dataset | Released 15 August 2024 Customisable version of country by commodity data on the UK's trade in goods, including trade by all countries and selected commodities, exports and imports, non-seasonally adjusted.

Other related trade data Dataset web page | Released 15 August 2024 Other UK trade data related to this publication. These include trade in goods for all countries with the UK, monthly export and import country-by-commodity trade in goods data, and revisions triangles for monthly trade data.

12. Glossary

Chained volume measures.

Chained volume measures (CVMs) are a "real" measure in that they have had the effect of inflation removed to measure the change in volume between consecutive periods, fixing the prices of goods and services in one period (known as the base year, which is 2019 for trade).

Current price measures

Current price estimates (CPs) measure the actual price paid for goods or services and are not adjusted for inflation. Unless otherwise stated, all current price data are provided in £ million and are seasonally adjusted.

Inflation is the change in the average price level of goods and services over a period of time.

Implied deflators

An implied deflator (IDEF) shows the implied change in average prices for the respective components of the trade balance, for example, the IDEF for imports will show the average price movement for imports.

Precious metals and non-monetary gold

Precious metals include precious metals, silver, platinum and palladium, and it forms part of the commodity group "unspecified goods". Non-monetary gold comprises the majority of this group and is the technical term for gold bullion not owned by central banks.

Trade balance

The trade balance is the difference between exports and imports or exports minus imports. When the value of exports is greater than the value of imports, the trade balance is in surplus. When the value of imports is greater than the value of exports, the trade balance is in deficit. The balance is sometimes referred to as "net exports".

A full  Glossary of economic terms  is available.

13. Data sources and quality

The UK leaving the EU and the subsequent transition period, along with the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, supply chain disruption and global recession, have caused higher levels of volatility in trade statistics in recent years. The monthly analysis shows short-term trade movements, but it is important to note that monthly data can be erratic, so movements should be treated with caution.

Data collection changes

Since the UK left the EU on 31 January 2020, the arrangements for how the UK trades with the EU changed.

HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) implemented some data collection changes following Brexit, which affected statistics on UK trade in goods with the EU. We have made adjustments to our estimates of goods imports from the EU in 2021 and 2022 to account for these changes, however a structural break remains in the full time series for goods imports from and exports to the EU from January 2021.

We advise caution when interpreting and drawing conclusions from these statistics. Our article,  Impact of trade in goods data collection changes on UK trade statistics: summary of adjustments and the structural break from 2021 , provides more detail.

Data sources

Data from HMRC make up over 90% of trade in goods value and are the main source for this release. Data from the quarterly International Trade in Services (ITIS) Survey make up over 50% of trade in services data. View our  UK Trade Quality and Methodology Information (QMI)  for more detail. 

Data from the International Passenger Survey (IPS) are the main source for travel services, historically making up around 8% of total imports. The survey has now fully resumed following the suspension in 2020.

Unless otherwise specified, data within this bulletin are in current prices and have not been adjusted to remove the effects of inflation. In line with international standards, our headline trade statistics contain the UK's exports and imports of non-monetary gold. More information can be found in National Accounts articles: A brief explanation of non-monetary gold in national accounts .

Trade is measured through both exports and imports of goods and services. Data are supplied by over 30 sources, including several administrative sources, with HMRC being the largest for trade in goods.

Our UK trade figures are produced using country of dispatch, which records imports as coming from the country dispatching the shipments. However, trade figures can also be produced using country of origin, as is used by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ). Users should be aware of the different accounting methods used and the resulting differences across trade figures.

Monthly trade in services data are taken from quarterly trade in services data and split across the months within that quarter through estimation. In months where we have a full quarter's data, we revise previous estimates of monthly values within that quarter.

View more detailed information about the methods used to produce UK trade statistics in our  UK Trade methodology .

Strengths and limitations

National statistics designation status.

The  UK Statistics Authority suspended the National Statistics designation of UK trade (PDF, 72.9KB) on 14 November 2014. We have now responded to all of the specific requirements of the Office for Statistics Regulation's (OSR's) reassessment of UK trade . As part of our engagement with the OSR team, we are sharing our continuous improvement and development plans to support UK trade statistics regaining  Accredited official statistics status . We welcome feedback on our new trade statistics, developments, and future plans, by email to  [email protected] .

Trade asymmetries

Asymmetries can be caused by a range of conceptual and measurement variations between the estimation practices of different countries. Statistical agencies are likely to have different source data, estimation methods, and methodological, geographical, and definitional differences. HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) publishes more  information on UK trade asymmetries . We publish analysis on trade in services asymmetries in our  Asymmetries in trade data articles .

More quality and methodology information (QMI) on strengths, limitations, appropriate uses, and how the data were created is available in our  UK Trade QMI .

14. Related links

UK trade in goods, year in review: 2023 Article | Released 1 March 2024 Analysis of UK trade in goods in 2023 in the context of volatile pricing trends.

Impact of trade in goods data collection changes on UK trade statistics: summary of adjustments and the structural break from 2021 Article | Released 22 January 2024 Details of the structural break affecting goods imports from and exports to the EU from January 2021, resulting from the move from Intrastat to customs declarations.

Trading places: How we are producing consistent estimates of trade figures following the UK's EU exit Blog post | Released 10 February 2023 A blog summarising the changes to the way trade in goods is recorded following the UK's exit from the EU, and how we are responding to their impact.

Focus on UK trade Article series | Latest release 26 January 2023 A series of articles taking a closer look at emerging themes in UK trade statistics.

The impact of sanctions on UK trade with Russia: November 2022 Article | Released 26 January 2023 An analysis of the impact of economic sanctions of UK trade in goods with Russia.

Different ways of measuring trade: Where do our imports come from? Blog post | Released 26 January 2023 A blog outlining the differences between country of origin and country of dispatch for import statistics.

15. Cite this statistical bulletin

Office for National Statistics (ONS), released 15 August 2024, ONS website, statistical bulletin, UK trade: June 2024

Contact details for this Statistical bulletin

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Presented with rise in border crossings, Kamala Harris chose a long-term approach to the problem

FILE - Vice President Kamala Harris stands in front of mountains during a news conference, June 25, 2021, at the airport after her tour of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Central Processing Center in El Paso, Texas. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin, File)

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WASHINGTON (AP) — President Joe Biden , watching tens of thousands of migrants from Central America reach the U.S.-Mexico border just a few months into his administration, tapped his second-in-command to help address the influx — a decision that has exposed Vice President Kamala Harris to one of her biggest political liabilities.

In grappling with migration , Harris proceeded cautiously. She focused her time and prestige on boosting private investment in El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala, the so-called Northern Triangle; her goal was to help create jobs to bolster economies and dissuade migrants from making the perilous journey to the United States.

It was a decidedly long-term — and limited — approach to a humanitarian crisis, and it has allowed Republicans to tie her to the broader fight over the border. While migration from the Northern Triangle ebbed, it surged from other nations, sparking an emergency at the U.S.-Mexico border, one that Republicans have aggressively sought to exploit at Harris’ expense.

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A review of Harris’ work on immigration reveals a record that is more nuanced than the one presented by her critics or allies. It also provides insights into how Harris — who took over as the Democratic standard-bearer when Biden dropped out of the presidential race last month — might tackle one of the nation’s most vexing concerns.

Harris was never the “border czar,” or put in charge of border security or halting illegal border crossings, as former President Donald Trump, Republicans and even the occasional media outlet have claimed. Instead, she was tasked in March 2021 with tackling the “root causes” of migration from the Northern Triangle and pushing its leaders — along with Mexico’s — to enforce immigration laws, administration officials said.

Harris’ backers say she demonstrated leadership by leveraging her stature to win investments that might curb migration years down the road.

Vice President Kamala Harris, right, smiles as women speak to her about their businesses during a meeting with Guatemalan women entrepreneurs and innovators at the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, June 7, 2021, in Guatemala City. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin, File)

“She felt — and I think she was right — that what she could do the most was help basically lead the effort to draw in investment, using the confidence that a relationship with the White House would give to investors,” said Ricardo Zúniga, a former State Department official who specialized in the Northern Triangle and who traveled with Harris to the region.

Critics contend that she could have done far more but chose a less risky path, ensuring the problem only worsened.

“She was like, ‘nope, I’m just root causes,’’” said Mark Krikorian, executive director of the Center for Immigration Studies, which advocates for less immigration. “Even if it worked, it’s the sort of thing that takes generations, not one term.”

He also said there was no evidence that Harris pushed Mexico and the Northern Triangle nations to enforce immigration laws.

Harris has defended her work, and her campaign began running a television ad Friday that said Harris as president would “hire thousands more border agents and crack down on fentanyl and human trafficking.” Democrats have also blasted Trump for helping tank a bipartisan immigration bill earlier this year that would have increased funding for border security, including the hiring of new Customs and Border Protection personnel.

Trump “has been talking a big game on securing the border, but he does not walk the walk,” the vice president said last month in Atlanta . Later, she added, “Donald Trump does not care about border security. He only cares about himself.”

Immigration becomes a big political issue

Immigration has long been an issue that motivates Trump and his base of supporters, and polls show it is among the most important issues on the minds of voters. As a presidential candidate in 2016, Trump said he would build a wall along the border between the United States and Mexico and get Mexico to pay for it. Trump was not able to complete the project, and Mexico did not fund the part of the barrier that was constructed. The former president also used explosive language to describe immigrants, launching his campaign by suggesting Mexico was sending its “rapists” and criminals to the United States.

While in office, Trump sought to tightly restrict asylum, which was challenged in the courts. This time around, Trump has promised to oversee a “mass deportation” of migrants who have committed crimes in the United States.

Vice President Kamala Harris walks to board Air Force Two to return to Washington, Jan. 27, 2022, in Palmerola, Honduras. (Erin Schaff/The New York Times via AP, Pool, File)

Migration numbers have spiked and dropped during both presidencies. Border Patrol arrests on the southern border fell in Trump’s first year in office, then shot back up his next two, rising to more than 850,000 in 2019. The numbers plunged in 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic before rising even higher during Biden’s presidency, reaching a peak of more than 250,000 encounters in December 2023, before falling below 84,000 in June of 2024, federal statistics show.

When Biden took office, he reversed dozens of Trump’s moves on immigration even as apprehension numbers began to rise.

Harris was put in a ‘difficult spot’

Harris received the migration assignment when border crossings were rising, garnering considerable attention and leading to bipartisan calls for action.

Chris Newman, an immigration rights advocate in Los Angeles, said Harris was put in a difficult spot.

“She was tasked with developing a long-term policy framework rather than creating a short-term political performance project,” said Newman, the legal director of the National Day Laborer Organizing Network.

Biden and Harris had taken office only two months before, and Harris was under pressure to build her policy portfolio. When he was vice president, Biden had taken on a similar role on immigration. In 2021, though, Harris was dealing with an especially challenging situation given the lack of governing partners in the region. El Salvador’s new president, Nayib Bukele, had a fraught relationship with the administration due to human rights questions raised by his crackdown on crime in his nation. The man who was then president of Honduras has since been convicted of drug trafficking.

The headaches for Harris began almost immediately, validating the concerns of some on her team that it was a no-win assignment.

Harris traveled to Mexico and Guatemala in June 2021, where she defended the fact she had not been to the U.S.-Mexico border during an interview with NBC’s Lester Holt by saying she hadn’t “been to Europe. And I mean, I don’t … understand the point that you’re making.”

She also drew criticism on that trip for warning migrants bluntly: “Don’t come” to the U.S.

Harris decided to focus on bringing private investment to the region, tapping into a network of business and nonprofit executives and using the prestige of the White House to signal the Biden administration was backing this effort.

The work linked multinational companies — like Visa, Nestle and Meta — with smaller nonprofits and Latin American businesses, all of which pledged to increase their investments or bolster their work with at-risk communities.

Vice President Kamala Harris and Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador wave from the balcony of the Eisenhower Executive Office Building on the White House complex in Washington, Nov. 18, 2021. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh, File)

Focused on private investment

The Associated Press contacted all the nearly two dozen companies the White House touted as participants in the outreach effort. Some, like AgroAmerica, a sustainable food corporation, that pledged to invest more than $100 million in six new projects, reported their work had begun and they were on track to meet their investment goals. Others, including Columbia Sportswear Company, said they would likely surpass their pledges.

Most companies, however, either declined to comment or did not respond when asked about their efforts.

The vice president’s office has said Harris’ efforts have generated more than $5.2 billion in investment promises. In an illustration of how long it takes the promises to translate into concrete spending, the State Department reported that companies have plowed nearly $1.3 billion in the region as of June 2024, the bulk of it in Guatemala and Honduras.

“We are on track to exceed our commitments,” Peter Bragdon, a top executive at Columbia Sportswear Company, said of their promise to purchase up to $200 million in products from the region. That pledge would create nearly 7,000 jobs over five years, the company said. The executive called Harris’ efforts a “work in progress” but “a smart approach.”

Katie Tobin, who worked as the top migration adviser at the National Security Council for three years, credited Harris’ focus with spurring investment in reducing these numbers, arguing that Harris “was able to leverage her credibility” and the power of the White House to persuade companies to invest in “a risky investment environment.”

“That was very much Kamala Harris,” she added. “I have never seen something like that done before in this space and it made a real impact.”

Republican Sen. Rick Scott of Florida, a sharp critic of Harris, said the vice president and White House were taking credit for investments that would have been made anyway.

The companies are “not doing it because someone asked them to,” said Scott, who co-founded a major medical company. “They’re doing it because it makes economic sense.”

Addressed corruption

Harris also sought to address endemic corruption that has fueled migration from Central America. Before her 2021 trip to Guatemala, Harris met with a group of exiled Guatemalan prosecutors and judges in Washington.

Among them was Thelma Aldana, a former chief prosecutor who fled her country after what she said were politically motivated corruption charges.

“I came out of it convinced that she has a genuine interest in seeing things change in Central America,” Aldana said.

The vice president also deserves credit for helping stop Guatemala’s former president, Alejandro Giammattei, from overturning the 2023 election of his successor, Bernardo Arévalo, according to Luis Von Ahn, a U.S.-based technology entrepreneur from Guatemala.

“Giammattei didn’t want to leave power, the administration of Kamala Harris came and told him ’stop (messing) around,’” said Von Ahn, the founder of the language app Duolingo. “That’s a big help to Guatemala. If an extremely corrupt president doesn’t want to leave it’s terrible and (his exit) lets us be a better country.”

Verdict is out on Harris’ approach

While the Harris campaign and White House have pointed to statistics that show migration from Northern Triangle countries has dropped substantially since early 2021, there is debate over what is responsible for that drop.

Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Conn., said Harris and the administration deserve credit for the reduction because their efforts “worked.”

Independent analysts, however, said they were skeptical that Harris’ approach was responsible for the dip. They said the decrease was likely driven by regional factors, including the ascension of El Salvador’s new president and his aggressive drive to combat violent crime. His government reported a 70% drop in homicides in 2023.

Julia Gelatt, associate director of the Migration Policy Institute in Washington, said investment can take years to alter migration patterns — if it ever does.

“Even a whole lot of economic development doesn’t curb immigration in the way countries hope it will,” Gelatt said.

Riccardi reported from Denver. Associated Press writer Sonia Pérez D. in Guatemala City contributed to this story.

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