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Medical Law Dissertation Ideas

Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On August 15, 2023

Medical law becomes increasingly important as healthcare dominates as a social issue. Graduate students must select a thesis subject as part of their programs. The subject you choose must have sufficient data to support your thesis. However, this will not always be a straightforward process.

Expert writing assistance is sought because of this reason. Despite the inexpensive nature of these services, a list of potential medical law dissertation ideas /topics is provided below.

The best way to get started is to have a topic in mind. Even when you want professional dissertation assistance , it simplifies things. Once you have selected your dissertation topic, the next step is writing the outline.

You can get help from dissertation outline services to start your thesis project.

List of Potential Medical Law Dissertation Ideas

  • Pro-life vs pro-choice: A Critical Analysis of the Laws Regarding Sterilization as a Population Control
  • A Critical Analysis of Abortion Laws from an Objective Point of View
  • Should More Safeguards Be Added to Permission in Assisted Suicide Legislation?
  • Reflect on the ethical and legal implications of abortion
  • The field of medical research is one of the frontlines in the ongoing ideological conflict over whether to treat people as mere tools or to value them as ends. Analyze this statement in the context of medical research law and practice
  • Does the UK need legislation to allow for organ retention? Discuss both sides of this topic
  • Examine the idea of “Sanctity of Life” critically while providing opposing options as guiding principles in the context of ending people’s lives, including medical experts
  • Examine the Medical Debates Over Stem Cell Research, focusing on the research for cosmetic goals
  • Examining how the possibility of legal action persuades medical professionals to forgo potentially life-saving procedures and treatments
  • Medical professionals in Spain are deterred from dangerous but potentially life-saving procedures and treatments by the possibility of lawsuits. Make your case and then conclude
  • Analysis of the Medical Debates Regarding Stem Cell Research in the UK
  • Examining consent about competent adults, mentally ill (disabled) individuals, and children
  • When should abortion be outright prohibited or permitted, and under what circumstances?
  • A study examining surgical complications in the UK
  • The results of making forced sterilization legal in developing nations
  • Should people be denied medical care for conditions brought on by their lifestyle choices?
  • Examining the connection between patient participation rights in treatment decisions and medical law
  • Medical legislation and patient rights about informed consent, medical confidentiality, and access to medical records
  • Does the treatment of illegal immigrants in the UK differ from that of local patients regarding medical law?
  • Examine medical legislation’s application to instances involving HIV and sexual health in professional settings
  • Discussing the ethical and societal challenges surrounding machine learning in healthcare
  • Medical legislation and circumcision: How are religious beliefs handled globally?
  • A comparison of the legal standing of in-vitro fertilized embryos that have been cryopreserved
  • Should we classify children who commit consensual sexual offences as sex offenders? Analyzing the Teddy Bear case critically Organ trafficking from the viewpoint of the black market: potential solutions to stop the illicit organ trade. An examination of medical contracts’ exclusionary clauses
  • An analysis of the State Liability Amendment Bill (2018) and its effects on South African medical malpractice lawsuits

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Medical law dissertation ideas and topics can be difficult to come up with, regardless of how much time you might have. That said, the ideas aforementioned for medical law dissertations can be considered.

Or you could request professional topics and outline help , proposal writing service or full dissertation writing service to get your paper completed by a subject specialist.

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How to find medical law dissertation ideas.

To find medical law dissertation ideas:

  • Research recent legal developments.
  • Analyze ethical dilemmas in healthcare.
  • Explore patient rights and consent.
  • Examine medical malpractice issues.
  • Consider technology’s impact on medicine.
  • Discuss legal aspects of medical research.

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Health Law Research Guide: Suggested Topics in Health Law

  • Suggested Topics in Health Law
  • Online Resources
  • Westlaw and Lexis
  • Legislative Histories
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  • U.S. Code, Regulations, and Court Rules
  • Pending Legislation
  • Legislative Reports
  • New York State Department of Health Guidance Memoranda/Documents
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  • International Declarations
  • Conventions
  • Resources on International Health Law
  • International Policy Briefs and Reports
  • Online Books and Reports
  • Open Access International Journals & Newsletters
  • Legislative Information and Reports
  • State Health Data
  • Uniform Laws
  • Books Online
  • Dictionaries and Glossaries
  • General Reference Sources
  • Indexes and Search Engines
  • Pace University Databases
  • PubMed and Medline
  • Research Guides
  • Bar Associations
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  • Current Awareness

Listed below are some suggested topics in Health Law; they are linked to the Pace University library catalog.  Books may be borrowed using your Pace ID card.  Please see a reference librarian for more information. 

Suggested Topics in Health Law (A-G)

  • Abortion--Law and Legislation
  • AIDS (Disease)
  • Allied Health Personnel
  • Assisted Suicide
  • Bioterrorism
  • Children with Disabilities
  • Communicable Diseases
  • Community Health Services
  • Developmentally Disabled
  • Discrimination in Medical Care
  • Donation of Organs, Tissues, etc.
  • Drinking Water
  • Dual Diagnosed
  • Emergency Medical Services
  • Environmentally Induced Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Food Adulteration and Inspection
  • Forensic Psychiatry
  • Genetic Engineering

Suggested Topics in Health Law (H-I)

  • Health Care Reform
  • Health Decision Making
  • Health Disparities
  • Health Facilities--Law and Legislation
  • Health Insurance
  • Health Maintenance Organizations
  • Health Risk Assessment
  • Health Services Administration
  • HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
  • Human Experimentation in Medicine
  • Human Reproduction
  • Informed Consent
  • Insanity (Law)
  • Insurance, Mental Health
  • Insurance, Physicians' Liability

Suggested Topics in Health Law (M-N)

  • Medical Care--Law and Legislation
  • Medical Emergencies
  • Medical Ethics
  • Medical Jurisprudence
  • Medical Laws and Legislation
  • Medical Personnel
  • Medical Personnel--Malpractice
  • Medical Policy
  • Medical Records--Law and Legislation
  • Medical Tourism
  • Medicare--Law and Legislation
  • Medicine, Preventive
  • Medicine--Philosophy
  • Mental Health Facilities
  • Mental Health Laws
  • Mental Health Personnel
  • Mental Illness
  • Mentally Handicapped Children
  • Mentally Ill
  • Mentally Ill Offenders
  • Neonatology

Suggested Topics in Health Law (P-Z)

  • Physicians--Malpractice
  • Psychiatric Hospitals
  • Psychiatrists--Malpractice
  • Public Health
  • Public Health Administration
  • Public Health Laws
  • Public Health Personnel
  • Right to Die
  • Rural Health
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Slaughtering and Slaughterhouses
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Telemedicine
  • Tort Liability of Hospitals
  • Transplantation of Organs and Tissues
  • War--Medical Aspects
  • Water--Fluoridation
  • World Health
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LLM in Medical Law and Ethics

  • Academic staff
  • Student profiles
  • How to apply

The LLM in Medical Law and Ethics addresses a diverse range of topics that reflect the legal and ethical challenges faced by those working in and around health and medicine. These topics are examined in their social, political and historical context.

The programme will cover legal and ethical issues that arise in various contexts, including but not limited to:

  • Medical treatment and experimentation
  • Regulation of healthcare professionals
  • Assisted reproduction
  • Assisted dying and euthanasia
  • Biomedical research, and
  • Public health and global health

Zahra, graduate from the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics

My experience on the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics course was fantastic. The quality of the course was impeccable.

Individual and population health is of critical social concern and has been identified as a key ‘global challenge’ which implicates a wide range of actors and policy fields.

This programme is ideal for those who wish to develop skills that will prepare themselves for a career in medical law or ethics or in health-related policy or regulation, and who wish to add new advocacy skills to their professional portfolio. The programme attracts students from a variety of legal backgrounds, as well as students with prior education and training in health and public health-related fields, life sciences, social sciences, and the humanities.

The LLM in Medical Law and Ethics adopts an interdisciplinary approach to learning, drawing on academics within and beyond law and ethics.

Uniquely, students will have the opportunity to select their own topics for study, exploring together with fellow students and staff, issues that are at the cutting-edge of the broad field of medical law and ethics.

This not only broadens avenues of learning, but also opens students up to a much wider community of scholars and practitioners.

Edinburgh Law School has had a strong presence in the regulation of the medicine, innovation, and related human rights since the birth of the disciplines of medical law and ethics in the 1970s.

Edinburgh Law School is home to the Mason Institute – a world-leading interdisciplinary research hub – whose research feeds directly into the Masters programme.

The Medical Law and Ethics team, alongside the Mason Institute, is also responsible for the leading textbook in the field, Law and Medical Ethics (Oxford University Press). This was the first textbook of its kind in the UK, and it continues the tradition of medical jurisprudence study first laid down by Professors J Kenyon Mason and Alexander McCall Smith.

As a student on the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics programme, you will become part of our active community of scholars, practitioners, and students from around the world.

You will gain insights into both the fundamentals of medical law and ethics, and issues of contemporary significance that reflect the research interests of members of staff. Importantly, you will benefit from interactions with diverse research communities with which the staff are engaged, including:

  • The J Kenyon Mason Institute for Medicine Life Sciences and Law, an interdisciplinary research institute based in the Law School
  • The Global Academies of Justice and Health
  • The Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation, based in the School of Social and Political Science
  • Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics , and
  • The Centre for Biomedicine, Self and Society .

The Law School arranges a wide range of events, public lectures and conferences throughout the year which regularly attract high-profile speakers and delegates.

In addition the Mason Institute offers a range of events that you will be able to attend and opportunities to get involved in the activities of the institute. In the video below Dr Agomoni Ganguli-Mitra, co-director of the Mason Institute, talks about the range of events and activities that students can attend.

In this video, we celebrate the 40th anniversary of the first publication of Mason and McCall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics. It is the UK’s leading textbook in medical law and ethics, which was born and nurtured at Edinburgh Law School.

The Mason Institute has its own podcast series and recorded a special episode to celebrate the seminal textbook, Mason and McCall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics.

The podcast looks at how the textbook came about in the first place, what contributions have been made to the current 12th edition published in 2023, and what the future may hold for the book. 

Listen to the Mason Institute Podcasts

If you have any questions about the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics please don’t hesitate to contact us.

[email protected]

This programme can be taken full time over one year, or part time over two years subject to visa restrictions. It offers a range of subjects that covers a broad spectrum of contemporary issues in medical law, jurisprudence and ethics, from an international and interdisciplinary perspective, allowing you to tailor a programme to suit your interests.

The programme consists of 180 credits, comprising taught courses worth 120 credits (60 credits per semester) and a 10,000 word dissertation worth 60 credits. Full programme details for the 2024-25 academic year are available on the University Degree Regulations and Programmes of Study website.

View 2024-25 programme information for the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics

Courses listed below are scheduled for the 2024-25 academic year.

Fundamental Issues in Medical Jurisprudence (20 credits, must be taken in semester 1)

This course serves as a foundation for critical analytical engagement with the core features of the discipline of medical jurisprudence, being the relationship between law and ethics in the provision of healthcare, the influence of human rights on medical practice, the importance of consent, confidentiality and medical negligence in shaping the contours of the doctor/patient relationship, as well as issues at the start and end of life, such as assisted reproduction and assisted dying. Where appropriate, comparative legal analysis will further inform discussion and debate.

Fundamental in Bioethics (20 credits, must be taken in semester 1)

This course serves as a foundation for critical engagement with the core elements of bioethics and of doing bioethics. It will introduce students to three pillars of rigorous bioethical analysis: (i) concepts, (ii) theories, and (iii) robust argumentation. It will equip students with the skills to develop and defend ethical arguments, and to apply these to legal, regulatory and policy issues in health and biomedicine.

Contemporary Issues in Medical Jurisprudence (20 credits, must be taken in semester 2)

This course is designed to engage students with current live issues arising in the field of medical jurisprudence, being a disciplines which sits at the cross-roads between law, medicine and ethics and is concerned primarily with legal and social responses to advanced in medicine, healthcare and related technologies.  The course is deliberately designed to be open and responsive to issues that are current at the time of delivery in any given year.

You must study between 40 and 60 credits from the courses listed below.

Mental Health Law (20 credits)

The main aim of the course is to examine the development of mental health law and how it is applied to related conditions that arise throughout the spectrum of life, beginning with diagnosis of conditions through early years, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and senior years. As well as examining specific legislation, the course (to a lesser extent) will focus on: changing societal attitudes to mental health and the growing recognition that mental health is as important as physical health. The course will also consider the provisions in Scots law and that in England & Wales, for the care and detention of offenders who have a mental health diagnosis. It should be noted that the basis of this course lies in the law and legislation; it does not seek to focus on medical diagnosis or treatment for mental health conditions.

Reproduction and the Law (20 credits)

This course provides students with an understanding of the law, policy, and precedent associated with the regulation of human reproduction in the UK. It provides a solid legal grounding in this area by focusing on four key topics: abortion, assisted reproduction and embryo research, wrongful life and wrongful birth, and surrogacy.

  • Shaping and Regulating Modern Healthcare (10 credits) This course provides students with an opportunity to explore some of the ways that modern healthcare has been (and is being) shaped by key events, actors, and objects. In particular, it reflects on how these have impacted on law, policy and regulation in the sector, and how this continues to evolve. This course will contextualise and deepen student's understanding of the changing healthcare landscape. It will equip students to navigate a range of primary and secondary sources in order to advance arguments and positions at this intersection of law, policy and regulation. While this course focuses on the UK as its primary jurisdiction, it also provides scope for students to reflect on the issues raised in relation to their home jurisdictions (if different).

Clinical Negligence and the Law (10 credits)

This course is a detailed exploration of the law of clinical negligence. It is designed to equip students with an in-depth knowledge and understanding of relevant case law. It also aims to develop skills in using the case law effectively by formulating reasoned and persuasive arguments for or against particular legal propositions. Whilst focusing on the law in the UK, the course will have a strong comparative dimension. The clinical negligence action will be viewed in its social, economic and political context and students will be encouraged to reflect critically on the various factors driving law and policy in this area.

You will have the option to take 20 credits from the Law School which will include the courses listed below, depending on availability and with the express permission of the Programme Director.

For full programme and course information please visit the University Degree Regulations and Programmes of Study website.

Having successfully completed 120 credit points of courses within the LLM, you will be ready to move onto a single piece of independent and in-depth research. The 10,000 word dissertation allows you to focus on a preferred topic from within the field of medical law and ethics. Dissertations normally involve the expansion and development of issues addressed in one of your courses. Your Programme Director will be able to advise you as to whether your topic is appropriate for your programme of study.

You will be assigned an academic dissertation supervisor who will provide you with support and guidance while you prepare and write your dissertation.

The dissertation is a challenging but rewarding endeavour, asking you to demonstrate a comprehensive grasp of the relevant literature and an ability to engage critically with a range of sources, drawing on the skills and knowledge you have developed during the course of the programme. Students are encouraged to show originality and evidence of independent thinking, whether in terms of the material used, or the manner in which it is presented.

The dissertation is written in the summer months (April to August) after the taught courses are successfully completed.

Please note that due to unforeseen circumstances or lack of demand for particular courses, we may not be able to run all courses as advertised come the start of the academic year.

Page update: Courses for the 2024-25 year were published on the 3rd May 2024. 

You will be taught by a core teaching team made up of individuals who each has an outstanding record of research in the field, as well as in other related areas. Core teaching staff for the 2022-23 academic year are listed below.

Dr Catriona McMillan - Programme Director 2023-24

Dr Catriona McMillan

Catriona (Katy) McMillan is a Lecturer in Medical Law and Ethics at the University of Edinburgh School of Law. She is also Deputy Director of the JK Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law, and Convenor of the Law Society of Scotland's Health and Medical Law Sub-Committee.

Find out more

Murray Earle is a Teaching Fellow in medical law. He is a graduate of the University of the Witwatersrand (BA Law & International Relations; BA (Hons) Comparative Literature), and the University of Edinburgh (LLM Medical Jurisprudence & the Sociology of Law; and PhD in Medical Law).

Murray started his career as a lecturer in medical law at the University of Glasgow, while completing his PhD. That was followed by work as a Senior Researcher at the Scottish Parliament Information Centre (SPICe, 2000-2011). From there he developed an independent career, writing, and teaching on, a wide range of online postgraduate medical law courses offered by the School of Law, at the University of Edinburgh. He was also involved in writing for a range of reference publications.

Gerard is a lecturer in medical law and ethics in the School of Law. His research interests include medical law, patent law and the regulation of the life sciences. He speaks Japanese and also conducts comparative research in Japanese law within these subject areas.

He has held visiting fellowships at the Centre for Studies in Ethics and Rights (Mumbai, India), the Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore and with the Program on Science, Technology and Society at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.

Find out more about Gerard Porter

Dr. Agomoni Ganguli-Mitra is Chancellor’s Fellow in the Legal and Ethical Aspects of Biomedicine, and Co-director of the JK Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law. She is also a member of the Wellcome Trust-funded Centre for Biomedicine, Self and Society.

Dr. Ganguli-Mitra’s background is in bioethics, with a special interest in global bioethics, structural and gender justice. She has written on ethical issues related to global surrogacy, sex-selection, biomedical research in low-income countries, social value in research governance and the concepts of exploitation and vulnerability in bioethics.

Find out more about Agomoni Ganguli-Mitra

Annie Sorbie is a Lecturer in Medical Law and Ethics at Edinburgh Law School, with a research and teaching portfolio. She is a medical lawyer (currently non-practising) with over 14 years’ experience in legal practice in the health, social care and regulatory sector (September 2001 – December 2015, Partner from 2009). She has extensive experience of providing strategic advice on matters of health regulatory practice and policy, both in health and social care regulation, and also more widely within the NHS and private sectors.

Having joined the Wellcome funded Liminal Spaces Project in January 2016, Annie’s doctoral research interrogates the contribution of the public interest to health research regulation in the context of access to identifiable patient information for research purposes without consent. Annie is also a Deputy Director of the Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law, and co-leads its policy portfolio. In June 2018 Annie was appointed to the Lay Advisory Group of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

Find out more about Annie Sorbie

Edward (Ted) Dove is Lecturer in Risk and Regulation at the School of Law, University of Edinburgh, and Deputy Director of the J Kenyon Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and Law. From 2011 until 2014, Ted was an Academic Associate at the Centre of Genomics and Policy at McGill University in Montreal. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree (BA) in Political Science and Civil Law and Common Law degrees(BCL, LLB) from McGill University, a Master of Laws degree (LLM) from Columbia University in New York City and a PhD from the University of Edinburgh.

Ted’s primary research interests are in the areas of regulation of biomedical research, research ethics oversight, health-related data access and sharing, and governance of international research collaboration.

Emily is an Early Career Fellow in Bioethics. Her background is in philosophical bioethics and policy management. She was awarded her PhD for her thesis ‘Defining Ourselves: narrative identity and access to personal bioinformation’ in 2017.

Prior to her doctoral research she worked in policy roles at the Scottish Government in the fields of public health and environmental justice. She was also project leader and co-author of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics 2013 report ‘Novel Neurotechnologies: intervening in the brain’. She has published on ethical and legal issues relating to identity development, consent to research participation, secondary uses of health data, and neurotechnology.

Emily’s main research interests lie in exploring the relationships between biomedical information and self-conception, specifically the narrative constitution of self. Emily is Course Organiser for the on-campus and online LLM courses Fundamentals in Bioethics and Biotechnology, Bioethics and Society. She is a Deputy Director of the JK Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law, with particular responsibility for the Institute’s policy engagement portfolio.

Find out more about Emily Postan

Professor Anne-Maree Farrell is Chair of Medical Jurisprudence at Edinburgh Law School and Director of the Mason Institute.

Professor Farrell's research expertise lies generally in health law and bioethics. She is particularly interested in the relationship between politics and regulation in the area of health. She has specific interests in law and the human body (blood, organ, tissue), health technologies, health security, the management of public health risks, clinical negligence and no-fault compensation for medical injury. She admitted to legal practice as a solicitor in Australia, Ireland, England & Wales. Prior to becoming an academic, she worked as a lawyer in private legal practice specialising in mass torts, product liability and medical negligence.

You may also be taught by other leading experts and practitioners.

The staff teaching on this programme are subject to change for 2023-24. Staff listed as on sabbatical will not be available to teach for the duration of their sabbatical.

[email protected]  

Find out what it's like to study for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics at Edinburgh Law School from our current and former students.

Fabienne, UK

Fabienne is a 2023 graduate of the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics at Edinburgh Law School. In this video, she talks about her experience studying the LLM and what it's like to live in the city of Edinburgh.

Titlee is a 2023 graduate of the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics at Edinburgh Law School. In this video, she talks about her experience studying the LLM and what it's like to live in the city of Edinburgh.

Eleonora, from Italy, studied for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the 2021/22 academic year, graduating in 2022. In this video she talks about her experience of studying for an LLM at Edinburgh Law School, life in Edinburgh and her plans for the future.

Chioma, from Nigeria, studied for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the 2021/22 academic year, graduating in 2022. In this video she talks about her experience of studying for an LLM at Edinburgh Law School, life in Edinburgh and her plans for the future.

Qinlin, from China, studied for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the 2021/22 academic year, graduating in 2022. In this video he talks about his experience of studying for an LLM at Edinburgh Law School, life in Edinburgh and his plans for the future.

Leyla, from the UK, studied for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the 2021/22 academic year, graduating in 2022. In this video she talks about her experience of studying for an LLM at Edinburgh Law School, life in Edinburgh and her plans for the future.

Xuanyun studied the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the academic year 2021-22, graduating in 2022.

"After undergraduate education in medical law from China, I wanted to gain a more in-depth understanding of the field. Therefore, I decided to do my Master's in Medical Law and Ethics in Edinburgh.

Medical Law and Ethics Student Xuanyun

The programme has given me a fresh experience, as I have not only learned about the law but also about bioethics, which I had little knowledge of before. I was also able to fulfill my academic and practical interests by taking different courses. The professors are very enthusiastic. Their love for the topic is evident through their words in class, and they are very patient in answering every question.

Before coming to Edinburgh, all I remembered about the city and Scotland was the old buildings and kilts. When I came to Edinburgh, I felt the city's beauty and the Scots' friendliness. The sunsets on Calton Hill and the jazz in the pubs will always be in my memory."

Rhiannon, from England, studied for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the 2019/20 academic year, graduating in 2020. In this video she talks about her experience of studying for an LLM at Edinburgh Law School, life in Edinburgh, completing her studies during the Covid-19 pandemic and her plans for the future.

My name is Chris Maragh; I am a healthcare professional from Ontario, Canada. I have over seven years of experience in the field.

I attended the University of Edinburgh and pursued an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics because I have a broad interest in learning how the law can improve health systems.

Chris, LLM in Medical Law and Ethics, 2020

Based on this interest, the programme exceeded my expectations. I learned how law, policy, governance, and ethics could improve the health of the population and the delivery of health programmes and services. I also learned many skills and tools that are applicable to any health system. Particularly, ethical and legal theories that can evaluate the efficacy of strategies, policies, and laws pertaining to health and social care. This is all attributed to the teaching staff that I would describe as experts in the field who are dedicated to helping students grow personally and professionally. I would highly recommend this programme to anyone who desires to navigate and solve complex problems related to medical law and ethics.

Last but not least, Edinburgh is a safe and beautiful place to live and study. It is hard to give a brief description of the city; however, I will say that there something for everyone in the city – culture, nature, history, and nightlife. My most memorable moments were exploring Scotland and developing friendships with people from across the globe.

Chris studied the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the academic year 2019-20, graduating in 2020.

Emma, from the USA, studied for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the 2019/20 academic year, graduating in 2020. In this video she talks about his experience of studying for an LLM at Edinburgh Law School, life in Edinburgh, completing her studies during the Covid-19 pandemic and her plans for the future.

I applied for a place on the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics at The University of Edinburgh after working as a Dentist in the NHS for around seven years.

I was initially drawn to the programme to learn more about the legal and ethical issues surrounding medical treatments and public health interventions in the UK. My aim was then to apply this knowledge to my day-to-day clinical work.

Chris, LLM in Medical Law and Ethics, 2020

The teaching on this LLM is excellent. The Programme Director and academic staff are very approachable and supportive. I met many other students from all over the world with a wide range of Undergraduate degrees. We shared and discussed many topics during our seminars and beyond. Edinburgh is also a beautiful city to live in and explore!

This LLM in Medical Law and Ethics opened many doors for me and equipped me with the skills I needed to work towards further clinical and academic goals.

Mattie studied the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the academic year 2019-20, graduating in 2020.

Kathryn, from Scotland, studied for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the 2019/20 academic year, graduating in 2020. In this video she talks about her experience of studying for an LLM at Edinburgh Law School, life in Edinburgh, completing her studies during the Covid-19 pandemic and her plans for the future.

Destiny studied the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the 2018-19 academic year. In this video she talks about her experience of studying the LLM at Edinburgh Law School.

Claudia talks about her experience of studying for an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics at Edinburgh Law School and life in Edinburgh.

Peter, a Geriatrician from Singapore and originally from Hong Kong, talks about his experience of studying the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics at Edinburgh Law School.

Isabelle graduated with an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in 2018. Here she talks about her experience of studying on the LLM at Edinburgh Law School in the 2017-18 academic year.

Nasser studied the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the academic year 2017-18, graduating in 2018.

When I decided to pursue an LLM in Medical Law and Ethics, Edinburgh was my first choice. Well, actually it was my only choice as I decided to apply to this single place and wait for the response. I like the beautiful city of Edinburgh as well as its friendly people.

Nasser, LLM in Medical Law and Ethics, 2018

Studying the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics with a medical background was a challenging task for me. I had no formal background in law, and this was a concern for me. However, I received assurance on the first day of the programme, when I met Prof. Graeme Laurie, that I will be able to move smoothly, and, this what happened.

I enjoyed the programme and curriculum very much. I started to build on my background, change some conceptions, and even challenge others which I took earlier as a given. The programme was quite interactive throughout the year, with various tasks and tools adding further interest to the programme. I enjoyed interacting with both our instructors and fellow students equally.

The Programme Director, dissertation supervisor and courses lecturers were very helpful and approachable throughout my studies. They handled all concerns positively and professionally. They were supportive and encouraged positive interactions. The programme director was very helpful to address concerns and smoothen the work during the study year. The dissertation supervisor was very approachable and provided excellent guidance throughout the work of the dissertation.

Moreover, I found my extra-curricular learning was as equally fascinating and fruitful. For example, the Mason Institute seminars were particularly useful and provided a boost for the topics we encountered in the programme. This is in addition to many other useful courses that are provided by the University of Edinburgh for its students for free throughout the year.

If there is one thing I regret, it is not doing this programme earlier. Throughout this year, I felt like a member of the Medical Law and Ethics family. I enjoyed the learning opportunity as well as the company of the people on the programme. I think this LLM in Medical Law and Ethics at the University of Edinburgh is one of the best and it opens the door for future endeavours. As I return to my medical career in Oman, I see clearly how this programme has equipped me with new skills and ways of thinking that further enhance my professional work.

Gabriel studied the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in the academic year 2017-18, graduating in 2018.

"As a lawyer, I have been working on health issues in Chile for almost a decade, mainly in public institutions such as the Ministry of Health and the Superintendence of Health. This allowed me to understand the problems and challenges in the area of health, requiring a critical and multidisciplinary approach to face and resolve them.

I decided to study a Masters degree related to topics that could be applied to future challenges related to legal and ethical issues in the health area, which have a massive impact on the lives of all people and communities.

Through the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics at the University of Edinburgh, I was set on finding a multidisciplinary and critical approach to these subjects. In addition, I was interested in the more complex aspects of regulations on medicine and health, and the associated ethical problems beyond the purely legal approach.

Why this LLM at the University of Edinburgh? The LLM in Medical Law and Ethics covers all the relevant topics associated with this discipline, including contemporary problems, issues related to risks and regulation, the constant emergence of biotechnology, and the complex balance between governance and innovation in medicine. The University of Edinburgh is one of the best universities in the world according to international rankings and its programme has proven to be rigorous, continual and innovative. Plus, Edinburgh is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe and its people are wonderful.

My expectations for this post graduate degree programme were widely exceeded. The LLM perfectly combines the current aspects and challenges in the area of medical law with a broad view of its regulations and problems, and it incorporates complex argumentative tools and resources of ethical analysis. The professors play a fundamental role in providing a high level vision of the discipline and in students having a high level of participation in the intellectual exchange. As a result, the global and enriched vision allows programme participants to explore different problems in a sophisticated manner and in more depth than a mere aggregate of knowledge. This has been a great contribution in my current work regarding solving the health problems of the population and in an eventual reform of my country’s health system."

Please note that the information provided is for entry in the 2024-25 academic year and requirements for future academic years may differ. 

This programme can be taken full time over one year, or part time over two years subject to visa restrictions.

Due to high demand, the school operates a number of selection deadlines. We will make a small number of offers to the most outstanding candidates on an ongoing basis, but hold the majority of applications until the next published selection deadline when we will offer a proportion of the places available to applicants selected through a competitive process.

We recommend that you apply as early as possible. This is particularly important for applicants who may need to allow sufficient time to take an English language test, for overseas students who may need time to satisfy necessary visa requirements and/or to apply for University accommodation.

We require a minimum 2:1 honours degree from a UK university, or its international equivalent, in law, politics, medicine, medical humanities, or life sciences. Entry to this programme is competitive. Meeting minimum requirements for consideration does not guarantee an offer of study.

Supporting your application

  • Relevant work experience is not required but may increase your chances of acceptance.
  • Relevant professional qualifications will be considered.
  • Preference will be given to those with grades above the minimum requirements due to strong competition for places on this programme.

International qualifications

You can check whether your degree qualification is equivalent to the minimum standard before applying.

Check your degree

Students from China

This degree is Band A.

Find out more about our postgraduate entry requirements for students from China

Postgraduate study in the field of law requires a thorough, complex and demanding knowledge of English, so we ask that the communication skills of all students are at the same minimum standard.

You must demonstrate a level of English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies, regardless of your nationality or country of residence.

English language tests

We accept the following English language qualifications at the grades specified:

  • IELTS Academic and IELTS Academic Online : total 7.0 (at least 7.0 in the writing component and 6.5 in each other module)
  • TOEFL-iBT (including Special Home Edition): total 100 (at least 25 in writing and 23 in each other module)
  • C1 Advanced (CAE) / C2 Proficiency (CPE): total 185 (at least 185 in writing and 176 in in all other components)
  • Trinity ISE: ISE III with passes in all four components
  • PTE Academic: 70 overall with at least 70 in the writing component and 62 in each other component
  • Oxford ELLT (Global and Digital): 9 overall with at least 9 in the writing component and 8 in each other component.

Your English language qualification must be no more than three and a half years old from the start date of the programme you are applying to study, unless you are using IELTS, TOEFL, Trinity ISE or PTE, in which case it must be no more than two years old on the first of the month in which the degree begins.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, that was taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country as defined by UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI). The UK Government's website provides a list of majority English speaking countries.

View the UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, or equivalent, that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries.

Approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old at the beginning of your programme of study.

View approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries

Your application may not be successful if you do not currently satisfy any of these requirements; alternatively, you may be offered a place conditional on your reaching the satisfactory standard by the time you start the degree.

Find out more about the University's English language requirements

Pre-sessional English for Academic Purposes

We also accept satisfactory completion of our English for Academic Purposes programme as meeting our English language requirements. You must complete the programme no more than two years and one month before the start date of the degree you are applying to study.

Find out more about the University's Pre-sessional English for Academic Purposes

English language support

The University runs a series of programmes for English Language Education, including a pre-sessional English Language Programme intended to strengthen your English Language skills before you start your programme of study.

Find out more about English language support offered by the University

Deadlines for applicants applying to study the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics in 2024-25 are provided in the table below.

We monitor application numbers carefully to ensure we are able to accommodate all those who receive offers. It may therefore be necessary to close a programme earlier than the published deadline and if this is the case we will place a four-week warning notice on the relevant programme page.

Please note that the deadline for meeting the conditions of an offer is 18 August 2024.

Applications are made online via the University Application Service, EUCLID.

Please follow the instructions carefully and make sure that you have included the following documentation with your application:

  • You will need to submit a personal statement of around 500 words, outlining your academic history and relevant experience. Guidance on writing your personal statement .
  • Degree certificates showing award of degree
  • Previous academic transcripts for all past degree programmes (please upload the full transcript showing results from all years of study)
  • A reference in support of your application. The reference should be academic and dated no earlier than one year from the start of study on the LLM programme
  • Evidence of English language proficiency, if required

If you are currently studying for your degree or you are not in a possession of an English test result you may still apply to the programme. Please note that it is your responsibility to submit the necessary documents.

Please be aware that applications must be submitted and complete, i.e. all required documents uploaded, by the relevant application deadline in order to be considered in that round. Your application will still be considered if you have not yet met the English language requirement for the programme.

View full detailed application guidance

Students at this University must not undertake any other concurrent credit bearing studies in this (or in any other) institution, unless the College has granted permission. The College must be satisfied that any additional credit-bearing studies will not restrict the student’s ability to complete their existing programme of study. Students will not be permitted to undertake concurrent degree programmes in any circumstances.

If you are studying at this or another institution just prior to the start of your postgraduate studies you must have finished these studies before the start of the programme to which you have an offer.

After your application has been submitted you will be able to track its progress through the University's applicant hub.

Application processing times will vary, however the admissions team will endeavour to process your application within four to six weeks of submission. Please note that missing documentation will delay the application process.

You will be informed as soon as possible of the decision taken. Three outcomes are possible:

  • You may be offered a place unconditionally
  • You may be offered a conditional place, which means that you must fulfil certain conditions that will be specified in the offer letter. Where a conditional offer is made, it is your responsibility to inform the College Postgraduate Office when you have fulfilled the requirements set out.  Please note that the deadline for meeting the conditions of an offer is 18 August 2024.
  • Your application may be unsuccessful. If your application has not been successful, you can request feedback from us or refer to our guidance for unsuccessful applicants, which explains some of the common reasons we why we reach this decision. View the University's guidance for unsuccessful applicants

Deferring your offer

We do not normally offer deferrals, however, we may be able to make a very limited number of offers for deferred entry in exceptional circumstances.

View full guidance on deferral requests

The University’s terms and conditions form part of your contract with the University, and you should read them, and our data protection policy, carefully before applying.

University of Edinburgh admissions terms and conditions

Key information

Llm and msc programmes.

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LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online learning

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HLS Dissertations, Theses, and JD Papers

S.j.d. dissertations, ll.m. papers, ll.m. theses, j.d. papers, submitting your paper to an online collection, other sources for student papers beyond harvard, getting help, introduction.

This is a guide to finding Harvard Law School (“HLS”) student-authored works held by the Library and in online collections. This guide covers HLS S.J.D Dissertations, LL.M. papers, J.D. third-year papers, seminar papers, and prize papers.

There have been changes in the HLS degree requirements for written work. The library’s collection practices and catalog descriptions for these works has varied. Please note that there are gaps in the library’s collection and for J.D. papers, few of these works are being collected any longer.

If we have an S.J.D. dissertation or LL.M. thesis, we have two copies. One is kept in the general collection and one in the Red Set, an archival collection of works authored by HLS affiliates. If we have a J.D. paper, we have only one copy, kept in the Red Set. Red Set copies are last resort copies available only by advance appointment in Historical and Special Collections .

Some papers have not been processed by library staff. If HOLLIS indicates a paper is “ordered-received” please use this form to have library processing completed.

The HLS Doctor of Juridical Science (“S.J.D.”) program began in 1910.  The library collection of these works is not comprehensive. Exceptions are usually due to scholars’ requests to withhold Library deposit. 

  • HLS S.J.D. Dissertations in HOLLIS To refine these search results by topic or faculty advisor, or limit by date, click Add a New Line.
  • Hein’s Legal Theses and Dissertations Microfiche Mic K556.H45x Drawers 947-949 This microfiche set includes legal theses and dissertations from HLS and other premier law schools. It currently includes about 300 HLS dissertations and theses.
  • Hein's Legal Theses and Dissertations Contents List This content list is in order by school only, not by date, subject or author. It references microfiche numbers within the set housed in the Microforms room on the entry level of the library, drawers 947-949. The fiche are a different color for each institution.
  • ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ Harvard University (Harvard login) Copy this search syntax: dg(S.J.D.) You will find about 130 SJD Dissertations dated from 1972 to 2004. They are not available in full text.
  • DASH Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard Sponsored by Harvard University’s Office for Scholarly Communication, DASH is an open repository for research papers by members of the Harvard community. There are currently about 600 HLS student papers included. Unfortunately it is not possible to search by type of paper or degree awarded.

The Master of Laws (“LL.M.”) degree has been awarded since 1923. Originally, the degree required completion of a major research paper, akin to a thesis. Since 1993, most students have the option of writing the LL.M. "short paper."  This is a 25-page (or longer) paper advised by a faculty supervisor or completed in conjunction with a seminar.  Fewer LL.M. candidates continue to write the more extensive "long-paper." LL.M. candidates holding J.D.s from the U.S. must write the long paper.

  • HLS Written Work Requirements for LL.M. Degree The current explanation of the LL.M. written work requirement for the master of laws.

The library generally holds HLS LL.M. long papers and short papers. In recent years, we require author release in order to do so. In HOLLIS, no distinction is made between types of written work created in satisfaction of the LL.M. degree; all are described as LL.M. thesis. Though we describe them as thesis, the law school refers to them solely as papers or in earlier years, essays. HOLLIS records indicate the number of pages, so at the record level, it is possible to distinguish long papers.

  • HLS LL.M. Papers in HOLLIS To refine these search results by topic, faculty advisor, seminar or date, click Add a New Line.

HLS LL.M. Papers are sometimes available in DASH and Hein's Legal Dissertations and Theses. See descriptions above .

The HLS J.D. written work requirement has changed over time. The degree formerly required a substantial research paper comparable in scope to a law review article written under faculty supervision, the "third year paper." Since 2008, J.D. students have the option of using two shorter works instead.

Of all those written, the library holds relatively few third-year papers. They were not actively collected but accepted by submission from faculty advisors who deemed a paper worthy of institutional retention. The papers are described in HOLLIS as third year papers, seminar papers, and student papers. Sometimes this distinction was valid, but not always. The faculty deposit tradition more or less ended in 2006, though the possibility of deposit still exists. 

  • J.D. Written Work Requirement
  • Faculty Deposit of Student Papers with the Library

HLS Third Year Papers in HOLLIS

To refine these search results by topic, faculty advisor, seminar or date, click Add a New Line.

  • HLS Student Papers Some third-year papers and LL.M. papers were described in HOLLIS simply as student papers. To refine these search results, click "Add a New Line" and add topic, faculty advisor, or course title.
  • HLS Seminar Papers Note that these include legal research pathfinders produced for the Advanced Legal Research course when taught by Virginia Wise.

Prize Papers

HLS has many endowed prizes for student papers and essays. There are currently 16 different writing prizes. See this complete descriptive list with links to lists of winners from 2009 to present. Note that there is not always a winner each year for each award. Prize winners are announced each year in the commencement pamphlet.

The Library has not specifically collected prize papers over the years but has added copies when possible. The HOLLIS record for the paper will usually indicate its status as a prize paper. The most recent prize paper was added to the collection in 2006.

Addison Brown Prize Animal Law & Policy Program Writing Prize Victor Brudney Prize Davis Polk Legal Profession Paper Prize Roger Fisher and Frank E.A. Sander Prize Yong K. Kim ’95 Memorial Prize Islamic Legal Studies Program Prize on Islamic Law Laylin Prize LGBTQ Writing Prize Mancini Prize Irving Oberman Memorial Awards John M. Olin Prize in Law and Economics Project on the Foundations of Private Law Prize Sidney I. Roberts Prize Fund Klemens von Klemperer Prize Stephen L. Werner Prize

  • Harvard Law School Prize Essays (1850-1868) A historical collection of handwritten prize essays covering the range of topics covered at that time. See this finding aid for a collection description.

The following information about online repositories is not a recommendation or endorsement to participate.

  • ProQuest Dissertations and Theses HLS is not an institutional participant to this collection. If you are interested in submitting your work, refer to these instructions and note that there is a fee required, which varies depending on the format of submission.
  • EBSCO Open Dissertations Relatively new, this is an open repository of metadata for dissertations. It is an outgrowth of the index American Doctoral Dissertations. The aim is to cover 1933 to present and, for modern works, to link to full text available in institutional repositories. Harvard is not one of the institutional participants.
  • DASH Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard

Sponsored by Harvard University’s Office for Scholarly Communication, this is an open repository for research papers by members of the Harvard community. See more information about the project. 

Some HLS students have submitted their degree paper to DASH.  If you would like to submit your paper, you may use this authorization form  or contact June Casey , Librarian for Open Access Initiatives and Scholarly Communication at Harvard Law School.

  • ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (Harvard Login) Covers dissertations and masters' theses from North American graduate schools and many worldwide. Provides full text for many since the 1990s and has descriptive data for older works.
  • NDLTD Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations Union Catalog Worldwide in scope, NDLTD contains millions of records of electronic theses and dissertations from the early 1900s to the present.
  • Law Commons of the Digital Commons Network The Law Commons has dissertations and theses, as well as many other types of scholarly research such as book chapters and conference proceedings. They aim to collect free, full-text scholarly work from hundreds of academic institutions worldwide.
  • EBSCO Open Dissertations Doctoral dissertations from many institutions. Free, open repository.
  • Dissertations from Center for Research Libraries Dissertations found in this resource are available to the Harvard University Community through Interlibrary Loan.
  • British Library EThOS Dissertation source from the British Library listing doctoral theses awarded in the UK. Some available for immediate download and some others may be requested for scanning.
  • BASE from Bielefeld University Library Index of the open repositoris of most academic institutions. Includes many types of documents including doctoral and masters theses.

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  • Last Updated: Sep 12, 2023 10:46 AM
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Medical Ethics and Law

medical ethics and law

Medical Ethics and Law - MA

This programme provides an opportunity to undertake in-depth study of healthcare ethics and law, and to develop the ability to think systematically and critically about the moral and legal issues that healthcare professionals and those involved in healthcare management and policy may encounter in the course of their work. Ideal for working professionals or recent graduates, the programme comprises four taught modules plus a dissertation on a topic chosen by the student. Teaching takes place in short, intensive blocks to facilitate combining study with full-time work, and the course may be studied flexibly over one, two or five years.

Month of entry

Mode of study.

  • Full time, Part time
  • Keele University campus

Subject area

  • Ethics, Law

Fees for 2024/25 academic year

UK - Full time: £9,800 per year UK - Part time: Year 1: £6,900, Year 2: £3,000 International - Full time: £19,500 per year

Duration of study

  • Full time - 1 year, Part time - 2 years, Modular - Up to 5 years

Why study Medical Ethics and Law at Keele University?

Course overview, course summary.

New developments in treatments and technology, coupled with shifting social attitudes, mean that the legal and ethical issues around healthcare and medicine are constantly changing, posing serious challenges for those involved. Practical in focus and regularly updated to reflect new issues that arise – from COVID-19 to the role of AI in healthcare – our MA aims to help you navigate the complex moral and legal considerations surrounding the planning and delivery of healthcare, and associated activities such as medical research. Is it acceptable, for example, to disclose a patient’s medical history to protect others from infectious diseases like HIV? At what point should healthcare professionals stop trying to prolong life? Or, to save a life, should doctors ever overrule a refusal of treatment based cultural or religious reasons or an advance directive? Undertaking a medical ethics course cannot provide all the answers – not least because there are far too many questions to consider, but also because there often is no easy answer. However, it can prepare you to work out answers yourself responsibly, professionally and with integrity. Drawing on real-life and hypothetical cases, research, news and shared experiences, our MA introduces you to relevant concepts, theories and frameworks – highlighting their pros and cons and providing you with a range of analytical tools with which to assess different ethical and legal claims. You’ll also learn to communicate ethical and legal arguments more clearly to others. Working on a range of scenarios and with a focus on practical application, you’ll construct, categorise and criticise different ethical arguments, spotting common fallacies and identifying weaknesses in an argument. For example, students recently considered the moral and legal arguments raised in a 2021 High Court case on the Abortion Act 1967, and whether a provision permitting abortion up until birth in the case of foetal disabilities such as Down Syndrome was discriminatory and in contravention of Human Rights. The course typically attracts a broad range of professionals in healthcare, law and related areas, recent graduates and intercalating medical students, which enriches discussion, debate and shared experiences. In fact, students frequently tell us that what they value most is being exposed to a huge range of contrasting viewpoints, meeting and exchanging ideas with peers who work in different fields and sectors, in other parts of the country, and sometimes the world. Past students have included doctors, nurses, lawyers, health care managers, radiographers, dentists, veterinary practitioners, chaplains, charity and voluntary workers, social workers, hospice directors, hospital administrators, medical and pharmaceutical researchers, research ethics committee members, philosophy, law and bioscience graduates, journalists, and health care educators.

Other courses you might be interested in:

  • MA Medical Ethics and Palliative Care
  • LLM Law with SQE Preparation
  • Enquire about this course
"My MA in Medical Ethics and Law changed the way I think as well as my career trajectory. I am now a Lead Tutor for Ethics and Law education at Manchester University Medical School, a member of a tertiary children’s hospital’s ethics committee and part of my Royal College’s working group on genomics all directly because of the MA. More importantly, my improved ability to frame a question, analyse information and construct answers has totally changed the way I work as a doctor, especially within management and leadership roles. I had to sit back and ask myself questions about why I believed one thing, rather than the other, on numerous occasions and it was a fun, educational and humbling experience. One that I benefitted from and would strongly encourage others to do." Dr David Wright, MA Medical Ethics and Law graduate

Course structure

The programme is purposefully structured in a way that allows you to maintain full-time employment whilst studying, particularly important for students seeking continuing professional development or looking to switch careers. Starting in October, it can be studied over one year full-time, two years part-time or up to five years if you choose to study on a modular basis. Teaching is delivered in short, intense blocks of typically three days’ duration. The part-time programme requires only 13 days attendance in Year 1 and two days in Year 2. On the MA, you will complete 180 credits, which comprises four 30-credit taught modules and a 60-credit dissertation, which is studied over the course of a year on a topic of your choice. The first two modules, which are studied alongside students on the MA in Medical Ethics and Palliative Care, provide a solid introduction to medical ethics and medical law. You’ll also develop your understanding of the language, norms and conventions used when writing or preparing academic arguments in these disciplines. The third and fourth modules apply the skills developed in the first two modules to the analysis of ethical and legal issues arising within the doctor-patient relationship and the broader policy context. Students may exit with a Postgraduate Certificate or a Postgraduate Diploma after successful completion of two or four taught modules. The information below outlines a one-year full-time study schedule. When taken part-time, the four taught modules (three core, one optional) are taken in the first year, with the dissertation being completed in the second year. If you opt for modular study, you will take one or more taught modules per year for a period of up to four years, followed by the dissertation in your final year.

The module details given below are indicative, they are intended to provide you with an idea of the range of subjects that are taught to our current students. The modules that will be available for you to study in future years are prone to change as we regularly review our teaching to ensure that it is up-to-date and informed by the latest research and teaching methods, as well as student voice. The information presented is therefore not intended to be construed and/or relied upon as a definitive list of the modules available in any given year.

Core modules

Moral Theory and Medical Ethics (30 credits, Semester 1) This module provides an overview of the key ethical theories, frameworks and principles that underpin decisions and action by doctors, health providers, patients and families in relation to treatment plans and to achieve a shared goal. You’ll learn to use these tools to analyse practical moral problems in medical and healthcare ethics. Topics covered typically include: consequentialism; deontology; virtue ethics; the ethics of care; principlism; autonomy and paternalism; the ethical foundations of consent; confidentiality and truth-telling. Principles of Medical Law (30 credits, Semester 1) Developing your knowledge of the key principles, cases and statutes in medical law, you’ll learn to critique aspects of medical law and apply your knowledge of the law to practices in medicine and healthcare. Topics covered typically include: introduction to law; use of cases and statutes; law and consent; capacity; professional negligence; mental health law; confidentiality and the law; the relationship between law and morality; adolescent competence, parental responsibility and child decision-making; and human rights.

Life, Death and the Human Body (30 credits, Semester 2) Ranging from abortion and regulation of reproduction to selective reproduction, euthanasia and living organ donation, this module focuses on the often controversial issues surrounding the moral and legal status of humans and human bodies. You will consider the legal and ethical implications for a broad range of issues in healthcare and medicine: interventions at birth and end-of-life, as well as modifications to the human body. Additional indicative topics include advance decisions, terminal sedation, suicide and mental health, court-ordered caesarean section, gender dysphoria, disability and transgender persons.

Medical Ethics and Law Dissertation (60 credits, studied throughout the course) The production of a 15,000 to 20,000-word dissertation provides an exciting opportunity to work under the supervision of an expert in your chosen field of interest, demonstrating a level of knowledge and understanding far beyond what you have learned in class. You’ll be supported to develop the research skills needed to conduct an extended piece of work on a topic of your choice, analysing existing relevant research. While your dissertation must relate to an issue within the broad area of health care law or ethics, you can choose your own topic to reflect your personal or professional interest. Some students start the course with a clear idea about what they want to write about – often an ethical issue from within their own practice – but others find and develop particular interests as the course progresses. Examples of recent dissertation topics which reflect the breadth of the subject include saviour siblings; female genital mutilation versus female genital cosmetic surgery; conversion therapy; AI and robotic surgery; resources and GP virtual consultations; and social media solicitation for organ donation.

Optional modules

Healthcare, Justice and Societ y (30 credits, Semester 2) The ethical and legal implications for healthcare practice extend much further than the practitioners and patients themselves, with ramifications for wider society given the breadth and scope of healthcare services. The aim of this module is to deepen your knowledge and understanding of some of the broader legal obligations in healthcare, including international law and the criminal regulation of medicine. You will consider the moral issues that can arise, for example, in allocating healthcare resources without discrimination for children, young people and adults, not just in hospital settings, but also across secure and detained settings, such as prisons and immigration removal centres. Course content is responsive to contemporary issues, but additional topics may include biomedical research, bio-banking, stem cell policy, conscientious objection in healthcare, psychopathy, criminal transmission of HIV, vaccination policy, pandemic management, and infanticide.

Entry requirements

Intercalating Medical Students We welcome applications from undergraduate medical students who have the option to take an intercalated year. To take the MA in Medical Ethics and Law as an intercalated year, you must normally have completed the fourth year of a medical degree. To ensure the course is completed within one year, you must study the MA in Medical Ethics and Law as a full time student.

The following section details our typical entry requirements for this course for a range of UK and international qualifications. If you don't see your qualifications listed, please contact us to find out if we can accept your qualifications.

Typical offer

Please ensure that you read the full entry requirements by selecting your qualifications from the dropdown menu below. This will include any subject specific, GCSE/Level 2 Maths, and English language requirements you may need.

Please select your country from the drop-down list below for the full entry requirement information

2:2 degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

You will also need: an English language qualification (see below)

60% in a 4-year degree or 3-year degree with a 2-year Master's in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject from a public university or CGPA 2.8 in a 4-year degree or 3-year degree with a 2-year Master's in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject from a private university or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

We don’t accept degrees from certain universities, please see our Bangladesh Country Page for more information

70% or C or a GPA of 2.5 in a degree (Ordinary or Honours) in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

70% in a degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or 65% in a degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject from a '211' university or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

Second class degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

55% or CGPA 6/10 in a degree of at least 3 years in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

60% / 2.4 in a 4-year Bachelor's degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities, or social sciences subject or 65% / CGPA 2.8 in a 3-year Bachelor's degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities, or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

We accept a range of qualifications from Pakistan. Please visit our Pakistan Country Page for more information

or we will consider demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

You will also need an English language qualification (see below)

South Africa

Second class division 2 / 60% in a Bachelor's degree with Honours in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities, or social sciences subject or Second class division 1 / 70% in an Ordinary Bachelor's degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities, or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

55% in a Special Bachelor's degree in a health, psychology, sociology, humanities or social sciences subject or demonstrated relevant professional qualifications or experience

English language requirements

All of our courses require an English language qualification or test. For most students, this requirement can be met with a 4 or C in GCSE English. Please see our English Language guidance pages for further details, including English language test information for international students. For those students who require an English language test, this course requires a test from Group B .

Normally, you will need to provide at least one academic reference to support your application unless you have been out of study longer than two years. If it has been more than two years since you last studied on a degree-level programme, you will normally need to provide an employment reference instead. For more information about Academic References, please see our Postgraduate how to apply web pages .

Personal Statement/Statement of Purpose

Please see our Postgraduate how to apply web pages for guidance on what to include in your personal statement.

Recognition of Prior Learning

The Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) is a process which enables applicants to receive recognition and formal credit for learning acquired in the past through formal study or work and life experiences.

RPL can also be requested for admission onto the start of a programme in lieu of the admission requirements. For more information, see our Recognition of Prior Learning web pages .

Professional qualifications and work experience

The majority of our courses will consider relevant work experience and/or professional qualifications at the appropriate level, as an alternative to an undergraduate degree for entry. The work experience should be for a sustained period and at a suitable level, based within a relevant sector to your chosen course.

Admissions staff will review your work experience and/or professional qualifications during the assessment of your application to ensure suitability in terms of relevancy, level and appropriate learning outcomes.

General information

The entry grades outlined in this section indicate the typical offer which would be made to candidates, along with any subject specific requirements. This is for general information only. Keele University reserves the right to vary offer conditions depending upon a candidate's application.

Living costs

Keele University is located on a beautiful campus and has all the facilities of a small town. Student accommodation, shops, restaurants and cafes are all within walking distance of the teaching buildings. This is a very cost effective way to live and to reduce your living costs.

Please note, if your course offers a January start date, the January 2024 start date falls in the 2023/24 academic year. Please see the 2023/24 academic year fees for the relevant fees for starting this course in January 2024.

Planning your funding

It's important to plan carefully for your funding before you start your course. Please be aware that not all postgraduate courses and not all students are eligible for the UK government postgraduate loans and, in some cases, you would be expected to source alternative funding yourself. If you need support researching your funding options, please contact our Financial Support Team.

Scholarships

We are committed to rewarding excellence and potential. Please visit our  bursaries and scholarships  webpages for more information. 

For continuing students, fees will increase annually by RPIX, with a maximum cap of 5% per year.

Your career

This exciting, interdisciplinary course allows you to pursue your ethical and legal interests – for personal or professional reasons – exploring the ethical dilemmas facing healthcare professionals and administrators on a daily basis and delving beyond the ‘soundbite’ rhetoric of media headlines. In addition to the specialist knowledge you’ll gain, you’ll develop a range of essential transferable skills in analysis, critical thinking, problem-solving and communications. This can broaden your career options in a wide variety of roles in medical, legal and ethical fields, ranging from clinical or medical practice to policy-making, teaching or research. For those working in healthcare or related fields, it can build your confidence in handling workplace decisions that have ethical implications, enhancing your knowledge, skills and practice in developing and delivering end-of-life care strategies. It will be especially beneficial if you are, for example, seeking to obtain a position on an ethics committee or direct your career towards strategy development, risk management, research or work in medical defence. Many of our working students study this course out of interest and with a desire to gain specialist knowledge and skills to help them progress within their existing careers. For example, previous students have included junior doctors seeking to become consultants, or bioscience graduates keen to demonstrate their commitment and engagement in pursuit of a medical career, or lawyers seeking to expand their practice in a specific area. The specialist research skills you learn also provide a strong foundation for pursuing further study at doctoral level for those interested in doing so.

Positions may include:

  • Hospice director
  • Newspaper journalist
  • Philosopher
  • Policy officer
  • Social worker

Teaching, learning and assessment

How you'll be taught.

Run by the School of Law at Keele University, this course is taught by a team of ethicists and legal academics who are both active researchers and experienced in delivering postgraduate medical ethics education. Interactive and practical teaching methods include lectures, seminars, group work and case studies. Ethics is not a spectator sport and you’ll be encouraged to engage in discussion and debate from the outset. From time to time, experts from outside Keele may be invited to speak on the course, providing alternative academic and professional perspectives. Past speakers have included, for example, the CEO of St Giles Hospice, as well as distinguished graduates of the course, such as Dr Joe Brierley, Consultant in paediatric and neonatal intensive care, and Director of the Paediatric Bioethics Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London. Students frequently tell us that what they value most from this course is being exposed to a huge range of contrasting viewpoints, meeting and exchanging ideas with peers who work in different fields and sectors in other parts of the country, sometimes the world. Teaching takes place in three-day blocks and we often organise an informal meal during the first block so you can get to know your staff and fellow students. You are welcome to come to Keele between blocks to meet with your academic mentor or supervisor, attend talks by visiting speakers, and use other university facilities, though you can keep in touch via email, phone or videoconferencing if you live further away. As part of the course, you will receive lots of academic training and support, for example, in how to write essays and construct arguments in ethical issues. On the Moral Theory and Medical Ethics module, you’ll be introduced to the norms and conventions of academic argument and writing in applied ethics, while the Principles of Medical Law module covers writing law essays, preparing legal arguments and referencing. You will be allocated an academic mentor, who can provide pastoral and academic support. You also have the option of 1:1 appointments with learning development advisors.

Teaching schedule

The 2024 in-person teaching schedule for the taught modules is outlined below. Please note, we reserve the right to changes these dates in exceptional circumstances.

Outside of the taught elements, you will be able to consult with supervisors and will have access to the University’s learning and teaching facilities, and support services. 

Induction day

  • Tuesday 1 October 2024.
  • Moral Theory and Medical Ethics: Wednesday 2 - Friday 4 October 2024. 
  • Principles of Medical Law:  Wednesday 27 - Friday 29 November 2024.
  • Life, Death and the Human Body:  Wednesday 29 - Friday 30 January 2025.
  • Dissertation: Monday 14 October 2024 and Tuesday 25 March 2025.
  • Healthcare, Justice and Society:  Wednesday 26 - Friday 28 March 2025.

How you’ll be assessed

There are no exams on this course. Instead, at the end of each module, you will be required to write a 5,000-word essay, as well as your final dissertation. For each module, you will have a choice of questions reflecting the topics covered in the teaching. You will receive feedback on your essay during the subsequent teaching block, enabling continuous improvement over the duration of the course.

Keele Postgraduate Association

Keele University is one of a handful of universities in the UK to have a dedicated students' union for postgraduate students. A fully registered charity, Keele Postgraduate Association serves as a focal point for the social life and welfare needs of all postgraduate students during their time at Keele.

KPA interior

Hugely popular, the KPA Clubhouse (near Horwood Hall) provides a dedicated postgraduate social space and bar on campus, where you can grab a bite to eat and drink, sit quietly and read a book, or switch off from academic life at one of the many regular events organised throughout the year. The KPA also helps to host a variety of conferences, as well as other academic and career sessions, to give you and your fellow postgraduates the opportunities to come together to discuss your research, and develop your skills and networks.

Our expertise

Teaching staff.

For 35 years, Keele School of Law has been at the forefront of medical ethics and law education, having first delivered the MA in Medical Ethics and Law back in 1987, followed shortly by the MA Medical Ethics and Palliative Care. You’ll be taught by staff with a broad range of expertise in the distinct disciplines of philosophy and law.

Teaching team includes:

Dr Kevin De Sabbata , Lecturer in Law with research interests in healthcare law and ethics, mental health law, global health law, and disability rights.

Dr Jonathan Hughes , Senior Lecturer in Ethics – a philosopher with research interests in the ethics relating to conscientious objection in healthcare, autism and neurodiversity, resource allocation, risk and the precautionary principle, end of life issues.

Dr Abigail Pearson , Lecturer in Law with research interests in disability, equality, human rights and legal education.

Dr Laura Pritchard-Jones , Senior Lecturer in Law with research interests in mental disability law, adult safeguarding, and the legal framework around social care provision for adults.

Dr Sotirios Santatzoglou , Lecturer in Law with interests in medical negligence and end-of-life criminal law.

Professor Anthony Wrigley , Professor of Ethics – a philosopher whose research focuses on ethical and policy issues, including new genetic and reproductive technologies, consent for those who have lost capacity, and end-of-life care.

Dr Dunja Begović, Lecturer in Medical Law and Ethics - Research interests include ethico-legal aspects of reproduction and the end of life.

With a critical and inter-disciplinary approach to law and social justice, the School of Law is an internationally recognised centre for legal research with a longstanding tradition of excellence in moral philosophy, applied ethics, doctrinal, and socio-legal scholarship. Supported by a specialist Law Librarian, the Law library in the main University library has an extensive range of electronic resources and online legal databases, and stocks a range of law journals, professional resources, case reports, statutes, text books and research monographs. You’ll have access to copies of core texts within the School. Based in the main Chancellor’s Building, right at the heart of campus, we offer a range of additional student learning resources and facilities. This includes our Moot Room, a model courtroom used for extra-curricular mooting activities, and a refurbished room dedicated for postgraduate taught students on the second floor. Equipped with networked pcs, an adjustable workstation and a meeting table, it’s great place to continue your discussions or chat between classes.

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Home » Blog » Dissertation » Topics » Law » Medical Law and Ethics » 80 Medical Law and Ethics Research Topics

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80 Medical Law and Ethics Research Topics

FacebookXEmailWhatsAppRedditPinterestLinkedInFor students embarking on the arduous academic research journey, the quest for compelling and thought-provoking topics is akin to setting sail in uncharted waters. As the tides of academia ebb and flow, selecting suitable research topics becomes ever more critical, particularly in Medical Law and Ethics. Whether you are an aspiring undergraduate, a seasoned master’s […]

Medical Law Research Topics

For students embarking on the arduous academic research journey, the quest for compelling and thought-provoking topics is akin to setting sail in uncharted waters. As the tides of academia ebb and flow, selecting suitable research topics becomes ever more critical, particularly in Medical Law and Ethics. Whether you are an aspiring undergraduate, a seasoned master’s candidate, or a doctoral scholar poised on the precipice of discovery, the world of medical law and ethics research topics awaits your exploration. This blog post will guide you through the possibilities, offering a treasure trove of ideas to fuel your thesis or dissertation journey. The path to scholarly excellence begins with carefully selecting research topics, and we’re here to light the way.

Medical Law and Ethics, often referred to as “Healthcare Law and Ethics,” “Medical Ethics,” and “Bioethical Regulations.”, constitute an interdisciplinary field that scrutinizes the intricate relationship between medicine, law, and ethical principles. It is the study of legal standards, regulations, and moral dilemmas that permeate the healthcare industry.

A List Of Potential Research Topics In Medical Law and Ethics:

  • Organ transplantation and allocation: a review of ethical dilemmas and policy reforms.
  • Euthanasia and assisted suicide: a comparative review of laws and ethics worldwide.
  • Exploring the rights of minors in medical decision-making and the role of parental consent.
  • Investigating the role of medical ethics in the allocation of NHS resources.
  • Assessing the ethical considerations of pediatric medical research and child assent.
  • Exploring the legal challenges surrounding genetic testing and discrimination in healthcare.
  • Investigating the legal and ethical dimensions of medical cannabis and marijuana use.
  • Analyzing the ethical challenges of fetal surgery and prenatal interventions.
  • Advance directives and end-of-life decision-making: a review of legal and ethical perspectives.
  • Medical tourism: A review of patient rights, quality of care, and legal remedies.
  • Assessing the ethics of human challenge trials in vaccine development.
  • Analyzing the legal and ethical dimensions of medical tourism advertising and marketing.
  • Assessing the ethical challenges of genome sequencing in newborn screening.
  • Investigating the role of data privacy in contact tracing and public health surveillance.
  • Analyzing the legal and ethical implications of human cloning and reproductive cloning.
  • Investigating the legal and ethical aspects of Mental Capacity Act assessments.
  • Analyzing the legal frameworks for euthanasia and physician-assisted death.
  • Investigating the legal and ethical aspects of non-disclosure agreements in medical malpractice cases.
  • Ethical considerations in global health: a review of healthcare equity, access, and responsibility.
  • Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on medical malpractice lawsuits and liability.
  • Analyzing the legal frameworks for organ donation and transplantation in the UK.
  • Informed consent in medical research and microfinance : Ethical considerations and legal frameworks.
  • Patient confidentiality in healthcare and business law: Balancing legal obligations
  • Analyzing the legal and ethical dimensions of assisted dying legislation in the UK.
  • Telemedicine and telehealth: a review of legal and ethical implications in modern healthcare.
  • Assessing the ethical considerations of “Vaccine passports” and digital health certificates.
  • Exploring the role of medical ethics in end-of-life care decision-making in the UK.
  • Healthcare resource allocation in a pandemic: a review of ethical frameworks and case studies.
  • Examining the impact of Brexit on cross-border healthcare in the UK.
  • Examining the impact of pandemic-related emergency powers on civil liberties and medical ethics.
  • Analyzing the impact of religious beliefs on medical decision-making and patient autonomy.
  • Evaluating the legal and ethical implications of AI and machine learning in medical decision-making.
  • A critical review of the ethical implications of gene editing and designer babies.
  • Assessing the ethical considerations of genetic privacy and genetic discrimination.
  • Assessing the ethical considerations of mandatory vaccination policies.
  • Examining the impact of AI-powered chatbots in patient communication and informed consent.
  • Exploring the rights and responsibilities of healthcare providers in the age of medical AI.
  • Exploring the role of ethics committees in hospital decision-making.
  • Exploring the role of medical ethics in resource-scarce environments and global health.
  • Medical data privacy and security: a review of regulatory frameworks and emerging technologies.
  • Analyzing the ethical challenges of resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Medical research ethics: a review of contemporary debates in human subjects protection.
  • Assessing the legal and ethical implications of human enhancement technologies in medicine.
  • Pharmaceutical industry ethics: a review of drug pricing, marketing, and clinical trials.
  • Investigating the role of artificial intelligence in medical diagnostics and treatment recommendations.
  • Assessing the ethical considerations of human microbiome research and manipulation.
  • Examining the legal frameworks for organ transplant allocation and its ethical implications.
  • Examining the legal and ethical aspects of drug testing in athletics and sports medicine.
  • Assessing the legal and ethical challenges of medical tourism.
  • Examining the impact of data privacy laws on medical data sharing and research.
  • Examining the role of ethics consultation services in healthcare institutions.
  • The role of artificial intelligence in medical diagnostics: a review of legal and ethical challenges.
  • Examining the role of ethical guidelines in resource allocation during healthcare crises.
  • Assessing the ethics of organ trafficking and organ trade.
  • Analyzing the legal and ethical dimensions of COVID-19 treatment rationing.
  • Analyzing the impact of telemedicine on patient privacy and informed consent in medical practice.
  • Investigating the legal and ethical issues surrounding access to experimental treatments.
  • Assessing the ethics of covid-19 vaccination policies in the UK.
  • Patient confidentiality in healthcare and business law : Balancing legal obligations.
  • A comprehensive review of informed consent in medical research: recent developments and ethical challenges.
  • Investigating the role of medical ethics committees in resolving end-of-life dilemmas.
  • Analyzing the legal and ethical implications of physician-patient confidentiality in the digital age.
  • Medical malpractice lawsuits: a review of recent cases and trends in legal liability.
  • Assessing the ethics of vaccine distribution equity during the COVID-19 crisis.
  • Assessing the impact of medical error disclosure and apology laws on patient outcomes.
  • Investigating the legal and ethical aspects of mental health care and involuntary commitment.
  • The role of medical ethics committees: a review of their effectiveness and decision-making processes.
  • Analyzing the legal and ethical implications of medical malpractice insurance.
  • Analyzing the role of informed consent in medical experiments and clinical trials.
  • Exploring the legal and ethical aspects of telehealth regulation post-covid-19.
  • Analyzing the legal frameworks for assisted reproductive technologies and surrogacy.
  • Disability rights and healthcare: a review of legal protections and ethical considerations.
  • Medical ethics and environmental health: a review of ethical considerations in addressing climate change and health equity.
  • Exploring the intersection of medical ethics and environmental health concerns.
  • Examining the impact of medical negligence laws on healthcare quality and accountability.
  • Legal and ethical issues in pediatric healthcare: a review of current debates and policies.
  • Investigating the rights of healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19.
  • Investigating the rights and protections of medical whistleblowers.
  • Analyzing the ethical and legal dimensions of medical research involving vulnerable populations.
  • Exploring the legal and ethical issues surrounding end-of-life care for minors.

In the ever-evolving healthcare landscape, the significance of research topics in Medical Law and Ethics cannot be overstated. For undergraduates, these topics serve as the foundation for exploring ethical quandaries and legal intricacies. Masters candidates delve deeper, contributing to the discourse, while doctoral scholars blaze new trails of knowledge. Remember, your journey starts with a well-chosen research topic. As you embark on this scholarly voyage, may your inquiries be incisive, your insights profound, and your contributions to Medical Law and Ethics genuinely remarkable. Happy researching!

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Dissertation Topics in Law for LLM Students

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  • May 9, 2023

Dissertation Topics in Law for LLM Students-03 (1)

The last academic challenge before the completion of your postgraduate degree is a dissertation or thesis. Many students pursuing LLM are often confused while deciding the correct topic for the dissertation as it requires a lot of research. To help you with the dissertation this blog contains ideal law dissertation topics for LLM in India. Keep reading to know more!

This Blog Includes:

How to choose the best dissertation topic, advantages of choosing a good dissertation topic, criminal law dissertation topics, international law dissertation topics, family law dissertation topics, employment law dissertation topics, international commercial law dissertation topics, law dissertation topics india, intellectual property law topics in dissertation, constitutional law topics in dissertation, sports law topics in dissertation, medical law topics in dissertation, commercial law dissertation topics, company law dissertation topics, tort law dissertation topics, eu law dissertation topics, the english legal system and constitutional and administrative law dissertation topics.

A lot of research and hard work is required to decide what is a correct and valuable topic for the dissertation or thesis. It is seen in various students that before graduation the dissertation is the last hurdle in the way. It is advised to pursue a topic after valuable research and most importantly that goes with the student’s interests.

Also Read: Dissertation Topics

There are an array of benefits when you choose a good and valuable dissertation topic. These advantages include:

  • This helps you in the analysis of the topic and deep research.
  • Present you with a program to enhance your investigative skills.
  • In explaining your subject option, you should be prepared to show how your previous research experiences ended up with great knowledge. 
  • You can find a degree of education useful for postgraduate research.

Also Read: Law Entrance Exams: India & Abroad

Criminal law is the body of law regulating crime and criminal activities in India. This proves to be an important topic and is interesting as well. Some of the criminal law dissertation topics are:

  • A Significant Study of Struggle against Girls in India
  • Case Debate on business trial in India
  • An Analysis on Terrorism and Lawlessness Against Infants in India
  • A survey on Legislation against private terrorism in India
  • Significant Evaluation Of Death Cost In India
  • An Analysis of Juvenile Justice System and Order in India
  • The appearance of the group is in the criminal law process
  • The Root Elements of the Infant Mergers
  • White-Collar Crime Law in India
  • Criminology and Criminal Justice

Also Read: How to Write a Dissertation?

International law dissertation is another amazing topic where you can add your relevant thoughts. Some of the unique international law dissertation topics are:

  • What are the significant aspects of collective civil obligations in now’s global order?
  • What are the causes that cause application of foreign order at the state standard also complex?
  • Figure out the very important issues encountered by establishing universal rules.
  • What are the effects of accelerated market restraints on people? Can such a thing be explained?
  • What are global challenges encountered by international businessmen, when installing service projects in third group societies?
  • What are the effects of letting offenders continue to their native land for action?
  • How seeing abuse as a foreign war case will change the position of African people?
  • What are the important challenges encountered by companies that are coming in the global travel industry from the ocean.
  • What universal rules regulate copy? How should this case be corrected?
  • Which governmental law of the UK is sufficiently sufficient to be carried out universally?

Also Read: What is a Dissertation? Meaning, Projects, Report Work

Some of the most important and unique family law dissertation topics are:

  • Separation case for father and female representatives of the group, makes it favour any particular gender or is it merely a sense
  • Matrimonial Act and how it affects women who join without their permission. What is the attitude of decisions about made mergers and how can one explain it in the court of decision
  • Residential part by stepmothers and offspring, how goes on the case provide everybody has their got right and place
  • Youth insurance problems in the unified kingdom, which of the state shows to have very trouble with such arguments and why is it so
  • Adolescent abuse-is it important to discipline your children and youths? What is the perimeter between youth abuse and correcting your children for setting their limits
  • Internal disorder and its effect on the boy and female representatives personally, which of them picks up a greater claim in the mind of order and how can we get rid of that biasness
  • Protection problems for separated mothers, how goes on it go and what goes on the statute have to do about the protection of the child for each mother
  • How looks at the proper form thing if a man is incapable to provide and provide his house owing to lack or scarcity of means
  • Long-distance communications and their fair significance cut off from the spiritual and artistic attitudes
  • Minor job- what are we looking at to abolish it and how goes on our constitutional process set limits and provide that they are found

Employment law dissertation enables you to craft perfect research on your thesis or dissertation. Some of the employment law dissertation topics are:

  • The link between trade and morality in the UK. An academic context.
  • A study of the relationship between sports departments and their service contracts.
  • The effect of variation in the business decisions of the UK after starting the EU.
  • The task of infant employment regulations in the UK. How does the judiciary remain fighting developing youth employment?
  • The influence of civil responsibility service in UK regulations.
  • A study of the market association in the UK study of the business requirements and principles.
  • A provisional review of business decisions in the station waggon part of the UK and EU. Who gets the first job benefit and rights insurance systems?
  • An in-depth study of justice fees in the validities of UK legislation.

Some of the international commercial law dissertations you can choose from are:

  • An assessment of the enemy-pollution bill in the UK. Its origins and effects on the state leaders.
  • A strategic study of the joint cloak and how the decision can pass through it.
  • The performance of UK legislation in affecting joint difficulties while preserving major human rights.
  • A symposium on the differences enveloping the purview of field 33 groups do 2006 in the UK
  • The effects of setting reasonable requirements for the principal’s needs. How does the organisation do well under this?
  • An in-depth assessment of economic regulation programs at attending institutions in the UK.
  • The effect of UNCITRAL’s performance on the unification of universal economic legislation in the UK.

Also Read: How to Write Acknowledgement for Dissertation?

Some of the Indian legal topics you can choose for your dissertation are:

  • Handgun Case in India: Provision of a Different Structure
  •  Animal investigation: Order in India
  • Wire advertising and constitutional structure
  •  Joint Civil Power and change
  • Moral Orders and Cases in producing societies
  • Men Investigations and Indian constitutional practice
  •  Improvement of infants and proper conflict

Some of the catchy and interesting dissertation topics that you can choose as a dissertation topic for law assignment:

  • Scientific advances and present IP rule in India
  • IP rules and the safety of/on Internet
  •  New patent statutes and digitalisation

Also Read: University of Law: Eligibility, Application, Courses & More

Here are some of the finest dissertation or thesis topics for constitutional law dissertation topics are:

  • Accident plans in India: A study
  • Legal exploitation and its interest: An assessment
  • Application of International Cases in Indian Legal Structure
  • Able expression in virtual life and Indian Custom

Also Read: Dissertation vs Thesis

A constantly fascinating subject, sports provides a large range of fields and issues to judge from to create your analysis report. It can deal with universal order, national order, carrying out parties, power, and often better.

Here are some of the finest dissertation (thesis)points on Sports law:

  • Doping and Sports: National and International fair innuendo
  • Legalisation of speculating in India: Law and Cons
  • Handling sports organisations and their constitutional ramifications
  • Transgender animals and Indian Custom

Medical law dissertation is another great topic you can choose from, some of the medical law dissertation topics are:

  • Member retention: Fair experts and cons
  • Miscarriage in India: A global review
  • Made fertilisation: Provision of primary training to find out these matters
  • Supported suicide: Fair, honest and therapeutic ethics
  • Animal torture: A fair claim research

Also Read: Law Courses

Commercial Law is one such topic where a wide area of study is to be covered because it cannot be described within a single legal jurisdiction. A commercial law dissertation often involves comparisons with other countries. Listed below are some topics for Commercial Law Dissertation:

  • A critical assessment of the international commercial arbitration system as a cost-effective and efficient means to administer justice in commercial disputes
  • An assessment of security over personal property when it comes to the matter of possessory and non-possessory forms of security and other legal devices
  • An investigation of the emergence of new manifestations of international commercial law
  • A critical assessment of the passing of risk in the commercial law in England and Wales
  • A critical assessment of the Future of consumer protection in England and Wales in the post-Brexit era

There is a great scope of producing an effective Company Law Dissertation as it provides you with potential sources. From the Companies Act 2006 to corporate governance, you have a lot of options to choose from. Listed below are some great Company Law Dissertation Topics:

  • A critical analysis of the shareholder versus stakeholder basis of corporate governance
  • Arguments for and against ‘stakeholder theory’ and to what extent are they still valid?
  • Should the OECD’s Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital 2010 be ratified into UK Law?
  • To what extent has Environmental Law merged together Vicarious and Corporate Liability
  • Is the English maintenance of the “internal management” model failing to bring company law in the 21st Century?

The word Tort comes from the Latin term torture which means “Wrong”. In simple terms, Tort Law is supposed to address the civil wrongs done to a person, accidentally or incidentally. The victim/injured/aggrieved party is provided with compensation for the damages.

This area of law is one of the most important aspects of law study as it demonstrates the circumstances through which an individual is held accountable for another party’s injury either done intentionally or omissions or even by accident. Listed below are some topics for a Tort Law Dissertation to make it easier for you to draft an effective dissertation:

  • Importance of foreseeability and policy in establishing a duty of care
  • Analysis of the rules regarding the recovery of economic losses in tortious actions
  • When it comes to matters of occupiers’ liability under the Occupiers Liability Acts of 1957 and 1984 respectively, when is a trespasser, not a trespasser?
  • Wrongful Restraint of a man’s Liberty: Meaning, Defense and Remedy
  • Why might the duty of care afforded to children be considered to be a step too far regarding the recognition of tortious liability?

Also Read: All About PhD Thesis

EU Law is considered as an expandable area of academic interest, particularly due to the UK’s recent Brexit from the Union. There is a wide range of dissertation topics you can consider for an EU Law Dissertation, from UK’s Brexit to the superiority of EU Law. Listed below are some great dissertation topics to start with your EU Law Dissertation:

  • Critical Analysis of the UK’s Separation from the EU.
  • Brexit and EU economy: How the UK’s decision has affected EU trade.
  • An argument: Is EU Law actually superior?
  • Importance of the enforcement actions against EU Member States as part of the European law-making process.
  • How has the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 contributed to the recognition of human rights internationally?

The English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law may be classified into 3 key areas-

  • The nature of the Constitution may be considered in areas including, but not limited to, the recognition and application of conventions and the rule of law. 
  • Evaluation of the roles of the legislature, executive and parliament in the context of the recognition of the separation of powers, which could include legislation’s passage through Parliament, the delegation of legislation, the relationship between Parliament, the crown and the Royal Prerogative, and the executive, legislative and judiciary’s relationship.
  • Judicial Review includes the basis for intervention, such as ultra vires and illegality, procedural irregularity, irrationality, proportionality, and the nemo judex rule.

A number of areas can be covered in this dissertation as the English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law is quite different from other legal systems as the role of the judge differs in an adversarial system. The major difference is in how a trial is pursued. Some topics for an English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law Dissertation are as mentioned below:

  • The Role of natural justice  in the UK Constitution
  • Are conventions still a valid part of the UK Constitution?
  • Is the Royal Prerogative an essential part of the British Constitution?
  • Are the current models of statutory interpretation fit for purpose, especially as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) infer a more active approach for judges?
  • In what ways will the relationship between constitutional and administrative law in England and Wales be affected by Brexit?

The following are the popular law universities in the world: Harvard University Columbia University Stanford University

Here are some of the finest dissertation or thesis topics for constitutional law dissertation topics are: Accident plans in India: A study Legal exploitation and its interest: An assessment Application of International Cases in the Indian Legal Structure Able expression in virtual life and Indian Custom

The average salary of a lawyer in India is 3.5 Lakh per year.

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Guest Essay

In Medicine, the Morally Unthinkable Too Easily Comes to Seem Normal

A photograph of two forceps, placed handle to tip against each other.

By Carl Elliott

Dr. Elliott teaches medical ethics at the University of Minnesota. He is the author of the forthcoming book “The Occasional Human Sacrifice: Medical Experimentation and the Price of Saying No,” from which this essay is adapted.

Here is the way I remember it: The year is 1985, and a few medical students are gathered around an operating table where an anesthetized woman has been prepared for surgery. The attending physician, a gynecologist, asks the group: “Has everyone felt a cervix? Here’s your chance.” One after another, we take turns inserting two gloved fingers into the unconscious woman’s vagina.

Had the woman consented to a pelvic exam? Did she understand that when the lights went dim she would be treated like a clinical practice dummy, her genitalia palpated by a succession of untrained hands? I don’t know. Like most medical students, I just did as I was told.

Last month the Department of Health and Human Services issued new guidance requiring written informed consent for pelvic exams and other intimate procedures performed under anesthesia. Much of the force behind the new requirement came from distressed medical students who saw these pelvic exams as wrong and summoned the courage to speak out.

Whether the guidance will actually change clinical practice I don’t know. Medical traditions are notoriously difficult to uproot, and academic medicine does not easily tolerate ethical dissent. I doubt the medical profession can be trusted to reform itself.

What is it that leads a rare individual to say no to practices that are deceptive, exploitative or harmful when everyone else thinks they are fine? For a long time I assumed that saying no was mainly an issue of moral courage. The relevant question was: If you are a witness to wrongdoing, will you be brave enough to speak out?

But then I started talking to insiders who had blown the whistle on abusive medical research. Soon I realized that I had overlooked the importance of moral perception. Before you decide to speak out about wrongdoing, you have to recognize it for what it is.

This is not as simple as it seems. Part of what makes medical training so unsettling is how often you are thrust into situations in which you don’t really know how to behave. Nothing in your life up to that point has prepared you to dissect a cadaver, perform a rectal exam or deliver a baby. Never before have you seen a psychotic patient involuntarily sedated and strapped to a bed or a brain-dead body wheeled out of a hospital room to have its organs harvested for transplantation. Your initial reaction is often a combination of revulsion, anxiety and self-consciousness.

To embark on a career in medicine is like moving to a foreign country where you do not understand the customs, rituals, manners or language. Your main concern on arrival is how to fit in and avoid causing offense. This is true even if the local customs seem backward or cruel. What’s more, this particular country has an authoritarian government and a rigid status hierarchy where dissent is not just discouraged but also punished. Living happily in this country requires convincing yourself that whatever discomfort you feel comes from your own ignorance and lack of experience. Over time, you learn how to assimilate. You may even come to laugh at how naïve you were when you first arrived.

A rare few people hang onto that discomfort and learn from it. When Michael Wilkins and William Bronston started working at the Willowbrook State School in Staten Island as young doctors in the early 1970s, they found thousands of mentally disabled children condemned to the most horrific conditions imaginable: naked children rocking and moaning on concrete floors in puddles of their own urine; an overpowering stench of illness and filth; a research unit where children were deliberately infected with hepatitis A and B.

“It was truly an American concentration camp,” Dr. Bronston told me. Yet when he and Dr. Wilkins tried to enlist Willowbrook doctors and nurses to reform the institution, they were met with indifference or hostility. It seemed as if no one else on the medical staff could see what they saw. It was only when Dr. Wilkins went to a reporter and showed the world what was happening behind the Willowbrook walls that anything began to change.

When I asked Dr. Bronston how it was possible for doctors and nurses to work at Willowbrook without seeing it as a crime scene, he told me it began with the way the institution was structured and organized. “Medically secured, medically managed, doctor-validated,” he said. Medical professionals just accommodated themselves to the status quo. “You get with the program because that’s what you’re being hired to do,” he said.

One of the great mysteries of human behavior is how institutions create social worlds where unthinkable practices come to seem normal. This is as true of academic medical centers as it is of prisons and military units. When we are told about a horrific medical research scandal, we assume that we would see it just as the whistle-blower Peter Buxtun saw the Tuskegee syphilis study : an abuse so shocking that only a sociopath could fail to perceive it.

Yet it rarely happens this way. It took Mr. Buxtun seven years to convince others to see the abuses for what they were. It has taken other whistle-blowers even longer. Even when the outside world condemns a practice, medical institutions typically insist that the outsiders don’t really understand.

According to Irving Janis, a Yale psychologist who popularized the notion of groupthink, the forces of social conformity are especially powerful in organizations that are driven by a deep sense of moral purpose. If the aims of the organization are righteous, its members feel, it is wrong to put barriers in the way.

This observation helps explain why academic medicine not only defends researchers accused of wrongdoing but also sometimes rewards them. Many of the researchers responsible for the most notorious abuses in recent medical history — the Tuskegee syphilis study, the Willowbrook hepatitis studies, the Cincinnati radiation studies , the Holmesburg prison studies — were celebrated with professional accolades even after the abuses were first called out.

The culture of medicine is notoriously resistant to change. During the 1970s, it was thought that the solution to medical misconduct was formal education in ethics. Major academic medical centers began establishing bioethics centers and programs throughout the 1980s and ’90s, and today virtually every medical school in the country requires ethics training.

Yet it is debatable whether that training has had any effect. Many of the most egregious ethical abuses in recent decades have taken place in medical centers with prominent bioethics programs, such as the University of Pennsylvania , Duke University , Columbia University and Johns Hopkins University , as well as my own institution, the University of Minnesota .

One could be forgiven for concluding that the only way the culture of medicine will change is if changes are forced on it from the outside — by oversight bodies, legislators or litigators. For example, many states have responded to the controversy over pelvic exams by passing laws banning the practice unless the patient has explicitly given consent.

You may find it hard to understand how pelvic exams on unconscious women without their consent could seem like anything but a terrible invasion. Yet a central aim of medical training is to transform your sensibility. You are taught to steel yourself against your natural emotional reactions to death and disfigurement; to set aside your customary views about privacy and shame; to see the human body as a thing to be examined, tested and studied.

One danger of this transformation is that you will see your colleagues and superiors do horrible things and be afraid to speak up. But the more subtle danger is that you will no longer see what they are doing as horrible. You will just think: This is the way it is done.

Carl Elliott ( @FearLoathingBTX ) teaches medical ethics at the University of Minnesota. He is the author of the forthcoming book “The Occasional Human Sacrifice: Medical Experimentation and the Price of Saying No,” from which this essay is adapted.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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Students and Faculty Mentors Celebrated at Student Research Day

Student research day scientific poster session, student research day, shelli farhadian, md, phd, and john k. forrest, md, peter aronson, md, c.n.h. long professor of medicine (nephrology) and professor of cellular and molecular physiology.

On May 7, 2024, students and faculty mentors were celebrated at Yale School of Medicine’s (YSM) Student Research Day (SRD), an annual tradition at YSM since 1988. Five medical students (Chinye Ijile, Amanda Lieberman, Kingson Lin, Victoria Marks, and Jamieson O’Marr) made thesis presentations, and over 75 students, from across Yale’s health profession schools, displayed scientific posters and engaged with attendees during the poster session.

“Today we’re showcasing a diverse range of mentored research—spanning from fundamental basic science, to implementation science—performed by student investigators from across the health professions schools,” Associate Dean for Student Research Sarwat Chaudhry, MD, professor of medicine (general medicine), said in opening remarks. Associate Dean for Student Research Erica Herzog, MD, PhD, John Slade Ely Professor of Medicine (pulmonary) and professor of pathology, added, “We take immense pride in Yale’s deep-rooted tradition of embedding research within medical education. For our students, experience in scientific investigation isn't merely a stepping stone towards a successful residency match or a career in academic research; it's foundational training for their lifelong commitment to medicine.”

Farr Lecture

The Lee E. Farr MD Endowed Lectureship and the presentation of the Dr. John N. Forrest, Jr., Mentorship Award, which bookended the student thesis presentations, honored YSM faculty for their outstanding mentorship. In introducing Peter Aronson, MD, C.N.H. Long Professor of Medicine (Nephrology) and professor of cellular and molecular physiology, as the Farr lecturer, Nancy J. Brown, MD, Jean and David W. Wallace Dean and C.N.H. Long Professor of Internal Medicine, explained that the lecture aims to stimulate thinking and to inspire students to strive to achieve more effective leadership and educational roles in society. Brown said that Aronson, who has been at YSM for 50 years since joining as a nephrology fellow in 1974, “epitomizes these qualities as a physician-scientist, educator, mentor, and colleague. As such, there is no one more fitting to speak at today’s event.”

As chief of the Section of Nephrology from 1987-2002, Brown said, Aronson nurtured the development of numerous physician-scientists, both as faculty and fellows, many of whom became recognized leaders—and many of whom remain at Yale and were present on SRD. “It goes without saying” Brown concluded, “that Dr. Aronson’s stewardship is one reason for the enduring strength of Yale’s 200-year tradition of medical student research,” noting he had been part of the tradition for one quarter of the 200 years. (In comments after Aronson spoke, Herzog noted several of his student evaluations simply said GOAT: “Greatest Of All Time.”)

Using his own experiences as examples in his lecture titled From Sugar to Salt to Stones: Serendipitous Journey as Mentee and Mentor, Aronson noted the importance of chance events and serendipitous research findings in determining the course of his academic development and research career. ( This article describes his remarks in detail .) In closing, Aronson honored the late John N. Forrest, Jr., professor emeritus of medicine and the founding director of YSM’s Office of Student Research (OSR). Forrest, he said, “exemplified extraordinary commitment to the process of education and mentorship,” adding “we should all be inspired by his example of what is most gratifying in academic medicine.”

Dr. John N. Forrest, Jr., Mentorship Award

Chaudhry similarly honored John N. Forrest, Jr. in introducing the mentorship award established to recognize his legacy. “As many of you know, Dr. Forrest died earlier this year, and so this year’s Forrest Prize holds special meaning.” OSR “was his pride and joy,” Chaudhry said, adding that since starting their roles as associate deans of student research in 2020, “Dr. Herzog and I have continually been impressed by Dr. Forrest’s care and foresight in establishing the Office of Student Research. Dr. Forrest’s legacy lives on in the enduring strength of YSM’s medical student research program.”

Before Forrest’s son, John K. Forrest, MD, associate professor of medicine (cardiovascular medicine), announced the award recipient— Shelli Farhadian, MD, PhD, assistant professor of medicine (infectious diseases); assistant professor, epidemiology of microbial diseases —he shared, “My family and I are grateful to the numerous people who reached out after our father’s passing. Some of the most touching correspondence we received were from medical students, residents, and fellows whom he had mentored while at Yale. There is no greater evidence of the lasting impact that mentorship plays in the lives of young physicians that the words contained in those letters.”

Turning to the awardee, Forrest said, “Dr. Farhadian is an exemplary mentor,” and pointed to her role “in shaping the careers of her mentees, many of whom have garnered multiple awards and recognition, and published first author manuscripts under her tutelage.”

He then shared what a student wrote about Farhadian: “Dr. Farhadian is such a fantastic mentor and person. As my mentor she encouraged me to apply for grants and submit to conferences and journals and has always made herself available to answer any questions that I have. She also facilitates an environment in which her mentees feel comfortable coming to her with questions and offers help in connecting me with doctors in my fields of interest. Beyond my research with Dr. Farhadian, she has also proved to be an invaluable resource in terms of developing as a student and a future doctor. She is an inspiring woman in medicine, and I hope to become as caring and capable as a doctor and mentor as she models.”

Upon receiving the award, Farhadian said, “It means a great deal for me to receive this award in Dr. Forrest’s name. I was lucky to cross paths with Dr. Forrest when I was an intern, and I will always remember how kind he was to everyone in the hospital, no matter how small their role.” Farhadian added, “I feel very lucky to have had my own exceptional research mentors along the way, and I have tried to emulate them when mentoring my own trainees.”

Student Thesis Presentations

Chinye Ijile

Medicaid Coverage for Undocumented Children in Connecticut: A Political History

Faculty mentor: Naomi Rogers, PhD, professor in the history of medicine and of history; acting chair, Spring 2024, History of Medicine

Amanda Lieberman

Multilevel Barriers to Methadone for HIV Prevention Among People Who Inject Drugs in Kazakhstan

Faculty mentor: Frederick Altice, MD, MA, professor of medicine (infectious diseases) and of epidemiology (microbial diseases)

Kingson Lin, MD-PhD

Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel MGMT-Dependent, MMR-Independent Agents for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)

Faculty mentors: Ranjit Bindra, MD, PhD, Harvey and Kate Cushing Professor of Therapeutic Radiology and professor of pathology; and Seth Herzon, PhD, Milton Harris ’29 Ph.D. Professor of Chemistry

  • Victoria Marks

Association between Medical Insurance, Access to Care, and Clinical Outcomes for Patients with Uveal Melanoma in the United States

Faculty mentor: Michael Leapman, MD, MHS, associate professor of urology; assistant professor, chronic disease epidemiology

Jamieson O’Marr

Ballistic and Explosive Orthopaedic Trauma Epidemiology and Outcomes in a Global Population

Faculty mentor: Brianna Fram, MD, assistant professor of orthopaedics & rehabilitation

Featured in this article

  • Frederick Lewis Altice, MD, MA
  • Peter S. Aronson, MD
  • Ranjit S. Bindra, MD, PhD
  • Nancy J. Brown, MD
  • Sarwat Chaudhry, MD
  • Shelli Farhadian, MD, PhD
  • John K Forrest, MD, FACC, FSCAI
  • Brianna R. Fram, MD
  • Erica Herzog, MD, PhD
  • Seth Herzon, PhD
  • Chinye Ijeli
  • Michael S. Leapman, MD, MHS
  • Amanda Liberman
  • Kingson Lin
  • Jamieson O'Marr, MS
  • Naomi Rogers, PhD

Related Links

  • Student Research Day Program

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Elektrostal

City in moscow oblast, russia / from wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, dear wikiwand ai, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:.

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    variety of topics on medical law and ethics. You then complete your studies by writing a dissertation on a medical law related topic chosen by you and supervised by a member of staff with expertise in your selected subject area. Teaching is a mixture of lectures and smaller, student-led, seminar or tutorial groups. The dissertation is pursued ...

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    This dissertation addresses the most prominent difficulties involved in the determination of causation in the context of medical law in South Africa. The principal philosophical and conceptual basis of causation is based on pure logic, whereas legal principles governing causation are based on, and influenced by concepts such as "common sense ...

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    A list of research topics on Medical Law and Ethics for undergraduate, master, and doctoral students to write dissertations. 44-20-8133-2020. ... Download Medical Law/Ethics Dissertation Sample For Your Perusal; Research Topic Help Service. Undergrad: £30. Masters: £45. Doctoral: £70.

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    Students and faculty mentors celebrated at student research day. An annual tradition at Yale School of Medicine since 1988. Five medical students made thesis presentations, and over 75 students, displayed scientific posters. May 16, 2024.

  22. File : Coat of Arms of Elektrostal (Moscow oblast).svg

    official documents of state government agencies and local government agencies of municipal formations, including laws, other legal texts, judicial decisions, other materials of legislative, administrative and judicial character, official documents of international organizations, as well as their official translations; ...

  23. Elektrostal

    Elektrostal , lit: Electric and Сталь , lit: Steel) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 58 kilometers east of Moscow. Population: 155,196 ; 146,294 ...

  24. Elektrostal

    Elektrostal. Elektrostal ( Russian: Электроста́ль) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is 58 kilometers (36 mi) east of Moscow. As of 2010, 155,196 people lived there.

  25. The flag of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia which I bought there

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