can i get a second phd

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Double doctorate: can you get multiple phds, published by steve tippins on may 12, 2020 may 12, 2020.

Last Updated on: 2nd February 2024, 02:48 am

A question I’ve gotten a few times: “Can I get a double PhD?” 

The answer is yes, you can under most circumstances. But why? 

While there are some exceptional cases, generally I’d discourage people from pursuing a second PhD. Here are some of the reasons why. After I cover those, I’ll talk about situations where it makes sense to get multiple PhDs.

Reasons Not to Get a Double PhD

For the most part, I can’t see a big reason for a second PhD unless there is a second academic track you want to go into. Here are some reasons why getting a double PhD won’t actually double your opportunities.

You Are Already Considered an Expert

Once you have a PhD , few people outside of academia will ask you what it’s in. Outside the academic world, multiple PhDs will rarely give you much extra credibility.

Becoming a Student Again Is Tough

Getting a PhD means you’re very subservient to professors and committee members. Once you’ve emerged from that already and have become an expert, it’s very difficult to get back into that mindset. Doing so requires a lot of self-discipline and humility–sometimes even when it’s unwarranted. While possible, I wouldn’t say it’s desirable.

You Can Do Interdisciplinary Research Already

You probably wouldn’t need a PhD in both Anthropology and Psychology or in both Sociology and Psychology. Those fields are closely related, so an anthropologist can offer valuable insights to the field of psychology, and vice versa. Just make sure to stay within the scope of your knowledge or collaborate with researchers in the other field you’re exploring.

Over 50% of doctoral candidates don’t finish their dissertations.

You Already Have Research Skills

A PhD gives you the research skills, and those can transfer to other areas. If you have all those skills, you can get a lot of the information on your own and become an expert in another field. You know how to research and dive in and find people who can help you find other information, so if you need to know about a subject, you have the resources to do it on your own. You already have research skills. Why pay to learn them again?

A note of caution here: people have been getting in trouble for using “PhD” after their name and commenting on things that they’re not experts on. For example, someone with a PhD in classical literature commenting on current societal issues or health issues and not disclosing that their PhD is in an unrelated field.

If you want to be seen as an expert in a field, you’ll need to have a PhD (or other degree or certification) in that field. 

Objectively speaking, the PhD research skills apply across the board. And it may be that through self-study or mentorship, you are an expert in a field unrelated to your degree. However, if you’re putting yourself out there as an expert in another field, you can still say you’re an expert, just don’t put “PhD” after your name (or be clear about what your PhD is in).

You May Be Seen as a “Permanent Student”

If you haven’t had much of a career after your first PhD, you may be seen as a permanent student. As David Clark pointed out on Stack Exchange , “Hovering around getting multiple PhDs would be akin to getting multiple bachelor degrees. People may see you as a permanent student, not someone growing into a mature researcher.”

While there are many advantages to being a permanent student–a life of learning and curiosity being one of them–some hiring managers may consider it a drawback, as they’re looking for someone invested in their career.

Reasons to Get a Double PhD

All that said, there are some situations where getting multiple PhDs may be the best choice. I’ve outlined some of these below.

Expertise in Hard Sciences

The most common instances of people having multiple PhDs are in the hard sciences. For example, medical students may also pursue a PhD in something like chemistry or physiology. 

I’ve seen MDs with PhDs and JDs with PhDs. This can come in handy for those more interested in research or administrative work–for example, an MD who pursues a PhD in order to become eligible for an administrative-level position or pursue research.

Shifting Expertise

If you’re a biologist and would like to become a counselor or a mathematician, you’ll need a new degree. However, a PhD may not always be the best choice. Counselors, for example, can be certified with a Master’s degree (more on that in the next section).

That said, if you’re committed to research or high-level management positions in an entirely new field, it may be that there’s nothing to do but buckle down and get your second PhD.

Certifications with Similar Requirements

If you’re looking to get a certification, and the requirements for that certification are almost as much work as getting a PhD, it usually makes sense to go ahead and get the PhD.

For example, if you are an LMFT and want to get an AAMFT-Approved Supervisor designation, it’s usually worth just going ahead and getting the PhD, since the requirements for both are similarly stringent. 

Another reason to go this route: you can get student loans to fund a PhD, but not to fund self-study.

How to Get a Double PhD

See if it’s necessary.

See if getting a Master’s or certification in that field will allow you to do what you want to do. For example, somebody who has a PhD in History who decides they want to be a financial planner. They could get a certified financial planner designation and then be fine. If they want to be a therapist, they just need a master’s degree in therapy. 

See if You Can Get Credit from your Previous Program’s Courses

If you’re going into another field where you want to do research, you may get credit for the research courses you took in your previous program. However, there is usually a 5-10 year limit on this.

Pursue Two PhDs Simultaneously

In some cases, it is possible to complete similar coursework for multiple PhDs at the same time.

Christopher Wells pursued two related PhDs simultaneously. He says, “I have a double major doctoral degree that can be seen as two PhDs individually, in inorganic and physical chemistry, and pursued both of the majors at the same time during my nine years at SUNY Albany, from 2002 to 2011. However, my diploma only shows ‘Chemistry’, so I usually tell people directly about the two majors.”

Double PhD Summary

While in most situations getting multiple PhDs is unnecessary, there are some cases where it makes sense. If you’re in one of those situations, look into whether you can get credit for work you’ve already done.

Steve Tippins

Steve Tippins, PhD, has thrived in academia for over thirty years. He continues to love teaching in addition to coaching recent PhD graduates as well as students writing their dissertations. Learn more about his dissertation coaching and career coaching services. Book a Free Consultation with Steve Tippins

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Can I Do Double PhD? Double Doctorate and Two PhDs Explained

You may have heard of people completing a double degree, or having two masters. Would that be possible for PhD? Can I do double PhD?

You can do double PhD, but it is rather rare. This is because a single PhD alone is a challenge, and is often enough to establish expertise in the subject. Double PhD also means double the time, financial stress, meaning less are keen to do that. 

In this post, we discuss if a double PhD is possible, and if it is sensible. If you are keen to do it, we also explore how you can get about the process.

Can I Do Double PhD?

In short, you can. However, it is uncommon, and things are rather muddled if you go deeper.

Pursuing a PhD is a monumental task, often seen as the pinnacle of academic achievement. Yet, the idea of enrolling for a second PhD stirs mixed feelings in academia. 

Some opt for a double doctorate to bridge disciplines, becoming interdisciplinary scholars who can navigate multiple fields with ease.

Here, we are talking about two separate PhD degrees, not dual/joint PhD degrees some university awards for a single research.

Consider the journey of a researcher aiming to meld insights from neuroscience and public health. Their first PhD in neuroscience lays the groundwork. But to truly impact public health, they see value in a second PhD.

This blend of expertise allows for novel research that could lead to groundbreaking discoveries. It’s akin to having a foot in two worlds, with the ability to see and solve problems from a unique vantage point.

Yet, the road to two PhDs is fraught with challenges. Admission to a second doctoral program isn’t guaranteed, even with a PhD under your belt.

Prospective students must demonstrate not just academic prowess but a compelling reason to pursue another doctorate. Faculty often question the need for a second PhD unless it’s for a distinct, interdisciplinary career path.

There’s also the lifestyle aspect. PhD students often live on modest stipends, making the financial strain of a second PhD a significant consideration.

The term ‘permanent student’ might sound appealing to some, but the realities of delayed entry into the full-time job market and the potential for overqualification can be daunting.

Yet, for those driven by an insatiable curiosity and the desire to make a mark across disciplines, a second PhD can be a rewarding path.

Collaborating across departments, they can forge new connections and insights, contributing to academia in ways a single PhD might not allow. It’s a rare and challenging journey, but for the right individual, it can be incredibly fulfilling.

How Do You Do Double PhD?

Doing a double PhD is similar to regular PhD, you decide on your research, find a place and supervisor, complete your registration, and start your study. 

Ask Yourself: Do You Need A Double PhD?

However, start with assessing your motivation and end goals. Why do you need two PhDs?

• Is it to deepen your expertise in interconnected fields, or
• to forge a new path in an interdisciplinary area? 

Understanding your ‘why’ will guide your journey and help you articulate your vision to advisors and admission committees.

Research Suitable University and Supervisor

Once your goals are clear, research becomes crucial. You need to identify universities that not only offer PhD programs in your chosen disciplines but also support interdisciplinary research.

This is where you can really dive into the specifics of each program, understanding the coursework, research opportunities, and the faculty’s openness to guiding a student through multiple doctoral degrees.

Next, securing an advisor or mentor in each department is vital. These advisors will be your navigators, helping you bridge the gap between disciplines and ensuring your research is cohesive and impactful.

They can also provide insider insights and help you tailor your dissertation to reflect a truly interdisciplinary approach.

Submit An Compelling Application

Admission to a second PhD program while completing or after having completed the first requires a compelling application .

It’s not just about academic transcripts; your application must convey a clear vision of how the two PhDs will complement each other and contribute to the field.

This is where you highlight your unique perspective and the potential for groundbreaking discoveries that a dual doctorate can facilitate.

Throughout your journey, collaboration is key. Engaging with faculty and peers across departments will enrich your research and open up new avenues of inquiry. This multidisciplinary approach can lead to innovative solutions and contributions to your fields of study.

Pros & Cons Of Having Double PhD

If you are thinking about a double PhD, consider these pros and cons below as you make your decision:

• Interdisciplinary Expertise : With two PhDs in different fields, you become a bridge between disciplines, possessing a rare blend of knowledge. This interdisciplinary expertise can lead to innovative research and solutions. For instance, combining a PhD in public health with one in data science could revolutionize how we predict and manage health crises.
• Enhanced Career Opportunities : A double doctorate can open doors to specialized academic positions, high-level consultancy roles, or leadership in research and development sectors. Universities and research institutes value such unique qualifications for their potential to drive cross-disciplinary collaboration and innovation.
• Personal and Intellectual Growth : The process of earning two PhDs is incredibly enriching. You’re not just accumulating degrees; you’re engaging deeply with multiple subjects, methodologies, and ways of thinking. This can be a profoundly transformative experience, pushing the boundaries of your intellectual and personal capabilities.
• Time and Financial Investment : Completing one PhD can take anywhere from 3 to 8 years, and a second PhD adds to this timeline. The financial aspect is also significant, considering tuition fees, living expenses, and potential lost income during this extended period of study.
• Overqualification Concerns : Holding two PhDs might make you highly specialized, which can be a double-edged sword in the job market. Some employers may view such qualifications as excessive, worrying that you might demand a higher salary or not be satisfied with the available roles. This can inadvertently narrow your job prospects outside academia.
• Physical and Mental Toll : The rigors of a PhD program are well-documented, involving intense research, coursework, and the stress of dissertation writing. Multiplying this by two can take a significant toll on your mental and physical health. The pressure to perform and produce original research in two distinct fields can be overwhelming, leading to burnout if not carefully managed.

Is It Necessary To Do A Double PhD?

Deciding whether to pursue a second PhD involves a deep reflection on your career goals and the nature of your academic interests. It’s rare in academia to find professors or researchers with two PhDs.

The rarity is not because it’s unachievable, but because one doctorate usually suffices for establishing expertise and credibility in a field.

The necessity of a double doctorate hinges on very specific career paths or interdisciplinary ambitions that cannot be fulfilled through a single PhD program.

For example, someone passionate about creating solutions at the intersection of technology and environmental science might find that a single PhD limits their ability to deeply understand and innovate across these disciplines.

In such cases, a second PhD in a complementary field can provide the breadth and depth of knowledge needed to make significant contributions.

However, this path is not without its challenges. The financial, mental, and time investments are considerable, and the academic community often debates the practicality of such endeavors.

Moreover, the evolving nature of doctoral programs now allows for more interdisciplinary research within a single PhD, reducing the need for a second.

Universities are increasingly encouraging cross-departmental collaboration, enabling students to tailor their research projects to span multiple disciplines without the need for an additional degree.

In this context, the decision to pursue a second PhD should be carefully weighed against the opportunities to specialize and collaborate within existing doctoral frameworks.

Two Doctoral Degrees: Possible But May Not Be Needed

Pursuing a double PhD is a unique path that offers unparalleled interdisciplinary expertise and career opportunities but comes with significant challenges. It requires a clear understanding of your goals, immense dedication, and a willingness to navigate the complexities of academia.

While not necessary for everyone, for those driven by a deep passion for multiple disciplines, it can be a rewarding journey. Ultimately, the decision should be based on personal ambition, academic interests, and the strategic value of dual doctoral degrees.

Dr. JW Ong holds academic degrees, including a Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics from universities in New Zealand, Malaysia, and the UK. He started PhDPursuits.com as a way to share the experience he wish he would have had known before embarking on his PhD.

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9 things you should consider before embarking on a PhD

June 23, 2021 | 15 min read

By Andy Greenspon

The ideal research program you envision is not what it appears to be

Editor's Note:  When Andy Greenspon wrote this article, he was a first-year student in Applied Physics at Harvard. Now he has completed his PhD. — Alison Bert, June 23, 2021

If you are planning to apply for a PhD program, you're probably getting advice from dozens of students, professors, administrators your parents and the Internet. Sometimes it's hard to know which advice to focus on and what will make the biggest difference in the long-run. So before you go back to daydreaming about the day you accept that Nobel Prize, here are nine things you should give serious thought to. One or more of these tips may save you from anguish and help you make better decisions as you embark on that path to a PhD.

1. Actively seek out information about PhD programs.

Depending on your undergraduate institution, there may be more or less support to guide you in selecting a PhD program – but there is generally much less than when you applied to college.

On the website of my physics department, I found a page written by one of my professors, which listed graduate school options in physics and engineering along with resources to consult. As far as I know, my career center did not send out much information about PhD programs. Only after applying to programs did I find out that my undergraduate website had a link providing general information applicable to most PhD programs. This is the kind of information that is available all over the Internet.

So don't wait for your career center or department to lay out a plan for you. Actively seek it out from your career center counselors, your professors, the Internet — and especially from alumni from your department who are in or graduated from your desired PhD program. First-hand experiences will almost always trump the knowledge you get second-hand.

2. A PhD program is not simply a continuation of your undergraduate program.

Many students don't internalize this idea until they have jumped head-first into a PhD program. The goal is not to complete an assigned set of courses as in an undergraduate program, but to develop significant and original research in your area of expertise. You will have required courses to take, especially if you do not have a master's degree yet, but these are designed merely to compliment your research and provide a broad and deep knowledge base to support you in your research endeavors.

At the end of your PhD program, you will be judged on your research, not on how well you did in your courses. Grades are not critical as long as you maintain the minimum GPA requirement, and you should not spend too much time on courses at the expense of research projects. Graduate courses tend to be designed to allow you to take away what you will find useful to your research more than to drill a rigid set of facts and techniques into your brain.

3. Take a break between your undergraduate education and a PhD program.

You are beginning your senior year of college, and your classmates are asking you if you are applying to graduate school. You think to yourself, "Well, I like studying this topic and the associated research, and I am going to need a PhD if I want to be a professor or do independent research, so I might as well get it done as soon as possible." But are you certain about the type of research you want to do? Do you know where you want to live for the next five years? Are you prepared to stay in an academic environment for nine years straight?

Many people burn out or end up trudging through their PhD program without a thought about what lies outside of or beyond it. A break of a year or two or even more may be necessary to gain perspective. If all you know is an academic environment, how can you compare it to anything else? Many people take a job for five or more years before going back to get their PhD. It is true though that the longer you stay out of school, the harder it is to go back to an academic environment with lower pay and a lack of set work hours. A one-year break will give you six months or so after graduation before PhD applications are due. A two-year gap might be ideal to provide time to identify your priorities in life and explore different areas of research without having school work or a thesis competing for your attention.

Getting research experience outside of a degree program can help focus your interests and give you a leg up on the competition when you finally decide to apply. It can also help you determine whether you will enjoy full-time research or if you might prefer an alternative career path that still incorporates science, for example, in policy, consulting or business — or a hybrid research job that combines scientific and non-scientific skills.

I will be forever grateful that I chose to do research in a non-academic environment for a year between my undergraduate and PhD programs. It gave me the chance to get a feel for doing nothing but research for a full year. Working at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in the Space Division, I was the manager of an optics lab, performing spectroscopic experiments on rocks and minerals placed in a vacuum chamber. While my boss determined the overall experimental design, I was able to make my own suggestions for experiments and use my own discretion in how to perform them. I presented this research at two national conferences as well — a first for me. I was also able to learn about other research being performed there, determine which projects excited me the most, and thus narrow down my criteria for a PhD program.

4. Your current area of study does not dictate what you have to study in graduate school.

You might be studying the function and regulation of membrane proteins or doing a computational analysis of the conductivity of different battery designs, but that doesn't mean your PhD project must revolve around similar projects. The transition between college or another research job to a PhD program is one of the main transitions in your life when it is perfectly acceptable to completely change research areas.

If you are doing computation, you may want to switch to lab-based work or vice versa. If you are working in biology but have always had an interest in photonics research, now is the time to try it out. You may find that you love the alternative research and devote your PhD to it, you might hate it and fall back on your previous area of study — or you may even discover a unique topic that incorporates both subjects.

One of the best aspects of the PhD program is that you can make the research your own. Remember, the answer to the question "Why are you doing this research?" should not be "Well, because it's what I've been working on for the past few years already."While my undergraduate research was in atomic physics, I easily transitioned into applied physics and materials science for my PhD program and was able to apply much of what I learned as an undergraduate to my current research. If you are moving from the sciences to a non-STEM field such as social sciences or humanities, this advice can still apply, though the transition is a bit more difficult and more of a permanent commitment.

5. Make sure the PhD program has a variety of research options, and learn about as many research groups as possible in your first year.

Even if you believe you are committed to one research area, you may find that five years of such work is not quite what you expected. As such, you should find a PhD program where the professors are not all working in the same narrowly focused research area. Make sure there are at least three professors working on an array of topics you could imagine yourself working on.

In many graduate programs, you are supposed to pick a research advisor before even starting. But such arrangements often do not work out, and you may be seeking a new advisor before you know it. That's why many programs give students one or two semesters to explore different research areas before choosing a permanent research advisor.

In your first year, you should explore the research of a diverse set of groups. After touring their labs, talking to the students, or sitting in on group meetings, you may find that this group is the right one for you.

In addition, consider the importance of who your research advisor will be. This will be the person you interact with regularly for five straight years and who will have a crucial influence on your research. Do you like their advising style? Does their personality mesh with yours? Can you get along? Of course, the research your advisor works on is critical, but if you have large disagreements at every meeting or do not get helpful advice on how to proceed with your research, you may not be able to succeed. At the very least, you must be able to handle your advisor's management of the lab and advising style if you are going to be productive in your work. The Harvard program I enrolled in has professors working on research spanning from nanophotonics to energy materials and biophysics, covering my wide range of interests. By spending time in labs and offices informally chatting with graduate students, I found an advisor whose personality and research interests meshed very well with me. Their genuine enthusiasm for this advisor and their excitement when talking about their research was the best input I could have received.

6. Location is more important than you think — but name recognition is not.

The first consideration in choosing a PhD program should be, "Is there research at this university that I am passionate about?" After all, you will have to study this topic in detail for four or more years. But when considering the location of a university, your first thought should not be, "I'm going to be in the lab all the time, so what does it matter if I'm by the beach, in a city, or in the middle of nowhere." Contrary to popular belief, you will have a life outside of the lab, and you will have to be able to live with it for four or more years. Unlike when you were an undergraduate, your social and extracurricular life will revolve less around the university community, so the environment of the surrounding area is important. Do you need a city atmosphere to be productive? Or is your ideal location surrounded by forests and mountains or by a beach? Is being close to your family important? Imagine what it will be like living in the area during the times you are not doing research; consider what activities will you do and how often will you want to visit family.

While many of the PhD programs that accepted me had research that truly excited me, the only place I could envision living for five or more years was Boston, as the city I grew up near and whose environment and culture I love, and to be close to my family.

While location is more important than you think, the reputation and prestige of the university is not. In graduate school, the reputation of the individual department you are joining — and sometimes even the specific research group you work in — are more important. There, you will develop research collaborations and professional connections that will be crucial during your program and beyond. When searching for a job after graduation, other scientists will look at your specific department, the people you have worked with and the research you have done.

At the Asgard Irish Pub in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Andy Greenspon talks with fellow graduate students from Harvard and MIT at an Ask for Evidence workshop organized by Sense About Science. He grew up near Boston and chose to go to graduate school there.

7. Those time management skills you developed in college? Develop them further.

After surviving college, you may think you have mastered the ability to squeeze in your coursework, extracurricular activities and even some sleep. In a PhD program, time management reaches a whole new level. You will not only have lectures to attend and homework to do. You will have to make time for your research, which will include spending extended periods of time in the lab, analyzing data, and scheduling time with other students to collaborate on research.

Also, you will most likely have to teach for a number of semesters, and you will want to attend any seminar that may be related to your research or that just peaks your interest. To top it all off, you will still want to do many of those extracurricular activities you did as an undergraduate. While in the abstract, it may seem simple enough to put this all into your calendar and stay organized, you will find quickly enough that the one hour you scheduled for a task might take two or three hours, putting you behind on everything else for the rest of the day or forcing you to cut other planned events. Be prepared for schedules to go awry, and be willing to sacrifice certain activities. For some, this might be sleep; for others, it might be an extracurricular activity or a few seminars they were hoping to attend. In short, don't panic when things don't go according to plan; anticipate possible delays and be ready to adapt.

8. Expect to learn research skills on the fly – or take advantage of the training your department or career center offers.

This may be the first time you will have to write fellowship or grant proposals, write scientific papers, attend conferences, present your research to others, or even peer-review scientific manuscripts. From my experience, very few college students or even PhD students receive formal training on how to perform any of these tasks. Usually people follow by example. But this is not always easy and can be quite aggravating sometimes. So seek out talks or interactive programs offered by your department or career center. The effort will be well worth it when you realize you've become quite adept at quickly and clearly explaining your research to others and at outlining scientific papers and grant proposals. Alternatively, ask a more experienced graduate student or your advisor for advice on these topics. In addition, be prepared for a learning curve when learning all the procedures and processes of the group you end up working in. There may be many new protocols to master, whether they involve synthesizing chemicals, growing bacterial cells, or aligning mirrors on an optical table. In addition, the group may use programming languages or data analysis software you are unfamiliar with. Don't get discouraged but plan to spend extra effort getting used to these procedures and systems. After working with them regularly, they will soon become second nature. When I first started my job at Johns Hopkins, I felt overwhelmed by all the intricacies of the experiment and definitely made a few mistakes, including breaking a number of optical elements. But by the end of my year there, I had written an updated protocol manual for the modifications I had made to the experimental procedures and was the "master" passing on my knowledge to the next person taking the job.

9. There are no real breaks.

In a stereotypical "9-to-5" job, when the workday is over or the weekend arrives, you can generally forget about your work. And a vacation provides an even longer respite. But in a PhD program, your schedule becomes "whenever you find time to get your work done." You might be in the lab during regular work hours or you might be working until 10 p.m. or later to finish an experiment. And the only time you might have available to analyze data might be at 1 a.m. Expect to work during part of the weekend, too. Graduate students do go on vacations but might still have to do some data analysis or a literature search while away.

As a PhD student, it might be hard to stop thinking about the next step in an experiment or that data sitting on your computer or that paper you were meaning to start. While I imagine some students can bifurcate their mind between graduate school life and everything else, that's quite hard for many of us to do. No matter what, my research lies somewhere in the back of my head. In short, your schedule is much more flexible as a PhD student, but as a result, you never truly take a break from your work.

While this may seem like a downer, remember that you should have passion for the research you work on (most of the time), so you should be excited to think up new experiments or different ways to consider that data you have collected. Even when I'm lying in bed about to fall asleep, I am sometimes ruminating about aspects of my experiment I could modify or what information I could do a literature search on to gain new insights. A PhD program is quite the commitment and rarely lives up to expectations – but it is well worth the time and effort you will spend for something that truly excites you.

Contributor

Andy greenspon.

How to Get Multiple PhDs

How to Get a Second Bachelor's Degree

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is a professional academic degree. In America, it is recognized as the highest degree one can earn in a field of study. Earning just one PhD can take 10 years of college and field work. Earning more than one PhD will take even longer. However, it is not impossible to attain multiple PhDs. If this is something that interests you, consider your options and be prepared for several years of hard work.

Assess your academic resume. Before you start considering doctorate programs, get an idea of how much education you need to get accepted into a program. Most doctorate programs have entrance requirements you must meet before you are accepted into the program. At the very minimum, you need an undergraduate degree -- sometimes even a Master's Degree.

Contact the schools you are interested in attending. Ask to speak with someone from the admissions office. Inquire about the prerequisites for application, such as work experience, education experience, writing samples and test scores. Be sure to tell the admissions office about your goal to earn to multiple PhDs. Some PhD programs have different acceptance requirements. Know the prerequisites for both programs.

Contact an academic advisor at the schools you are interested in attending. Speak to an advisor from each of the departments you are interested in studying. Unless PhDs are offered from the same program, you will likely have to speak to more than just one advisor. When speaking to the academic advisor, get some in-depth information about the PhD program, such as concentrations of study, length of the program, class enrollment size, opportunities for field work and internships, retention rates and distance education opportunities.

Decide which PhD you want to earn first. Most accredited colleges will not allow you to enroll in two programs at the same time. Consider which program is best suited for your immediate needs and schedule. Apply for the PhD program you want to enroll in first.

Make a checklist of the required classes you must take to earn you degree. Plan a schedule for when you will take each class. Pay attention to classes only offered in the spring or fall semester. Also, ask your advisor about grade point average requirements. Some PhD programs require that you earn at least a B in your core curriculum classes and maintain a cumulative grade point average higher than a 3.0.

Complete the graduation requirements for your first PhD program. This usually includes completing your core curriculum and elective classes, performing a certain number of research hours and writing a final dissertation. You may have to publish your dissertation or present it to a doctorate committee.

Begin the application process for your second PhD program. Several years may have passed since you researched the admission requirements, so make sure you still meet the qualifications. Take any necessary standardized test and submit your admission application.

Complete the graduation requirements for your second PhD program. Again, this usually includes completing the degree coursework classes and performing research hours. You may also need to publish a second dissertation related to your new PhD.

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• The Princeton Review: Choosing a Grad School
• The Princeton Review: Master's vs. PhD Programs
• Tufts University Faculty; How to Get Admitted to a PhD Program; Norman Ramsey
• Perdue University Faculty: Notes on the PhD Degree
• Stanford University: Doctor of Philosophy

Baptist Johnson was first published in 2000 when a poem he wrote won first prize in a local writing contest. He also writes and edits for Etched Press Society, a micro-publishing company based in Wilmington, N.C. Johnson has a Bachelor of Science in business administration from East Carolina University.

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Will Having Multiple PhDs Make You Successful?

When I was younger, I sometimes thought whether you can you get multiple PhDs. For example, can a rocket scientist have a PhD in Chemistry and Math. Now, after being a Professor for a while, I do know it is possible.

Absolutely, people get multiple PhDs. Having multiple PhDs is uncommon, but people do to get multiple doctorates. I have run across people who have done it on occasion.

Please watch this video if you want to see me in person talk about people getting multiple PhDs. I provide a lot more background and personal notes than in this blog post. Can you get a PhD in your 30s? Read this post to learn more. Read this post if you want to learn about the day and the life of a PhD student (You will enjoy it).

https://youtu.be/YkRqUw15BHg Video can’t be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: Is It Possible To Get Multiple PhDs? (Two PhDs At The Same Time Or In The Same Field) (https://youtu.be/YkRqUw15BHg)

Why Do People Get Multiple PhDs?

Generally, there are three reasons for the multiple PhDs:

• Upgrading a research skill-set is also common if someone is interested in a particular topic and they want to dig deeper into that topic. For example, let’s say that you are studying human behavior, but you realize that you need to understand set theory to better explain the human behavior in a more elegant fashion. Getting another PhD might be an excellent way to expedite your development of a research program in that area that combines set theory and human behavior.
• What is the average cost of a PhD program? You need to read this post to find out!
• People get an PhD if they are transferring to a new area of research. When they transfer to a new area of research, they need to get extra skills in the new area. For example, say a person has a PhD in the Humanities, but they slowly realized that their research interests lie Mathematics. They will pursue the Mathematics PhD to get a better understanding of Mathematics, and so they can read and publish within Mathematics journals. In Business Administration, Law, Medicine, and another other professional program, many people transfer to these new areas from other tangential areas. For example, engineers or scientists sometimes move into business, and become Business School professors by getting a PhD in Business Administration or a similar degree (i.e., a PhD in Industrial Organization in Economics). 
• How are PhD students evaluated? Check out this blog post to find out!

Why Don’t More People Get Multiple PhDs?

Brutal honesty? Getting a PhD is generally a tough process. Sure, I have heard some people say that they had a lot of fun during a PhD, but I am going to call them out on that. If the PhD was easy, then more people would want to do one over again a second and third time. It is just extremely uncommon for find people with multiple PhDs because there are significant costs (both in time and finances) associated with pursuing the degree.

Should you get another PhD or get a job? Take this PhD or job quiz to see if you think you should!

The closest thing where people may repeat a PhD, and it is somewhat common, is a Post-Doctorate. A post-doctorate is a paid (or non-paid) position where you extend your research program. You might work on additional papers, or continue to make your current research better. Basically, you are just extending the time you have before you get a tenure-track university position.

Need help to become a better writer? Check out this post!

Does The First PhD Improve Your Chances Of Getting Into The Second PhD Program?

Personally, I think that getting into the second PhD program is a matter of framing your first PhD.  People read a lot into what you did or did not say. Anything that is unusual gets more scrutiny than the usual.

If you frame the first PhD as a loss, or as a complete waste of time, then I really don’t think you will have good chances of getting into the second PhD program. People are going to believe that you will be not satisfied with the second PhD either. You would be surprised, but some people (not many) do just collect degrees for the sake of collecting degrees. This happens a bit more with Masters degrees, though.

Do you need tips to apply to PhD Programs? You need to read this helpful post!

If you frame the first PhD as a matter of discovery, and that you found your passion in the topics covered in the 2nd PhD, you will have a considerable easier time convincing people about why you are going for another. Really, this is what your 2nd PhD should be in the first place. It should be about discovery and your passion for the new research area, and the 2nd PhD just accelerates this discovery process.

Do you want to learn the best software to get for PhDs and researchers? This is a crazy post with a lot of data on the best software that you should get, crowdsourced from 100s of PhDs.

If you are interested in doing a PhD in Business, you have to read the following resources that I created for you.

• This blog post is an i n-depth look into doing the GRE or the GMAT , and which one you should choose to do.
• This blog post is about tips for writing your statement of purpose . I really do think these tips work, and they are not what you see elsewhere.
• This blog post is about the advantages and disadvantages of getting a PhD (in Business, of course). You should read this post if you are on the fence about doing a PhD and need additional information.

Do You Need The Multiple Doctorate Degrees?

Before you pursue another doctorate, you should really think about whether you need the other doctorate. Some people just start doing research in the new area, and slowly gravitate to that new area. You would be surprised how much you can learn on your own. Melissa Schilling , for example, has done research in both the study of strategy and Alzheimer’s. You might save yourself a lot of hassle, just by picking up some journal articles and learning about the new area.

Are Multiple PhDs Recommended?

Doing multiple PhDs is really just a personal choice. You already know that the first PhD was rather challenging, so doing a second one might go quicker given that you have this information. Most often, I believe that people that stay within similar domains appear to do their 2nd PhD quicker than those that go to another domain. Of course, this is just a qualitative gut-feeling, but I suspect this is true. Eggers and Song’s paper  shows that this may be the case for entrepreneurs, so I suspect it is also true for 2nd time around PhD students.

However, in the end, all of these really just depends on your abilities to get the second PhD done. What predicts PhD success? I really, really think it has little to do with intelligence, privilege, or natural endowments.  Rather, it is all about your passion to get it done, and your passion to do work. If you love work, than the 2nd PhD makes sense. Some people just have grit to do the PhD, and those that want to do a doctorate for a 2nd time are just curious, and they see the value in education.

Want to know how to get a PhD in Strategy and Innovation? This post will greatly help you get into top ranked PhD programs.

An Aside About the R3ciprocity.com Project.

Before I go, I wanted to let you know that this is part of my r3ciprocity.com project. There were so many people that helped me out to get my PhD, and to allow me to become a professor, I wanted to create something that I could pay the favor forward. I am building a sharing economy proofreading website so you can get feedback on your work (it’s a work in progress, so please be OK with errors in this blog post. 🙂 ). I have also created a pretty extensive catalog of questions and stories on YouTube. You ought to check it out, so you can find out more about me as a person.

A Couple Of Bonus Videos.

I wanted to leave you with a few more videos that I think are worth watching. One is about whether doing a PhD is worth your time. I personally think it is, but I truly have to wrestle with this question. It was not clear to me, but I was in the ‘trenches’ and did not see the immediate value of my PhD. Now, a few years later, I really see the value in getting a PhD. However, the reason why is not what most people think. Personally, I think it is the knowledge you gain, and the opportunities you see when you have a PhD that is truly something you cannot get without it.

https://youtu.be/Aq2TE4WCWbE Video can’t be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: Is A PhD Useless?: What Are Valuable Skills You Gain During A PhD? (https://youtu.be/Aq2TE4WCWbE)

My last video is about whether getting multiple Master’s Degrees is better than getting a PhD. It turns out that this is a rather common question because many scientists and engineers will get a Master’s Degree in their field and then decide to get either a PhD or an MBA. I kinda did both – I did my PhD in Business Administration. A PhD is a research degree, but I am able to combine my love for research and business. Anyway, you should watch this video if you want to learn about getting a PhD, or getting multiple Masters.

Did you benefit from this post? Do you know of anyone at all that could use feedback on their writing or editing of their documents? I would be so grateful if you read this post on how to get feedback on your writing using R3ciprocity.com or let others know about the R3ciprocity Project. THANK YOU in advance! You are the bees knees.

I also have a blog post that goes much more into detail about multiple Master’s , and I think will be quite helpful for you.

https://youtu.be/Pg7i7dxOgjc Video can’t be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: What's The Fastest Path To Your Dream Job?: Masters Or PhD? (https://youtu.be/Pg7i7dxOgjc)

David Maslach

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• 27 July 2022

Daily briefing: Why get two PhDs

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A CT scan of a tumor in human lungs. Researchers are experimenting with AI algorithms that can spot early signs of the disease. Credit: K. H. Fung/SPL

Reproducibility fears over machine learning

Two researchers have sounded the alarm about the use of machine learning to make predictions on the basis of patterns in data . In some cases, methodological pitfalls could lead to wildly overoptimistic conclusions, they say. A prominent issue is ‘data leakage’, when information from the data set a model learns on includes data that it is later evaluated on. If these are not entirely separate, the model has effectively already seen the answers, and its predictions seem much better than they really are. Machine-learning researchers Sayash Kapoor and Arvind Narayanan have created guidelines for scientists to avoid such pitfalls, including a checklist to submit with each paper.

Nature | 7 min read

Reference: arXiv preprint (not peer reviewed)

How long is COVID infectious?

Evidence is mounting that some people can continue to pass on SARS-CoV-2 for much longer than the few days often suggested by public-health agencies. A series of studies shows that many people with COVID-19 remain infectious well into the second week after they first experience symptoms. “The facts of how long people are infectious for have not really changed,” says infectious-disease specialist Amy Barczak, whose research suggests that one-quarter of people who have caught the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 could still be infectious after eight days. “There is not data to support five days or anything shorter than ten days.”

Nature | 6 min read

Reference: medRxiv preprint 1 & medRxiv preprint 2 (not peer reviewed)

China approves homegrown COVID antiviral

China’s drug regulator granted conditional approval on Monday for an HIV drug to be used to treat COVID-19 . The drug, Azvudine, developed by Chinese drugmaker Genuine Biotech, is the first oral antiviral for the disease made in China. In an announcement, the company said that 40% of people with COVID-19 who were given Azvudine for a week in a phase III clinical trial showed “improved clinical symptoms”, compared with 11% of those given a placebo. Detailed data from the trial, including whether the treatment reduced the risk of hospitalization or death, have not been released. Another Chinese-made oral antiviral, VV116, is in the final stages of development, and another dozen are in various stages of development.

Nature | 4 min read

Features & opinion

‘red flags’ in key alzheimer’s research.

Neuroscientists are reeling from claims that images show signs of having been fabricated in dozens of influential Alzheimer’s research papers . Physician-scientist Matthew Schrag says that there are “red flags” in research led by neuroscientist Sylvain Lesné, which underpins the dominant yet controversial theory that beta-amyloid plaques are a root cause of Alzheimer’s disease. Science reports that Lesné did not respond to requests for comment. “The immediate, obvious damage is wasted NIH funding and wasted thinking in the field because people are using these results as a starting point for their own experiments,” says Nobel-prizewinning Alzheimer’s researcher Thomas Südhof.

Pharmaceutical researcher Derek Lowe, who is sceptical of the amyloid hypothesis, argues that the reality is even worse . “I’ve noticed a lot of takes along the lines of ‘OMG, because of this fraud we’ve been wasting our time on Alzheimer’s research since 2006’,” he writes. “We’ve been actually been wasting our time in Alzheimer’s research for even longer than that.”

Science news story | 20 min read & Science opinion column | 15 min read

Double doctors: why get two PhDs

Earning one PhD is difficult enough — but there are the rare individuals who opt to swim extra laps in the stress pool to secure a second one. Some do it to carve out a distinct research niche for themselves, others to access resources that are unavailable in their home countries. Some might simply enjoy the challenge. Three ‘double doctors’ share what they gained — and whether it was worth it .

Nature | 8 min read

From Togo to Kunming: a PhD abroad

After earning her bachelor’s degree in Togo in West Africa, biomedical researcher Manzama-Esso Abi moved to Kunming, China, to study for a PhD . Her welcome was a warm one: after missing a connecting flight and arriving late, a woman she met on the plane paid for a hotel, breakfast and a ride to her university. Abi has since applied herself to learning Mandarin and improving her English — and plans eventually to return home. “I am eager to share everything I have learnt with the people of my country,” she writes.

Nature | 5 min read

This article is part of a series about the career experiences of African scientists .

Infographic of the week

Physicists have built a molecular-scale motor entirely from DNA strands, and used it to store energy by winding up a DNA ‘spring’. It is not the first DNA nanomotor, but it’s “certainly the first one to actually perform measurable mechanical work”, says biophysicist and co-author Hendrik Dietz. The tiny machine gains energy from Brownian motion — the constant random argy-bargy of molecules in a medium. The machine turns like the ratchet wheel in a clock, winding a string of DNA like a spiral spring. ( Nature | 4 min read) See more: A 3-minute video introduces DNA origami — the art of folding DNA to create tiny nanoscale machines that could work inside the human body. ( Nature, from 2016 )

QUOTE OF THE DAY

“best practices are often not applied in the evaluation of the publishing records of researchers: where are the error bars on a tenure decision, university ranking or grant application”.

Stop misusing data when hiring academics, says Cameron Neylon, a scholarly communication researcher and open-access advocate. ( Nature | 5 min read )

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-02081-4

Today, I’m giggling at the idea of Snapchat-style image filters for the breathtaking images from the James Webb Space Telescope, as imagined by cartoonist Twisteddoodles (also known as microbiologist Maria Boyle).

Thanks for reading,

Flora Graham, senior editor, Nature Briefing

With contributions by Smriti Mallapaty

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For clinical medicine and basic medicine; basic research of emerging inter-disciplines and medical big data.

Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University

Faculty Position in Tissue Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology

Dallas, Texas (US)

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GCAC-307 - Concurrent or Second Doctorates

To define conditions under which individuals may pursue a second doctoral degree.

Academic Goal

To ensure that Penn State meets one of the foundation principles of the Morrill Land Grant Act by making doctoral education available to the largest number of individuals.

All graduate students and applicants to graduate programs.

As the highest academic degree offered by American universities, the Ph.D. is not primarily about specific disciplinary content, but focuses on training in research methodologies, the identification of critical problems, experimental design, data collection, deductive reasoning, and related skills that can be applied to any field.

In addition, as the only land grant university in Pennsylvania, Penn State takes seriously its role to ensure a quality education is available to as many individuals as possible. This goal stems from the very foundation of land grant colleges and universities:

“The land-grant colleges were founded on the idea that a higher and broader education should be placed in every State… where a much larger number of the people need wider educational advantages and impatiently await their possession.”

[from “Address”, by Honorable Justin S Morrill, published in Addresses Delivered at the Massachusetts Agricultural College, June 21st, 1887, on the 25th Anniversary of the Passage of the Morrill Land Grant Act; Massachusetts Agricultural College, J.E. Williams, book and job printer, 1887, P 20 https://www.biodiversitylibrar... (retrieved July 1, 2018)]

Given that Ph.D. enrollment in our graduate programs is limited in large part by the intense faculty effort required to successfully advise and mentor a Ph.D. student, but also in part by the tremendous financial resources needed to support a doctoral student’s stipend, tuition remission and health insurance, given that there are always more qualified applicants than can be admitted, and given that individuals with a Ph.D. already have the research skills that can frequently be applied to other disciplines without the need for a second Ph.D., Graduate Council has decided that Penn State’s limited opportunities to enroll in a PhD program should generally be reserved for those who do not already have a Ph.D.

Given that foundational philosophy, if disciplinary background in the other field of interest is essential, the individual apply for a master’s degree in that field. If the need is for a track record of scholarly work, and if the Ph.D. field is related to the new one requested, a postdoctoral scholar position is typically a viable mechanism.

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• The J. Jeffrey and Ann Marie Fox Graduate School does not admit applicants to concurrent double Ph.D. degree programs or concurrent double professional doctoral degree programs, or to concurrent doctoral degree programs in any combination.
• However, if an applicant who holds a doctorate requests admission to a second doctoral degree program (for either a research or a professional doctorate), the applicant is asked to give the Fox Graduate School a reason why the second doctorate is necessary (as opposed to taking course work or obtaining a master's degree in the second field or working in a postdoctoral appointment in the second field). The Fox Graduate School may also solicit responses concerning the necessity of the second doctorate from representatives of the field at Penn State or elsewhere. This information is then given to the Dean of the Graduate School for the final decision.
• If approved, all Fox Graduate School requirements for the second doctorate must be met de novo .

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General Questions

Can i enroll in a part-time degree.

In most cases, no. Students must enroll full time to complete the required course of study. Programs geared toward working professionals, such as the Executive MBA program, may have greater flexibility.

Can I earn a degree online?

No. While MIT does offer some online learning opportunities, such as the MicroMasters credential programs offered by MITx, degree-granting programs must be completed on campus.

Can I visit MIT? Do you offer graduate tours?

MIT Graduate Admissions does not offer a dedicated tour or information sessions. Graduate applicants interested in visiting should contact the department or program of interest directly to see if arrangements can be made for a campus visit.

If you are interested in visiting MIT, the  Institute Events  office has created useful information to help you plan your visit. The MIT Welcome Center also offers campus tours, which you may sign up for online.

Do you offer financial aid, scholarships, or other sources of funding?

Yes. Please visit our Costs & Funding  section for further details.

Do you offer conditional admissions?

No. Only applicants who have met all the necessary requirements are admitted. However, all offers of admissions do come with certain conditions, such as immigration requirements, satisfactory undergraduate degree completion, or the provision of official documents, such as transcripts, for verification.

Can I apply to more than one department?

Yes. Applicants may apply to more than one department as long as they meet all of the application requirements, pay the required application fees, and submit separate applications by the required deadlines for each program.

Can I apply if I am an undocumented student?

Yes. Applicants to MIT graduate programs who have undocumented status are eligible to apply as international students, based on the same policy explained under the Undocumented Student section of the main Admissions Office website.

Can I transfer to an MIT graduate program?

No. Applicants must apply through the regular admissions process.

If I have a PhD from another institution, can I apply for a second PhD at MIT?

In most cases, no. Instead, applicants are encouraged to seek other postdoctoral opportunities.

Can applicants apply with three-year bachelor degrees received from India, Australia, or other countries?

In most cases, yes. Departments may have additional requirements beyond a bachelor degree, however.

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More information on the process of applying may be found at the Applications section of this website. Please keep in mind that each graduate program has its own unique set of requirements and deadlines; applicants can find more details on the application process for each program at the Degree Programs directory.

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The standard application fee is $90 per program. The MIT Sloan School of Management may have fees that range between $95 and $250 per program.

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Deposit guidelines differ by program. The MIT Sloan School of Management charges a deposit to secure your spot, but the amount may vary. Most other departments do not charge a deposit.

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Applicants should log into their online application to view the most up to date information available. Some programs may provide status update via email during the review process. Applicants should not email to request an application status update.

When will I receive my admissions decision?

Admissions timelines differ across departments.  Many programs notify applicants between January and March, though notification timeframes from the MIT Sloan School of Management may vary.

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The online application systems used by the majority of graduate programs, Slate or GradApply, do not support direct integration with Interfolio; please follow the instructions provided within the application to request letters of recommendation from your recommenders.  

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Applicants utilizing the Slate application portal will only need to provide the name and email address of your recommender(s); Slate will automatically request a letter of recommendation on your behalf. You should check in with your recommenders to make sure they have received the Slate request.  

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Does MIT accept the Duolingo English Test?

MIT Graduate Admissions does not accept Duolingo English Test scores to meet the language proficiency requirement. Applicants must submit official scores from the IELTS Academic exam, TOEFL iBT exam, or the C1 Advanced or C2 Proficiency exams from Cambridge English. (Please note that the Cambridge English Qualification exams are only accepted by select departments, not all.)

Is there a preference for IELTS or TOEFL scores?

Most departments prefer IELTS exam scores. Please contact the program to which you wish to apply to confirm their requirements for English language proficiency exams.

Is there a deadline for me to submit official test scores?

It varies. Some departments may begin the review process using unofficial self-reported scores, while other departments may wait until all materials have been received. Please contact the program to which you wish to apply to confirm their application requirements.

Is the GRE required? Can I receive a waiver for the GRE?

Some departments no longer require official GRE scores for admission. However, if the GRE is required by the department, applicants cannot receive a waiver. Please confirm the GRE policy with the department or program that interests you.

Can I receive a waiver for the English language proficiency exam requirement?

It varies. Some departments may offer a language proficiency waiver if you meet certain requirements. Please visit the  Degree Programs page for further details on standardized test policies for each of our graduate programs.

If I apply to multiple programs, do I need to submit standardized test scores to each department separately?

No. Test scores are matched to your application electronically based on your name; department codes do not impact this matching process.

If you submit multiple applications, each program to which you applied will have access to your official test scores, with the exception of applications to the MIT Sloan School of Management. Test scores must be submitted to MIT Sloan separately.

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Can i apply for research internships.

No; research invitations are reserved for visiting students only. Please visit our section on Visiting Students to learn about potential opportunities.

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In response to the challenges of teaching, learning, and assessing academic performance during the global Covid-19 pandemic, MIT has adopted the following principle:

MIT's admissions committees and offices for graduate and professional schools will take the significant disruptions of the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020 into account when reviewing students' transcripts and other admissions materials as part of their regular practice of performing individualized, holistic reviews of each applicant. In particular, as we review applications now and in the future, we will respect decisions regarding the adoption of Pass/No Record (or Credit/No Credit or Pass/Fail) and other grading options during the period of Covid-19 disruptions, whether those decisions were made by institutions or by individual students. We also expect that the individual experiences of applicants will richly inform applications and, as such, they will be considered with the entirety of a student's record.

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Second PhD?

Just a pondering from a guy who is a bit tired of the treadmill of research, have any of you considered pursuing (or pursued) a second PhD on another area of passion?

I feel like I could be a star PhD student (with all the writing, research, time management, etc.). And with what I know now, I'd choose the right school, supervisor, etc. It could theoretically done on top of my current (tenured) position, albeit at the cost of research and service. Coursework could be completed during sabbatical.

EDIT: I'm a fairly successful mid-career full prof who had a great PhD experience (best years of my life, albeit age had something to do with that). I could retire from my current field and feel proud of my accomplishments. My PhD was WAY less work/stress than now. And this is not just selective memory.

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Can You Get a PhD without a Masters?

• Applying to a PhD

Yes, it’s possible to get a PhD without first having a Masters degree .

The conventional route for someone who earns a PhD is to pursue a Bachelor’s degree, followed by a Masters degree and then a PhD. However, several students opt to bypass a Master’s degree by enrolling onto a doctoral programme as soon as they complete their undergraduate degree.

Before we discuss how this can be done, it is worth mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of this route.

Advantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

The motivations for undertaking a PhD immediately after an undergraduate course are largely in saving money and time. This is because you will essentially eliminate a year of study. Another advantage of immediately enrolling onto a doctorate degree is project availability. If you find a project that you’re really interested in, it’s unlikely that it will still be available in a years’ time. Therefore, bypassing a Masters and enrolling directly into a PhD will increase your chances of securing the research project before it becomes unavailable.

Disadvantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

Although a Masters degree will add a year onto your academic journey, it can be incredibility helpful for your development and can help prepare you for a doctoral degree.

Not having a Master’s degree may prove to be a hindrance during your application process. This is because many other students will also apply to the same research projects, and it’s likely that the majority will hold a Masters. This will put you at a disadvantage to them.

Besides this, the dissertation project you’ll be required to undertake on a Master’s programme will provide you with a taste of what it is like to work on a research-based project. In addition to this, it’s likely that you’ll be able to select your own dissertation topic. As such, you can explore a specific field you’re interested in in further detail. This is a great way to confirm that both research-based work and the specific field you’re interested in are right for you before committing the next few years to it via a PhD.

Another advantage to the dissertation project associated with a Masters degree is the opportunity it provides you with to work closely with a project supervisor. This will help you understand the PhD student-supervisor relationship and communication frequency that works best for you. You can then use this knowledge to find supervisors who would compliment you when it comes time to find a PhD project to apply to. For tips on how to find a great PhD supervisor, check out our supervisor guide .

PhD without a Masters – How Does It Work?

To be considered for a PhD without a Master’s, at a minimum you will be expected to have a Bachelors degree. For students looking to enrol onto a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) PhD, a relevant Bachelors in a 3-year undergraduate course is usually expected. However, this is not the case for students looking to apply to non-STEM PhDs. Rather, students looking to apply to doctorates in subjects such as those surrounding Arts and Humanities are usually expected to have a relevant Bachelors from a 4-year course.

In addition to this, you will need to have demonstrated strong academic performance during your undergraduate course. This means that your Bachelors will need to be at least a UK Upper Second-Class Honours (2.1) for nearly all institutions to consider you.

Should you be accepted into a PhD programme without a Masters, the usual process will be to first register you as an MPhil student. You will then have a year to prepare and submit a thesis. Your thesis will need to detail the research you have carried out within that year and outline how you intend to continue it into a full PhD study. There are three outcomes of this MPhil thesis review:

• Failure and you’re not awarded anything.
• You pass, however, the supervisor doesn’t believe you’ve demonstrated strong research skills. You’re awarded an MPhil but they do not upgrade your course to a PhD programme.
• You pass and the supervisor believes you have proven yourself as a capable researcher. Your course is upgraded to a PhD as opposed to you being awarding an MPhil.

For more information on these outcomes, read the outcomes section of our PhD Viva guide .

Integrated PhD

Some universities offer Integrated PhD degree programmes (also known as an Integrated Masters degree). These are four-year programmes comprising of a one-year Masters degree immediately followed by a three-year PhD degree. These can prove a great option for graduate students who are looking to undertake a PhD without a Masters but are struggling to meet the eligibility requirements. You can read about the many benefits of  integrated degrees here .

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

PhD without a Bachelors – Is It Possible?

Yes, it is possible to get a PhD without a Bachelor’s, however, this is extremely uncommon.

When this occurs, it is almost always reserved for very mature individuals. For example, an individual may not be in active academia but still may have significantly contributed to their field. This contribution could be through the work they have undertaken as part of their career, or as part of a long-term study project, they have undertaken out of self-interest.

In either case, the individual would need to prove that they have extensive experience in their field and have directly contributed to new knowledge within it. The key factor here is that their work has pushed the boundaries of existing knowledge. It is not enough for an individual to be regarded as an expert in their field – they must have contributed something new and meaningful. It’s common for individuals awarded a PhD through this means to have produced several publications within their lifetime. It’s also common for the individual to have gained several professional accreditations within their field before even being considered suitable for a PhD research degree.

Universities Offering PhD without a Masters

Unfortunately, there is not a centralised list of universities which offer PhDs without a Master’s degree. The reason for this is that the edibility requirements differ from PhD to PhD and from department to department.

Therefore, you will need to check the guidelines for each individual university and the requirements for each specific PhD you’re interested in.

Should you find a PhD programme you can apply to with a Bachelors, make every effort to make your application as strong as possible. This is because you will be competing against other candidates, most of who will have a Master’s degree.

Not only can you strengthen your application by having a Bachelors with a First-Class Honours (1st), but you can also do so by showing the traits of a successful researcher. This includes showing a genuine interest in the project, a high work ethic, and exceptional communication skills.

Additionally, a strong letter of recommendation from a respected university lecturer will prove very beneficial. This is especially true if the lecturer supervisors his or her own PhD students. This is because the lecturer will understand the skills required for an adept research student.

For more advice on how to apply to a PhD degree, check out our Application Process Guide.

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5 routes to getting a Doctorate

While most of those studying for a PhD take the PhD by thesis pathway, there are five viable routes to achieving a Doctorate, with both full-time and part-time options available

PhD by thesis

This is the most common means of getting a Doctorate. Over the three or four years of research at university, your PhD supervisor will support you as you aim to produce a thesis based on your research proposal .

A thesis is typically 60,000-90,000 words in length - although this can vary between institutions. For instance, the University of Glasgow's College of Social Sciences expects a thesis to be 70,000 to 100,000 words including references, bibliography and appendices, while the University of Cambridge has set an upper limit of 80,000 words.

Once completed, you'll need to defend your PhD thesis in front of a panel of examiners during your viva voce .

Doctorate by publication

This route involves submitting previously published work - such as books, book chapters and journal articles, which together form a coherent body of work and show evidence of an original contribution to a particular field of study.

The PhD by publication route is often taken by mid-career academics that haven't had the opportunity to undertake a standard Doctorate degree.

Generally, a minimum of five to eight published pieces are required, but this varies between institutions and depends on their length. The published work will be assessed to the same rigorous standards as a traditional PhD by thesis.

You must also provide a written supporting statement, which typically ranges from 5,000 to 15,000 words.

For instance, the University of Westminster asks for a commentary of 5,000 words (science and technology subjects) or 10,000 words (arts, social sciences and humanities). On the other hand, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh requires 12,000 to 15,000 words on the rationale and theoretical context for the portfolio of published work.

The work will then be presented to an academic committee. A supervisor will assist you with selecting which publications to submit, as well as guidance on the supporting statement.

Some universities accept only their own graduates for a PhD by publication, while others restrict this route to their academic staff. In general, you should have graduated from your first degree at least seven years ago to be eligible.

For example, The University of Manchester has published its own Guidance for the PhD By Published Work , with eligibility only extending to current members of staff.

Professional Doctorate

This type of Doctorate includes a significant taught component and a smaller research project, and is geared primarily towards current professionals in vocational sectors such as:

• engineering and manufacturing
• teaching and education .

Professional Doctorates are often taken on a part-time basis and can last between two and eight years. Like their standard PhD counterparts, they usually begin in October or January.

While you won't typically be looking to get an academic job , your research is expected to contribute to theory as well as professional practice. Projects often revolve around a real-life issue that affects your employer.

Several professional Doctorates, such as the Doctorate in Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy), are accredited by a professional body - for instance, the Health & Care Professions Council (HCPC) and The British Psychological Society (BPS) - and may also lead to a professional qualification .

Common titles for graduates of professional Doctorate degrees include:

• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Education (EdD)
• Doctor of Engineering (EngD)
• Doctor of Medicine (MD).

Unlike many professional Doctorates, the EngD is typically offered as a full-time course and is aimed at young engineering graduates with little or no professional experience.

Integrated PhD

This four-year qualification, also known as the New Route PhD, involves studying a one-year research Masters degree (MRes) before progressing onto a three-year PhD.

Offered by a select number of universities across the UK, integrated PhDs are supported by the government and the British Council through UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) .

Visit Research Council funding for further information on research and funding for different types of PhD.

The integrated PhD involves a combination of taught materials, practical experience and advanced research. This allows you to learn subject-specific methodologies, while building the transferable skills that will enable you to become a leader in your chosen profession.

Institutions can also develop personalised integrated PhD programmes to meet each student's needs. For example, universities may offer you the opportunity to gain a postgraduate certificate (PGCert) in Learning and Teaching in Higher Education - perfect if you're considering a career as a higher education lecturer .

Online/distance learning PhD

As PhDs are based primarily on independent research rather than time spent in lectures and seminars, distance learning has always been a viable route for many Doctoral students.

PhDs by distance learning offered by course providers such as The Open University are therefore a good option to consider if you've got family or work commitments or are an international student - as this gives you the chance to undertake Doctoral research without having to live close to your chosen institution. It's also a suitable mode of study if your subject requires you to be based in a specific location away from the university.

For the most part, you'll be in touch with your supervisor by phone, email or Skype/Zoom. You'll need to bear in mind that even if you opt for this form of research, you'll generally still need to attend university for one or two weeks of each academic year for meetings and to receive research skills training. Your final exam may be undertaken either face-to-face or virtually.

With online PhDs, you can usually register as a full or part-time student. The level of fees you pay varies between institutions - some charge the same as for a standard PhD while others offer a reduced rate.

Check that any funding you plan to apply for is available to distance learning students, as this isn't always the case.

Search for online/distance learning PhDs .

Find out more

• Discover what is a PhD?
• Sort out funding for postgraduate study .
• Consider what to do after completing your PhD .

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Your roadmap to PhD success: freshman year advice for aspiring researchers

By JOHN CINTRON | August 19, 2024

COURTESY OF JOHN CINTRON

Cintron sitting at his workspace on the 9th floor lab, part of the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at the Broad Institute.

First off, welcome to the Nest! As a freshman, you’re probably not even sure what you want to pursue yet or you might simply be feeling overwhelmed by all the possibilities you can take with your life and career path. As someone who’s tried it all — Pre-Med, Economics, Consulting, Marketing, Filmmaking, Engineering and much more — I can safely say that acquiring a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is the end goal that I intend to achieve.

To apply for a doctorate program, you need to maintain excellent grades and demonstrate your ability to manage a rigorous course load with other extracurricular and leadership activities. However, joining a lab (wet: manipulating liquids, biological matter and chemicals or dry: computational, physics and engineering) and beginning to work on actual research at university is arguably the most important thing you can do as a pre-PhD, pre-MD-PhD or even pre-med freshman. This will not be your average Chemistry lab experience as it will allow you opportunities to partake in independent research.

Independent research has been my greatest academic passion for as long as I can remember, from winning high school science fairs to participating in various forms of undergraduate research. As an undergraduate, I am motivated to pursue independent research in order to gain as much exposure and training as possible before beginning a Ph.D. program. I am interested in working in a research lab at Hopkins, not only because of how renowned the institution is for research, but also to make the most of my college education. 

Here’s what you need to do to get into a research lab as a freshman. Be ready to scour the internet; look around at all of the research labs Hopkins offers. Find what you think suits your current interests. Look into ForagerOne , an online platform designed specifically to connect undergraduate students with Faculty conducting research. You can look into department websites as well for faculty research profiles.You already made it here, which was the hardest part! Hopkins, being the nation’s oldest and best-funded research university, allows you access to labs that conduct cutting-edge research in their respective fields, so there is no shortage of opportunities.

​​Once you find a lab that resonates with you, reach out to the principal investigator (PI) of that lab by using your Hopkins email. Cold emails truly work best, as long as you keep it concise and make it known that you’re willing to commit to the research. You’ll end up meeting the PI or a post-doctoral researcher in the lab, which is where you can each lay out your expectations to one another (in terms of research, time commitment, recommendations, etc.) and see if the lab is a good fit for you. You’re going to want to start this process sooner rather than later!

Even if you end up realizing you don’t have a passion for or enjoy the lab you’re in as a freshman, that’s perfectly normal; you simply need experience. Many students switch labs for sophomore year and beyond!

Additionally, a research experience at Hopkins can be helpful to secure your dream summer research experience. My research experiences at Hopkins allowed me to realize my passion for working in the lab, even in the midst of my busy class schedule. I realized being a part of a summer research experience would allow me to put a 100% focus on my research and cultivate my interests further. 

You will not only be able to gain practical skills from your lab, but you can also ask for a letter of recommendation from your supervisor. Most REU programs value your letter of recommendation the most, so you need to make good impressions as a student researcher in your lab as early as possible, since applications have due dates around January/February.

This past summer, I was given the amazing opportunity to conduct research in the field of Neuroimmunology at the Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard as a participant in the Broad Summer Research Program. I gained so many useful skills from this REU, including improving my scientific writing, quickly learning extensive information about my specific field of research, creating an engaging research poster and delivering effective scientific presentations. 

REUs allow you to use your summer to conduct meaningful research and expand your network. The wide array of skills I gained from participating in an REU will allow me to more thoroughly engage and contribute ideas in my research lab back at Hopkins!

Again, good luck as you begin your academic journey, and welcome to the Nest!

John Cintron is a sophomore from Fort Myers, Fla. majoring in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. He is a News Writer for The News-Letter.

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Choosing the Right Path in Advanced Healthcare Education: Master’s or Doctorate?

If you already have a master’s degree in your healthcare profession, should you continue on for a terminal degree? Understanding the distinctions between a Doctor of Health Science (DHSc) degree, a Master's degree, and a PhD is crucial for making an informed decision. As a graduate school focused exclusively in the health professions, we have the expertise to help you decide what degree might be best for your career and life goals.

Understanding the DHSc Degree

A Doctor of Health Science (DHSc) degree is designed for healthcare practitioners and leaders who aim to enhance their knowledge, assume leadership roles, and drive innovation in the healthcare industry. You also may want to obtain a doctoral degree before your professional organization (e.g., PA) mandates an entry-level doctorate, to compete with peers or peer professions in similar roles, or to prepare for entry into academia. The DHSc degree focuses on the practical application of theoretical knowledge, preparing graduates to address real-world challenges in healthcare settings.

Masters or Doctorate: Key Differences

Master's Degree in Healthcare

A Master's degree in healthcare, such as a Master of Public Health (MPH) or a Master of Health Administration (MHA), is typically pursued by those looking to gain specialized knowledge and skills in specific areas of healthcare. These programs usually take two years to complete and are designed to provide a deep dive into particular fields.

• Shorter Duration : Typically completed in 1-2 years.
• Specialized Knowledge: Focuses on specific areas like public health, administration, or clinical practice.
• Immediate Applicability : Often provides skills that can be directly applied to current job roles.
• Limited Scope : May not cover the broad range of topics necessary for high-level leadership roles.
• Career Advancement : While valuable, may not open as many doors for advancement as a doctorate.
• Professional Requirements : Your professional healthcare organization may require a doctoral level degree to practice in your field.

Doctorate in Health Science (DHSc)

A DHSc degree, on the other hand, is designed to prepare healthcare professionals for advanced leadership roles, research, and teaching positions. This program is ideal for those who wish to combine clinical expertise with leadership and research capabilities. The program is not a research doctorate program and does not involve a dissertation.  

• Comprehensive Curriculum : Covers a wide range of topics, including leadership, research, and clinical practice.
• Career Advancement : Opens up higher-level positions in clinical practice, administration, academia, and research.
• Leadership Focus : Emphasizes skills necessary for managing healthcare organizations and leading multidisciplinary teams.
• Higher Cost: More expensive than a master's degree.

DHSc Degree or PhD: Which is Right for You?

PhD in Health Sciences

A PhD in Health Sciences is a research-intensive degree aimed at those who wish to pursue a career in academia or advanced research. This degree focuses on creating new knowledge and contributing to the academic field through original research.

• Research Focus : Ideal for those interested in conducting original research and contributing to academic knowledge.
• Academic Careers: Prepares graduates for tenure-track positions and advanced research roles.
• Funding Opportunities : Often includes opportunities for research grants and fellowships.
• Lengthy Commitment : Typically takes 4-7 years to complete and often require in-person training or time away from one’s professional career to complete
• Narrow Focus : May not provide the practical skills needed for leadership roles in clinical or administrative settings.
• Limited Immediate Applicability : The research focus might not translate directly to practical applications in the healthcare industry.

DHSc Degree

In contrast, the DHSc degree is tailored for healthcare professionals who wish to integrate clinical practice with leadership and research. It balances theoretical knowledge with practical application, making it a versatile choice for those looking to advance their careers in various healthcare settings.

• Balanced Curriculum : Combines leadership, clinical practice, and research.
• Practical Application : Designed to address real-world healthcare challenges.
• Versatility : Prepares graduates for roles in advanced clinical practice, administration, clinical leadership, and education.
• Less Research-Intensive: While it includes research and quality improvement components, it is not as focused on original research as a PhD.

Deciding between a Master's, a DHSc degree, and a PhD in healthcare depends on your career goals, interests, and the type of impact you wish to make. The DHSc degree stands out for its balanced approach, combining leadership, clinical practice, and research, making it a versatile and practical choice for advancing your career.

The question of "masters vs. doctorate" and "is a PhD/doctorate worth it" ultimately comes down to your professional aspirations. If you are looking to enhance your clinical expertise while gaining leadership and research skills, the DHSc degree offers unique advantages. And with MGH Institute of Health Professions offering a top-tier DHSc program , you can be assured of receiving a high-quality education  founded on principles of interprofessional collaboration and practice in the delivery of healthcare and health professions education.

Take the next step

• Clinical Affiliations

• School of Nursing >
• Admissions >
• Graduate Admissions >
• Post-MS PhD

Post-MS Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Nursing Program - Admissions

The University at Buffalo's Post-Master's Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Nursing program is designed to prepare experienced nurses for leadership roles in nursing science and academia. This program equips nurse scholars to advance knowledge development, theory generation, and hypothesis testing to improve nursing practice and health care outcomes. All PhD program tracks are offered online, providing the flexibility needed for working professionals.

Jump to section

About our admissions process.

• The School of Nursing reserves the right to change admission and program criteria to meet prevailing accreditation and registration requirements.
• Students who have been dismissed from other nursing programs are not eligible for admission. 
• An interview is required for all graduate programs as part of the review process. Qualified applicants will be notified of interview via email.

Admissions Information

Admissions requirements.

• Equivalent of a Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSN) and Master of Science in nursing (MSN) degree.
• Active U.S. RN license or foreign nursing license.
• Overall MSN GPA of 3.25.

Application Materials

• Online application.
• Application fee: $75
• Official transcripts from all colleges attended.
• Resume/curriculum vitae.
• Personal statement .
• Two scholarly writing samples.
• Three references.

Transcript Information

All application materials are submitted online through the application portal, except for official transcripts. Please do not upload any screenshots of transcripts.

Select the correct institution

Ensure that your transcripts are sent to SUNY University at Buffalo,  not  to SUNY Buffalo State University.

Please have official transcripts mailed to:

UB School of Nursing Beck Hall-Graduate Admissions 3435 Main Street Buffalo, New York 14214

Electronic transcripts can be:

• Emailed to  [email protected].
• Uploaded via Parchment using the "University at Buffalo" option. 
• Uploaded via National Student Clearinghouse using code: 002837. 

International Applicants

Additional requirements for international applicants, all graduate nursing program applicants.

• SPEAK Test , TOEFL or IELTS scores  (minimum scores and more information);  UB TOEFL code: 2925.
• International Credentials/Transcripts/Proof of Degree/Translations. A WES document is strongly preferred. 
• Upon admission to the program, you will be required to submit official transcripts/degrees/translations in a sealed envelope to the International Admission Office.
• Immigration and financial documents.

DNP Program Applicants

• Students applying to the DNP program are not eligible to obtain an F1 student visa.  Visa requirements can be found here . 
• If you do not have a US RN license, you must contact the state board of nursing to apply. 

Application Deadlines

All documents must be received by the deadline.  

Additional Information

Application tips series.

Letters of recommendation are a vital piece of your application. Here are some important tips for identifying recommenders. 

Learn about filling out an application for the UB School of Nursing graduate programs.

Your resume is a vital piece of your application. Here are some important tips to remember when creating your resume.

Learn tips for writing a quality personal statement.

Learn tips for providing clear and high-quality transcripts will set you up for success during the application process. 

Graduate Programs Information Sessions

Tanner Gelatt Assistant Director of Graduate Recruitment 202 Beck Hall 716-829-3765 [email protected] Schedule a meeting with Tanner.

The University at Buffalo is committed to ensuring equal access to its programs and activities. View UB's Notice of Discrimination here.

• The Graduate School >
• Beyond the Classroom >
• Graduate Professional Development >
• Graduate Professional Development for Doctoral Students >

Pathway to the PhD Micro-credential

Early PhDs can uncover the essential knowledge and skills needed to succeed in graduate school and beyond through the Pathway to the PhD—Preparing for Success micro-credential. Utilizing the book  A Field Guide to Grad School Uncovering the Hidden Curriculum  by Jessica McCrory Calarco, this micro-credential will target doctoral students over one semester.

What will you learn?

Uncover the hidden curriculum of graduate school that you are just expected to know or learn on your own. In this micro-credential, you will learn how to:

• Choose an advisor and build your own team. 
• Get funding for your work.
• Stay on track throughout your PhD. 
• Publish and promote your work. 
• Navigate the job market.
• Participate in and attend conferences.

Upon completion of the micro-credential, you will gain the knowledge and skills that are essential for navigating every step of your PhD journey.

Who is eligible to participate?

This micro-credential is currently offered to University at Buffalo Presidential, Schomburg and Graduate School Fellows. 

Requirements

Upon registering for the micro-credential, participants will gain access to the micro-credential within the Brightspace learning management system. There are a total of eleven modules, which should be completed in sequential order.

Each module includes a video, assessment and an enhance your experience section. The enhance your experience section is optional but is highly recommended for you to get the most out of the micro-credential. Participants must watch the video and complete the corresponding assignment in order to move forward to the next module. To successfully earn the micro-credential, all eleven modules must be completed.

Module 1: Welcome to UB.

Module 2: Understanding Your Department and Jargon at UB.

Module 3:  Building Your Network.

Module 4:  Staying on Track and Tracking Progress.

Module 5:  Understanding and Finding Funding.

Module 6:  Writing at the Graduate Level and Publishing.

Module 7:  Teaching in Graduate School.

Module 8:  Promoting and Talking About Your Research.

Module 9:  Participating in and Attending Conferences.

Module 10:  Navigating the Job Market.

Module 11:  The Balancing Act of Graduate School.

For more information and to register, please email Elizabeth Colucci at [email protected] . 

Visit the Office of Micro-Credentials website to learn more about micro-credentials and digital badges.

Phd-Study-In-Uk

• Applying for a PhD in the UK

Written by Mark Bennett

Planning on applying for a PhD in the UK? This guide covers what’s required to get onto a UK PhD programme and how to submit your application.

UK universities

There are over 150 universities in the UK. The vast majority are public universities , meaning that they receive funding (including budgets for PhD studentships) from the UK Government. All British universities are free to pursue their own research objectives, but the amount of funding each institution receives is partly based on regular assessments of its performance as part of the Research Excellence Framework (REF) .

A small number of private universities also operate in the UK. They tend to specialise in specific subjects, such as Business or Law.

UK countries

The four parts of the UK each have slightly different higher education systems:

• England is home to the majority of the UK's universities, including the two oldest ( Oxford and Cambridge )
• Scotland is home to 15 of the UK's universities, including four 'ancient universities' ( St Andrews , Glasgow , Aberdeen and Edinburgh ) dating from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
• Wales has eight universities, all of which are public institutions, dating from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
• Northern Ireland has two universities, each of which operates multiple campuses

The governments of each part of the UK have powers to decide on higher education policy, including fees and funding. But, in practice, PhD research works pretty similarly across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The country that's best for you will depend on the research opportunities available at specific universities.

UK university groups

Some UK universities are organised – officially or unofficially – into different groups. Here are some of the more common ones you may come across, together with what they mean:

• The Russell Group is an association of 24 universities across the UK. The group is self-selecting (it decides on its own members) and positions itself as representing the country's leading research universities. In practice this is broadly accurate as the Russell Group includes some of the best ranked British universities and – perhaps more importantly – awards the majority of UK PhDs.
• The ancient universities are a group of seven institutions that date from the sixteenth century or earlier, including Oxford , Cambridge , St Andrews , Glasgow , Aberdeen and Edinburgh as well as Trinity College Dublin (in Ireland ). 'Membership' of this group isn't based on anything other than chronology (unsurprisingly, new universities can't join) and the ancient universities don't collaborate as such, though some are members of the Russell Group. Of more importance is the fact that some ancient universities award their doctorates as a DPhil rather than a PhD. The degree and its recognition are fundamentally the same.
• The red brick universities are another informal grouping based on history rather than collective organisation. They include nine civic universities founded during the nineteenth-century industrial revolution with the aim of providing education and training for their cities. In contrast to the medieval buildings of the ancient universities, their campuses were built largely from red brick – hence the name.
• The term 'post-92' is sometimes used to describe universities that were originally polytechnics (higher education institutions focussing on teaching and training rather than research) before being granted full university status in 1992. Many of these 'ex-poly' universities actually have long and proud histories and are now some of the UK's most innovative research centres.

There are a few other formal and informal groups, including 'plate glass' universities (founded in the 1960s – the UK has a thing for associating universities with building materials) as well as membership organisations for newer universities such as MillionPlus and GuildHE.

You don't generally need to worry about which group your prospective university is or isn't part of. It's true that some groupings confer a degree of prestige, but universities are invited into the Russell Group because of their research performance and reputation, not the other way around. There are also many excellent universities which haven't chosen to join particular associations.

Accreditation and research quality

The UK takes quality assurance for universities very seriously, with several levels of official recognition and accreditation.

The right to use a university title is protected by law in the UK and can be granted by royal charter, Act of Parliament or similarly official means.

The right to award degrees is also protected. A university must either be a 'recognised body', in which case it can award its own degrees. Or it must be a 'listed body' in which case a recognised body must award degrees on its behalf (listed bodies are often newer universities or specialist colleges with qualifications accredited by more established neighbouring universities).

You can use the UK Government website to quickly check if a university is officially recognised .

UK universities' research quality is separately monitored through an exercise known as the Research Excellence Framework (REF) . This examines the research a university is producing as well as its impact on society in general. The environment and support provided for PhD students is also considered as part of this process. The most recent REF results were published in 2021.

UK university cities

There are excellent universities located across the UK, from London and the South of England to the Scottish Highlands and Islands . With that said, here are a few of the UK's most popular student cities:

• Study in London
• Study in Edinburgh
• Study in Manchester
• Study in Cardiff
• Study in Birmingham
• Study in Sheffield

How to apply for a PhD in the UK

You should apply directly to a university for a place on a UK PhD project or programme. There are two ways to do this:

• Some PhD projects are advertised by universities with set aims and objectives. These are most common in STEM subjects and often have funding attached. You can browse UK PhD adverts here on FindAPhD.
• Other PhD projects are designed by students who put forward a research proposal for the work they would like to do. These are more common in Arts, Humanities and some Social Science subjects. You can browse UK PhD programmes to apply within here on FindAPhD.

It's often a good idea to contact a prospective PhD supervisor before applying, but this isn't usually a necessary step. Universities will usually pair students with the most appropriate supervisor for their project.

We’ve written dedicated guides to applying for a PhD in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences , as well as STEM subjects.

Admissions requirements

You will normally need the following to be accepted for a PhD in the UK:

• A suitable undergraduate degree (equivalent to a UK 2.1 or higher). A Masters may also be required in some subject areas.
• Evidence of language proficiency (if English is not your first language).
• Evidence that you possess the necessary materials to gain a UK student visa (for international students).
• Other application materials including a research proposal , personal statement or references .

Actual requirements vary between projects and programmes.

Not all UK PhD applications require a formal interview , but this is more common for funded positions or programmes with limited space.

Interviews can often be conducted online. You may be asked to answer some questions about your application and / or give a short presentation on your intended research.

Inidan qualifications in the UK

In July 2022, the UK and Indian governments signed a memoradum agreeing to automatically recognise undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications in each other's countries. This means that if you studied your Bachelors or Masters in India and are now applying for a UK PhD, your qualifications will recognised as equivalent to British ones.

It also means that it will be easier for you to seek work in India with a PhD from a UK university!

Find a PhD in the UK

Why not get started browsing some UK PhDs ? Alternatively, you can look at our other guides to studying a PhD abroad .

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

You may also like....

The seven UK Research Councils provide government studentships for PhD research in different subject areas. Our simple guide explains how this funding works, what you can get and how to apply successfully.

You may be able to get a PhD loan of up to £27,892 for a UK doctorate. Our guide explains eligibility, applications and repayments.

Our guide explains the best ways to fund international PhD study in the UK, with information on all the main scholarships available to you.

Centres for Doctoral Training (CDTs) or Doctoral Training Centres (DTCs) provide UK Research Council funded PhD studentships to postgraduate students

The Graduate Route allows international students to stay in the UK for at least two years after graduating. This guide covers everything you need to know, including who is eligible and how to apply.

The Turing Scheme recently replaced the Erasmus programme, but is it any different? Let’s examine the Turing Scheme vs Erasmus debate in detail.

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To do another Master's, already holding a PhD

If a STEM PhD holder applies for a Master's in another STEM major, would this be an advantage or disadvantage in the eye of the admission committee?

• application

• 9 Is there a reason you are considering a masters over a postdoc? –  noslenkwah Commented Dec 26, 2018 at 14:48
• 2 Reposting my comment because I didn't realize it had gotten cut off: Can you be more specific? Applying to an MEd or a speech path master's (or other professional degree) might get different answers than applying for a biology master's when you hold a psych PhD. –  Azor Ahai -him- Commented Dec 26, 2018 at 16:19
• A friend recently did this. It's going to make it very easy to get in. –  Marcin Commented Dec 27, 2018 at 16:54
• 1 need more specifics: Which country you are in? What are specifics of PhD and Masters degrees? What is desirable outcome after getting master? AFAIK, masters are mostly paid degrees (you pay), so more available than PhDs –  aaaaa says reinstate Monica Commented Dec 27, 2018 at 22:01
• @ noslenkwah it's another major than my phd, so i'm not eligible for doing a postdoc in a new field –  feynman Commented Dec 30, 2018 at 14:44

7 Answers 7

Surely you're joking Mr. Feynman!

Sorry, but you walked into that joke. Actually, such an application would occur so infrequently that it might result in a few chuckles. But I don't think it would have a lot of effect. But certainly not a big advantage.

In fact, people, including myself, will wonder why a person would bother. After all, the applicant can study and learn effectively and evidenced by the doctorate, so what is the need of a formal program. It might be a disadvantage in some places where the available slots are limited and people would feel they should be given to someone who needs the training more.

On the other hand, if a lab needs particular skills that you have, they might be interested, just for that.

Thus, it is impossible to say in general as local needs/beliefs will dominate such a situation.

• 11 I have seen a number of people with multiple Masters on their CV. - The advantage can be getting additional knowledge in a related subject quickly. A Masters takes 1 (UK) to 2 (rest of Europe) years, while a PhD takes at least 3 (UK, 4 years limit) to potentially 6+ years. - In addition, it can be easier for people to do a part time Masters than a part time PhD to extend their knowledge. It also avoids the repetition of the introduction from an undergraduate degree. –  DetlevCM Commented Dec 25, 2018 at 19:50
• 4 @DetlevCM Perhaps the most prominent example I recall is Michael Griffin , the former head of NASA. –  user71659 Commented Dec 25, 2018 at 22:34
• 3 @DetlevCM You're comparing a master vs a PhD or undergrad while Buffy is asking why someone who has shown the ability to learn information on their own would need any formal program at all to pick up new information. You can find the books, papers and exercises without troubles online so giving a limited spot to someone who doesn't really need it, instead of someone who has yet to learn all those essential skills might be considered bad use of resources by some (and yes, there are certainly some immaterial advantages to studying in a formal program that you won't get from self-study, I agree) –  Voo Commented Dec 25, 2018 at 23:48
• 21 Major cases: to be a licensed engineer you must have a degree in engineering. So if you get all your degrees in a non-engineering field and then decide you need engineering licensure, you have to take a Master's. This also applies to some science fields like geology, you need a degree in the field. –  user71659 Commented Dec 26, 2018 at 6:45
• 3 @user71659 Licensing or similar bureaucratic requirements would be the key reason I can think of. My wife suspended her PhD program at ABD status to get a master's in education because she decided to teach high school. She tentatively plans to resume her PhD after she has her full license, but the Masters became an urgent and separate requirement once she made the decision. –  TimothyAWiseman Commented Dec 26, 2018 at 17:13

If you ever want to leave academia, it could be seen as a disadvantage. It suggests you are a "perpetual student" rather than someone who actually wants to do some (real-world) work.

The main point of a PhD is not that you learned some (random) snippet of new information while doing it, but that you demonstrated you can learn new stuff on your own with minimal supervision .

That is what you should expect to be doing for the rest of your working life, either inside or outside academia, but expecting to keep getting more "awards" for doing that is rather like a kid in school expecting to get another gold star for every good piece of homework they turn in - most people grow out of it.

• 12 Very opinion based and narrow minded answer. See the other answer for a bigger horizon –  Hakaishin Commented Dec 26, 2018 at 10:55
• 2 In view of the above comments, let me try to give a slightly more constructive (or at least more detailed) critique of this answer: This does not really answer the main question on what the admission committee would think, but sort of challenges the premise of the question whether doing a Master's after a Phd is a good idea in the first place. Considering the value of that decision seems out of place here: the answer to it is highly dependent on the motivations for obtaining a Master's and therefore needs more context than is given here, or at least a much broader perspective. –  Discrete lizard Commented Dec 28, 2018 at 10:12
• 1 @ alephzero of course a phd can learn anything on their own. but most of the time employers prefer candidates holding a related degree than being able to self learn, dont they. –  feynman Commented Dec 30, 2018 at 14:50
• 1 @ Discrete lizard i need to jump into another field where there're more jobs. academia is too crowded –  feynman Commented Dec 30, 2018 at 14:52

Not a direct answer to your question, but a personal experience. I got a PhD in EE and am now one semester away from finishing my masters in CS. Three years after my PhD, I changed careers from EE research to a data science. My EE PhD provided me background in linear algebra, partial differential equations and numerical computations. The primary motivation for me going into MSCS was to develop intuition in certain areas which I wasn't exposed to, but became important in my new career: combinatorics, statistics, probabilistic modeling, optimization, operating/distributed systems, and computer networks to name a few. Following a masters curriculum guided me on what areas are (roughly) considered important and also brought a (forced) discipline to my studies.

If an application of MS followed by a PhD crossed my desk, I'd laud your discipline, but also probe on why you went that route. You need to have a good answer for that.

• @ RDK very good answer. seemingly ur EE phd and CS MS look quite similar. then u had an argument to support the necessity of doing the CS MS –  feynman Commented Jan 3, 2019 at 8:25

In terms of competency, I can't imagine why it would be seen as a disadvantage. If anything - it shows that you are capable of successfully completing an academic program.

The only scenario I could imagine where this may be an issue is if the Master's program is affiliated with some scholarship program, where the scholarship terms & conditions require that the applicant does not hold an advanced degree. If you're applying for a non-scholarship program then I can't imagine why they would reject your application - you are willing to pay good money and are likely to successfully graduate.

Another issue might be if you're applying to a STEM program that's very far from your PhD degree (say, from theoretical physics to zoology). If your bachelor's degree does not fit the prerequisites for the program you may have an issue, and the PhD won't help (but probably won't hurt).

• 3 "Huh so the guy finished their PhD and then instead of working in their chosen field and applying their knowledge they decided to instead enroll in a different field, mhmm I wonder why". That's the first thought that would go through my mind if I saw that CV on the stack of job applications. So there's certainly some possible downside to it. –  Voo Commented Dec 25, 2018 at 23:50
• At the very least it would make me want to interview this person and ask them why, not outright reject them. –  Spark Commented Dec 26, 2018 at 8:16
• I'm with Voo. I can think of reasons to get a master's after a PhD, my wife is doing something analogous (suspended her PhD program at ABD status), but it calls for a real reason such as licensing requirements or moving to a radically different field with almost no overlap. –  TimothyAWiseman Commented Dec 26, 2018 at 17:18
• 3 "it shows that you are capable of successfully completing an academic program." Didn't the undergrad degree, the PhD and possibly the master's from before the PhD already prove that two or three times? Why go back to prove it again? –  David Richerby Commented Dec 26, 2018 at 22:48
• 1 I did sit in my department's admissions committee for a while, why do you ask? –  Spark Commented Dec 30, 2018 at 16:25

Would not be any purpose of doing two different STEM MSc:s. After one you are supposed to be able to learn similar level stuff even faster on your own.

I could understand wanting to do an economy MSc to complement your STEM knowledge. Quite some people ending up as CEO or CTO of medium or large size firms seem to have double degrees: one in tech and one in econ.

It's a plus on the side of competency to complete it, but a concern on the side of whether you would actually enroll and finish the degree if you are accepted. But the school, year and discipline of the PhD, the school and discipline of the Master's, and why you are switching play hugely into it. Also, frankly, your standardized test scores and ability to fund your own education, just like anybody else. I'd recommend talking to an admissions person at the school you are considering, as well as a hiring manager in the field you are considering. (BTW, I'm a PhD in Management Information Systems who was in academia for several years but have spent the last 12 years in industry.)

• @ Larry Seligman my english test scores all expired but i dont want to retake them again. if i argue i worked in english speaking countries for quite a few years, would that be convincing? –  feynman Commented Jan 3, 2019 at 8:35
• 1 For me personally, it would not be convincing since doctoral programs are so reading and writing intensive. But that's just me. I'd recommend contacting the admissions department of the school you are interested in, as well as the department chair of the department of your interest. You should do that anyway; putting a face to a name is always a big plus, and for doctoral programs the department has most or all of the decision input. You can also give the department chair first hand experience on how well you can interact in English. –  Larry Seligman Commented Jan 4, 2019 at 19:44

It really depends on the field of previous research but this is becoming more common due to more and more academics going into interdisciplinary research. It's not uncommon for folks from Biology to want to go into mathematical biology or even data science which requires more maths/computing. Therefore, if your previous PhD was in a different subject area to the masters you're applying to, that should be fine. Your research skills will definitely be valuable and may even help you get into a postdoc after completion of your masters. I've seen so many examples of academics with non-stats PhDs in the UK going back to study masters in statistics for example.

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The Unexpected Superfood for Diabetes: Scientists Identify New Health Benefits of Potatoes

Nutrition sciences professor Neda Akhavan’s recent research identifies potatoes as a potential superfood for individuals with Type 2 diabetes.

New research reveals that properly prepared potatoes can offer significant health benefits, including cardiovascular improvements, for people with Type 2 diabetes, challenging their negative dietary reputation.

The potato is small enough to fit inside a person’s hand yet contains enough nutrients to whittle waistlines and lower blood sugar in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Yet, despite the fact that potatoes – particularly the skins – are packed with health-boosting nutrients, they routinely get a bad rap among dieters.

That may soon change, thanks to new research by Neda Akhavan, assistant professor in the Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences within UNLV’s School of Integrated Health Sciences . Akhavan recently presented her findings on the cardiovascular benefits of potatoes for those living with Type 2 diabetes to the Alliance for Potato Research and Education.

“I like doing research on food items that are highly stigmatized in the nutrition world,” she said. “Most people associate the potato as something that is mostly fried or has a lot of fat, and we wanted to shine a light on how a potato – when prepared properly – can be both functional and healthy.”

Putting Potatoes to the Test

Akhavan enlisted 24 participants for the study , all of whom had Type 2 diabetes that was well controlled with medication. Funded by the Alliance for Potato Research and Education, this is believed to be the first study of its kind to scientifically measure the cardiovascular benefits of potatoes for adults with diabetes.

Participants in the study group were each given a pre-prepared baked potato with the skin measured to 100g, with only 20 grams of carbohydrates, roughly enough to fit in one hand to incorporate as a snack or side with meals daily. The control group was given a similar potion of white rice with the same number of calories and carbohydrates. The study ran daily for 12 weeks, which is considered the minimum time needed to see changes in indices of glycemic control and cardiometabolic health.

Study participants were permitted to add herbs or spices to the potatoes, or up to ½ tbsp of butter, but they were advised not to fry their potato.

Key Takeaways and Recommendations

A modest decrease in fasting blood glucose levels was present for study participants who ate potatoes. Study participants also showed improvements in body composition, waist circumference, and a decrease in resting heart rate.

“The results from our study provide evidence that white potatoes can be healthfully incorporated in the diet of individuals with Type 2 diabetes when substituted for other foods with a high glycemic load, such as long-grain white rice,” Akhavan said. “Additionally, there were no harmful effects on measured health outcomes, and some cardiometabolic health benefits were shown, which aligned with what we expected to see. Therefore, diabetics should not shy away from potatoes.”

Akhavan says that just like all foods, moderation – and preparation methods – are key.

“Potatoes are a very versatile food and can be eaten with most types of cuisines, but you want to make sure to incorporate them into a well-rounded diet,” she said. “For those tight on time, consider making a large batch of baked or roasted potatoes and meal prep to last you a while. I’m not against boiling potatoes, but you want to keep as much of the potassium from the skin as you can, and you lose some of that when you boil them.”

Making the Case for Potatoes

Potatoes are the richest source of dietary potassium in Western diets, and high-potassium diets have been shown to prevent high blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes development. Additionally, potato skins contain a certain type of fiber called “resistance starch,” which has been shown to improve glucose control, lipid profiles, and satiety. Because of these added health benefits, Akhavan recommends eating potatoes with the skin.

So, the next time you want to reach for a banana, she added, reach for that potato instead.

“A lot of people are shocked to learn that a potato has a higher level of potassium than a banana,” she said. “Believe it or not, a baked potato is one of the most satiating foods consumed within the western diet. And, when it is consumed baked, it increases our ability to feel fuller throughout the day.”

Akhavan intends to expand the study in the coming months to include a larger and more diverse participant population, and incorporation of potatoes within a Mediterranean dietary pattern. She also plans to explore the role of potato consumption and its effects on dietary patterns and related health benefits.

Meeting: NUTRITION 2024

The research was funded by the Alliance for Potato Research and Education.

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Funded by the Alliance for Potato Research and Education,

we’ll need more study, more independent

This article, and every nutritionist, should mention that cooking potatoes above 248 degrees F results in the formation of toxic acrylamide, a known neurotoxin and carcinogen. This is a problem for all carbohydrates heated over this temperature. This makes baked potatoes toxic. Boiled is safer. In addition, potato skins must be free of green areas, which are poisonous. And the skin can have traces of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and dirt. See my article, COOKED TO DEATH: How the acrylamide in food causes nerve damage and Long-COVID. https://www.academia.edu/87219890/COOKED_TO_DEATH_How_the_acrylamide_in_food_causes_nerve_damage_and_Long_COVID

Seems like potato propaganda… a little too good to be true. As a diabetic I think I’ll keep researching. I am intrigued about being able to eat at least potato skins.

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