essay on drug abuse in punjabi

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OPINION: How to face Punjab’s drug problem

Over-reliance on law enforcement is not just ineffective; it may be counterproductive

The drug problem in Punjab is serious. In terms of proportion of people affected by drug addiction (or ‘substance use disorders’ which is the more correct term), Punjab figures among top states in the country for almost all the categories of drugs.

Among various drug categories, the most serious problem for Punjab (and indeed for India) is the category of opioid drugs. Opioids are substances which have action similar to that of opium on the body, even though not all opioids are derived from opium (some are synthetically prepared as well). Among opioids, it is the heroin which is most addictive. Addiction to opium is associated with high risk of devastation and death. 

India is a legally opium cultivating country with an established (socio-culturally accepted) practice of use of opium and other low potency opioid products. However, it is heroin that is used by a far higher number of people, as noted in the report, Magnitude of substance use in India (Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019).

The data shows that the highest rates of opioid addiction in India are in states that are located along the known international heroin trafficking routes (those in the northeast and in the northwest). Thus, it seems that excessive control on legal opium cultivation, and on availability of low-potency opium products like doda or bhukki (poppy husk), has been followed by a higher demand for internationally trafficked heroin in India.

Dealing with the problems of drug addiction requires a judicious combination of three types of strategies—drug supply reduction, drug demand reduction and harm reduction. Unfortunately, almost everywhere in the world the knee-jerk (and populist) response to drug problems is that of supply control. Using brute force, the authorities (erroneously) believe that it will be possible to clamp down on drug availability. 

Over-reliance on drug law enforcement is just not ineffective; it may in fact be counterproductive. As long as there is demand for drugs, the supply would continue (and a relatively less harmful drug will often be replaced by a more harmful drug).

Many countries have realised this and have taken demand reduction and harm reduction approaches along with supply reduction.

Demand reduction constitutes two broad sets of measures—those aimed at prevention of drug use and those aimed at treatment of drug use disorders. Harm reduction essentially means that reducing harms of drug use (such as death or spread of serious infections like HIV) is much more important than insistence on complete cessation of drugs use. Thus, supplying clean needles and syringes to people who use drugs or educating them on how to minimise the risk is an effective harm reduction approach employed in many parts of the world, including India.

In 2015, the report of Punjab Opioid Dependence Survey was released. In that report—looking at the high prevalence of opioid dependence in the state—we recommended a judicious combination of supply reduction, demand reduction and harm reduction. More specifically, as the treatment strategy for opioid dependence, we recommended not relying only on the conventional approach of inpatient or residential treatment in the de-addiction or rehabilitation centres (which was then, the predominant approach in Punjab). 

Since opioid dependence is a chronic, relapsing non-communicable disease (just like hypertension or diabetes or depression), it requires a long-term medical and psychosocial treatment at the outpatient level (not just a few weeks stay in a restrictive setting).

Fortunately, over the years, we have seen the recommendation being followed in Punjab. The Outpatient Opioid Assisted treatment (OOAT) programme is the largest programme of its kind for any state of the country, delivering treatment to lakhs of patients. Indeed, many other states which are facing the opioid dependence epidemic need to develop and implement similar, state-specific treatment programmes which are based on scientific evidence of effectiveness.

The National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre at AIIMS has been proud to provide its assistance to Punjab over many years now in the form of research, guidance, mentoring and hand-holding to enhance the capacity of health systems and the treatment professionals in the state to respond effectively to the challenge posed by drug addiction.

Dr Ambekar is professor at the National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre and department of psychiatry at AIIMS, Delhi.

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The Problem of Drug Abuse in Punjab: A Study

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LLM Student at Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, India

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India is trapped in a never-ending spiral of drug usage, with the population of addicts increasing by the day. In Punjab, The epidemic of drug addiction among young people has reached alarming proportions. Drug addiction is being fueled by changing cultural standards, growing economic hardship, and decreasing social relationships. This paper has analyzed the causative factors that are exacerbating the drug abuse in Punjab, ranging from peer pressure unemployment to easy availability and porous borders. The paper further discussed the new and emerging trends on drug abuse in the state, such as the role played by the women in the trafficking of drugs and how they are used by male drug peddlers to mask their illicit drug trafficking, the implications of Covid Pandemic on the magnitude of substance abuse, how it helped the administration in bringing people closer to de-addiction centres. The paper that over-the-counter drugs medicines facilitate speedier and less expensive access to healthcare; yet, their abuse and negative health impacts raised concern in the contemporary society, the loopholes in the law regulating the over-the-counter drugs have been investigated by the paper and found that a family carrying bottles of Codeine cough syrup or a pharmacist selling Tramadol without first checking for medical prescriptions is the current reality in Punjab, and even in India as a whole. This study has found that The situation is extremely serious in Punjab. It is critical that government take notice of it. To conclude, the drug menace is likely to endanger the social, economic and political systems in the country in the near future, unless we start making all-out efforts immediately to control it with a firm political resolve, community involvement, and immediate legislative and executive interventions.

• Drugs Abuse in Punjab
• Narco Terrorism
• Substance Abuse Punjab.

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International Journal of Law Management and Humanities, Volume 5, Issue 1, Page 826 - 844

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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution -NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting, and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright © IJLMH 2021

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https://doij.org/10.10000/IJLMH.112554

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Drug abuse: Uncovering the burden in rural Punjab

Affiliation.

• 1 Department of Community Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences Medical College and Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
• PMID: 29417008
• PMCID: PMC5787955
• DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.222037

Introduction: Drug abuse is a global phenomenon, affecting almost every country, but its extent and characteristics differ from region to region. India too is caught in this vicious circle of drug abuse, and the numbers of drug addicts are increasing day by day. The bane of drug abuse in Punjab has acquired the proportions of a pestilence that has shaken the entire society in the state. It is observed that in Punjab "drug abuse" is a raging epidemic, especially among the young.

Methodology: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 adolescents and young adults (11-35 years) from 15 villages of Jalandhar District. Systematic sampling (probability proportionate to size) was used for the selection of study subjects. A preformed, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on type and frequency of drugs abused and other sociodemographic variables. The statistical evaluation of the data was performed using SPSS software, version 21.0.

Results: The prevalence of substance abuse among study group was 65.5% and most common substance abused was alcohol (41.8%), followed by tobacco (21.3%). A high prevalence of heroin abusers was noted among study subjects (20.8%). The prevalence of nonalcohol and nontobacco substance abuse was 34.8%. A significant association of drug abuse was observed with male gender, illiteracy, and age above 30 years.

Conclusions: The problem of drug abuse in youth of Punjab is a matter of serious concern as every third person is hooked to drugs other than alcohol and tobacco. The other striking observations were the high prevalence of heroin and intravenous drug abuse.

Keywords: Adolescents; Punjab; drug abuse; heroin; young adults.

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Punjabi Essay on "Drug Addiction", “ਨਸ਼ਾ ਨਾਸ਼ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ ਨਾਰੀ ਦੀ ਭੂਮਿਕਾ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ”, “Say No to Drugs”, Punjabi Essay for Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10

Essay on Drug Addiction in Punjabi Language : In this article, we are providing  ਨਸ਼ਾ ਨਾਸ਼ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ ਨਾਰੀ ਦੀ ਭੂਮਿਕਾ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ  for students...

ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਕਈ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਤਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਪਿਛਲੇ ਕੁੱਝ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੋਂ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਭੈੜੀ ਆਦਤ ਲਗਾਤਾਰ ਜ਼ੋਰ ਪਕੜ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ । ਅੱਜ ਕਲ੍ਹ ਸਕੂਲਾਂ, ਕਾਲਜਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ, ਹੋਸਟਲਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹੋਸਟਲਰਾਂ ਆਦਿ ਵਿਚ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਹਨ । ਹੋਸਟਲਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਤਾਂ ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦਾ ਇਕ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਭੂਤ ਹੀ ਸਵਾਰ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ । ਉਹ ਇਕ ਦੂਜੇ ਦੀ ਰੀਸ ਤੇ ਭੇਡ ਚਾਲ ਕਾਰਨ ਇਸ ਬੀਮਾਰੀ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਹੋ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ । ਹੋਸਟਲ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਕੋਲੋਂ ਸ਼ਰਾਬ, ਚਰਸ, ਗਾਂਜਾ, ਕੋਕੀਨ, ਭੰਗ, ਐਲ.ਐਮ.ਡੀ. ਦੀਆਂ ਗੋਲੀਆਂ ਆਦਿ ਕਈ ਕੁਝ ਮਿਲਦਾ । ਹੈ । ਇਹ ਆਦਰ ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਗੋਂ ਕੁੜੀਆਂ ਵੀ ਇਸ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ।

ਆਮ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਹੋਸਟਲ ਦੇ ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਨਸ਼ੇਵਾਂਜ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਨਵੇਂ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਜਬਰਦਸਤੀ ਜਾਂ ਮਜ਼ਾਕੀ ਮਜ਼ਾਕ ਵਿਚ ਇਸ ਨਸ਼ੇ ਦੀ ਆਦਤ ਪਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ । ਸਿਗਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਰਾਬ ਪੀਣਾ ਉਹ ਇਕ ਸ਼ਾਨ ਮੰਨਦੇ ਹਨ । ਹੌਲੀ-ਹੌਲੀ ਉਹ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਆਦੀ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ । ਇਹਨਾਂ ਨਸ਼ੀਲੇ ਪਦਾਰਥਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦਾ ਕਾਰਨ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਉਦਾਸੀਨਤਾ, ਬੇਚੈਨੀ ਅਤੇ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਪਰੇਸ਼ਾਨੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਉਥੇ ਛੇੜੀ ਸੰਗਤਾਂ ਵੀ ਹੈ ।

ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦੀ ਬੀਮਾਰੀ ਨੌਜਵਾਨ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਆਉਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਪੀੜੀ ਨੂੰ ਨਕਾਰਾ ਅਤੇ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਬਣਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ । ਇਸਦਾ ਸੌਖਾ ਇਲਾਜ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਨਸ਼ੀਲੇ ਪਦਾਰਥਾਂ ਦੀ ਖੁੱਲੀ ਵਿਕਰੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਪਾਬੰਦੀ ਲਾਈ ਜਾਵੇ । ਜਿਹੜਾ ਵੀ ਚੋਰੀ ਛਿਪੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਨਸ਼ੀਲੀਆਂ ਵਸਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਸਨੂੰ ਸਖ਼ਤ ਸਜ਼ਾ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ । ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਕੁਰੀਤੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਥਾਂ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਵੱਖ ਵੱਖ ਢੰਗਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਮੁਕਾਬਲੇ, ਕਲਾ ਪਿਆਰ, ਸਾਹਿਤ ਸਿਰਜਣਾ ਆਦਿ ਦੀਆਂ ਰੁਚੀਆਂ ਪੈਦਾ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਜਾਣ ।

ਨਸ਼ੇ ਦੀ ਆਦਤ ਸਿਰਫ ਹੋਸਟਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਇਹ ਆਦਤ ਘਰ ਵਿਚ ਮਾਂ-ਪਿਉ ਦੇ ਪਿਆਰ ਤੋਂ ਸੱਖਣੇ ਰਹਿ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ ਜਾਂ ਘਰ ਵਿਚ ਆਪਣੀਆਂ ਜਿੰਮੇਦਾਰੀਆਂ ਪੂਰੀ ਨਾ ਕਰ ਸਕਣ ਦੀ ਹਾਲਤ ਵਿਚ ਵੀ ਉਹ ਇਸ ਨਸ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਸਹਾਰਾ ਲੈਂਦੇ ਹਨ ।

ਇਸ ਕੰਮ ਲਈ ਇਕੱਲੀ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਕੁਝ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੀ। ਮਾਪਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਇਸ ਕੰਮ ਲਈ ਹੰਭਲਾ ਮਾਰਨਾ ਪਏਗਾ । ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਚੱਜੇ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਤੋਂ ਜਾਣੂ ਕਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਵੇ । ਮਾਂ ਪਿਉ ਨੂੰ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਿਆਰ ਨਾਲ ਧਿਆਨ ਨਾਲ ਰੱਖਣ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਜਰੂਰਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝਣ ਤੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਜਿੰਮੇਦਾਰੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਪੂਰੀ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਤਿਆਰ ਕਰਨ । ਇਸੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਅਸੀਂ ਆਪਣੀ ਆਉਣ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਪੀੜੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਹੀ ਰਾਸਤਾ ਵਿਖਾ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਾਂ ਤੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਨੂੰ ਚੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਕਲਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਰਖ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਾਂ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਅਜ ਦਾ ਨੌਜਵਾਨ ਹੀ ਸਾਡੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਭਵਿੱਖ ਹੈ ।

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Over 3 million people in Punjab consume drugs: PGIMER study

Pgimer study revealed over 3 million people in punjab are currently consuming one or the other kind of drugs. alcohol is maximally abused substance with over 2 million people consuming it.

Over 3 million people, amounting to around 15.4% of the population in Punjab, are currently consuming one or the other kind of drugs. However, alcohol is the maximally abused substance with over 2 million people consuming it in the state.

This was revealed in a study conducted by the community medicine department of the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) on Monday.

The second edition of the book: ‘Roadmap for Prevention and Control of Substance Abuse in Punjab’, edited by Dr JS Thakur, professor of community medicine at the PGIMER, was released by Banwarilal Purohit, Punjab governor and UT administrator, on Monday. The report contains comprehensive information on the burden of substance abuse in India and the state of Punjab, various types of substances abused by people, strategies for the prevention and control, the district substance abuse prevention plan and implementation.

While detailing the findings, Dr Thakur said, “As per the State of Punjab Household Survey (SPHS) and state-wide NCD STEPs Survey by the PGIMER, the projected number of overall substance use in Punjab is 15.4%, with more prevalence among the men. Over 2 million people consume alcohol, followed by tobacco, which is consumed by more than 1.5 million people. Also, around 1.7 lakh people consume opioids, followed by cannabinoids as well as sedative-inhalant- stimulants. These are largely a class of pharmacological or prescription drugs being used illicitly.”

The study also revealed that there is also a large number of injecting drug users in states with a high prevalence of HIV (19.5%) in the survey.

He added that there should be a self-sustained strategy, which will work towards supply, demand and harm reduction measures. Supply reduction strategy means to target illegal drugs, whereby the efforts generally involve attempts to disrupt the distribution and supply chains for these drugs. Demand reduction can be mediated via the efforts aimed at reducing the public desire for illegal and illicit drugs. De-addiction services are contributing to demand reduction measures.

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Table of Contents

Drug abuse in Punjab

Tags: GS Paper 1 Indian Society

Context: Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann led a large prayer gathering of schoolchildren, in which they pledged to reject the scourge of drugs.

• Punjab continues to grapple with the menace that has plagued it for over a decade. Seasoned police officers describe it as narco-terrorism, propagated by an unfriendly neighbour.
• The Director-General of Police regularly updates the public on drug seizures, citing an alarming annual tally of 12,000 to 14,000 cases filed under the NDPS Act, alongside a record seizure of 1,100 kg of heroin in 2023.
• Drug overdose deaths continue — as per the government’s own report, 266 persons have died of drugs between April 2020 and March 2023.
• Earlier it was also reported that the problem of drug abuse is likely to explode in the next decade as the usage in now reaching the adolescents. It was also observed that impact of drug abuse has increased both in rural and Urban India.
• There has been also an increase in drug-abuse particularly post the corona pandemic.

What is Drug or Substance Addiction?

Drug addiction occurs when its abuse affects a person’s work and normal family life. It creates a ripple effect in the lives of the user and his immediate circle of family, friends, co-workers, neighbours and acquaintances. 

Why Punjab remains a problem?

Geographic Location:

The state’s vulnerable geography makes it a hotspot for smuggling of heroin and other opioids across the border.

Declining Agricultural Wealth

Agriculture, which brought the state its wealth, is stagnating and with little industrialisation there is high unemployment present today in Punjab, which makes it a ideal breeding ground for drug industry to make inroads.

Reminiscent of Khalistan movement

In the 1980s, Punjab was in the grip of a violent separatist militancy which has now ebbed but has left its scars. Though Punjab got rid of the secessionist movement only for it to be replaced with narcotics-terrorism thus highlighting the linkages between organised crime and terrorism.

Functional challenges

The small quantity of the drugs seized by the police are clubbed under personal consumption and not as aggregators or peddlers, and this lapse is being utilised by the drug cartels which now engage small time and part time drug peddlers not only making it difficult for police to crack but also multiplying the spread.

Ludhiana as the Drug capital

As Drug usage is also directly proportional to availability of money, Ludhiana being a business hub and with the large population has led to its emergence as Drug capital in Punjab. 

Further the presence of strong diaspora abroad and the remittances contributed by them increases the paying capacity of people also in rural areas.

REASONS FOR DRUG ABUSE IN INDIA

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: India is located between the Golden Crescent (IRAN, PAKISTAN and AFGHANISTAN)  and the Golden Triangle (Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam) which are the largest opium producing region globally.

LOW INCOME GROUP: Population belonging to the lower strata of the society are particularly exposed to drug abuse in India, and use these as a form of relaxation agent.

SOCIETAL PRESSURE: Most of the youth who get addicted to drug abuse is due to the fact that they start it under the peer pressure or even due to the isolation suffered at the adolescent level at the hands of parents and friends. Apart from this performance pressure, growing emptiness and changing socio-economic conditions are having a toll on the age group.

HEALTH CONDITIONS: It can also be due to mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression or even due to the high levels of stress.

POOR LAW ENFORCEMENT: Corruption among the local enforcement agencies (police) and the loopholes at the border levels have been successfully exploited by the drug cartels. There is also a shortage of staff and equipment to tackle the illicit traffic of drugs.

CURRENT ECONOMIC DOWNTURN: The economic downturn due to covid pandemic and the global recession that is following will certainly increase the trend of drug abuse in India.

GLAMOURISATION:

There has been also glamourisation of intoxication and addictive substance via social media and OTT platforms through web series. 

Steps taken by Punjab to counter

• Many villages have formed their own anti-drug committees .
• Some police districts have introduced gully cricke t, while others have instructed constables to mentor addicts.
• Police personnel’s are also harnessing the power of social media , with district police chiefs often leading these initiatives.
• The prayer gathering at the Golden Temple was an attempt in this direction such that the tenets of religion can be also utilised as a tool of moral suasion.

  Indian Government Efforts To Fight Drug Abuse

• Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB ): NCB is primary agency responsible for curbing trade in illicit drugs & precursor chemicals. NCB shares intelligence with other agencies like Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI), Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC), and Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) for better coordination. 
• NCB also take required actions to control drug trafficking under the Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1985. India has entered into 26 bilateral agreements to tackle the threat of drug trade.
• Narco-Coordination Centre was established in 2016.
•  A mechanism under the NCB which was restructured in 2019 into a four-tier district-level scheme.
• Seizure Information Management System (SIMS ) was also launched in 2019 under Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, for better coordination of all drug law enforcement agencies.
• Constitution of National Fund for Control of Drug Abuse
• Project SUNRISE was launched specially for the Northeast region to tackle rising HIV prevalence, especially among the people injecting drugs.
• NASHA MUKT BHARAT campaign was also launched.
• India’s NCB works with several international agencies like SAARC Drug Offences Monitoring Desk, BRICS, Colombo Plan Drug Advisory Program, ASEAN Senior Officials on Drug Matters, BIMSTEC, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), among others, to combat the illicit trade of drugs.
• India is also a signatory to UN Convention on NARCOTIC DRUGS (1961), UN Convention on PSYCHOTROPIC Substances (1971), UN Convention on TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME.

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