industrial critical thinking training

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Critical Thinking Cornell Certificate Program

Overview and courses.

Have you ever known a very intelligent person who made a very bad decision?

Critical problem solving is both a discipline and a skill; one that even very smart people can benefit from learning. Careful thought around decisions can help your teams and organizations thrive. And in today’s age of automation, it’s never been a more essential mindset to develop at every level of a company.

In this certificate program, you will practice a disciplined, systematic approach to problem solving. You will learn how to deeply analyze a problem, assess possible solutions and associated risks, and hone your strategic decision-making skills by following a methodology based on tested actions and sound approaches. Whether you’re interested in preparing for a management role or already lead an execution function, you’ll come away better equipped to confidently tackle any decision large or small, make a compelling business case, and apply influence in your organization in a way that creates the optimal conditions for success.

The courses in this certificate program are required to be completed in the order that they appear.

This program includes a year of free access to Symposium! These events feature several days of live, highly participatory virtual Zoom sessions with Cornell faculty and experts to explore the most pressing leadership topics. Symposium events are held several times throughout the year. Once enrolled in your program, you will receive information about upcoming events.

Throughout the year, you may participate in as many sessions as you wish. Attending Symposium sessions is not required to successfully complete the certificate program.

Course list

Problem-solving using evidence and critical thinking.

Have you ever known a very intelligent person who made a very bad decision? If so, you know that having a high IQ does not guarantee that you automatically make critically thoughtful decisions. Critically thoughtful problem-solving is a discipline and a skill—one that allows you to make decisions that are the product of careful thought, and the results of those decisions help your team and organization thrive.

In this course you will practice a disciplined, systematic approach to problem solving that helps ensure that your analysis of a problem is comprehensive, is based on quality, credible evidence, and takes full and fair account of the most probable counterarguments and risks. The result of this technique is a thoroughly defensible assessment of what the problem is, what is causing it, and the most effective plan of action to address it. Finally, you will identify and frame a problem by assessing its context and develop a well-reasoned and implementable solution that addresses the underlying causes.

Making a Convincing Case for Your Solution

When trying to persuade someone, the tendency is to begin in advocacy mode—for example: “Here's something I want you to agree to.” Most people do not react positively to the feeling of being sold something. The usual reaction is to literally or figuratively start backing up. To make a convincing case, it is more effective to engage with the decision maker as a partner in problem-solving. This makes your counterpart feel less like someone is trying to get them to buy something and more like you are working together to bring about an outcome that is desirable to both parties. Begin by asking yourself: “What is the problem you and the decision maker are solving together?”

By the end of this course, you will have learned how to deeply analyze a problem, possible solutions, and the associated risks as well as the most persuasive and efficient ways of presenting your proposal.

You are required to have completed the following course or have equivalent experience before taking this course:

• Solve Problems Using Evidence and Critical Thinking

Strategic Decision Making

The ability to make effective and timely decisions is an essential skill for successful executives. Mastery of this skill influences all aspects of day-to-day operations as well as strategic planning. In this course, developed by Professor Robert Bloomfield, Ph.D. of Cornell University's Johnson Graduate School of Management, you will hone your decision-making skills by following a methodology based on tested actions and sound organizational approaches. You will leave this course better equipped to confidently tackle any decision large or small, and you'll do so in a way that creates the optimal conditions for success.

Navigating Power Relationships

Leaders at every level need to be able to execute on their ideas. In virtually every case, this means that leaders need to be able to persuade others to join in this execution. In order to do so, understanding how to create and utilize power in an organization is critical.

In this course, developed by Professor Glen Dowell, Ph.D., of Cornell University's Johnson Graduate School of Management, students will focus on their personal relationship with power as well as how power works in their organization and social network.

Project Management Institute (PMI ® ) Continuing Certification : Participants who successfully complete this course will receive 6 Professional Development Units (PDUs) from PMI ® . Please contact PMI ® for details about professional project management certification or recertification.

Interpreting the Behavior of Others

Applying strategic influence.

Being able to influence others is the most fundamental characteristic of an effective leader, but many people in positions of power don't know specifically how they are influencing others' behavior in positive directions. They let it happen by chance or use their formal authority—getting people to do things because “the boss said so.” But as leaders gets promoted within their organization, using formal authority becomes less effective as they not only need to influence subordinates, but also peers, external stakeholders, and superiors.  In this course, Professor Filipowicz explores the three complementary levels of influence. First, you will explore heuristics, or rules of thumb, that people use in order to make decisions. Next, you will learn how to influence through reciprocity by uncovering what the person you want to influence wants and needs. Lastly, you will learn how to alter the social and physical environment in order to get the change in behavior you want. By the end of this course, you'll have the skills to consistently draw out the desired behaviors from your team and from those around you. 

Leadership Symposium   LIVE

Symposium sessions feature three days of live, highly interactive virtual Zoom sessions that will explore today’s most pressing topics. The Leadership Symposium offers you a unique opportunity to engage in real-time conversations with peers and experts from the Cornell community and beyond. Using the context of your own experiences, you will take part in reflections and small-group discussions to build on the skills and knowledge you have gained from your courses.

Join us for the next Symposium in which we’ll discuss the ways that leaders across industries have continued engaging their teams over the past two years while pivoting in strategic ways. You will support your coursework by applying your knowledge and experiences to relevant topics for leaders. Throughout this Symposium, you will examine different areas of leadership, including innovation, strategy, and engagement. By participating in relevant and engaging discussions, you will discover a variety of perspectives and build connections with your fellow participants from various industries.

Upcoming Symposium: June 4-6, 2024 from 11am – 1pm ET

• Building a Culture of Collaboration
• Identifying Common Barriers to Performance
• Setting Yourself Up For Successful Buy-in

All sessions are held on Zoom.

Future dates are subject to change. You may participate in as many sessions as you wish. Attending Symposium sessions is not required to successfully complete any certificate program. Once enrolled in your courses, you will receive information about upcoming events. Accessibility accommodations will be available upon request.

How It Works

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Faculty Authors

• Certificates Authored

Risa Mish is professor of practice of management at the Johnson Graduate School of Management. She designed and teaches the MBA Core course in Critical and Strategic Thinking, in addition to teaching courses in leadership and serving as faculty co-director of the Johnson Leadership Fellows program.

She has been the recipient of the MBA Core Faculty Teaching Award, selected by the residential program MBA class to honor the teacher who “best fosters learning through lecture, discussion and course work in the required core curriculum”; the Apple Award for Teaching Excellence, selected by the MBA graduating classes to honor a faculty member who “exemplifies outstanding leadership and enduring educational influence”; the “Best Teacher Award”, selected by the graduating class of the Cornell-Tsinghua dual degree MBA/FMBA program offered by Johnson at Cornell and the PBC School of Finance at Tsinghua University; the Stephen Russell Distinguished Teaching Award, selected by the five-year MBA reunion class to honor a faculty member whose “teaching and example have continued to influence graduates five years into their post-MBA careers”; and the Globe Award for Teaching Excellence, selected by the Executive MBA graduating class to honor a faculty member who “demonstrates a command of subject matter and also possesses the creativity, dedication, and enthusiasm essential to meet the unique challenges of an EMBA education.”

Mish serves as a keynote speaker and workshop leader at global, national, and regional conferences for corporations and trade associations in the consumer products, financial services, health care, high tech, media, and manufacturing industries, on a variety of topics, including critical thinking and problem solving, persuasion and influence, and motivating optimal employee performance. Before returning to Cornell, Mish was a partner in the New York City law firm of Collazo Carling & Mish LLP (now Collazo Florentino & Keil LLP), where she represented management clients on a wide range of labor and employment law matters, including defense of employment discrimination claims in federal and state courts and administrative agencies, and in labor arbitrations and negotiations under collective bargaining agreements. Prior to CC&M, Mish was a labor and employment law associate with Simpson Thacher & Bartlett in New York City, where she represented Fortune 500 clients in the financial services, consumer products, and manufacturing industries. She is admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court and state and federal courts in New York and Massachusetts.

Mish is a member of the board of directors of SmithBucklin Corporation, the world’s largest trade association management company, headquartered in Chicago and TheraCare Corporation, headquartered in New York City. She formerly served as a Trustee of the Tompkins County Public Library, Vice Chair of the board of directors of the Community Foundation of Tompkins County, and member of the board of directors of the United Way of Tompkins County.

• Omnichannel Leadership Program
• Corporate Communication
• Intrapreneurship
• Management 360

Critical Thinking

• Performance Leadership
• Executive Leadership
• Change Management

Glen Dowell is an Associate Professor of Management and Organizations at the Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University. He researches in the area of corporate sustainability, with a focus on firm environmental performance. Recent projects have investigated the effect of local demographic factors on changes in pollution levels, the role of corporate merger and acquisition in facilitating changes in facility environmental performance, and the relative influence of financial return and disruption on the commercial adoption of energy savings initiatives.

Professor Dowell’s research has been published in Management Science, Organization Studies, Advances in Strategic Management, Strategic Management Journal, Organization Science, Journal of Management, Industrial and Corporate Change, Journal of Business Ethics, and Administrative Science Quarterly. He is senior editor at Organization Science and co-editor of Strategic Organization, is on the editorial boards of Strategic Management Journal and Administrative Science Quarterly, and represents Cornell on the board of the Alliance for Research in Corporate Sustainability (ARCS). He is also the Division Chair for the Organizations and Natural Environment Division of the Academy of Management.

Professor Dowell teaches Sustainable Global Enterprise and Critical and Strategic Thinking. He is a faculty affiliate for the Center for Sustainable Global Enterprise and a faculty fellow at the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future.

• Sustainable Business
• Hotel Management and Owner Relations
• Strategic Healthcare Leadership
• Executive Healthcare Leadership

Since coming to the Johnson Graduate School of Management in 1991, Robert J. Bloomfield has used laboratory experiments to study financial markets and investor behavior. He has also published in all major business disciplines, including finance, accounting, marketing, organizational behavior, and operations research. Professor Bloomfield served as director of the Financial Accounting Standards Research Initiative (FASRI), an activity of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and is an editor of a special issue of Journal of Accounting Research dedicated to Registered Reports of empirical research. Professor Bloomfield has recently taken on editorship of Journal of Financial Reporting, which is pioneering an innovative editorial process intended to broaden the range of research methods used in accounting, improve the quality of research execution, and encourage the honest reporting of findings.

• Management Accounting for Leaders
• Management Accounting

Allan Filipowicz is clinical professor of management and organizations at the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University. Professor Filipowicz’s research focuses on how emotions drive or impede leadership effectiveness, at both the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels. Within this domain, he studies the relationship between emotions and risky decision making; the influence of humor on both leadership and negotiation effectiveness; the impact of emotional transitions in negotiations; and the relationship between genes, chronotype (morningness–eveningness) and performance. His work has been published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, Journal of Operations Management, International Journal of Forecasting, Creativity Research Journal, Journal of Circadian Rhythms, and Scientific Reports.

Professor Filipowicz teaches Managing and Leading Organizations (recently winning a Best Core Faculty Award), Negotiations, Executive Leadership and Development, Leading Teams, and Critical and Strategic Thinking. He has taught executives across the globe, from Singapore to Europe to the US, with recent clients including Medtronic, Bayer, Google, Pernod Ricard, and Harley-Davidson. Professor Filipowicz received his PhD from Harvard University. He holds an MBA from The Wharton School, an MA in International Affairs from the University of Pennsylvania, and degrees in electrical engineering (MEng, BS) and economics (BA) from Cornell University. His professional experience includes banking (Bankers Trust, New York) and consulting, including running his own boutique consulting firm and four years with The Boston Consulting Group in Paris.

• Adaptive Healthcare Strategy
• Negotiation Mastery
• Psychology of Leadership

Key Course Takeaways

• Respond decisively and consistently when faced with situations that require a decision
• Assess the context of the problem
• Summarize your analysis of the problem
• Analyze potential solutions from multiple perspectives
• Build a compelling business case for your solution
• Improve your ability to exercise influence in your organization and activate your network to achieve goals
• Establish responsibilities and accountabilities to ensure effective follow-through on decisions made

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What You'll Earn

• Critical Thinking Certificate from Cornell Johnson Graduate School of Management
• 60 Professional Development Hours (6 CEUs)
• 38 Professional Development Units (PDUs) toward PMI recertification
• 30 Professional Development Credits (PDCs) toward SHRM-CP and SHRM-SCP recertification
• 30 Credit hours towards HRCI recertification

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Who should enroll.

• C-level executives, VPs, managers
• Industry leaders with 2-10+ years experience
• Mid-level professionals looking to move into leadership roles
• Engineers and designers leading projects
• Consultants or analysts
• Anyone whose work involves devising, proposing, and defending evidence-based solutions

“eCornell puts you in control of your education entrepreneurship. It allows you to choose what you need to learn and how you need to learn it at the right time.”

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JMP ® Education

Getting started, statistical thinking for industrial problem solving.

This free self-paced eLearning course is for anyone seeking to develop core competency in applied problem-solving with data and statistics. It addresses the Statistical Thinking for Industrial Problem Solving certification exam content areas and tasks. This 25- to 30-hour e-learning course blends mini-lectures, case studies, demos, practices, and quizzes to provide an applied and interactive learning experience. Topics are grouped into seven stand-alone modules, and each module takes three to five hours to complete. Access to JMP software is provided in a virtual lab, along with the JMP Start Statistics eBook and other resources.

Registration Fee: Free

• Prerequisites
• Course Outline

Learn how to:

• Map a process, define and scope your project, and determine the data that you need to solve your problem.
• Describe data with graphics and use interactive visualizations to find and communicate the story in your data.
• Use tools to quantify, control, and reduce variation in your product, service, or process.
• Draw inferences from data, construct statistical intervals, perform hypothesis tests, and understand the relationship between sample size and power.
• Examine the linear association between pairs of variables.
• Fit and interpret linear and logistic regression models.
• Speak the language of design of experiments (DOE).
• Design, conduct, and analyze an experiment in JMP.
• Identify possible relationships, build predictive models, and derive value from free-form text.

Knowledge of JMP software is helpful, but not required.

This course addresses JMP software.

Statistical Thinking and Problem Solving

Exploratory Data Analysis

Quality Methods

Decision Making with Data

Correlation and Regression

Design of Experiments

Predictive Modeling and Text Mining

Free e-Learning

Don’t see a course you want listed on the dates that you need? Contact us at [email protected] .

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• Managing Teams
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• The Big Idea
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• HBR Learning
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• Account Settings
• Email Preferences

A Short Guide to Building Your Team’s Critical Thinking Skills

• Matt Plummer

Critical thinking isn’t an innate skill. It can be learned.

Most employers lack an effective way to objectively assess critical thinking skills and most managers don’t know how to provide specific instruction to team members in need of becoming better thinkers. Instead, most managers employ a sink-or-swim approach, ultimately creating work-arounds to keep those who can’t figure out how to “swim” from making important decisions. But it doesn’t have to be this way. To demystify what critical thinking is and how it is developed, the author’s team turned to three research-backed models: The Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment, Pearson’s RED Critical Thinking Model, and Bloom’s Taxonomy. Using these models, they developed the Critical Thinking Roadmap, a framework that breaks critical thinking down into four measurable phases: the ability to execute, synthesize, recommend, and generate.

With critical thinking ranking among the most in-demand skills for job candidates , you would think that educational institutions would prepare candidates well to be exceptional thinkers, and employers would be adept at developing such skills in existing employees. Unfortunately, both are largely untrue.

• Matt Plummer (@mtplummer) is the founder of Zarvana, which offers online programs and coaching services to help working professionals become more productive by developing time-saving habits. Before starting Zarvana, Matt spent six years at Bain & Company spin-out, The Bridgespan Group, a strategy and management consulting firm for nonprofits, foundations, and philanthropists.  

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Thinking Critically

• 6 Courses | 2h 24m 11s
• 9 Books | 18h 50m
• 4 Audiobooks | 27h 21m 49s

COURSES INCLUDED

EARN A DIGITAL BADGE WHEN YOU COMPLETE THESE COURSES

Skillsoft is providing you the opportunity to earn a digital badge upon successful completion on some of our courses, which can be shared on any social network or business platform.

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Understanding What is Industrial Education: Key Insights

Table of Contents

Industrial education is a term that refers to a specific type of vocational education that prepares individuals for careers in the industrial sector. It focuses on providing practical knowledge and skills that are directly applicable to jobs in industries such as manufacturing, construction, engineering, and logistics. Industrial education programs typically include hands-on training, technical courses, and real-world work experiences to ensure that students are well-prepared for the demands of the modern industrial workforce. This article will explore the definition, importance, benefits, and career opportunities in industrial education, shedding light on its role in shaping the US workforce for the modern industrial economy.

Key Takeaways:

• Industrial education prepares individuals for careers in the industrial sector.
• It focuses on providing practical knowledge and skills for industries like manufacturing, construction, engineering, and logistics.
• Hands-on training, technical courses, and real-world work experiences are integral to industrial education programs.
• Industrial education plays a crucial role in shaping the US workforce for the modern industrial economy.
• It offers diverse career opportunities and contributes to economic growth and innovation.

Defining Industrial Education: What Does it Encompass?

Industrial education is a comprehensive educational approach that aims to equip individuals with the knowledge and skills needed to thrive in industrial occupations. It goes beyond traditional academic learning and focuses on practical, hands-on training that is directly applicable to specific industrial sectors. Industrial education programs can include vocational training, technical courses, apprenticeships, and industry-specific certifications.

The goal of industrial education is to bridge the gap between education and the needs of the industrial workforce. It prepares individuals for the practical challenges of the workplace by emphasizing the development of technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and teamwork. Through industrial education, individuals gain a deep understanding of the principles and practices within their chosen field, ensuring they are well-prepared for the demands of the modern industrial economy.

Key Elements of Industrial Education:

• Vocational training and technical courses
• Hands-on, experiential learning
• Industry-specific certifications
• Apprenticeships and internships
• Development of technical skills
• Emphasis on problem-solving and teamwork

Overall, industrial education encompasses a comprehensive set of educational programs and initiatives that aim to prepare individuals for successful careers in industrial occupations. It provides the practical skills, knowledge, and competencies needed to excel in the modern industrial workforce.

The Importance of Industrial Education in the Modern Economy

Industrial education plays a crucial role in the modern economy by providing a skilled workforce that can meet the demands of the industrial sector. As industries become increasingly advanced and technology-driven, the need for highly trained and specialized workers is more pronounced than ever. Industrial education equips individuals with the practical skills and technical knowledge necessary for jobs in fields such as manufacturing, engineering, construction, and logistics. By investing in industrial education, countries can ensure a steady supply of skilled workers, drive economic growth, and maintain a competitive edge in the global market.

One of the key reasons why industrial education is important is its ability to address the skills gap in the industrial sector. Many industries face a shortage of qualified workers with the necessary technical abilities to fill the available positions. Industrial education programs bridge this gap by providing individuals with the training and qualifications needed for these in-demand roles. By doing so, industrial education not only helps individuals secure employment but also supports the growth and development of industries.

Furthermore, industrial education fosters innovation and technological advancement. As industries continue to evolve and embrace new technologies, there is a growing need for workers who can effectively utilize and adapt to these innovations. Industrial education equips individuals with the skills to understand and leverage advanced technologies, such as automation, artificial intelligence, and data analytics. This enables industries to remain competitive and meet the ever-changing demands of the modern economy.

In addition to its impact on the economy, industrial education also benefits individuals on a personal level. By obtaining practical skills and industry-specific knowledge, individuals increase their employability and expand their career opportunities. Graduates of industrial education programs can pursue careers in a wide range of industries, and often find themselves in high-demand positions with competitive salaries. Industrial education also promotes personal growth and lifelong learning, empowering individuals to continually adapt to evolving industry trends and technologies.

Key benefits of industrial education include:

• Addressing the skills gap in the industrial sector
• Supporting economic growth and development
• Driving innovation and technological advancement
• Expanding career opportunities for individuals
• Promoting personal growth and lifelong learning

Overall, the importance of industrial education in the modern economy cannot be understated. It provides the necessary skills, knowledge, and qualifications for individuals to succeed in industrial occupations, while also driving economic growth and fostering innovation. By investing in industrial education, countries can ensure a skilled workforce that is well-equipped to meet the demands of the evolving industrial landscape.

Advantages and Benefits of Industrial Education

Industrial education offers numerous advantages and benefits for individuals and society as a whole. Firstly, it provides individuals with the opportunity to acquire valuable skills that are in high demand in the job market. This increases their employability and opens up a wide range of career opportunities in the industrial sector. Whether it’s learning technical skills in manufacturing, construction, or engineering, or developing specialized knowledge in logistics and supply chain management, industrial education equips individuals with the tools they need to stand out in a competitive job market.

Moreover, industrial education takes a hands-on and experiential approach to learning, preparing individuals for the practical challenges of the workplace. Through real-world projects, internships, and apprenticeships, students gain valuable work experience and establish industry connections. This not only enhances their problem-solving abilities and adaptability but also helps them develop essential teamwork and communication skills. Employers value such practical experience and the ability to collaborate effectively in a team-based environment, making individuals with an industrial education background highly sought after in the workforce.

An industrial education also equips individuals with skills that are transferable across industries. The problem-solving, critical thinking, and project management skills developed through industrial education can be applied in a variety of contexts, giving individuals the flexibility to explore different career paths within and outside of the industrial sector. This versatility is particularly valuable in today’s rapidly changing job market, where individuals may need to adapt and switch industries throughout their careers. Industrial education provides a solid foundation of skills that can be built upon and applied in various professional settings.

The benefits of industrial education can be summarized as follows:

• Increased employability and career opportunities
• Hands-on and experiential learning
• Development of problem-solving and adaptability skills
• Establishment of industry connections through internships and apprenticeships
• Transferable skills applicable across industries

In conclusion, industrial education offers numerous advantages and benefits, ranging from increased employability and career opportunities to the development of transferable skills. By equipping individuals with practical knowledge and hands-on experience, industrial education prepares them for the demands of the modern industrial workforce. Whether it’s gaining technical skills, honing problem-solving abilities, or establishing industry connections, individuals with an industrial education background are well-equipped to succeed in their chosen career paths.

Industrial Education Programs and Curriculum

Industrial education programs are designed to provide students with the necessary knowledge and skills to excel in the industrial sector. These programs offer a comprehensive curriculum that combines theoretical learning with practical hands-on training. Students enrolled in industrial education programs can expect a diverse range of courses that cover various aspects of industrial occupations.

The curriculum of industrial education programs includes subjects such as mechanics, electrical systems, engineering principles, industrial safety, logistics, and computer-aided design. These courses are carefully developed to ensure that students gain a solid foundation in the fundamental principles of industrial operations. Additionally, industrial education programs often collaborate with industry experts to ensure that the curriculum is up-to-date and aligned with current industry standards.

One of the unique features of industrial education programs is the emphasis on hands-on training. Students have the opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in practical scenarios, allowing them to develop valuable skills that are directly applicable to industrial occupations. Furthermore, internships and apprenticeships are often integrated into the curriculum, providing students with real-world work experience and the chance to establish professional connections within the industry.

Benefits of Industrial Education Programs:

• Equip students with practical skills and knowledge for industrial occupations
• Collaborate with industry experts to ensure curriculum relevance
• Offer hands-on training and real-world work experience
• Facilitate professional connections within the industry

Overall, industrial education programs play a vital role in preparing individuals for successful careers in the industrial sector. By offering a robust curriculum and hands-on training, these programs equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to thrive in the dynamic and evolving industrial landscape.

Career Opportunities in Industrial Education

Industrial education opens up a wide range of career opportunities for individuals. Graduates of industrial education programs can pursue careers in industries such as manufacturing, construction, engineering, logistics, automotive, and aerospace. Some common job titles in these sectors include industrial technician, manufacturing engineer, industrial electrician, CNC operator, quality control inspector, logistics coordinator, and industrial maintenance technician. The demand for skilled workers in these fields is growing, and individuals with a background in industrial education are well-positioned to secure stable and rewarding jobs with competitive salaries.

Industrial education equips individuals with the practical skills and technical knowledge necessary to excel in these career paths. Whether it’s operating machinery, troubleshooting equipment, ensuring quality control, or managing logistics, industrial education prepares individuals for the diverse challenges of the industrial sector. With the hands-on training and real-world work experiences gained through industrial education programs, graduates enter the workforce with a solid foundation and the ability to adapt to various roles and responsibilities.

Furthermore, the skills acquired through industrial education are highly transferable, meaning that individuals can explore career opportunities across different industries and sectors. The problem-solving, critical-thinking, and teamwork skills developed in industrial education programs are valued by employers in various fields. This versatility gives individuals the flexibility to navigate their career paths and explore different industries throughout their professional journeys.

Expanding Horizons and Building a Bright Future

As the industrial sector continues to evolve, so do the career opportunities in industrial education. The advancement of technologies, such as automation and digitalization, creates new roles and demands a workforce that can adapt to the changing landscape. Industrial education programs are continuously evolving to meet these emerging needs, ensuring that individuals are equipped with the skills required for the jobs of the future.

By investing in industrial education, individuals can pave the way for a successful and fulfilling career in a thriving industry. With a strong focus on practical skills, hands-on experiences, and industry relevance, industrial education prepares individuals to meet the demands of the industrial sector and contribute to its growth and development. Whether it’s creating innovative solutions, improving processes, or managing complex projects, a career in industrial education offers endless possibilities for personal and professional growth.

Skills Development in Industrial Education

Skills development is a core focus of industrial education, as it aims to equip individuals with the practical abilities and knowledge needed to thrive in industrial occupations. Vocational education programs within the industrial education framework are designed to impart technical skills that are directly applicable to specific industries. These programs prioritize hands-on training, ensuring that students gain proficiency in manual dexterity, equipment operation, machinery maintenance, and troubleshooting.

In addition to technical skills, industrial education also emphasizes the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, teamwork, communication, and project management abilities. These soft skills are essential for individuals to navigate the challenges of the industrial workplace and collaborate effectively with colleagues. Industrial education programs also incorporate training in industry-specific software and tools, enhancing students’ technical capabilities and preparing them to work with emerging technologies.

• Key Skills Developed in Industrial Education:
• – Technical skills: Manual dexterity, equipment operation, machinery maintenance, troubleshooting.
• – Soft skills: Critical thinking, problem-solving, teamwork, communication, project management.
• – Industry-specific software and tools: Enhancing technical capabilities and adaptability to emerging technologies.

Skills Development for the Future

The skills developed in industrial education are not static but evolve along with the needs of industries. As technologies continue to advance, industrial education programs must continually update their curricula to ensure graduates remain competitive in the job market. This includes integrating the latest advancements into training, fostering a culture of lifelong learning, and providing opportunities for ongoing skills development.

The future of industrial education lies in its ability to align with industry needs and equip individuals with the skills and knowledge required to succeed in the evolving industrial landscape. By staying abreast of emerging trends and technologies, industrial education can play a critical role in shaping the workforce of the future and driving economic growth.

As industrial sectors continue to embrace automation, artificial intelligence, and digitalization through Industry 4.0, the demand for skilled and adaptable workers will only increase. Industrial education programs are instrumental in preparing individuals to work with and leverage these technologies effectively. By equipping students with the necessary skills, competencies, and digital literacy, industrial education ensures they can navigate the evolving industrial landscape with ease.

Furthermore, in an increasingly competitive job market, industrial education provides individuals with a distinct advantage. It equips them not only with specialized technical skills but also with the ability to think critically, solve problems, and work collaboratively. These transferable skills make individuals versatile and adaptable, making them valuable assets to potential employers.

In conclusion, skills development is a fundamental aspect of industrial education. By focusing on both technical and soft skills, vocational education programs within the industrial education framework prepare individuals to excel in industrial occupations. In an ever-evolving industrial landscape, the future of industrial education lies in its ability to stay abreast of emerging technologies, foster continuous learning, and forge strong industry partnerships. By doing so, industrial education plays a pivotal role in shaping a skilled workforce that can drive economic growth and meet the demands of the modern industrial economy.

The Role of Industrial Education in Shaping the Workforce

Industrial education plays a vital role in shaping the US workforce for the modern industrial economy. As industries continue to evolve and embrace advanced technologies, the need for a skilled and adaptable workforce becomes critical. Industrial education programs provide individuals with the necessary skills and competencies to meet the demands of the industrial sector, ensuring that they are job-ready and equipped to excel in their chosen careers.

By aligning with industry needs, industrial education programs bridge the gap between education and the requirements of the industrial workforce. They prepare individuals for the practical challenges of the workplace, emphasizing hands-on training, critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork. Through internships and apprenticeships, students gain valuable work experience and establish industry connections, setting them up for success in the modern industrial economy.

The Importance of Industrial Education

• Industrial education provides practical knowledge and skills applicable to the industrial sector.
• It ensures a steady supply of skilled workers to meet industry demands.
• Industrial education drives economic growth and maintains a competitive edge in the global market.

Industrial education plays a crucial role in shaping the US workforce for the modern industrial economy. It ensures that individuals have the necessary skills and competencies to meet the demands of the industrial sector, which is a critical driver of economic growth and innovation. By producing a skilled and adaptable workforce, industrial education contributes to the overall competitiveness and productivity of the industrial sector, helping to fuel economic development and technological advancement.

Meeting the Challenges of Industry 4.0 through Industrial Education

Industry 4.0, also known as the fourth industrial revolution, has brought about a significant transformation in the industrial sector. With the integration of advanced technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and data analytics, industries are facing new challenges and opportunities. Industrial education programs play a crucial role in equipping individuals with the skills and knowledge needed to navigate this rapidly evolving landscape.

Industrial education programs are designed to prepare individuals to work with and leverage the technologies of Industry 4.0 effectively. By providing relevant training and education, these programs ensure that graduates are equipped with the digital literacy, problem-solving abilities, and adaptability required in the modern industrial setting. They learn about emerging trends, understand the potential of new technologies, and develop the skills to leverage them for increased productivity and efficiency.

The Role of Industrial Education Programs

• Understanding the implications of automation: Industrial education programs help individuals understand the implications of automation in their respective industries. They learn how to effectively integrate automation technologies into production processes, optimize operations, and minimize disruptions.
• Developing digital literacy: Industrial education programs focus on developing digital literacy skills, ensuring that graduates are proficient in using industry-specific software and tools. This enables them to effectively utilize digital technologies in their day-to-day work.
• Enhancing problem-solving abilities: Industrial education programs emphasize problem-solving skills, teaching individuals how to analyze complex situations, identify issues, and develop innovative solutions. This is crucial in addressing challenges and embracing opportunities presented by Industry 4.0.
• Promoting adaptability: Industrial education programs foster adaptability, preparing individuals to quickly adapt to changes and embrace new technologies. This enables them to stay relevant and competitive in the ever-evolving industrial landscape.

In conclusion, industrial education programs are instrumental in meeting the challenges posed by Industry 4.0. Through these programs, individuals gain the knowledge, skills, and competencies needed to thrive in the digital age. By combining technological expertise with critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and adaptability, graduates of industrial education programs are well-equipped to contribute to the success and growth of industries.

Continue reading to explore the future of industrial education and how it will continue to evolve to meet the changing needs of industries and prepare individuals for the industrial workforce of tomorrow.

The Future of Industrial Education

As industries continue to evolve and adapt to the changing needs of the modern economy, the future of industrial education becomes increasingly important. Industrial education programs must stay ahead of the curve, continually updating their curricula to align with emerging technologies and industry trends. By doing so, they can ensure that graduates are equipped with the skills and knowledge needed to thrive in the evolving industrial landscape.

One key aspect of the future of industrial education is the integration of advanced technologies into the curriculum. As Industry 4.0 drives automation, artificial intelligence, and data analytics, industrial education must prepare students to work effectively with these technologies. This includes developing digital literacy and problem-solving skills, as well as fostering an understanding of emerging trends and technologies.

Adapting to the evolving needs of industries

Another important aspect of the future of industrial education is the close collaboration between educational institutions and industries. By working together, they can ensure that industrial education programs are aligned with the needs of the workforce. This collaboration can take various forms, such as internships, apprenticeships, and industry partnerships that provide students with real-world experiences and valuable industry connections.

Additionally, the future of industrial education lies in fostering a culture of lifelong learning. As industries continue to evolve, individuals must be prepared to adapt and upskill throughout their careers. Industrial education programs should encourage continuous learning and provide opportunities for individuals to acquire new skills and knowledge throughout their professional journeys.

In summary, the future of industrial education hinges on its ability to adapt and respond to the evolving needs of industries. By integrating advanced technologies, fostering collaboration with industries, and promoting lifelong learning, industrial education can continue to play a vital role in preparing individuals for successful careers in the modern industrial economy.

The Impact of Industrial Education on Economic Growth

Industrial education plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth by providing a highly skilled workforce that meets the demands of the industrial sector. With the rapid advancements in technology and the growing complexity of industrial processes, there is an increased need for workers who possess specialized knowledge and practical skills.

By equipping individuals with the necessary expertise, industrial education enhances productivity and efficiency within industries, resulting in increased output and economic expansion. Skilled workers who have undergone industrial education programs bring valuable contributions to their respective fields, driving innovation, technological advancement, and overall industry competitiveness.

The Importance of a Skilled Workforce

• Increased productivity: Skilled workers are more efficient and capable of producing higher-quality outputs, leading to improved productivity levels within industries.
• Job creation and employment opportunities: The availability of a skilled workforce attracts investments and encourages the establishment of new businesses, creating employment opportunities for individuals within the industrial sector and beyond.
• Economic diversification: A skilled industrial workforce contributes to economic diversification by promoting the growth of various industries, reducing reliance on a single sector, and fostering a more balanced and resilient economy.
• Technological innovation: Skilled workers are more adept at adopting and implementing new technologies, driving innovation and enabling industries to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving global market.

Overall, industrial education has a profound impact on economic growth, as it provides the foundation for a skilled workforce that drives productivity, fosters innovation, and contributes to the development of a thriving industrial sector.

Industrial education, also known as vocational education, is a highly valuable form of training that prepares individuals for successful careers in the industrial sector. By providing practical knowledge, hands-on training, and industry-specific skills, industrial education equips students with the tools they need to thrive in industrial occupations. It plays a crucial role in shaping the US workforce for the modern industrial economy, driving economic growth, innovation, and productivity.

The importance of industrial education cannot be overstated. It bridges the gap between education and industry needs, ensuring that individuals are well-prepared for the demands of the job market. Industrial education offers numerous benefits, including increased employability, diverse career opportunities, and the development of practical skills. Graduates of industrial education programs have the chance to pursue rewarding careers in industries such as manufacturing, construction, engineering, logistics, automotive, and aerospace.

Skills development is a central focus of industrial education. Students gain technical skills, critical thinking abilities, problem-solving capabilities, teamwork, communication, and project management skills. They also learn how to use industry-specific software and tools effectively. By developing these skills, individuals are equipped to handle the challenges of the industrial workplace and contribute to the success of their teams and organizations.

The future of industrial education lies in its ability to adapt and respond to the changing needs of industries. As the industrial sector continues to evolve and embrace advanced technologies, such as automation and artificial intelligence, industrial education programs must continually update their curricula and integrate emerging technologies into their training. Collaboration between educational institutions and industries is key to bridging the skills gap and providing students with real-world experiences. By doing so, industrial education will remain relevant and ensure that graduates are well-prepared to succeed in the dynamic and ever-changing industrial landscape.

What is industrial education?

Industrial education is a type of vocational education that prepares individuals for careers in the industrial sector. It focuses on providing practical knowledge and skills that are directly applicable to jobs in industries such as manufacturing, construction, engineering, and logistics.

What does industrial education encompass?

Industrial education encompasses a range of educational programs and initiatives that aim to equip individuals with the knowledge, skills, and competencies required to succeed in industrial occupations. It includes vocational training, technical courses, apprenticeships, and industry-specific certifications.

What is the importance of industrial education in the modern economy?

Industrial education plays a crucial role in the modern economy by providing a skilled workforce that can meet the demands of the industrial sector. It equips individuals with practical skills and technical knowledge necessary for jobs in manufacturing, engineering, construction, and logistics, driving economic growth and maintaining a competitive edge.

What are the advantages and benefits of industrial education?

Industrial education offers several advantages, including increased employability, diverse career opportunities, enhanced problem-solving abilities, adaptability, and the ability to work as part of a team. It also provides valuable work experience through internships or apprenticeships and contributes to the growth and development of the industrial sector.

What does the curriculum of industrial education programs include?

Industrial education programs typically include a mix of classroom instruction, hands-on training, and practical work experience. The curriculum covers subjects such as mechanics, electrical systems, engineering principles, industrial safety, logistics, and computer-aided design.

What career opportunities are available in industrial education?

Graduates of industrial education programs can pursue careers in industries such as manufacturing, construction, engineering, logistics, automotive, and aerospace. Common job titles include industrial technician, manufacturing engineer, industrial electrician, CNC operator, quality control inspector, logistics coordinator, and industrial maintenance technician.

What skills are developed in industrial education?

Industrial education focuses on developing practical skills such as manual dexterity, equipment operation, machinery maintenance, and troubleshooting. It also emphasizes critical thinking, problem-solving, teamwork, communication, and project management skills. Students are trained in industry-specific software and tools to enhance their technical capabilities.

What is the role of industrial education in shaping the US workforce?

Industrial education plays a vital role in shaping the US workforce for the modern industrial economy. It ensures individuals have the necessary skills and competencies to meet the demands of the industrial sector, driving economic growth, innovation, and productivity.

How does industrial education meet the challenges of Industry 4.0?

Industrial education programs provide relevant skills and knowledge to prepare individuals to work with advanced technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and data analytics. It includes understanding emerging trends, adapting to new technologies, and developing digital literacy and problem-solving skills.

What does the future of industrial education look like?

The future of industrial education will be shaped by the evolving needs of industries and advancements in technology. It will require continuous updates of curricula, integration of emerging technologies, fostering a culture of lifelong learning, and collaborations between educational institutions and industries.

What impact does industrial education have on economic growth?

Industrial education has a significant impact on economic growth by providing a skilled workforce that enhances productivity and efficiency, leading to increased output and economic expansion. It also facilitates innovation, technological advancement, and industry competitiveness, creating employment opportunities and contributing to overall economic development.

What is the conclusion regarding industrial education?

Industrial education is a specialized form of vocational education that prepares individuals for careers in the industrial sector. It provides practical knowledge, hands-on training, and industry-specific skills that are essential for success in industrial occupations. Industrial education plays a crucial role in shaping the workforce, meeting the challenges of Industry 4.0, and driving economic growth and innovation. Its future lies in adapting to the changing needs of industries and equipping individuals with the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in the evolving industrial landscape.

About The Author

Ethan Emerson

Ethan Emerson is a passionate author and dedicated advocate for the transformative power of education. With a background in teaching and a love for writing, Ethan brings a unique blend of expertise and creativity to his contributions on ExquisitiveEducation.com .His articles are a delightful mix of insightful knowledge and engaging storytelling, aiming to inspire and empower learners of all ages. Ethan's mission is to ignite the spark of curiosity and foster a love for learning in every reader.Ethan Emerson, is your companion in the realm of general education exploration. With a passion for knowledge, He delves into the intricate world of Education Expenses & Discounts , uncovering financial insights for your educational journey. From the vitality of Physical Education to the synergy of Education & Technology , Ethan's here to bridge the gap between traditional and innovative learning methods. Discover the art of crafting impressive Resume & Personal Documentation in Education , as well as insights into diverse Career Paths, Degrees & Educational Requirements . Join Ethan in navigating through a sea of Educational Courses & Classes , exploring the nuances of various Education Systems , and understanding the empowering realm of Special Education . With an eye on Teaching & Teachers , He offers a glimpse into the world of educators who shape minds. Let's unlock Studying Tips & Learning Methods that turn education into a delightful journey of growth with Exquisitive Education .

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Critical Thinking: Creating Job-Proof Skills for the Future of Work

Daniela dumitru.

1 Teacher Training Department, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania

2 Doctoral School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania

Diane F. Halpern

3 Department of Psychology, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; moc.liamg@nreplahfenaid

In this study, we explore the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the job market and argue for the growing importance of critical thinking skills in the face of job automation and changing work dynamics. Advancements in AI have the potential to disrupt various professions, including, for example, programming, legal work, and radiology. However, solely relying on AI systems can lead to errors and misjudgments, emphasizing the need for human oversight. The concept of “job-proof skills” is introduced, highlighting the importance of critical thinking, problem-solving, empathy, ethics, and other human attributes that machines cannot replicate with the same standards and agility. We maintain that critical thinking can be taught and learned through appropriate classroom instruction and transfer-focused approaches. The need for critical thinking skills is further reinforced by the influx of information and the spread of misinformation in the age of social media. Moreover, employers increasingly value critical thinking skills in their workforce, yet there exists a gap between the demand for these skills and the preparedness of college graduates. Critical thinking is not only essential for the future of work, but also for informed citizenship in an increasingly complex world. The potential impact of AI on job disruption, wages, and employment polarization is discussed, highlighting the correlation between jobs requiring critical thinking skills and their resistance to automation. We conclude by discussing collaborative efforts between universities and labor market organizations to adapt curricula and promote the development of critical thinking skills, drawing on examples from European initiatives. The need to prioritize critical thinking skills in education and address the evolving demands of the labor market is emphasized as a crucial step for navigating the future of work and opportunities for workers.

1. Introduction: Critical Thinking: Creating Job-Proof Skills for the Future of Work

The rapid evolution of online technologies has ushered in a paradigm shift in employment, redefining the nature of work and the skills required to succeed in the digital age. This transformative landscape, characterized by the ubiquitous presence of the Internet, social media platforms, and advanced artificial intelligence systems, has created a plethora of new opportunities and challenges in the labor market. As we navigate this digital frontier, it is becoming increasingly clear that traditional employment paradigms are undergoing a profound transformation. The convergence of online technologies with the demands of a networked world has not only created new job opportunities, but it has also disrupted established industries, rendering some job roles obsolete while creating demand for previously unforeseen skills. In this era of unprecedented connectivity and innovation, examining the intricate interplay between online technologies and jobs is paramount as it holds the key to understanding the dynamics of our rapidly evolving workforce.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is disrupting many jobs and promises “to change the way the world works” ( adminGPT 2023, para. 13 ). The number and range of AI programs are increasing at a rapid pace, and they are likely to continually improve to meet user demands. Consider, for example, ChatGPT, which can respond to questions and requests in a way that seems to come from a human rather than a computer program. GPT stands for “generative pretrained transformer”. It is generative in that it can provide responses that it never “learned”; it is pretrained with a large language model ( Bushwick et al. 2023 ). Newer versions can describe visual images, although thus far, they cannot create visual images. Its uses are seemingly endless. It is easy to imagine how such programs can change the lives of blind individuals. In fact, it can and will change the lives of all of us.

In this paper, we argue that these advances in online technologies will make critical thinking (CT) more important than ever before. Many who are preparing to enter the job market, and many who are already employed, will need to adapt to new forms of job automation and different ways of working.

Consider, for example, that an early achievement of ChatGPT was its generation of Python code (a computer language) to compute various tasks, such as data analysis. Apparently, getting ChatGPT to generate code is so easy that several YouTube videos have popped up claiming that they can teach novice users to use ChatGPT to generate code in 90 s. ( Data Professor 2023 ). The benefits are obvious, but so are the potential job losses for people who work in Python. Python coders will need to upgrade their skills, perhaps first becoming experts in the use of ChatGPT and similar programs, but this also has a positive side--they can spend more time working on larger questions such as which analyses are needed, and, of course, carefully reviewing the work produced by AI to ensure that it is accurate and understandable. Early versions of ChatGPT responses often contained errors. A New York lawyer learned the hard way: Steven A. Schwartz, a lawyer for 30 years, used ChatGPT to create a legal document ( Weiser and Schweber 2023 ). It was filled with fake citations and bogus judicial opinions. Sadly, Mr. Schwartz never checked the accuracy of the document he filed in court. The judge was not amused. This highly public and embarrassing event should be a lesson for all of us. Current AI programs cannot be trusted to take over our work, though they may be able to aid or supplement it. However, other AI programs can “read” radiographs more accurately than human radiologists, which provides a benefit to both radiologists and patients. There is an immediate positive effect for this advancement: Radiologists will have more time to directly work with patients, and yes, they must also check the accuracy of the outputs from their programs when presenting diagnoses.

For the rest of us, whether we are students or early or late in our careers, we need to focus on the development of “job-proof skills” in the face of AI advances. A report from the United Nations defines job-proof skills as “conceptual and strategic thinking, problem-solving, empathy, optimism, ethics, emotional intelligence, and judgments are the future-proof skills and attributes that machines will not be able to replicate with the same standards and agility as qualified human beings” ( Elkeiy 2022, para. 5 ). In other words, critical thinking skills will always be needed.

2. What Is Critical Thinking?

Although some scholars in the field of critical thinking have emphasized differences among various definitions, we believe that the commonalities are evident (c.f., Dwyer 2017 ; Nisbett 2015 ; Lipman 1991 ; Fisher 2001 ). There are some differences in the use of terms and several skills might be more important, but all of the definitions (more or less) conform to our preferred definition: “Critical thinking is the use of those cognitive skills and abilities that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. It is purposeful, reasoned, and goal directed. It is the kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihoods, and making decisions. Critical thinkers use these skills appropriately, without prompting, and usually with conscious intent, in a variety of settings. That is, they are predisposed to think critically. When we think critically, we are evaluating the outcomes of our thought processes--how good a decision is or how well a problem is solved. Critical thinking also involves evaluating the thinking process--the reasoning that went into the conclusion we’ve arrived at, or the kinds of factors considered in making a decision” ( Halpern and Dunn 2023, pp. 6–7 ). The reason we need a common definition of critical thinking is that, without it, instructors can and have passed almost anything off as instruction in critical thinking. However, common ground is to be found concerning CT definitions. In a European project, which we shall refer to in Section 4.3 , the critical thinking definition is based on the works of Halpern and Dunn ( 2023 ), Facione ( 1990 ), Paul and Elder ( 2008 ), and Kuhn ( 1999 ). During two debate sessions, 33 international participants from higher education and the labor market defined critical thinking as a deliberate cognitive process guided by conscious, dynamic, self-directed, self-monitored, and self-correcting thought ( Rebelo et al. 2023 ). It relies on both disciplinary and procedural knowledge, along with metacognitive aspects (including metacognitive, meta-strategic, and epistemological dimensions). Critical thinking can be cultivated and enhanced through the development of competencies, and it is facilitated by various attitudes, such as systematic thinking, open-mindedness, empathy, flexibility, and cognitive maturity. Additionally, it encompasses intellectual skills such as reflection, self-regulation, analysis, inference, explanation, synthesis, and systematic thought. Critical thinking not only stimulates problem-solving capabilities but also facilitates effective communication, fosters independent and holistic thinking, and bolsters decision-making and active citizenship ( Pnevmatikos et al. 2021 ).

2.1. Can Critical Thinking Be Learned?

We teach writing, oral communication, and mathematics with the (often implicit) belief that these skills will be learned and transferred to multiple settings both inside and outside of the classroom. There is a large and growing research literature showing that, with appropriate classroom instruction in critical thinking, including specific instruction designed for transfer, the skills will spontaneously transfer and in uncued (i.e., there are no reminders to use the critical thinking skill that was learned in class) situations ( Dumitru 2012 ; Heijltjes et al. 2014 ; Tiruneh 2019 ). Several such studies were presented by Dwyer ( 2017 ) and Halpern and Dunn ( 2023 ). For the sake of brevity, we review just one recent study. The study was designed to counteract the effects of conspiracy theories. When people believe conspiracy theories, they often act in harmful ways–such as refusing to get the COVID-19 vaccine, which resulted in the death of large numbers of people around the world, or attacking the United State Capitol Building on 6 January 2021 in the belief that there was a conspiracy afoot designed to steal the United States 2020 presidential election from Donald Trump. In a review of the research literature on the efficacy of interventions, the researchers found “there was one intervention which was characteristically different to the rest” ( O’Mahony et al. 2023, para. 23 ). It was a semester-long university course in critical thinking that was designed to teach students the difference between good scientific practices and pseudoscience. These courses require effort and commitment, but they are effective. The same conclusion applies to all interventions designed to enhance critical thinking. There are no fast and easy “once and done” strategies that work. This is why we recommend continuous and pervasive coursework to make sure that the learning of CT skills “sticks.”

2.2. The Need for Critical Thinking Skills

Online technologies-related (including AI) job loss and redesign are not the only reasons why we need to concentrate on teaching and learning the skills of critical thinking. COVID-19 left 140 million people out of work, and many of their jobs will never return ( Roslansky 2021 ). We are drowning in a tsunami of information, confronted with advertisements online, in news reports, social media, podcasts, and more. The need to be able to distinguish good information from bad is critical. In addition, employers want to hire people with critical thinking skills. In a recent report by Hart Research Associated ( 2018 ), they found that in an employer survey of 501 business executives, 78% said that critical thinking/analytic reasoning is the most important skill they want in their employees, but they also added that only 34% of college graduates arrive well prepared in critical thinking. This gap between what employers want and their perception of the preparedness of the workforce was larger for critical thinking than for any other area. In fact, every report on the future of work made this same point. Consider this quote from The World Economic Forum ( 2020 ) on the future of jobs: “Skills gaps continue to be high as in-demand skills across jobs change in the next five years. The top skills and skill groups which employers see as rising in prominence in the lead up to 2025 include groups such as critical thinking and analysis as well as problem-solving.” (p. 5). In a report from the Office of the European Union: Key Competences for Lifelong Learning, the commissioner wrote “Critical thinking, media literacy, and communication skills are some of the requirements to navigate our increasingly complex world” ( Navracsics 2019, p. 3 ). Of course, critical thinking is not just needed in the world of work. A true democracy requires an educated citizenry with citizens who can think critically about world social issues, such as the use/threat of AI, war, poverty, climate change, and so much more. Irrational voters are a threat to all of us—and to themselves.

The need to think critically is not new, but it has taken on a new urgency as social media and other forms of communication have made the deliberate spread of misinformation move at the speed of light. There is nothing new about the use of lies, half-truths, and innuendos to get people to believe something that is not true. Anyone can post anything on popular media sites, and this “fake news” is often copied and shared thousands of times. Sometimes the information is spread with a deliberate attempt to mislead; other times, it is copied and spread by people who believe it is true. These messages are often used to discredit political adversaries, create social unrest, and incite fear. It can be a difficult task to determine what to believe and what to discard. Vosoughi et al. ( 2018 ) analyzed data from 126,000 tweets that were spread by approximately 3 million people. How did the researchers discriminate true data from false data? The same way we all should. They used several different fact-checking sites and found 95% to 98% agreement regarding the truth or falsehood of information. They found that false data spread more quickly and more widely than true data because the false data tended to be novel and sensational, rendering it salient and seductive.

In today’s landscape, the imperative to foster critical thinking skills is becoming increasingly apparent as we grapple with the rapid rise of social media and artificial intelligence technologies and their profound impact on the future of work. The confluence of these transformative forces has ushered in a new era characterized by the potential for significant job disruption. As online technologies advance and automation becomes more widespread, certain traditional job roles may become obsolete, requiring the development of innovative skills and adaptability in the workforce. In this context, critical thinking emerges as a central element in preparing individuals to navigate the evolving job market. It equips individuals with the ability to analyze complex information, discern credible sources from the proliferation of social media information, and make informed decisions in an era of blurring boundaries between human and machine contributions to the workforce. Cultivating critical thinking skills will be essential to ensuring that individuals can take advantage of the opportunities presented by new technologies while mitigating the challenges of job disruption in this AI-driven future.

3. Critical Thinking Skills and Job Disruption and Replacement

Eloundou et al. in 2023 estimated that about 15% of all U.S. workers’ jobs could be accomplished much faster and at the same level of quality with currently available AI. There are large differences in the extent to which various occupations and industries will be affected by advancements in AI. For example, tasks that require a high degree of human interaction, highly specialized domain knowledge, or creating innovative technologies will be minimally affected; whereas, other occupations such as providing captions for images or answering questions about a text or document are more likely to be affected. Routine-based jobs in general are more likely to be dislodged by advanced technologies ( Acemoglu 2002 ). Using the basic definitions of skills that are standard in O*Net, Eloundou et al. ( 2023 ) found a clear negative correlation between jobs requiring knowledge of science and critical thinking skills and the likelihood that AI will “take over” the job. These findings reinforce our main point—the best way to gain job-proof skills is with critical thinking.

The effect of online technologies on wages is complicated because of the large number of factors that come together to determine earnings. Acemoglu and Autor ( 2011 ) advocated for a model that simultaneously considers the level of the tasks required for any job (low, medium, and high), where a high level of skill is defined as one that allows employees to perform a variety of tasks, the demand for the tasks, and technological changes that can complement a task or replace it. They assert that employment has become increasingly polarized with the growth in both high education, high wage occupations and low education, and low wage occupations in the United States and the European Union. To understand and predict which occupations will be most disrupted by AI (and other developing technologies), an investigator will need to simultaneously consider all of these variables. Technological advancements can generate shifts in demand, favoring either high- or low-skilled workers. According to Acemoglu and Autor ( 2011 ), we can expect some of the largest disruptive effects at the middle level of skills, where some of the tasks performed at this level can be more easily replaced by new technologies, with widespread employment growth in high- and low-skilled occupations.

4. Business-University Collaborations

The pursuit of promoting high standards of critical thinking in university students across various academic disciplines is a challenging endeavor that should be leveraged through collaboration with stakeholders. In such collaborations, stakeholders can contribute to refining the skills required by learners and bring their own perspectives to academic instruction. This close partnership between universities and stakeholders helps minimize gaps and mismatches in the transition to the labor market, facilitates research collaboration, and increases student motivation.

Collaborations between businesses and universities have gained increasing importance in today’s rapidly evolving educational and economic landscape. These partnerships are instrumental in bridging the gap between academic learning and the real-world skills demanded by the job market. One key aspect of business-university collaboration (BUC) is the alignment of curricula with the dynamic needs of industries. This entails the joint effort of higher education institutions (HEIs) and industry experts to design, develop, and deliver educational programs that equip students with practical, job-ready skills. The curriculum design phase involves tailoring study programs, courses, and modules to address skills gaps and align with the specific requirements of employers.

Moreover, BUC extends beyond the classroom. Collaborations often involve business engagement in educational activities, including guest lectures, internships, co-op programs, and research projects. These interactions provide students with invaluable exposure to real-world scenarios, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge in practical settings.

In essence, BUC is a multifaceted partnership that benefits both students and businesses. It ensures that educational programs remain relevant, fostering a seamless transition from academia to the workforce. This collaborative approach not only enhances students’ employability but also contributes to the overall growth and innovation of industries.

Operationalizing the collaboration implicates a particular focus on curriculum design, development, and delivery. These involve the collaboration between higher education institutions and labor market partners to create or enhance undergraduate or postgraduate study programs, courses, or modules. This collaborative effort aims to address skills gaps, align curricula with employers’ needs, integrate training initiatives, and improve graduates’ employability. Additionally, curriculum delivery includes various forms of business involvement, such as guest lectures, placements, supervision, mentoring, and work-based learning activities.

While the existing literature often discusses the barriers and motivations for university-business collaboration ( Healy et al. 2014 ; Orazbayeva et al. 2020 ), there is a need for more empirical insights into the roles and responsibilities of each party engaged in joint curriculum design, development, and delivery, as well as lessons learned from these collaborations ( Rebelo et al. 2023 ).

4.1. Why Do We Need Higher Education’s Help?

In the preceding sections of this paper, we delved into the disruptive forces of artificial intelligence (AI) on the job market and the critical need for individuals to adapt to these changes by developing “job-proof skills”. The rise of online technologies such as ChatGPT presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly in fields where middle-level skills are required. To effectively tackle these challenges, we must turn our attention to the pivotal role of education and the cultivation of essential skills such as critical thinking.

We highlighted how AI is rapidly transforming various industries and the need for individuals to adapt to these changes. Moreover, we explored the question of whether critical thinking can be learned, showcasing research evidence that supports the teachability of this skill. Now, we shall explore practical strategies for fostering critical thinking skills through collaborations between universities and businesses. The idea here is to create an educational framework that equips students with the capabilities needed to thrive in the evolving workforce.

Building upon the success of two European projects, “Critical thinking across higher education curricula—CRITHINKEDU” and “Critical thinking for successful jobs—THINK4JOBS”, we argue that incorporating practical experience and CT development through apprenticeships is a possible action for better higher education classes. This collaborative approach between HEI and LMO designed to address the differing perspectives and terminologies used by these two entities regarding critical thinking could be an important curriculum design for the better adaptation of job market technology disruptions.

Research conducted by Eloundou et al. ( 2023 ), which shows that critical thinking skills and science skills are less likely to be taken by AI, compels us to sustain the THINK4JOBS apprenticeship curricula as a possible teaching protocol for critical thinking enhancement to face challenges posed by AI at work.

The results from these projects demonstrate significant progress in students’ critical thinking skills and dispositions. These improvements, as highlighted below in Section 4.3 , underscore the effectiveness of embedding critical thinking in the curriculum. The guidelines formulated for implementing Critical Thinking Blended Apprenticeship Curricula provide a roadmap for educators to follow when effectively integrating critical thinking into their courses.

As we ponder the possibility of a world where critical thinking is widespread, we can envision a future where individuals are equipped to confront the ideological fanaticism that threatens global stability. Critical thinking, as both a cognitive skill and a disposition, has the potential to shape a workforce capable of adapting to the ever-changing landscape of work, making informed decisions, and contributing to a more rational and democratic world. The THINK4JOBS project emphasizes the practical steps taken to prepare students for the future job market and sets the stage for further exploration of the role of critical thinking in addressing global challenges, including AI presence in the job market.

4.2. CRITHINKEDU Proctocol for Critical Thinking Education across Curricula

Given that the best education for the future of work is the acquisition of critical thinking skills, how can we facilitate this sort of education? One way to obtain a job-proof education is to create classes with the help of labor market organizations. Two projects funded by the European Union were designed to bring to life the idea that better communication and collaboration between universities and employers result in a better adaptation of the curriculum, especially a curriculum involving critical thinking skill development.

Between 2016 and 2019, the project “Critical thinking across the European higher education curriculum—CRITHINKEDU” focused on how CT is taught in various academic domains. The CRITHINKEDU project, involving universities across Europe, exemplifies how academia and industry can join forces to bridge the gap between classroom learning and real-world job demands. This initiative aimed to enhance the curriculum by explicitly emphasizing critical thinking skill development. It revealed that employers across various fields value critical thinking, and they perceive it as essential for recent graduates entering the workforce.

The participants were eleven universities from nine European countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Romania, Lithuania, and Ireland; Dominguez 2018). Qualitative research was conducted with 32 focus groups comprised of professionals from various European countries and fields. The findings align with previous studies: “CT is a set of interconnected skills (interpretation, inference, analysis, explanation, evaluation, self-regulation”, see Payan-Carreira et al. ( 2023, p. 16 ), and dispositions (open-mindedness, refection, attentiveness, organization, perseverance, intrinsic goal motivation ( Payan-Carreira et al. 2023 ), essential for recent graduates in response to labor market demands. However, an important consideration is that the practical application of CT varies across professional fields. The participants in this study defined the ideal critical thinker as someone with a cultivated mindset, motivated to learn and improve, and equipped with cognitive and behavioral tools to anticipate, regulate, and monitor their thinking. CT is associated with problem-solving and decision-making and is intertwined with other skills such as proactivity, adaptability, creativity, emotional intelligence, communication, and teamwork. The report from this project also introduced “a European collection of the Critical Thinking skills and dispositions needed in different professional fields for the 21st century” ( Dominguez 2018 ), which categorizes CT skills and dispositions based on professional fields and offers a basis for defining learning objectives and adapting university curricula. This study provides valuable insights from 189 European employers into CT needs in the labor market for new graduates. The interviewed professionals had an obvious preference for CT skills in STEM fields and an obvious preference for dispositions in the Humanities. Social Sciences and bio-medical sciences professionals were equally interested in CT skills and dispositions, with a slight preference for dispositions ( Dominguez 2018, p. 28 ).

4.3. Next Steps: THINK4JOBS Blended Appreticeship Curricula

After the termination of the CRITHINKEDU project, partners from Romania, Greece, Lithuania, and Portugal, with the addition of a new partner from Germany, proposed a new research application: “Critical Thinking for Successful Jobs—THINK4JOBS” ( www.think4jobs.uowm.gr ). The idea was to utilize the results from the previous project and, together with labor market organizations, create new courses that are more adapted to the reality of the future of work. The core element of the classes was explicit teaching of critical thinking, using real-life cases and methods. In an apprenticeship model, critical thinking skills are embedded in a relevant context. The value of realistic contexts is that students can see the need for the skills being taught in a workplace scenario. Relevant contexts enhance student engagement and motivation to learn. Dumitru et al. ( 2021 ) focused on improving students’ critical thinking skills and dispositions through collaboration between Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and Labor Market Organizations (LMOs). The aim was to bridge the gap between HEI curricula and the expectations of the labor market by incorporating apprenticeships that provide practical experience and CT development.

The process of mapping responses from those in the labor market organizations onto college curricula involved the use of research methods such as observation, focus groups, and documentary analysis, with stakeholders from HEIs and LMOs participating. The findings indicated that while there were no definitive “gaps” between HEIs and LMOs, there were contextual differences in the approach to CT. HEIs focus on long-term career preparation, while LMOs emphasize short-term learning strategies. The terminology and expression of CT also differed between the two contexts. Based on the findings, ten work-based scenarios were created, with one from each discipline involved in the project. Overall, the report ( Dumitru et al. 2021 ) highlighted the different goals and perspectives of HEIs and LMOs regarding CT, emphasizing the need for collaboration and a common understanding of which skills should be included in the college curriculum.

There is a different context in the approach to CT, since HEIs usually use different learning activities, focusing more on career preparation with long-term goals, while LMOs follow compact and short-term learning and teaching strategies. Furthermore, the findings suggest that CT is a new workplace requirement and that HEIs and LMOs do not choose the same terminology when referring to the concept, with HEIs usually choosing scientific terms. Another element that emerged is that CT is generally expressed in a declarative way in higher education institutions, while in LMOs the application to specific cases follows a more procedural approach. Put another way, LMOs are focused on making a profit, while HEI is focused on being socially responsible.

In the second phase of the project, partners ( Pnevmatikos et al. 2021 ) focused on the development of a collaborative training curriculum for Higher Education Instructors and LMO tutors. The purpose of the training was to enhance comprehension and knowledge of critical thinking for both sides of this collaboration, since previous research indicated a potential lack of conceptual and procedural understanding between these two entities. Additionally, the training aimed to facilitate the promotion, support, and evaluation of students’ CT skills within apprenticeship curricula, as well as the creation of blended curricula utilizing an open-source learning platform. The training course encompassed workshops that delved into various aspects of CT, including analyzing and reassembling ideas about CT, formulating a working definition of CT, instructional methodologies, blended learning techniques, usage of a learning platform, CT assessment, and the development of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between higher education institutions and LMOs. The participants’ knowledge about these topics was assessed through pre- and post-training online questionnaires. Although data analysis showed various predicted trends, only perceived self-confidence in the topics covered during the training obtained statistical significance ( Pnevmatikos et al. 2021 ).

In the final report from this project, Payan-Carreira et al. ( 2023 ) presented the results of the implementation of the critical thinking Blended Apprenticeships Curricula (CTBAC) and discussed the improvements in critical thinking skills and dispositions observed in students. The study involved cross-disciplinary analysis and assessed changes before and after the piloting activities. A total of 609 students participated, and their critical thinking skills and dispositions were evaluated.

The consortium chose the Critical Thinking Self-Assessment Scale (CTSAS) developed by Nair ( 2011 ) as an instrument to assess CT skills based on an earlier conceptualization ( Facione 1990 ). The questionnaire has been tested in various geographic and cultural contexts, demonstrating good reliability, internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis results. However, the original CTSAS was considered too long to complete, consisting of 115 items, so a shorter version was specifically developed for this project. The short form of the questionnaire (CTSAS-SF) was created through a two-step process. Items with loading weights below .500 were eliminated, resulting in 84 remaining items. Redundant and non-cognitive-focused items were marked for elimination, leaving 60 items. The short form maintained the original scale’s framework and utilized a seven-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (Never) to 6 (Always) for students to respond to items assessing various dimensions and subdimensions of CT skills.

The CTSAS-SF validation process, with confirmatory factor analysis, resulted in two models with equivalent satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices. Model 4, the second-order factor model (RMSEA = .051; TLI = .924; CFI = .927), had a chi-square/df ratio of 2.33. The Cronbach alpha of the overall instrument was excellent (α = .969). Sample items are shown in Table 1 .

Sample items forming Critical Thinking Self-Assessment Scale (CTSAS), Nair ( 2011 ).

Compared to instruments for assessing CT skills, the availability of instruments for measuring critical thinking (CT) dispositions is limited. However, one of the instruments adopted by the consortium to assess CT dispositions is the Student-Educator Negotiated Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (SENCTDS), which was developed by Quinn et al. ( 2020 ). The scale was validated with a mixed population of Irish and American undergraduate students. The scale considers a variety of CT dispositions that the authors consider important for the labor market and real-world decision-making. Some of the items in the scale combine Facione ’s ( 1990 ) original CT dispositions into new dimensions that are relevant to academic and labor market success, such as organization, perseverance, and intrinsic goal motivation. The scale consists of six dimensions (Reflection, Attentiveness, Open-mindedness, Organization, Perseverance, and Intrinsic Goal Motivation) and presents statements for students to respond to using a 7-point Likert scale. The Likert scale ranges from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). The original version of the SENCTDS contains 21 items. The validation process, with confirmatory factor analysis, identified only one model presenting a satisfactory goodness-of-fit index—model 3, comprised of six correlated factors (RMSEA = .054; TLI = .974; CFI = .969) with a chi-square/df ratio of 2.57. The instrument presented a high Cronbach alpha (α = .842), suggesting a strong internal consistency of the instrument. Sample items are presented in Table 2 .

Sample items from Student-Educator Negotiated Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (SENCTDS), developed by Quinn et al. ( 2020 ).

The analysis showed gains in critical thinking skills and indicated that changes were more prominent in skills than dispositions. All skills (interpretation, analysis, inference, explanation, self-regulation, and evaluation) obtained significant differences between the pretest and posttest, with p ≤ .0001 to all skills, plus the integrated critical thinking skills score was t = 9.705 and p ≤ .0001, which demonstrates strong significant difference between pre- and the posttest. Dispositions displayed no significant differences regarding the integrated score, but showed significant differences in reflection (t = 1.766, p = .079), open-mindedness (t = 2.636, p = .009), organization (t = 2.568, p = .011), and intrinsic goal motivation (t = 1.712, p = .088).

Based on the findings from the implementation of the blended apprenticeship curricula, the following guidelines were formulated for implementing Critical Thinking Blended Apprenticeship Curricula ( Payan-Carreira et al. 2023 ):

• Provide an explanation of the importance of critical thinking—Clearly communicate to students why critical thinking is a vital skill in today’s workforce and how it is valued in specific professions. Explicitly incorporate the development of critical thinking as an outcome of the course.
• Emphasize continuous and pervasive CT training—To achieve success, there should be a concerted effort across disciplinary curricula to foster students’ critical thinking skills and dispositions. Skills require training, and dispositions necessitate the internalization of desired attitudes. Therefore, sufficient time and a collaborative approach at the disciplinary level are necessary for consistent and significant progress.
• Allocate dedicated time—Building on the previous point, it is essential to allocate specific time within the course to work on the proposed critical thinking goals. Students and educators need to schedule activities and create opportunities for preparation, development, and feedback exchange. This ensures that the intervention leads to meaningful, lasting learning.
• Establish connections with real-world scenarios—Foster student engagement and improve their perception of learning experiences by incorporating case studies that reflect situations professionals encounter in their daily work. By grounding the learning content in reality, students are more likely to be motivated and actively participate in the educational process.

Foster reflection on CT skills and dispositions—Offer students the chance to reflect on their reasoning processes and the attitudes they have developed throughout their learning experiences. Encouraging reflective thinking enhances the effectiveness of learning interventions and helps cultivate a deeper understanding of one’s experiences.

These steps aim to guide educators in effectively implementing the critical thinking blended apprenticeship curricula while also maximizing the impact of critical thinking development in students.

The two European projects made a great start in integrating the skills that employers want employees to learn from university curricula, but the results are nonetheless provisional. There is not a clear agreement among participating universities regarding how best to teach critical thinking, nor any regarding its importance for future jobs. We urge that more work should be done to nurture critical thinking within university curricula in order to provide our current students—who represent the future of the workforce—the much-wanted job-proof skills they need.

5. European Recommendations and Good Practices

Critical thinking stands as a pivotal goal for European Higher Education Institutions. To facilitate the attainment of this objective, we present an educational protocol that draws from comprehensive research and practical experiences, including insights from the CRITHINKEDU project. This protocol amalgamates insights from both theoretical and empirical studies on critical thinking with practical strategies for its cultivation.

Recommendations go toward signing memorandums of understanding between universities and labor market organizations to cultivate strong partnerships ( Rebelo et al. 2023 ). Effective collaboration between universities and businesses is crucial in fostering critical thinking. This partnership thrives on the synergy that results when academic institutions and businesses combine their expertise, resources, and perspectives. Strategies such as aligning goals, fostering long-term commitment, and promoting a culture of collaboration can strengthen these partnerships and ensure that academic research is harmoniously aligned with real-world needs.

Another recommendation relates to the formulation of compelling goals . Accurate and transparent goals are fundamental to the successful implementation of university-industry collaborations to promote critical thinking. These goals must be clearly defined and easily understood at multiple levels, from the institutional to the program and course levels. Recognition of critical thinking as an overarching goal implies its integration into assessment and evaluation processes.

Another recommendation is to develop flexible curricula . To effectively foster critical thinking, curricula must demonstrate adaptability and responsiveness to emerging trends and market demands. The use of agile curriculum design methodologies and the involvement of business partners in curriculum development is of great value. Approaches such as problem-based and case-based learning facilitate rapid adaptation to evolving market needs, such as the use of AI-powered software to solve work tasks better and faster. Regular feedback mechanisms and ongoing collaboration with business partners ensure that curricula remain relevant and flexible.

Incorporating real-world challenges and case studies into curricula bridges the gap between academia and the business world, creating an environment that encourages experiential learning. The active involvement of business stakeholders in providing relevant challenges plays a key role. Students’ problem-solving skills are enhanced by shifting from traditional teaching methods to project-based, problem-based, or case-based learning. Engaging students through apprenticeships, internships, guest lectures, and seminars immerses them in authentic work environments and fosters their professional development.

Ongoing, multi-faceted evaluation is a cornerstone of the collaboration between higher education and the business community to cultivate critical thinking. Assessment includes measuring learners’ progress in critical thinking, the effectiveness of curricula, and the impact of partnerships through the use of key performance indicators.

Regarding how to implement a critical thinking curriculum, pedagogical research ( Elen et al. 2019 ) suggests that in the development of critical thinking, whether it is regarded as a skill, disposition, or a combination of both, three categories of supportive measures can be identified: modeling, induction, and declaration.

Modeling: Support the development of critical thinking skills by demonstrating what it means to think critically at the institutional, programmatic, and course levels, considering multiple perspectives and alternative viewpoints.

Induction: Support critical thinking development by provoking critical thinking through the presentation of open-ended questions, unstructured tasks, complex problems, and real-world issues. The exact nature of “induction” and how it is implemented may vary across fields and disciplines. Induction can be carried out in a variety of ways; for example, presenting unstructured problems, providing authentic tasks, encouraging constructive controversy, asking “why” questions, or encouraging student autonomy.

Explanation: Promote the development of critical thinking by articulating or explicitly stating what is at stake, what strategies can be used, and what criteria must be met. This explanation can take the form of oral or written communication and should always be explicit and specific. Declaring and making things explicit can be accomplished in a variety of ways, including using critical thinking rubrics, developing elaborate concept maps, providing feedback on critical thinking, and engaging in discussion and reflection on critical issues.

This integrated approach, encompassing university-business collaboration and an educational protocol, underscores the significance of critical thinking in higher education. It provides a structured framework for nurturing this essential skill by aligning objectives, fostering partnerships, adapting curricula, and implementing ongoing evaluation practices. In doing so, educational institutions are better poised to equip students with the critical thinking skills needed to thrive in a rapidly evolving world.

6. Concluding Remarks or Can Critical THINKING Save the World?

In summary, the dynamic interaction between universities, businesses, and the evolving technology landscape, including the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and online technologies, underscore the critical need to nurture and develop students’ critical thinking skills. As we navigate the challenges posed by AI and the ever-expanding digital realm, collaborative efforts between academia and industry have proven to be instrumental in preparing students for the future job market.

Incorporating real-world experiences, such as apprenticeships, into the curriculum is an important step toward improving students’ critical thinking skills in real-world contexts. Projects such as “Critical thinking across higher education curricula—CRITHINKEDU” and “Critical thinking for successful jobs—THINK4JOBS” have demonstrated the potential of these collaborations to bridge the gap between classroom learning and industry needs. In addition, the development of flexible curricula that can adapt to the evolving needs of the job market, especially considering online technologies, is essential. By integrating real-world challenges and case studies into the curriculum, students gain valuable problem-solving skills and are better prepared to navigate the complexities of the digital age.

Ongoing assessment and evaluation are critical components of this collaborative effort, ensuring that critical thinking remains a central focus and that students are making meaningful progress in acquiring this essential skill.

With the disruption of AI and the ubiquity of online technologies, the integration of critical thinking into higher education curricula is more important than ever. It enables students not only to thrive in a technology-driven world, but also to contribute to a rational, democratic, and globally interconnected society. The partnerships forged between universities and businesses, along with a well-defined educational protocol, provide a roadmap for cultivating these essential skills and preparing students for the challenges and opportunities of the future job market. The imperative to foster critical thinking in university curricula remains a fundamental step in equipping tomorrow’s workforce to navigate the complexities of an AI-influenced job market and a rapidly changing world.

Lilienfeld ( 2007, para. 3 ) said it well: “The greatest threat to the world is ideological fanaticism, by ideological fanaticism I mean the unshakeable conviction that one’s belief system and that of other in-group members is always right and righteous and that others’ belief systems are always wrong and wrong-headed”. Imagine a world where (most or even many) people use the skills of critical thinking. Just maybe, CT could save the world.

The job market will require a psychologically adaptable toolkit, and we propose that critical thinking is an essential component therein. The disruptions imposed by new technological advances such as AI will require students to learn new employable skills because we will need not just an engineer, but a critical thinking engineer; not just a programmer, but a critical thinking programmer; and not just a journalist, but a critical thinking journalist. The dignity of workers—their humanity and our collective survival—may well depend on CT, a very human creation.

Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank Dana Dunn, Moravian University, for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.

Funding Statement

Daniela Dumitru received funding from European Commission/EACEA, through the ERASMUS+ Programme, “Critical Thinking for Successful Jobs—Think4Jobs” Project, with the reference number 2020-1-EL01-KA203-078797.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, D.F.H. and D.D.; investigation, D.F.H. and D.D.; resources, D.F.H. and D.D.; writing—original draft preparation, D.F.H. and D.D.; writing—review and editing, D.F.H. and D.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Critical Thinking

Developing the right mindset and skills.

By the Mind Tools Content Team

We make hundreds of decisions every day and, whether we realize it or not, we're all critical thinkers.

We use critical thinking each time we weigh up our options, prioritize our responsibilities, or think about the likely effects of our actions. It's a crucial skill that helps us to cut out misinformation and make wise decisions. The trouble is, we're not always very good at it!

In this article, we'll explore the key skills that you need to develop your critical thinking skills, and how to adopt a critical thinking mindset, so that you can make well-informed decisions.

What Is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking is the discipline of rigorously and skillfully using information, experience, observation, and reasoning to guide your decisions, actions, and beliefs. You'll need to actively question every step of your thinking process to do it well.

Collecting, analyzing and evaluating information is an important skill in life, and a highly valued asset in the workplace. People who score highly in critical thinking assessments are also rated by their managers as having good problem-solving skills, creativity, strong decision-making skills, and good overall performance. [1]

Key Critical Thinking Skills

Critical thinkers possess a set of key characteristics which help them to question information and their own thinking. Focus on the following areas to develop your critical thinking skills:

Being willing and able to explore alternative approaches and experimental ideas is crucial. Can you think through "what if" scenarios, create plausible options, and test out your theories? If not, you'll tend to write off ideas and options too soon, so you may miss the best answer to your situation.

To nurture your curiosity, stay up to date with facts and trends. You'll overlook important information if you allow yourself to become "blinkered," so always be open to new information.

But don't stop there! Look for opposing views or evidence to challenge your information, and seek clarification when things are unclear. This will help you to reassess your beliefs and make a well-informed decision later. Read our article, Opening Closed Minds , for more ways to stay receptive.

Logical Thinking

You must be skilled at reasoning and extending logic to come up with plausible options or outcomes.

It's also important to emphasize logic over emotion. Emotion can be motivating but it can also lead you to take hasty and unwise action, so control your emotions and be cautious in your judgments. Know when a conclusion is "fact" and when it is not. "Could-be-true" conclusions are based on assumptions and must be tested further. Read our article, Logical Fallacies , for help with this.

Use creative problem solving to balance cold logic. By thinking outside of the box you can identify new possible outcomes by using pieces of information that you already have.

Self-Awareness

Many of the decisions we make in life are subtly informed by our values and beliefs. These influences are called cognitive biases and it can be difficult to identify them in ourselves because they're often subconscious.

Practicing self-awareness will allow you to reflect on the beliefs you have and the choices you make. You'll then be better equipped to challenge your own thinking and make improved, unbiased decisions.

One particularly useful tool for critical thinking is the Ladder of Inference . It allows you to test and validate your thinking process, rather than jumping to poorly supported conclusions.

Developing a Critical Thinking Mindset

Combine the above skills with the right mindset so that you can make better decisions and adopt more effective courses of action. You can develop your critical thinking mindset by following this process:

Gather Information

First, collect data, opinions and facts on the issue that you need to solve. Draw on what you already know, and turn to new sources of information to help inform your understanding. Consider what gaps there are in your knowledge and seek to fill them. And look for information that challenges your assumptions and beliefs.

Be sure to verify the authority and authenticity of your sources. Not everything you read is true! Use this checklist to ensure that your information is valid:

• Are your information sources trustworthy ? (For example, well-respected authors, trusted colleagues or peers, recognized industry publications, websites, blogs, etc.)
• Is the information you have gathered up to date ?
• Has the information received any direct criticism ?
• Does the information have any errors or inaccuracies ?
• Is there any evidence to support or corroborate the information you have gathered?
• Is the information you have gathered subjective or biased in any way? (For example, is it based on opinion, rather than fact? Is any of the information you have gathered designed to promote a particular service or organization?)

If any information appears to be irrelevant or invalid, don't include it in your decision making. But don't omit information just because you disagree with it, or your final decision will be flawed and bias.

Now observe the information you have gathered, and interpret it. What are the key findings and main takeaways? What does the evidence point to? Start to build one or two possible arguments based on what you have found.

You'll need to look for the details within the mass of information, so use your powers of observation to identify any patterns or similarities. You can then analyze and extend these trends to make sensible predictions about the future.

To help you to sift through the multiple ideas and theories, it can be useful to group and order items according to their characteristics. From here, you can compare and contrast the different items. And once you've determined how similar or different things are from one another, Paired Comparison Analysis can help you to analyze them.

The final step involves challenging the information and rationalizing its arguments.

Apply the laws of reason (induction, deduction, analogy) to judge an argument and determine its merits. To do this, it's essential that you can determine the significance and validity of an argument to put it in the correct perspective. Take a look at our article, Rational Thinking , for more information about how to do this.

Once you have considered all of the arguments and options rationally, you can finally make an informed decision.

Afterward, take time to reflect on what you have learned and what you found challenging. Step back from the detail of your decision or problem, and look at the bigger picture. Record what you've learned from your observations and experience.

Critical thinking involves rigorously and skilfully using information, experience, observation, and reasoning to guide your decisions, actions and beliefs. It's a useful skill in the workplace and in life.

You'll need to be curious and creative to explore alternative possibilities, but rational to apply logic, and self-aware to identify when your beliefs could affect your decisions or actions.

You can demonstrate a high level of critical thinking by validating your information, analyzing its meaning, and finally evaluating the argument.

Critical Thinking Infographic

See Critical Thinking represented in our infographic: An Elementary Guide to Critical Thinking .

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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 31 May 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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Elektrostal Localisation : Country Russia , Oblast Moscow Oblast . Available Information : Geographical coordinates , Population, Area, Altitude, Weather and Hotel . Nearby cities and villages : Noginsk , Pavlovsky Posad and Staraya Kupavna .

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Ep. 16 - Preparing Your Kids for a Rapidly Changing Job Market (Part 1 of 2) // Lisa Nehring The Christy-Faith Show

Today’s conversation with Lisa Nehring explores the concept of the fourth industrial revolution and its implications for homeschooling. Christy-Faith and Lisa discuss the rapid changes in technology and the job market, emphasizing the need for adaptable skills and critical thinking. The ladies higlight importance of literacy, self-learning, soft skills, and emotional intelligence. They also touch on the five emerging economies and offer practical advice for homeschooling parents to adapt their teaching methods and curriculum.      Takeaways:  The fourth industrial revolution is characterized by the merging of technology and humanity, blurring the lines between physical, biological, and digital spheres.Children are likely to have multiple jobs in different industries throughout their lives, and many of the jobs that will exist in the future do not exist yet.To prepare children for the future, focus on developing critical thinking skills, promoting literacy, fostering self-learning, and cultivating soft skills such as communication, collaboration, and creativity.Emotional intelligence is also crucial, as it helps children navigate the global gig economy and work effectively with people from diverse backgrounds.Homeschooling parents can adapt their teaching methods by incorporating literature-based curriculum, engaging in Socratic discussions, and creating space for open and challenging conversations with their children About today’s guest: Lisa Nehring  is the owner of  True North Homeschool Academy, a 2nd -12th grade full service on-line Academy, as well as  “Its Not that Hard to Homeschool” and Blue Collar Homeschool, providing books, tools and online community for families that choose to homeschool. ******************************************* LINKS & RESOURCES Build A Homeschool That Does Right By Your Kids: https://christy-faith.com/pages/thrive Use my Homeschool Success Framework: https://christy-faith.com/pages/thrive#r-1681759143216 It’s time to defeat homeschool doubt and second-guessing forever. Find homeschool-friendly service providers (like doctors, educators, and more): https://www.christy-faiths-list.com Take my FREE 5-Minute Homeschool Style Finder: https://christy-faith.com/pages/christy-faiths-5-minute-homeschool-style-finder Pick up your copy of Christy-Faith’s latest book! Homeschool Rising: Shattering Myths, Finding Courage, and Opting Out of the School System https://christy-faith.com/pages/homeschool-rising-book Links & Free: https://christy-faith.com/pages/links Work with Christy-Faith: https://christy-faith.com/pages/contact ******************************************* SHOW SPONSORS CTC Math - Get 50% off my favorite online math curriculum https://ctcmath.com/how-it-works/home-school Thrive Homeschool Community - Create a homeschool that’s better than any public or private school option https://christy-faith.com/pages/thrive ******************************************* CHAPTERS 00:00 Introduction to the Fourth Industrial Revolution 07:00 Preparing Children for a Rapidly Changing Job Market 10:21 The Importance of Literacy and Critical Thinking 11:20 Developing Self-Learning Skills and Soft Skills 24:08 Adapting Teaching Methods and Curriculum ******************************************* FIND CHRISTY-FAITH HERE TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@christy_faith Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/christy_faith_homeschool YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@christy-faith Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/ChristyFaithHomeschooling Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ChristyFaithHomeschool Threads: https://www.threads.net/@christy_faith_homeschool X (Twitter): https://twitter.com/Christy_Faith_1  (00:00) - Introduction to the Fourth Industrial Revolution
 (07:00) - Preparing Children for a Rapidly Changing Job Market
 (10:21) - The Importance of Literacy and Critical Thinking
 (11:20) - Developing Self-Learning Skills and Soft Skills
 (24:08) - Adap

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Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills | 8th Edition

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Perfect for instructors who take a practical, skill-building approach to teaching leadership, the eighth edition of LEADERSHIP provides an ideal balance of essential theory and real-world applications. Andrew DuBrin, a highly respected author and consultant, incorporates the latest research on leadership and current business practices from academic journals and popular periodicals. The text provides students with a strong practical foundation by introducing leaders they can relate to and reinforcing their knowledge with frequent skill-building activities. Key updates include new opening vignettes and end-of-chapter cases, numerous additional skill-building exercises, and a role-playing or other experiential activity linked to all end-of-chapter cases. In addition, LEADERSHIP is available with MindTap for the first time. Mindtap is a personalized, fully online digital learning platform of authoritative Cengage Learning content, assignments, and services that engages students with interactivity while offering you a choice in the configuration of course work and enhancement of the curriculum. MindTap guides students through the course curriculum via an innovative Learning Path Navigator where they complete interactive self-assessments reading assignments, annotate your readings, complete homework, and engage with quizzes and assessments.

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Elektrostal Localisation : Country Russia , Oblast Moscow Oblast . Available Information : Geographical coordinates , Population, Area, Altitude, Weather and Hotel . Nearby cities and villages : Noginsk , Pavlovsky Posad and Staraya Kupavna .

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Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills 2nd Edition

There is a newer edition of this item:.

• ISBN-10 0395856647
• ISBN-13 978-0395856642
• Edition 2nd Edition
• Publisher Houghton Mifflin
• Publication date January 1, 1998
• Language English
• Dimensions 0.75 x 7.75 x 9.5 inches
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Product details

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Houghton Mifflin; 2nd Edition (January 1, 1998)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0395856647
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0395856642
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.98 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 0.75 x 7.75 x 9.5 inches

About the author

Andrew j. dubrin.

Andrew J. DuBrin is a Professor Management emeritus at the Saunders College of Business at the Rochester Institute of Technology, where he has taught courses in organizational behavior, leadership, and career management. He received his PhD in industrial/organizational psychology at Michigan State University.

DuBrin has business experience in human resource management, and consults with organizational and individuals. His specialties include leadership, organizational politics including influence tactics and impression management, and career development. He is an established author of professional books, text books, and trade books, and also contributes to professional journals.

Many of the examples and cases in his book stem from personal contacts, including family members, friends, and his experiences as a customer.

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