case study based questions on heredity and evolution class 10

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution

Case study questions class 10 science chapter 9 heredity and evolution.

CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Science Heredity and Evolution. Term 2 Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Heredity and Evolution.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

CBSE Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution

A scientist cross pure-bred tall (dominant) pea plant with pure-bred dwarf (recessive) pea plant he will get pea plants of F1 generation. If now self-cross the pea plant of F2 generation is done, then we obtain pea plants of F2 generation.

[KVS Raipur 2021-22]

(a) State the type of plants not found in F2 generation but appeared in F2 generation, mentioning the reason for the same

Answer – In the F1 generation, Dwarf trait is recessive trait which was not expressed. After self pollination, the recessive trait gets expressed in F2 generation

(b) State the ratio of tall plants to dwarf plants in F2 generation.. Write the full form of DNA.

Answer- Ratio – 3:1

Full form of DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer – All plants of F1 generation will be tall plants.

Answer – Variations promote the survival only when the species wants to allow by itself for survive to the continuous changing environment and conditions. During variations, different species get different kinds of advantages depending on the nature.

Case Study – 2

Mendel was educated in a monastery and went on to study science and mathematics at the University of Vienna. Failure in the examinations for a teaching certificate did not suppress his zeal for scientific quest. He went back to his monastery and started growing peas. Many others had studied the inheritance of traits in peas and other organisms earlier, but Mendel blended his knowledge of science and mathematics and was the first one to keep count of individuals exhibiting a particular trait in each generation. This helped him to arrive at the laws of inheritance.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(a) Why did Mendel select a pea plant for his experiments?

Answer- Mandel Selects pea plant for his experiment, because pea plant grown easily in few days and also has some interesting characters. And also, many generations can examined by Mendel in few days or months.

(b) Study the picture below that represents traits studied by Mendel in garden pea.

case study based questions on heredity and evolution class 10

Answer- Yellow pod colour and axial position are dominant traits.

Case Study – 3

Pure bred pea plant with smooth seeds (dominant characteristic) were crossed with pure bred pea plant with wrinkled seeds (recessive characteristic) . The F1 generation was self pollinated to give rise to the F2 generation.

(a) What is the expected observation of the F1 generation of plants ?

Answer – All of them have smooth seeds.

(b) What is the expected observation of the F2 generation of plants ?

Answer- ¼ of them have wrinkled seeds and ¾ of them have smooth seeds

Answer- Genotypic ratio = 1: 2: 1

Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive

CASE STUDY : 4

It is all very well to say that very dissimilar looking structures evolve from a common ancestral design. It is true that analysis of the organ structure in fossils allows us to make estimates of how far back evolutionary relationships go. Are there any current examples of such a process? The wild cabbage plant is a good example. Humans have, over more than two thousand years, cultivated wild cabbage as a food plant, and generated different vegetables from it by selection. This is, of course, artificial selection rather than natural selection.

i) What was the evolution history of cabbage?

Ans: Earlier, the human beings cultivates the wild cabbage for food and had produced different varieties of cabbage by doing artificial selection. The different varieties were kohlrabi, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, red cabbage and kale.

ii) What is molecular phylogeny?

Ans? It is a method to gather information of an organism regarding their evolutionary relationship.

iii) What are the different methods for tracing the evolutionary relationship?

Ans: Looking into the data of homologous organ and analogous organ, fossil and embryo development.

iv) Do you agree with the term that ” evolution should not be equated with progress”?

Ans- Yes, evolution leads to more and more complex body design over time. It doesnt mean that older design are inefficient. For example, the bacteria the most primitive and simplest type of organism live in any harsh habitat and still they are surviving.

v) Give one examples of evolution by stages?

Ans: Earlier, birds have feather only for heating purpose but as time passes, they evolve and now the feathers are used for flight also.

CASE STUDY : 5

The evolutionary relationships of the species we see around us. It is a sort of going backwards in time. We can do this by identifying hierarchies of characteristics between species. Similarities among organisms will allow us to group them and then study the groups. For this, which characteristics decide more fundamental differences among organisms, and which ones decide less basic differences? What is meant by ‘characteristics’, anyway? Characteristics are details of appearance or behaviour; in other words, a particular form or a particular function. That we have four limbs is thus a characteristic

i) What is homologous organs?

Ans: The organs which have similar structure but different functions.

Eg: limbs of human, bird, frog and lizard

ii) What are fossil?

Ans: The preserved remains or traces of remains body parts of an organism is called fossil.

iii) What are analogous organ?

Ans: Different structure but same function.

Eg: wings of bats and birds.

iv) How do we know how old the fossils are?

Ans: By using carbon dating , in these we used radioactive decay of carbon 14 isotopes.

v) What does it infer ” if more characteristics of two species are common”?

Ans: It means they are closely related and may one had evolved from other or both have common ancestors.

CASE STUDY : 6

The rules for inheritance of such traits in human beings are related to the fact that both the father and the mother contribute practically equal amounts of genetic material to the child. This means that each trait can be influenced by both paternal and maternal DNA. Thus, for each trait there will be two versions in each child. What will, then, the trait seen in the child be?

i) What were the contrasting traits used by mendel?

Ans: Tall and dwarf plant, round/ wrinkled seeds, white / violets flower and on the basis of pod colour etc.

ii) What was the phenotypic ratio of monohybrid cross?

Ans: 3:1 here, 3 is for tall plants and 1 is dwarf plants.

iii) What was the genotypic ratio of monohybrid cross?

iv) How does the traits get expressed?

Ans: Genes control traits, the diploid organism inherit two alleles from a gene i.e one is from father and one is from mother.

v) Write the monohybrid cross between tall and dwarf plants?

Ans: TT × tt 👇 👇 F1: Tt × Tt 👇 F2: TT Tt Tt tt

CASE STUDY : 7

The two sexes participating in sexual reproduction must be somewhat different from each other for a number of reasons. How is the sex of a newborn individual determined? Different species use very different strategies for this. Some rely entirely on environmental cues. Thus, in some animals like a few reptiles, the temperature at which fertilised eggs are kept determines whether the animals developing in the eggs will be male or female. In other animals, such as snails, individuals can change sex, indicating that sex is not genetically determined. However, in human beings, the sex of the individual is largely genetically determined. In other words, the genes inherited from our parents decide whether we will be boys or girls.

i) How many chromosomes are there in human beings?

Ans: 23 pairs in which 22 pairs are autosomal and one pair i.e 23rd pair is sex chromosome.

ii) What are the pair of sex chromosome present in both male and female?

Ans: People have same set of chromosome i.e XX but male have different sets of chromosome i.e XY.

iii) How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?

Ans: The sex is determined by paternal chromosome i.e XY if X alleles fused with X chromosome of female then it is a baby girl. If Y allele fuse with X chromosome of female during fertilisation then it will be a baby boy.

iv) Give a cross between male and female for sex determination in human beings.

Ans: XX × XY

👇 👇

X X Y

XX XY

(female) (male)

v) What is hermaphrodites?

Ans: Those organisms who dont have seperate sex organs i.e both the sex organs are present in the same body.

Eg- Earthworm

CASE STUDY : 8

Change in non-reproductive tissues cannot be passed on to the DNA of the germ cells. Therefore the experiences of an individual during its lifetime cannot be passed on to its progeny, and cannot direct evolution. Consider another example of how an individual cannot pass on to its progeny the experiences of its lifetime. If we breed a group of mice, all their progeny will have tails, as expected. Now, if the tails of these mice are removed by surgery in each generation, do these tailless mice have tailless progeny? The answer is no, and it makes sense because removal of the tail cannot change the genes of the germ cells of the mice.

i) What are acquired traits? Explain with example.

Ans: The traits which are gain while experiencing the life time, its not related to genetic material.

Eg- If a person get injured during his life time and get handicapped. This trait will not pass to his progeny as it had acquired throughout his life.

ii) Who wrote origin of life on earth?

Ans: Charles Darwin

iii) What do you meant by term speciation?

Ans: It is an evolutionary process in which new species are formed by developing distinct features from their species or by modifying their genetic material.

iv) What are the factors that gave rise to the formation of new species?

Ans: Geographical isolation, genetic drift, mutation and natural selection.

v) What is natural selection?

Ans: The process which occurs in nature by which organism adapt the changing environment and tend to survive in it and reproduce in it.

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

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Case study Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 9 are very important to solve for your exam. Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Case Study Questions have been prepared for the latest exam pattern. You can check your knowledge by solving case study-based questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

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In CBSE Class 10 Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason . There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Heredity and Evolution Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Case Study/Passage Based Questions

Question 1:

(i) Which of the following conclusions can be drawn? (1) The allele for smooth seeds is dominated over that of wrinkled seeds. (2) The plant with smooth seeds is heterozygous. (3) The plant with wrinkled seeds is homozygous. (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

(ii) Which of the following crosses will give smooth and wrinkled seeds in same proportion? (a) RR X rr (b) Rr x rr (C) RRX Rr (d) rrrr

Answer: (b) Rr x rr

(iii) Which of the following cross can be used to determine the genotype of a plant with dominant phenotype? (a) RR RR (b) Rr x Rr (c) Rr RR (d) RR x rr

Answer: (d) RR x rr

(iv) On crossing of two heterozygous smooth seeded plants (Rr), a total of 1000 plants were obtained in F 1 generation. What will be the respective number of smooth and wrinkled seeds obtained in F 1 generation? (a) 750, 250 (b) 500, 500 (C) 800, 200 (d) 950, 50

Answer: (a) 750, 250

(v) The characters which appear in the first filial generation are called (a) recessive characters (b) dominant characters (c) lethal characters (d) non-mendelian characters.

Answer: (b) dominant characters

Question 2:

Seema crossed pure breed pea plants having round-yellow seeds with wrinkled green seeds and found that only A-B type of seeds was produced in the F1 generation. When F1 generation pea plants having A-B type of seeds were cross-breed by self-pollination, then in addition to the original round yellow and wrinkled green seeds, two new varieties A-D and C-B types of seeds were also obtained.

2.1) What are the A-B type of seeds? (a) Round -yellow (b) Round- green (c) Wrinkled- yellow (d) Wrinkled- green

Answer(a) Round -yellow

2.2) A-D are __________ and C-B are _______ type of seeds. (a) Round green and wrinkled yellow respectively (b) Wrinkled green and round yellow respectively (c) Round yellow and wrinkled green respectively (d) Wrinkled green and round green respectively

Answer(a) Round green and wrinkled yellow respectively

2.3) A and B are _____________ traits. (a) recessive (b) dominant (c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

Answer(b) dominant

2.4) Which one of these will be produced in maximum number in the F2 generation? (a) A-D (b) A-B (c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

Answer(b) A-B

2.5) The above cross is known as : (a) Test cross (b) Monohybrid cross (c) Back cross (d) Dihybrid cross

Answer(d) Dihybrid cross

Case Study 4

Purebred pea plant with smooth seeds (dominated characteristic) were crossed with a purebred pea plants with wrinkled seeds (recessive characteristic). The F1 generation was self-pollinated to give rise to the F, generation.

4.1) What is the expected observation of the F1 generation of plants? (a) 1/2 of them have smooth seeds and 1/2 of them have wrinkled seeds. (b) 1/4 of them have wrinkled seeds and 3/4 of them have smooth seeds. (c) 3/4 of them have wrinkled seeds and 1/4 of them have smooth seeds. (d) All of them have smooth seeds.

Answer(d) All of them have smooth seeds.

4.2) What is the expected observation of the F2 generation plants ? (a) 1/2 of them have smooth seeds and 1/2 of them have wrinkled seeds. (b) 1/4 of them have wrinkled seeds and 3/4 of them have smooth seeds. (c) 3/4 of them have wrinkled seeds and 1/4 of them have smooth seeds. (d) All of them have smooth seeds.

Answer(b) 1/4 of them have wrinkled seeds and 3/4 of them have smooth seeds.

4.3) If a genotype consists of different types of alleles, it is called : (a) homozygous (b) heterogyzous (c) monoallelic (d) uniallelic

Answer(b) heterogyzous

4.4) The alternative form of gene is called : (a) dominant character (b) recessive character (c) alternative genes (d) allele

Answer(d) allele

4.5) Which of the following will be the genotypic ratio of the given F2 generation? (a) 1:3 (b) 3:1 (c) 1:2:1 (d) 1:1:1

Answer(c) 1:2:1

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Case Study Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution

Please refer to Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution Case Study Questions with answers provided below. We have provided Case Study Questions for Class 10 Science for all chapters as per CBSE, NCERT and KVS examination guidelines. These case based questions are expected to come in your exams this year. Please practise these case study based Class 10 Science Questions and answers to get more marks in examinations.

Case Study Questions Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution

Case/Passage – 1

Question: A person first crossed pure-breed pea plants having roundyellow seeds with pure-breed pea plants having wrinkledgreen seeds and found that only A-B type of seeds were produced in the F1 generation. When F1 generation pea plants having A-B type of seeds were cross-breed by selfpollination, then in addition to the original round-yellow and wrinkled-green seeds, two new varieties A-D and C-B type of seeds were also obtained. (a) What are A-B type of seeds? (b) State whether A and B are dominant traits or recessive traits. (c) What are A-D type of seeds? (d) What are C-B type of seeds? (e) Out of A-B and A-D types of seeds, which one will be produced in (i) minimum numbers, and (ii) maximum numbers, in the F 2 generation?

(a) Round yellow (b) A (round) and B (yellow) are dominant traits (c) Round-green (d) Wrinkled-yellow (e) (i) A–D (ii) A–B

Question: Question number (a) – (d) are based on the images (A) and (B) given below. Study them and answer the following questions.

(a) What term can be used for the structure given in image A? (b) What term can be used for the structure given in image B? (c) Which image shows a common ancestry? (d) Which image has a common function but different origin?

(a) Homologous organs (b) Analogous organs (c) Image A shows common ancestry (d) Image B i.e., analogous organs have a different origin but common functions.

Case/Passage – 2

Most human chromosomes have a maternal and a paternal copy, and we have 22 such pairs. But one pair, called the sex chromosomes, is odd in not always being a perfect pair. Women have a perfect pair of sex chromosomes, both called X. But men have a mismatched pair in which one is a normal-sized X while the other is a short one called Y. So women are XX, while men are XY

Question: If a normal cell of human body contains 46 pairs of chromosomes then the numbers of chromosomes in a sex cell of a human being is most likely to be: (a) 60 (b) 23 (c) 22 (d) 40

Question: The process where characteristics are transmitted from parent to offsprings is called: (a) Variation (b) Heredity (c) Gene (d) Allele (e) None of the above

Question: In human males, all the chromosomes are paired perfectly except one. These unpaired chromosomes are: (a) Large chromosome (b) Small chromosome (c) Y chromosome (d) X chromosome

Question: Which of the following determines the sex of a child? (a) The length of the mother’s pregnancy (b) The length of time between ovulation and copulation (c) The presence of an X chromosome in an ovum (d) The presence of a Y chromosome in a sperm

Question:Who have a perfect pair of sex chromosomes? (a) Girls only (b) Boys only (c) Both girls and boys (d) It depends on many other factors

Case/Passage – 3

In some animals, the temperature at which fertilised eggs are kept determines whether the animal developing in the egg will be male or female. In other animals, such as snails, individuals can change sex, that is sex is not genetically determined. In human beings, sex of individuals is largely genetically determined. All chromosomes in human beings are not paired. We have 22 pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes which is odd and not always a perfect pair.

Question. Who is responsible for birth of male child? (a) Father (b) Mother (c) Father only in first pregnancy. (d) Mother only in first pregnancy

Question. How many pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes? (a) 23 (b) 22 (c) 21 (d) 20

Question. Which pair of chromosomes are present in Male (a) XX (b) YY (c) XY (d) XXY

Question. Which of the following statement is true? (a) Men have short sized X chromosome (b) Men have one long sized Y chromosome (c) Men have normal sized Y chromosome (d) Men have one short sized Y chromosome

Question. Which pair of chromosomes are present in female? (a) XX (b) YY (c) XY (d) XXY

Case Study Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution

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Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

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In CBSE Class 10 Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason . There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Here, we have provided case based/passage based questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution .

Case Study/Passage Based Questions

Question 1:

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).

(ii) Which of the following crosses will give smooth and wrinkled seeds in same proportion? (a) RR X rr (b) Rr x rr (C) RRX Rr (d) rrrr

(iii) Which of the following cross can be used to determine the genotype of a plant with dominant phenotype? (a) RR RR (b) Rr x Rr (c) Rr RR (d) RR x rr

(v) The characters which appear in the first filial generation are called (a) recessive characters (b) dominant characters (c) lethal characters (d) non-mendelian characters.

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CBSE Class 10

CBSE Class 10 Biology Heredity and Evolution Important Questions for 2023

Cbse class 10 biology heredity and evolution important questions: in this article, we will cover all important mcqs, short answer questions, long answer questions and case study questions from the chapter heredity and evolution of cbse class 10 science..

CBSE Class 10 Biology Heredity and Evolution Important Questions: In this article, we will cover all important questions from the chapter Heredity and Evolution of CBSE Class 10 Science. In this chapter, students get to learn about the mechanism by which variations are created and Inherited. They are also encouraged to reflect and understand about The long-term consequences of the accumulation of variations.

Chapter 8 Heredity and Evolution is actually the fourth and the last chapter in the second unit of CBSE Class 10 Science - World of Living. Students must be aware that since Heredity and Evolution used to be the ninth chapter in the syllabus before CBSE updated the syllabus during the pandemic, there are some resources where it is still mentioned as the ninth chapter. However, students should not be confused since the syllabus has been rationalized.

We have provided questions from all important topics in all varieties such as Multiple choice questions, Case Study questions, and even the Short answer questions and Long answer questions. To check the answers to these questions, scroll to the end of the questions. Using these important questions and answers prepared by the subject experts, candidates of CBSE Class 10 Science board exam 2022-23 can easily excel in their examinations.

CBSE Class 10 Biology Heredity and Evolution Important Questions

Mendel went on to study science and mathematics at the:-

(a) University of Vienna

(b) University of Austria

2.In human males all the chromosomes are paired perfectly except one. This/these unpaired chromosome is/are

(i) large chromosome (ii) small chromosome (iii) Y-chromosome (iv) X-chromosome

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (iii) only

If a normal cell of human body contains 46 pairs of chromosomes then the numbers of chromosomes in a sex cell of a human being is most likely to be:

4.Which part of the DNA provides information for a protein?

(a) Chromosome

(b) Mitochondria

In peas, a pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a pure short plant (tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to pure short plants in F2 generation will be:
A trait in an organism is influenced by

(a) paternal DNA only

(b) maternal DNA only

Which of the following determines the sex of a child?

(a) The length of the mother’s pregnancy

(b) The length of time between ovulation and copulation

Which chromosome is not in a perfect pair in human males?

(a) Chromosome 13

(b) X chromosome

What is the ancient name for all human beings?

(b) Chimpanzee

(d) Invertebrates

10.The genetic constitution of an individual organism is known as its

(a) phenotype

(b) homozygous

11. The process where characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring’s is called:

(a) Variation

(b) Heredity

Name the information source for making proteins in the cells.
What is F2 generation?
Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits.
Who is known as father of genetics?
What is the genetic constitution of human sperm?
What is meant by contrasting traits or characters?
What is the probability that a human progeny wiil be a boy?
What is DNA copying? State its importance.
An elephant learns a trick at the circus. Will his offspring’s also know the trick by birth? Support your answer with reasons.
How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits are inherited independently?
“The chromosome number of the sexually reproducing parents and their offspring is same." Justify the statement.
Give an example where sex is determined by the environmental factors.
Define the following terms.
How the genes, chromosomes and DNA are inter related to each other?
A body builder builds his muscles. Will his child be born with strong muscles? If not, why strength of muscles didn’t pass on to the next generation?
What is variation? How is variation created in a population? What is the importance of variation for survival of a species?
a) Why did Mendel choose garden pea for his experiments? Write two reasons.

b) ‘Different species use different strategies to determine sex of a newborn individual. It can be environmental cues or genetically determined.’ Explain the statement by giving example for each strategy.

2. Pragya performed an experiment to study inheritance pattern of genes. He crossed tall pea plants (TT) with short pea plants (tt) and obtained all tall plants in F1 generation.

a) What will be the set of genes present in F1 generation?

b) Give reason why only tall plants are observed in F1 progeny.

If we cross pure-bred tall (dominant) pea plant with pure-bred dwarf (recessive) pea plant we will get pea plants of F1 generation. If we now self- cross the pea plant of F1 generation, then we obtain pea plants of F2 generation.

(a) What do the plants of F2 generation look like?

(b) State the ratio of tall plants to dwarf plants in F2 generation.

(c) State the type of plants not found in F2 generation but appeared in F2 generation, mentioning the reason for the same.

(d) State Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Reproduction results in variation from one generation to the next. The variation produced in the organisms during the successive generation gets accumulated over a long period of time in an organism. After several generations these variations comes up in the organisms and the organisms start showing different characteristics and hence leads to the appearance of new species. The main advantage of variation in a species is that it increases the chance of its survival in a changing environment. The organisms which show positive variation, survive. Those who do not show variations get extinct.

a) What are variations?

b) Why are the variations accumulated over generations?

c) What are the positive variations?

Biology is one of the main subjects that students in CBSE Board plan to pursue further ahead. Biology and its branches such as Zoology, Botany, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Forensics and so on are all respected and emerging career prospects for students.

CBSE Class 10 Biology Heredity and Evolution Important Questions Answers PDF

Candidates who wish to pursue Biology further ahead must master these topics in order to fulfill their dreams.

To get a better hold of the portions to be covered and your preparation,

ALSO CHECK: CBSE Class 10 Science Model Paper 2022-23

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Class 10 Science: Case Study Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution PDF Download

Here we are providing you with Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Case Study Questions, by practicing these Case Study and Passage Based Questions will help you in your Class 10th Board Exam.

Case Study Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Case Study/Passage Based Questions

Question 1:

Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

(ii) Which of the following crosses will give smooth and wrinkled seeds in same proportion? (a) RR X rr (b) Rr x rr (C) RRX Rr (d) rrrr

Answer: (b) Rr x rr

(iii) Which of the following cross can be used to determine the genotype of a plant with dominant phenotype? (a) RR RR (b) Rr x Rr (c) Rr RR (d) RR x rr

Answer: (d) RR x rr

Answer: (a) 750, 250

(v) The characters which appear in the first filial generation are called (a) recessive characters (b) dominant characters (c) lethal characters (d) non-mendelian characters.

Answer: (b) dominant characters

Question 2:

2.1) What are the A-B type of seeds? (a) Round -yellow (b) Round- green (c) Wrinkled- yellow (d) Wrinkled- green

Answer(a) Round -yellow

Answer(a) Round green and wrinkled yellow respectively

2.3) A and B are _____________ traits. (a) recessive (b) dominant (c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

Answer(b) dominant

2.4) Which one of these will be produced in maximum number in the F2 generation? (a) A-D (b) A-B (c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

Answer(b) A-B

2.5) The above cross is known as : (a) Test cross (b) Monohybrid cross (c) Back cross (d) Dihybrid cross

Answer(d) Dihybrid cross

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Important Questions for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution 2024-25

CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter-9 Important Questions with Answers - Free PDF Download

Heredity and Evolution is an important chapter that covers the concepts of heredity, sexual reproduction, how evolution takes place, etc. Solving the Class 10 Science Ch 9 Important Questions will help students lay a strong foundation of these concepts. At Vedantu we provide students with solved important questions for Class 10 Heredity and Evolution PDF file . These questions will help students to score well in their examination. They can download and refer to the solved Class 10 Science Chapter 9 important questions PDF for free from Vedantu. Vedantu is a platform that provides free CBSE Solutions (NCERT) and other study materials for students. Maths Students who are looking for the better solutions, they can download Class 10 Maths NCERT Solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

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Study Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 – Heredity and Evolution

Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)

1. Select the group which shares the maximum number of common characters-

Two genera of two families

Two species of a genus

Two genera of a family

Two individuals of a species

Ans: (d) Two individuals of a species

2. Two pea plants, one with round green seeds (RRyy) and another with wrinkled yellow (rrYY) seeds produce ${{F}_{1}}$ progeny having round, yellow (RrYy) seeds. When ${{F}_{1}}$ plants are selfed, the ${{F}_{2}}$ progeny will have the following combination of characters

Ans: (b) 9:3:3:1

3. Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly birds have feathers that help them to fly. In the context of evolution, this means that-

Reptiles have evolved from birds

There is no evolutionary connection between reptiles and birds

Feathers are homologous structures in both the organisms

Birds have evolved from reptiles.

Ans: (d) Birds have evolved from reptiles.

4. What is a monohybrid cross?

Ans: The combination between two plants that display two different variants of a property (character).

5. What are autosomes and sex chromosomes?

Ans: There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human cell. 22 pairs are termed autosomes, while the remaining 1 pair, which determines a child's sex, is called sex chromosome.

6. Which of the following scientists gave the principles of inheritance?

Watson and Crick

Ans: (a) Mendel

7. Which of the following is not correct-

For every hormone, there is a gene.

For every protein, there is a gene.

For the production of every enzyme, there is a gene.

For every molecule of fat, there is a gene.

Ans: (a) For every protein there is a gene.

8. According to the evolutionary theory formation of a new species occurs generally due to-

Sudden creation by nature.

accumulation of variations over several generations

clones formed during asexual reproduction

Movement of individuals from one habitat to another.

Ans: (a) accumulation of variations over several generations.

9. Who coined the term ‘gene’?

Ans: The term gene was originated by Johannsen (1909).

10. What are dominant genes?

Ans: A dominant gene is one that expresses itself.

11. The concept of the origin of species by natural selection was given by.

Ans: (c) Darwin

12. If a round green seeded pea plant (RRYY) is crossed with wrinkled yellow seeded pea plant (rr yy) the seeds to be produced in F 1 generation will be.

Wrinkled and yellow

round and green

wrinkled and green

round and yellow.

Ans: (b) round and green

13. The genetic constitution of an organism is called.

Ans: (a) Genotype

14. Write the scientific name of the plant on which Mendel carried out his experiments.

Ans: Pisum sativum

15. How many autosomes are present in human sperm?

16. Two pink coloured flowers on crossing result in 1red, 2pink and 1white flower progeny. The nature of the cross is-

cross-fertilization

self-pollination

double fertilization

no fertilization

Ans: (a) cross-fertilization

17. A basket of vegetables contains carrot, potato, radish, and tomato. Which of them represent the correct homologous structure

carrot and potato

carrot and tomato

radish and carrot

radish and potato

Ans: (c) radish and carrot

18. Mendel proposed that every character is controlled by-

two factors

one chromosome

two chromosomes

Ans: (b) two factors

19. Who is called the father of genetics?

Ans: Gregor Mendel.

20. What is the scientific name of a human being?

Ans: Homo sapiens

21. The theory of chemical evolution of life was experimentally demonstrated by-

Miller and Urey

Ans: (b) Miller and Urey

22. Genetics is the study of-

resemblances amongst individuals

heredity and environment

differences amongst individuals

Heredity and variations.

Ans: (d) Heredity and variations.

23. The wing of a bird and wing of an insect is

Homologous organs

analogous organs

vestigial organ

both (a) and (b)

Ans: (a) Homologous organs

24. What is heredity?

Ans: Heredity refers to the transmission of a person's personality from one generation to the next.

25. What are Mendelian factors?

Ans: Mendelian factors are heredity components that carry on a character from parents to offspring.

26. A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with short pea plants bearing white flowers. The progeny all bore violet flowers but almost half of them were short. This suggests that the genetic make-up of the tall parent can be depicted as

Ans: (c) TtWW

27. An example of homologous organs is

Our arm and a dog’s foreleg.

Our teeth and an elephant’s tusks.

Potatoes and runners of grass.

All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above .

28. In evolutionary terms, we have more in common with

A Chinese schoolboy.

A chimpanzee

A bacterium

Ans: (a) A Chinese schoolboy.

29. What happened when Mendel crossed two traits of a character in a pea plant?

Ans: Mendel discovered that each feature was inherited separately from the others, resulting in its own 3:1 ratio.

30. Who provided experimental evidence to support the theory of the origin of life from inanimate matter?

Ans: Miller and Urey

31. A normal pea plant bearing coloured flowers suddenly starts producing white flowers. What could be the possible cause?

Ans: Mutation is responsible for the appearance of white flowers.

32. Mention any two recessive traits of a garden pea.

Ans: Dwarf (height of plant) and wrinkled seed.

33. What is called a phylogenetic system of classification?

Ans: Organisms are classified depending on their evolutionary relations.

34. What will be the percentage of ab gametes produced by AaBb parents?

Ans: 25 per cent

35. Mendel crossed a pure white recessive pea plant with a dominant pure red-flowered plant. What will be the first-generation f hybrids.?

Ans: Allred

36. Name the chemicals which were essential for the origin of life.

Ans: Proteins and nucleic acid

37. Why are males called heterogametic?

Ans: Males are called heterogametic because their y chromosomes are different.

39. What is the percentage possibility of a couple having daughters?

Ans: 50 per cent.

40. Name 2 organisms in which sex determination is regulated by environmental factors.

Ans: Turtle and lizard.

41. Clones of sheep are carbon copies of each other except for physical health. What kind of variation is it?

Ans: Phenotypic variation.

Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)

1. Why are acquired traits not inherited?

Ans: Acquired traits are those that organisms develop over the course of their lives. These characteristics can't be handed down because they're caused by non-reproductive tissue.

2. How evolution and classification are linked?

Ans: The organisation of organisms into groups based on their properties is known as classification. Characteristics are physical or behavioural characteristics. The most advanced and effective classification system is based on evolution. The division of organisms/species into groups reflects their shared origins, as well as their evolutionary relationship.

3. What are coacervates?

Ans: Coacervates are the first life molecules created when a membrane forms around amino acids, sugars, and nitrogenous bases aggregates. Coacervates continue to evolve, eventually leading to the origin of life.

4. How do the two factors for a character, present in diploid cells, behave at the time of gamete formation?

Ans: During gamete development, two components named X and Y separate. As a result, the gamete is either X or Y.

5. Give the pair of contrasting traits of the following characters in the plant and mention which one is recessive and which is dominant?

(a) yellow seed

Ans: Green seed- Dominant

Yellow seed- Recessive

(b) round seed

Ans: Wrinkled seed – Recessive

Round seed- Dominant

6. Mention two important features of fossils that help in evolution.

Ans: Two important features of fossils that help in evolution:

(i) Fossils are a type of ancient species preservation.

(ii) Fossils aid in the identification of evolutionary relationships between creatures and their forefathers and mothers.

7. What do you understand by the term natural selection?

Ans: Natural selection theory states that nature selects the fittest animals for breeding, while those who do not fit are removed by nature.

8. Mention the complement of a sperm and the egg which will determine the birth of a female child.

Ans: The X chromosome is found in both the sperm and the egg of a female child and it is the complement of a sperm and the egg which will determine the birth of a female child.

9. What is emasculation? Why is it done?

Ans: Emasculation is the removal of an anther to prevent pollination in an experimental plant.

10. What is a gene? Where are genes located?

Ans: The term "gene" refers to DNA segments.

Chromosomes are where genes are found.

11. How many contrasting characters did Mendel see in garden pea? Give any two of them.

Ans: In the pea plant, Mendel discovered seven distinct characteristics.

For example, axial and terminal flower positions. Round and wrinkled seed form.

12. What is the phenotypic ratio obtained by Mendel by monohybrid cross? Answer with the help of a diagram.

Ans: Mendel's monohybrid cross's phenotypic ratio isa3:1. A monohybrid cross happens when fertilisation occurs between two true-breeding parents who differ exclusively in the feature being examined, and the resulting offspring are termed monohybrids. Mendel experimented with seven different forms of monohybrid crosses, each including opposing features for various phenotypes. The F1 offspring of such crosses all had one parent's phenotype, but the F2 offspring had a 3:1 phenotypic ratio.

Mendel hypothesised that each parent in a monohybrid cross provided one amongst two paired unit factors towards each offspring, and that any potential combination of unit factors seemed equally probable.

13. Why are acquired characters not inherited?

Ans: Acquired qualities are those that organisms develop over the course of their lives.

They are not passed down to future generations. Because these characteristics are caused by non-reproductive tissues, they cannot be handed forward.

14. How is the chromosome number restored in the zygote?

Ans: Male and female gametes each have N chromosomes. Gametes combine and form a zygote during fertilisation. The number of chromosomes in a zygote is 2N.

15. What are variations? Give their types.

Ans: Despite the fact that offspring of the same parents seem the same, they are not identical to their parents. There are three distinctions between them. Variations are the term for these disparities. There are two types of it:

(a) Reproductive- It is passed down from one generation to the next.

(b) Non-reproductive—not passed down from generation to generation.

16. Write the difference between Autosomes and Allosomes.

Ans: The difference between autosomes and allosomes is as given below,

17. What will be the sex of the embryo if an egg is fertilized by the sperm having?

(a) \[22+x\] and

Ans: Female

(b) \[22+y\] composition

18. Mention two sources of variation.

Ans: Two sources of variation are:-

DNA copying errors.

Fertilization at random.

19. What are monohybrid and dihybrid cross? Give one example of each.

Ans: Monohybrid cross- This is the simplest cross in which only one character's inheritance is investigated. A cross is created by crossing two plants with one contrasting characteristic, such as tall or dwarf.

Dihybrid cross- A dihybrid cross is a cross between two plants with two sets of opposing characters. Round and green seed, for example, crossed with yellow and wrinkled seed.

20. Why did Mendel choose a pea plant for his experimentation?

Ans: Mendel chose the garden pea for his experiment for the following reasons:

Because this plant has a short life cycle, the results may be gathered and evaluated more quickly.

The garden pea possesses a number of features that are diametrically opposed to one another.

This plant is also tiny, easy to grow, and produces a big number of offspring.

21. If a trait A exists in \[\mathbf{10}%\] of a population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait B exists in \[\mathbf{60}%\] of the same population, which trait is likely to have arisen earlier?

Ans: Trait B.

22. What are the different ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population?

Ans: Individuals with a certain attribute can increase in a variety of ways, including:

Natural selection- Certain differences give individuals in a group a survival edge in a changing context, resulting in population growth.

Genetic drift—In a small population, even if no survival benefit is gained, accidents can lead to an increase in the number of specific individuals.

23. Why are traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual not inherited?

Ans: Any changes in non-reproductive organs are not passed on to germ cell DNA. As a result, qualities acquired during a person's lifetime are not inherited.

24. Why are the small numbers of surviving tigers a cause of worry from the point of view of genetics?

Ans: The minimal number of living tigers is concerning because it could lead to a loss of genetic diversity. The abrupt demise of tigers and their genes will have an impact on natural diversity. Because the tiger population is declining, the genetic pool of tigers is shrinking. It will have an impact on the frequency of selection, which is necessary for survival. The population must have an indefinitely a vast number of individuals in order for selection to be effective.

25. Give an example of characteristics being used to determine how close two species are in evolutionary terms.

Ans: The evolutionary distance between humans and apes can be determined using the example of humans and apes. Both of their bodies are similar in appearance. Both animals have hair on their bodies and mammary glands. As a result, these two animals are tightly linked in terms of evolution.

Homologous organs share a common origin and basic structure, although they serve diverse purposes in different organisms.

Analogous organs have similar functions but vary in basic anatomy.

Homologous organs have evolved in different ways.

Analogous organs have evolved in a similar way. They form in creatures that are connected to one another.

26. Can the wing of a butterfly and the wing of the bat be considered homologous organs?

Ans: No, while the function of the wing is identical in both cases, the structural plan and origin are not.

27. Why are human beings who look so different from each other in terms of size, colour and looks said to belong to the same species?

Ans: Humans differ from one another in terms of size and colour, but they are all members of the same species. This is due to the fact that, despite the tremendous diversity of human shapes and traits among different human races around the world, all human beings' genetic footprints can be traced back to the same common heritage of African origins. Humans are a single species that descended from the earliest members of the human species in Africa, Homo sapiens. Because there has been no well-defined geographical or reproductive isolation among members of the human species, this has resulted in a wide range of genetic makeups for features with minor differences.

28. In evolutionary terms, can we say which among bacteria, spiders, fish and chimpanzees have a ‘better’ body design? Why or why not?

Ans: We can't say whether germs, spiders, fish, or chimps have a "superior" body design in evolutionary terms. The idea that various animals have better bodily designs is unjustifiable. Because the evolutionary process considers the development of the most efficient and suitable elements in organisms' body designs for survival and adaptation to a specific niche. Organisms with a complex and ostensibly better body architecture, for example, may not be able to live in a given context. Bacteria, on the other hand, can survive in the most hostile and severe environmental circumstances, such as extremely hot, cold, or acidic, due to their rudimentary body design and simple microbial lifestyle. Bacterial microorganisms can be found deep beneath arctic ice, in deserts, near volcanic eruptions on the surface of the world, at thermal vents under the deep sea or on the surface of the globe, and even in outer space.

29. How are the areas of study- evolution and classification interlinked?

Ans: Organisms are categorised into categories based on the similarities and differences they have with one another. The more features that two species share, the more closely they are related. The proximity of the two species shows that they shared a similar ancestry. As a result, species taxonomy reflects their evolutionary relationship.

30. Explain the importance of fossils in deciding evolutionary relationships.

Ans: The importance of fossils in deciding evolutionary relationships:

The study of fossils allows us to estimate how far back creatures' evolutionary relationships go.

Knowing the age of fossils allows us to determine which organisms evolved first and which evolved later.

31. Write the characteristics on the basis of which duck-billed platypus is considered as a link between reptiles and mammals.

Ans: Laying of eggs is a feature that resembles reptiles, whereas the presence of mammary glands is a characteristic that resembles mammals.

32. Why are the small number of surviving tigers a cause of worry from the point of view of genetics?

Ans: As the tiger population declines, genes are lost from the gene pool, which means there can be no recombination or variants, and hence no evolution.

33. How one is adopted to perform different functions? Give one example

Ans: One modification that occurred early in evolution is now utilised to accomplish additional functions. Feathers, for example, evolved for warmth before being modified for flying.

34. Why are asexually reproducing organisms capable of showing hereditary features?

Ans: Asexual reproduction tends to preserve the genetic similarities among all members of a line of descent. As a result, asexually reproducing organisms can exhibit hereditary characteristics.

35. If the sperm bearing Y-chromosome fertilizes the egg, the child born will not be entirely like his father. Why is it so?

Ans: If the sperm bearing Y-chromosome fertilizes the egg, the child born will not be entirely like his father because the X-chromosome, the other sex chromosome, will also have an impact. Other egg autosomes will also display their properties.

36. In evolutionary terms, which among-bacteria, spiders, fish and chimpanzees have a “body design''? Why or why not?

Ans: Chimpanzees have a better bodily design than the other species. They have greater movement, communication, and reasoning abilities.

37. What is offspring?

Ans: Offspring are organisms that are raised as a result of gene segment crossing and exchange in sexual reproduction.

38. What have inherited traits? Give one example.

Ans: Inherited traits are characteristics that are passed on from parents to their children. For example, earlobes are both free and attached.

39. When Mendel crossed a tall plant with a dwarf plant, no medium height plants were obtained in F generation. Why?

Ans: When Mendel crossed a tall plant with a dwarf plant, no medium height plants were obtained in F generation because dominant genes express themselves and prevent recessive genes from having an influence. As a result, no plants of medium size were obtained.

40. The human hand, cat paw and horse foot when studied in detail show the same structure of bones and point towards a common origin.

i. What do you conclude from this?

Ans: We can deduce that these organs share a common ancestor.

ii. What is the term given to such structures?

Ans: Homologous organs are those that are identical to one another.

41. How do we know how old a fossil is?

Ans: There are two techniques:

Relative method: When we delve into the earth, we find that the fossils found closer to the surface are more recent than those found in deeper levels.

In the fossil material, by measuring the ratios of different isotopes of the same element.

42. What will be the sex of a baby if sperm carrying the X chromosome fertilizes the egg in human beings? Why?

Ans: It will be a female since the fusion of gametes containing X chromosomes produces a homozygous zygote with the XX composition.

43. Feather imprints were preserved along with the dinosaur’s bones but dinosaurs could not fly. What was the significance of feathers in reptiles and later on for other species?

Ans: Dinosaur feathers are thought to have offered protection in cold temperatures, but they eventually became beneficial for avian flight.

44. What will be the blood groups of offspring produced by the parents having the following genotype?

Cross showing combination of Blood groups formed

Blood groups will be:

45. A woman with blonde curly hair married a man with black soft hair. All of their children in the first generation had black soft hair but in the next generation, children had different combinations in the ratio of 9:3:3:1. State the law that governs this Expression.

Ans: The law of independent assortment holds that the factors of various pairs of opposing traits are unaffected by one another. In terms of selection, they are unrelated to one another.

Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)

1. Only variations that confer an advantage to an individual organism will survive in a population. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not?

Ans: Variations that benefit an individual organism may or may not survive in the population, depending on the organism's social behaviour. A variant in a sociable species, such as an ant, may not survive in a population, whereas a variation in a predatory animal, such as a leopard, may.

2. What are the different approaches to determine the evolutionary history of man?

Ans: There are three methods for reconstructing man's evolutionary history:

Fossil records provide direct evidence in the form of the historical approach. Carbon dating techniques can be used to establish the age of fossils.

Comparative method- By comparing multiple existing forms, we can build hypotheses about their common ancestors and reconstruct their history.

Analytic method: Observing vestigial organs in modern humans and examining their development from embryo to adult.

3. What is fossilization? How are fossils formed?

Ans: Fossilization is the term for the process of forming fossils. When organisms die, their corpses disintegrate and become fossilised. The body, or a portion of it, maybe in an environment that prevents it from fully decomposing. The mud will solidify over time and maintain the impression of the organism's bodily parts. This mud with the imprint will be referred to as an organism's fossil.

4. What are homologous and analogous organs? Explain with the help of an example.

Ans: Homologous organs have a similar basic structure and origin, but may perform diverse tasks. Human hands, for example, and avian wings, for example.

Organs that have a similar function but a different basic structure and origin are referred to as comparable organs.

For example,

a bat's wing and a bird's wing.

a bird's wing and an insect's wing

5. Differentiate between convergent and divergent evolution.

Ans: The difference between convergent and divergent evolution is as given below:

6. What are the different ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population?

Ans: Selection of environmental conditions for a species' survival are the factors that are responsible for raising a new species. If a variation exists in a population and the variation results in the organism surviving better in the prevailing natural conditions, the characteristic will be naturally selected and spread across the population.

7. What are the different theories about the origin of life?

Ans: Below given are the different theories about the origin of life:-

Special creation theory: This theory claims that the almighty god created life.

The idea of spontaneous generation- According to this theory, life sprang from non-living components by abiogenesis process including mud, decaying matter, the sun, air, and water, among other things.

Cosmozoic theory: According to this view, life came to Earth in the form of spores or seeds from distant celestial bodies.

Biogenesis—According to this hypothesis, life evolved from pre-existing life.

The modern view of life's genesis states that complex organic molecules can only be generated from simple inorganic molecules under certain conditions.

8. What is the difference between chemical evolution and organic evolution?

Ans: The difference between chemical and organic evolution is as given below,

9. Give the difference between homologous and analogous organs.

Ans: The difference between homologous and analogous organs is as given below:

10. State three laws of Mendel.

Ans: Mendel’s law-

Law of dominance- When two distinct character factors are present in an organism, only one (dominant factor) manifests itself, while the other (recessive factor) remains unexpressed.

Principle of segregation –At the moment of gamete formation, two elements of a character are separated, and each gamete receives only one factor for that character.

Principle of independent assortment- This concept asserts that one pair of contrasting qualities is independent of the other pair of contrasting traits when two or more pairs of contrasting traits are inherited.

11. Describe how the sex of the offspring is determined in the zygote ins human beings?

Ans: Males have the ability to create either X-type or Y-type gametes. The females only generate the X-type of gametes or ova. If X-type sperm unites with the ovum, the infant will have feminine sex. If Y-type sperm is used in conjunction with the ovum, the kid will be male. The baby's gender is determined at the time of conception. The baby's sex is determined at the time of conception.

12. Give a suitable explanation for “geographical isolation of individuals of a species lead to the formation of a new species?

Ans: Between the subpopulations, a reproduction barrier such as a river (geographical isolation) leads to:

Genetic drift, or chance changes in gene frequency, such as the selection of red or blue beetles over green beetles in the presence of crows.

Natural selection, or selection of the fittest by nature, e.g., in the presence of crows, green beetles are preferred over red beetles.

13. State the evolutionary force which leads to the origin of a new species.

Ans: The following are some of the evolution's elemental forces:

Mutation

Recombination (crossing over during meiosis, random gene assortment during gamete production)

Survival of the fittest or natural selection

Genetic drift is a term used to describe the process of a person's

14. What is a fossil? How do fossils tell us about the process of evolution?

Ans: Fossils are the dead remains of former live species. Paleontology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fossils. The study of fossils reveals that species evolved from pre-existing ones or that evolution has occurred and is still occurring in nature.

15. Give the difference between diploid and haploid.

Ans: The difference between diploid and haploid is as given below:

16. Who disproved Lamarckism and how?

Ans: August Weismann established that Lamark's acquired character could not be inherited. He began cutting the rat's tail at birth and proceeded for 21 generations. Tight-lipped rats, on the other hand, were never born. Because this feature does not alter the DNA of germ cells, it cannot be passed down the generations. As a result, alterations in an individual's non-reproductive tissue during their lifespan cannot be passed on to their progeny, and hence cannot direct evolution.

17. How does Archaeopteryx provide evidence for organic evolution?

Ans: Archeopteryx contains reptile-like characteristics, dinosaur-like characteristics, and bird-like characteristics such as wings. This demonstrates that birds and reptiles are closely linked. Reptiles may have evolved into birds.

18. What is divergent evolution? Explain with the help of an example.

Ans: Divergent evolution is the process of animals with distinct appearances evolving from common ancestors. This is also known as adaptive radiation, and it refers to the evolution of new forms in multiple directions from a common ancestor type. The evolution of wild cabbage is a current example of such a process. For more than 200 years, humans have cultivated wild cabbage as a food plant and used artificial selection to produce a variety of vegetables (such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kohlrabi, and kale). As a result, all of these distinct vegetable structures are descended from the same ancestor, which is wild cabbage.

19. What is the difference between reproductive and non-reproductive variations?

Ans: The difference between non-reproductive and reproductive variation is as given below:

20. Write similarities between Mendelian’s factors and genes.

Ans: Genes, like mendelian factors, contain information about phenotypes. They are the units of inheritance that transmit from one generation to the next without turning into children.

Genes occur in the form of alleles of a gene situated on homologous chromosomes, identical to mendelian factors.

During gamete development, alleles of a gene also segregate, and each gamete obtains just one amongst the two forms, identical to mendelian factors.

One of the alternate versions of a gene is dominant over another that lowers its expression, similar to Mendelian factors.

When genes are situated on distinct chromosomes or at a distance on the very same chromosome, they segregate and assort independently, similar to Mendelian factors.

21. How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?

Ans: Different individuals would have different sorts of advantages to adjust in a certain ecosystem depending on the nature of the variances. Variation allows individuals to create a variety of features that make creatures more bearable.

22. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?

Ans: In a Mendel monohybrid cross between tall and dwarf pea plants, all progeny in the \[{{\text{F}}_{\text{1}}}\] generation is tall, while \[75\] percent of pea plants in the \[{{\text{F}}_{2}}\] generation are tall but \[25%\] are dwarf. This demonstrates whether a characteristic is dominant or recessive.

23. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits are inherited independently?

Ans: When a round green seeded pea plant is crossed with a wrinkled yellow seeded pea plant in the \[{{\text{F}}_{\text{1}}}\] generation, all of the plants have round yellow seeds. However, two new features, round yellow and wrinkled green, develop in the \[{{\text{F}}_{2}}\] generation. This demonstrates that qualities are inherited separately.

24. A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits-blood group A or O- is dominant? Why or why not?

Ans: No, because the blood group is defined by a pair of genes, the information is insufficient. One came from the mother, while the other came from the father. In this situation, the youngster received the O blood group gene from both his mother and father.

25. How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?

Ans: A girl inheriting the X chromosome from her father will be a female, whereas a boy inheriting the Y chromosome will be a boy.

26. What factors could lead to the rise of a new species?

Ans: The following factors may contribute to the emergence of new species:

(a) In small breeding isolated populations, changes in gene frequency.

(b)Natural selection

27. Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of self-pollinating plant species? Why or why not?

Ans: No, because geographical barriers prevent breeding between sexually reproducing individuals in a community. Furthermore, asexually reproducing organisms pass on parental DNA to offspring, eliminating the possibility of speciation.

28. Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that reproduces asexually? Why or why not?

Ans: Yes, the two populations are separated due to geographical remoteness. The amount of gene flow between them will dwindle. The isolated population will breed with the local population, resulting in the isolated population being included in the new population.

29. What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution?

Ans: Fossils are preserved evidence of living animals that are found closer to the earth's surface and are more recent in origin than fossils discovered in deeper layers. Fossils can also aid in the discovery of evolutionary relationships between creatures.

30. A study found that children with light-coloured eyes are likely to have parents with light coloured eyes. On this basis, can we say anything about whether the light eye colour trait is dominant or recessive? Why or why not?

Ans: No,1 because parents pass on two copies of qualities, one from the mother and the other from the father. We can't identify which is dominant and which is recessive unless we understand the nature of these two types of attributes. When both parents contribute a recessive gene, recessive features arise. We can only assume that both parents contribute a recessive gene based on this remark.

31. Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples.

Ans: Analogous organs: These are organs that have similar functions but differ in structure and origin. For example, the wings of birds and insects.

Homologous organs: Organs with identical structure and origin, but with different functions. Frog, lizard, and bird forearms are examples.

32. What evidence do we have for the origin of life from inanimate matter?

Ans: Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey provided testimony in 1953. They created an atmosphere above water that was expected to exist on early Earth. They kept it at a temperature slightly below \[100\] degrees Celsius and stimulated lightning by passing sparks through the combination of gases. They discovered that \[15%\] of the carbon had been transformed to simple carbon compounds, such as amino acids, which make up protein molecules, at the end of the week.

33. Explain how sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations than asexual reproduction. How does this affect the evolution of those organisms that reproduce sexually?

Ans: Variations occur as a result of either DNA copying errors or sexual reproduction. Genetic heterogeneity in the population rises from generation to generation as a result of sexual reproduction. Because sexually reproducing organisms acquire half of their genes from each parent, this occurs. These differences are critical to the evolution process.

34. Only variations that confer an advantage to an individual organism will survive in a population. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not?

Ans: No, various individuals have different kinds of advantages depending on the kind of variances. However, when the environment undergoes a radical shift, only those organisms in the population that have a beneficial variation in that population would be able to live in the new environment.

35. How is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny?

Ans: During sexual reproduction, both male and female parents contribute equally to the child. Each progeny trait is determined by a pair of alleles, and male and female gametes each have one allele. During fertilisation, each allele pair combines to determine phenotypes. As a result, child qualities are decided by equal genes from both male and female parents.

36. Is it true that when a new species emerges, the old species is eliminated and why?

Ans: No, it is not true that as a new species emerges, the old one dies off.

Because when a species changes, it only affects a portion or a few individuals of the population. If the newly created species is better in any way, it will have a better chance of surviving, but if the genetic mutation is harmful to the environment, it will perish. As a result, unmodified members of other species may survive and thrive in a changing environment.

37. Why are traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual not inherited?

Ans: Changes in nonreproductive tissue or somatic cells cannot be passed on to the DNA of germ cells, hence traits acquired during a person's lifetime are not inherited. As a result, the acquired trait will perish with the individual's death. As a result, it is non-heritable and cannot be passed on through the generations.

38. The gene type of green stemmed tomato plants are denoted as GG and that of purple stemmed tomato plants as GG when these two are crossed.

(i) What colour of the stem would you expect in \[~{{F}_{1}}\] progeny?

Ans: Green is the colour of the \[{{\text{F}}_{\text{1}}}\] progeny.

(ii) Give the percentage of purple stemmed plants if F is self-pollinated.

Ans: In the \[{{\text{F}}_{2}}\] generation, the percentage of purple stemmed plants was \[{\scriptscriptstyle 1\!/\!{ }_4}\] or \[25%\].

(iii) In what ratio would you find the gene types CG and Gg in the F progeny?

Ans: CG and Gg genotype ratio is \[1:2\].

37. What are the causes of variations in clones?

Ans: Below given are the causes of variation in clones:-

(i) Amid DNA copying inaccuracies

(ii) Acquired variation refers to the effect of the environment.

(iii) Mutations are unidirectionally inheritable, sudden stable alterations caused by changes in genetic make-up.

38. The only variation that confers an advantage to an individual organism will survive in a population. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not?

Ans: We concur with the assertion. All of the variations do not have an equal chance of survival in their current environment. The nature of variation affects the probability of survival. Individuals benefit from a variety of advantages. In a heatwave, microorganisms that can endure heat will do better.

39. Study the given data and answer the questions following the data: Parental plants cross-fertilize and seeds collected \[~{{F}_{1}}\] First Generation offsprings \[~{{F}_{2}}\] of offsprings of self-pollination of \[~{{F}_{1}}\] Male parents always bare red flowers, Female parent always had white flowers, 330 seeds sown and observed, all 330 gave red flowers, out of 44 seeds 33 seeds gave plants with red flowers and 11 seeds gave plants with white flowers.

(i) What is the term for this type of cross?

Ans: Monohybrid cross

(ii) What does the data of the column marked F indicate?

Ans: The red colour of the bloom takes precedence over the white flower.

(iii) Express the gene type of the (a) parents (b) \[~{{F}_{1}}\] progeny and (c) \[~{{F}_{2}}\] progeny

Parents – (RR) and (rr)

\[~{{F}_{1}}\] progeny – Rr

\[~{{F}_{2}}\] progeny – RR, Rr and rr

40. Wild cabbage was converted into a number of variants like cauliflower, broccoli and cabbage by man. What is this process known as? Does it play an important role in organic evolution?

Ans: Artificial selection is the term for this method. Because it is similar to natural selection, it plays a crucial role in biological evolution. It aids in the production of new species with beneficial features in a shorter amount of time.

41. How are variant genotypes produced?

Ans: Variant genotypes can be created using the following methods:

(i) Gene and chromosomal mutations.

(ii) Gene recombination is a process in which two or more genes combine to form offspring with combinations of traits.

(iii) Gene hybridization is a term used to describe the process of combining two or more genes.

42. Can geographical isolation lead to speciation? How?

Ans: Geographic isolation can, in fact, lead to speciation. As a result of genetic drift, members of two subgroups may not be able to interbreed due to geographical isolation. Natural selection works differently in these subgroups as well. Speciation occurs as a result of this.

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

1. Answer the following questions:

(i) Who provided the evidence of DNA as genetic material?

Ans: Mendel.

(ii) Why is DNA called polynucleotide?

Ans: DNA is made up of many different nucleotide units.

(iii) List three important features of the double-helical model of DNA.

Ans: Important features-

(a) In helical, both chains run antiparallel.

(b) Purine (A, G) and pyrimidine are two nitrogenous bases (T, C).

2. Give the basic features of the mechanism of inheritance.

Ans: Characteristics of the inheritance mechanism-

(a) A pair of elements influence each character. It's possible that the factors are similar or dissimilar.

(b) When two distinct character factors are present in an organism, only one of them manifests itself, while the other remains silent.

(c) At the moment of gamete production, two elements of a character are separated, leaving only one factor for that character.

(d) Inheritance of two or more pairs of contrasting features in such a way that one pair is independent of the other pairs.

3. Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs.

Ans: Dogs have a variety of coats. Select a pure-bred male and female dog with a black coat (hair) colour or a pure-bred male and female dog with a brown coat (hair) colour to find the dominant coat (hair) colour in dogs. Cross a homozygous male BB with a homozygous female BB, then look at the coat colour of the offspring (offspring). If all of the progeny are black, this indicates that in dogs, black will be the dominant coat colour, and if the progeny has brown coats, brown will be the dominant coat colour.

Cross to identify dominant coat color in Dogs

And, if we make the Punnett square of the \[~{{F}_{1}}\] generation, we obtain Bb, Bb, Bb, Bb, i.e., all progeny is black. As a result, the dominant colour is determined to be black.

Learn More About Heredity and Evolution

The important questions for class 10 science chapter heredity and evolution cover every topic that is given in the chapter.

Genes can be defined as the functional unit of heredity. According to solved important questions for Heredity and Evolution Class 10, every gene is responsible for controlling one or several characteristic features in different living organisms. Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution important questions will help students to understand the topics easily.

Heredity can be defined as the process through which various features of an organism are passed from one generation to another. This process is carried out by genes. Another important topic from which many CBSE Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution important questions are asked is Mendel’s work.

It should be noted that Gregor Johann Mendel, who is also known as the ‘Father of Genetics’, was an Austrian Monk who worked on pea plants to explore the concept of heredity. It was his work that laid the foundation for the modern field of genetics. According to Gregor Johann Mendel, there are three basic laws of inheritance. These laws are:

The Law of Dominance

According to the law of dominance, a gene that has two contrasting alleles and the one gene always expresses itself is known as the dominant gene.

The Law of Segregation

The law of segregation states that the traits get segregated completely during the formation of gametes without any mixing of alleles.

The Law of Independent Assortment

According to the law of independent assortment, the traits can be segregated independently of different characters. This is done during the process of gamete formation.

Various concepts are related to this topic are as follows.

Dominant Traits

Dominant traits are traits that can express themselves in an organism under every possible combination. In the experiment that was carried out by Mendel, the tall trait of pea plants was dominant over the short trait.

Recessive Traits

Recessive traits are those traits that are not expressed in the presence of a dominant allele or dominant trait. Readers should remember that a recessive trait will not be expressed in the presence of a dominant allele.

Monohybrid Cross

During the crossing over of genes of two organisms, if only one trait is considered, then that type of cross is known as a monohybrid cross. Also, the monohybrid ratio is the ratio of characters that arises out of the monohybrid cross at F2 generation. The monohybrid ratio is 3:1.

Dihybrid Cross

If two characters are considered during a cross, then this type of cross is known as a dihybrid cross. The dihybrid ratio is the ratio of characters that arises out of a dihybrid cross at F2 generation. The dihybrid ratio is 9:3:3:1.

Inheritance

It is the process of transfer of traits from one generation to another in biology.

Sex Determination

Sex determination is the process in which the sex of an individual can be determined. This is done on the basis of the composition of genetic material. In various animals, the sex of an embryo is identified by considering different factors.

In human beings, the process of sex determination is carried out on the basis of the presence or absence of the Y chromosome. If XX chromosomes are present, then the child is a female and if XY chromosomes are present, then the child is a male.

Traits are characteristic features of an organism. These features are visible in a physical form or in the physiological aspect of an organism.

The different types of characters or traits are:

Acquired Characters: The characters that are acquired by an organism through experience or over the period of his or her lifetime are known as acquired characters. These characters might not be passed on to the next generation through genes.

Inherited Characters: These characters are inherited by the offspring from the parent through genes. These characters might be expressed or not expressed depending on whether the trait is dominant or recessive. For example, skin colour, height, and eye colour.

Genetic Variation

Genetic variations can be explained as the difference in the DNA sequences that are present among every organism. This leads to a varied and diverse gene pool. These differences also result in different physical characters and biochemical pathways.

Natural Selection

Natural selection can be explained as the process by which a favorable trait is selected from a population of a species. This occurs due to the changing natural conditions, which further exert equal pressure on all living organisms.

This further leads to a scenario where the organisms or species that are better adapted to coping up with the exerted pressure survive. In other words, those organisms are selected by nature and cannot perish.

Genetic Drift

Genetic drift is the process through which random fluctuations in gene variants occur due to various reasons. Genetic drift can also be defined as the change in the frequency of an existing allele in a small population. Due to genetic drift, a gene variant might completely disappear from a population. This also reduces genetic variation.

Speciation is the process through which new species are formed from existing species. This can be the result of various evolutionary forces like isolation of populations, genetic drift, and natural selection.

Students should also remember that Charles Darwin is known as the ‘Father of Evolution.’ He was an English biologist and naturalist. He wrote a theory of evolution, which was published in a book called Origin of Species in 1859.

Now, let’s move to the topic of evolution. Evolution can be best explained as a type of tangible change in the heritable characteristics of a population. This change occurs over several generations. For evolution, new species arise or the pre-existing species might become better at dealing with several environmental stressors.

There is also a theory on the origin of life. This theory was given by J. B. S. Haldane, who was a British scientist. According to this theory, life originated from lifeless and organic matter. This theory was proved to be correct by an experiment that was carried out by Urey and Miller. This theory is also known as the theory of abiogenesis. There is also much evidence that supports the theory of evolution. One of those evidences is fossils. Fossils can be defined as the preserved remains of ancient animals or plants that died millions of years ago. These fossils help scientists to understand the physiology and anatomy of organisms that existed millions of years ago on earth. This is the biggest evidence of how evolution worked and led to the formation of organisms that exist on earth today.

We know that humans belong to the primate family, and there are many studies that prove that humans have a very close genetic connection to chimps and other primate organisms. According to several theories on human evolution, it has been stated that some ancestors of human beings are Dryopithecurs, Ramapithecus, Homo erectus, Ramapithecus, neanderthalensis, and Cro-magnon man. Interestingly, the story of human evolution has also been traced back to Africa.

Why Should You Download Important Questions of Heredity and Evolution Class 10 From Vedantu?

There are many reasons for downloading the important questions of Heredity and Evolution chapter from Vedantu. Some of these reasons are:

All questions and answers are framed by the highly experienced academic experts.

These questions are as per the latest syllabus of CBSE Class 10 .

It becomes easier to revise all the topics covered in this chapter by referring to these questions and answers from the this PDF.

Solving and practicing these important questions will help students to score well in the exams.

Also, the important questions PDF is available for free download on Vedantu, hence accessible for all students.

Apart from solved important questions for class 10 science heredity and evolution PDF, Vedantu also provides students with online live classes. Students can join these classes for a better learning experience.

Important Related Links for CBSE Class 10 Science

Reviewing all the crucial questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution provides students with a solid grasp of the chapter's topics. The extra and important questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution engage in a concept-focused discussion encompassing all chapter themes. This question-and-answer method proves time-saving during exam prep, offering an efficient way to revise the chapter and enhance understanding. Practicing these important questions streamlines preparation and boosts confidence for the upcoming exams.

FAQs on Important Questions for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution 2024-25

1. Does Vedantu Provide Class 10 Heredity and Evolution Important Questions for Download?

Yes, students can download Class 10 Heredity and Evolution important questions PDF from Vedantu. This PDF file is available for free download. So, all that you have to do is simply install the Vedantu app and start practicing the questions.

2. What are the Important Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Important Questions?

Some important topics of Chapter 9 of Class 10 Science NCERT book are:

Understanding DNA and RNA.

The evidence for considering DNA as the genetic material.

The mechanism of inheritance and evolution.

3. What do You Understand by Human Evolution?

Humans belong to the primate family and the story of human evolution has been traced back to the continent of Africa. According to studies, human evolution occurred in the following chain.

Dryopithecus → Ramapithecus → Australopithecus → Homo erectus → Homo neanderthalensis → cro-magnon man → Homo sapiens.

4. Why is hereditary variation important according to Chapter 9 of Class 10 Science?

Heredity is about traits and characters being transferred from parents to offspring. Hereditary variation includes variation in the genomes that alter genes in all organisms. Genetic variation is essential for the survival of the species because growth is restricted in the case of definite disparity in genes. Also, evolution in different generations comes with genetic enhancement and variations. For example, you may have similar traits and looks as your great-grandparents but your personality is more like that of your parents.

5. What is the basis of evolution as explained in Chapter 9 of Class 10 Science?

Evolution is based on the theory that constant changes take place in the living organisms over many years to form new species. Charles Darwin also proposed the theory of evolution which states that it is natural to have some variation. Evolution occurs because some organisms are not fit to live in the available surroundings. Thus, changes take place in the organisms so that they can live comfortably in the available environment which leads to the evolution of new species.

6. What are the carriers of genes according to Chapter 9 of Class 10 Science?

Genes are carried by chromosomes. Genes are transmitted from parents to offspring through chromosomes. An equal number of chromosomes are shared from both parents to produce new offspring. Some genes from each parent are transmitted to the child. Genes are responsible for transmitting hereditary characters from parents to children. Genes are present on chromosomes. Genes control one or more characteristic features in living organisms. Students will study the concept of genes and chromosomes and other related topics in Chapter 9 of Class 10 Science.

7. What do you understand about dominant and recessive traits as discussed in Chapter 9 of Class 10 Science?

Dominant traits mean the traits can express themselves when combined in any form. Recessive traits mean they cannot express themselves if a dominant trait is present. If a dominant allele is present then the recessive trait could not be expressed. For example, an experiment carried by Mendel showed that the tall trait was dominant and the short trait was recessive. Students can understand the Concepts Of Chapter 9 of Class 10 Science from the important questions available on Vedantu related to the chapter. These study material can be downloaded free of cost from Vedantu’s official website (vedantu.com)

8. What are acquired and inherited traits according to Chapter 9 of Class 10 Science?

Acquired traits are the characteristics that are acquired by a living organism during a lifetime and they are not transmitted from parents to children. Acquired traits are unique and are not passed from one generation to another. Inherited traits means the characteristics of an individual that are acquired or passed on from parents to children. Inherited traits are transmitted through genes from parents to children and are passed on from one generation to another.

CBSE Class 10 Science Important Questions

Cbse study materials.

Case Based Questions Test: Heredity & Evolution - Class 10 MCQ

19 questions mcq test - case based questions test: heredity & evolution, read the below passage and answer the following question: meena studied the forelimbs of three organisms and she found that organism x had long and short bones, covered with muscles, which are used for running. the organism y had long and short bones, covered with feathers used for flying. the organism z has a layer of a complex chemical with supporting framework which is not made of bones and which is used for flying. q. analogous structures are.

A. Structurally similar
B. Functionally similar
C. Structurally and functionally similar
D. Normally non-functional

Read the below passage and answer the following question: Meena studied the forelimbs of three organisms and she found that organism X had long and short bones, covered with muscles, which are used for running. The organism Y had long and short bones, covered with feathers used for flying. The organism Z has a layer of a complex chemical with supporting framework which is not made of bones and which is used for flying. Q. The name given to the forelimbs of organisms X and Y?

A. Homologous organs
B. Analogous organs
C. Vestigial organs

Read the below passage and answer the following question: Meena studied the forelimbs of three organisms and she found that organism X had long and short bones, covered with muscles, which are used for running. The organism Y had long and short bones, covered with feathers used for flying. The organism Z has a layer of a complex chemical with supporting framework which is not made of bones and which is used for flying. Q. The name is given to the forelimbs of organisms Y and Z is:

Read the below passage and answer the following question:

Fossils are formed layer by layer in a sequence. It is a slow process that is totally dependent on where the organism dies. In the ocean, fossils are settled at the bottom in the soil or sand. In the course of time, these layers changed into rocks due to the presence of the water above and also due to chemical reactions. The distribution pattern of fossils shows that the ancient fossils present in the bottom rocks are simple, while the most recent fossils found in the upper strata are highly evolved. It means fossils form and become more and more complex as we proceed from earliest to recent rocks.

Q. If the fossil of an organism is found in the deeper layers of earth, then we can predict that

A. the extinction of organism has occurred recently
B. the extinction of organism has occurred thousands of years ago
C. the fossil position in the layers of earth is not related to its time of extinction
D. time of extinction cannot be determined

Q. Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly but birds have feathers that help them to fly. In the context of evolution this means that

A. reptiles have evolved from birds
B. there is no evolutionary connection between reptiles and birds
C. feathers are homologous structures in both the organisms
D. birds have evolved from reptiles

Q. Which of these statements is correct about the importance of fossils in the study of organic evolution?

A. It provides a missing link between the species.
B. They tell us about prehistoric organisms.
C. It helps in establishing the time period in which organisms lived.
D. All of these

Q. Which of the following constitutes a fossil?

A. A mineralized burrow of an extinct animal
B. An unidentified animal found frozen in a glacier
C. An ant found inside a block of amber, dating back to 110 million years
D. All of the above

Fossils are formed when dead organisms are not completely decomposed. The organisms may get trapped in resins of trees, lava of volcanoes or hot mud, which when hardened retains the animal’s parts thus forming fossils.

Q. Which of these organisms is fossilized?

A. Trilobite

Read the passage and answer the following questions:

There were three animals: A, B and C. Animal A can fly but animal B can only run on ground or walls. However, the forelimbs of animal A and B, both have the same basic design but they were used for different purposes such as flying and running respectively. The animal C became extinct a long time ago. The study of fossils of animal C tells us that it had some features like those of A and some like those of B. In fact, animal C is said to form a connecting link in the evolutionary chain of A and B.

Q. The animal C is

B. Archaeopteryx
C. Peripatus

Q. Which is the correct evolutionary chain involving A, B and C.

A. C → A → B
B. B → C → A
C. A → B → C
D. C → B → A

Q. A belongs to _______ and B belongs to _________ group respectively.

Fish, Amphibian

Birds, Reptile

Birds, Mammals

Fish, Reptile

Archaeopteryx had feathered wings like those of birds and tail like those of reptiles

Q. Select the correct statement.

A. Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are homologous
B. Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are analogous
C. Wings of birds and limbs of lizards are analogous
D. Wings of bird and wings of bat are homologous

Q. _____________ name is given to the forelimbs like those of A and B, which have the same basic design but different functions?

A. Analogous organs
B. Homologous organs
D. None of these

Seema crossed purebred pea plants having round-yellow seeds with wrinkled green seeds and found that only A-B type of seeds were produced in the F1 generation. When F1 generation pea plants having A-B type of seeds were crossbreed by self pollination, then in addition to the original round yellow and wrinkled green seeds, two new varieties A-D and C-B types of seeds were also obtained.

Q. What are A-B types of seeds?

A. Round -yellow
B. Round- green
C. Wrinkled- yellow
D. Wrinkled- green

Q. A-D are __________ and C-B are _______ type of seeds.

A. Round green and wrinkled yellow respectively
B. Round yellow and wrinkled green respectively
C. Wrinkled green and round green respectively
D. Wrinkled green and round yellow respectively

C-B type of seeds produced are wrinkled and yellow (rrYY or rrYy) in nature.

Q. The above cross is known as

A. Monohybrid cross
B. Dihybrid cross
C. Test cross
D. Back cross

In a cross between plants with purple flowers and plants with white flowers, the offspring of F 1 generation all had white flowers. When the F1 generation was self-crossed, it was observed in the F 2 generation that out of 100, 75 flowers were white. Make a cross and answer the following questions:

Q. The ratio of ‘White: Purple’ flowers in the F 2 generation is

Study the given cross showing self pollination in F 1 and answer the questions

RRYY × rryy Parents

(Round Yellow) (Wrinkled Green)

RrYy × ________ F1 generation

(Round Yellow)

Q. The missing black in the above cross is:

RrYy × ________ F 1 generation

Q. The ratio of the combination of characters in the F 2 progeny is:

An example of dihybrid cross: Since, the F 1 plants are formed after crossing pea plants having green round seeds and pea plants having yellow wrinkled seeds. F 1 generation will have both these characters in them. However, as we know that yellow seed colour and round seeds are dominant characters, therefore, the F 1 plants will have yellow round seeds.

Then, this F 1 progeny was self-pollinated and the F 2 progeny was found to have yellow round seeds, green round seeds, yellow wrinkled seeds and green wrinkled seeds in the ratio 9:3:3:1.

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Unit 4: Heredity and evolution

About this unit.

In this unit, we will explore what genes are, how heredity works, what evolution is and so much more.

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Heredity and Variation Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Heredity & Mendel's experiment

Why Mendel chose peas (Opens a modal)
Mendel's experiment (monohybrid cross) (Opens a modal)
Dominance & segregation laws (Opens a modal)
The law of segregation (Opens a modal)
Independent assortment (dihybrid cross) (Opens a modal)
The law of independent assortment (Opens a modal)
Introduction to heredity review (Opens a modal)
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Mendel's Experiments Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!
Introduction to heredity Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Traits, genes, chromosomes, & DNA

Genes, DNA & chromosomes (Opens a modal)

Sex determination

Sex determination (Opens a modal)
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Evolution & natural selection (Opens a modal)
Genetic drift (Opens a modal)
Acquired vs inherited traits (Opens a modal)
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Species (Opens a modal)
Speciation (with example) (Opens a modal)
Genetic variation, gene flow, and new species (Opens a modal)
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Evolution & classification

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Evolution is not progress

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Class 10 NCERT Solutions

Ncert solutions for class 10 science chapters:, why are acquired characters not inheritable, what do you mean by chromosome, how can we trace evolutionary relationships, what is dna copying, what is the effect of dna copying which is not perfectly accurate on the reproduction process, contact form.

Class 10th Science - Heredity and Evolution Case Study Questions and Answers 2022 - 2023

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Heredity and evolution case study questions with answer key.

10th Standard CBSE

Final Semester - June 2015

Sex determination is the method by which distinction between males and females is established in a species. The sex of an individual is determined by specific chromosomes. These chromosomes are called sex chromosomes or allosomes. X and Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes. The normal chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes of an individual are known as autosomes. (i) In XX-XO type of sex determination (a) females produce two different types of gametes (b) males produce two different types of gametes (c) females produce gametes with Y chromosome (d) males produce gametes with Y chromosome. (ii) A couple has six daughters. What is the possibility of their having a girl next time?

(iii) Number of autosomes present in liver cells of a human female is

(iv) XX-XO type of sex determination and XX-XY type of sex determination are the examples of

(v) Select the incorrect statement. (a) In male grasshoppers, 50% of sperms have no sex chromosome (b) Female fruitfly is heterogametic (c) Human male produces two types of sperms 50% having X chromosome and 50% having Y chromosomes (d) In turtle, sex determination is regulated by environmental factors.

Gregor Mendel conducted hybridisation experiments on garden peas for seven years and proposed the laws of inheritance in living organisms. He investigated characters in the garden pea plant that were manifested as two opposing traits, e.g., tall or dwarf plants, yellow and green seeds, etc. (i) Among the seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plant as studied by Mendel, the number of traits related to flower, pod and seed respectively were

(ii) The colour based contrasting traits in seven contrasting pairs, studied by Mendel in pea plant were

(iii) Refer to the given table of contrasting traits in pea plants studied by Mendel.

Which of the given traits is correctly placed? (a) (i), (ii) and (iii) only (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only (c) (ii) and (iii) only (d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) (iv) Some of the dominant traits studied by Mendel were (a) round seed shape, green seed colour and axial flower position (b) terminal flower position, green pod colour and inflated pod shape (c) violet flower colour, green pod colour and round seed shape (d) wrinkled seed shape, yellow pod colour and axial flower position. (v) Which of the following characters was not chosen by Mendel?

Mendel crossed tall and dwarf pea plants to study the inheritance of one gene. He collected the seeds produced as a result of this cross and grew them to generate plants of the first hybrid generation which is called the first filial progeny or F 1 : Mendel then self pollinated the tall F 1 plants and he obtained F 2 generation. (i) In garden pea, round shape of seeds is dominant over wrinkled shape. A pea plant heterozygous for round shape of seed is selfed and 1600 seeds produced during the cross are subsequently germinated. How many seedlings would have non-parental phenotype?

(ii) If 'A' represents the dominant gene and 'a' represents its recessive allele, which of the following would be the most likely result in the first generation offspring when Aa is crossed with aa ? (a) All will exhibit dominant phenotype. (b) All will exhibit recessive phenotype. (c) Dominant and recessive phenotypes will be 50% each. (d) Dominant phenotype will be 75%. (iii) Which of the following crosses will give tall and dwarf pea plants in same proportions?

(iv) What result Mendel would have got, if he self pollinated a homozygous tall F 2 plant? (a) TT and Tt (b) All Tt (c) All TT (d) All tt (v) In plant, tall phenotype is dominant over dwarf phenotype, and the alleles are designated as T and t, respectively. Upon crossing one tall and one dwarf plant, total 250 plants were obtained, out of which 124 displayed tall phenotype and rest were dwarf. Thus, the genotype of the parent plants were (a) TT x TT (b) TT x tt (c) Tt x Tt d) Tt x tt.

The cross that include the inheritance of two pairs of contrasting characters simultaneously is referred as dihybrid cross. Mendel chose pure breeding plants for yellow and green seeds and round and wrinkled shape of seeds. He cross pollinated the plant having yellow round seeds with plant having green wrinkled seeds. All the plants produced in F 1 generation were having, yellow round seeds. The plants raised from these seeds were self pollinated, that resulted in production of plants having four phenotypically different types of seeds. (i) When a cross is made between a yellow round seeded plant (YyRr) and a yellow wrinkled seeded plant (Yyrr), what is true regarding the proportions of phenotypes of the offsprings in F 1 generation?

(ii) How many types of gametes can be produced by YYrr?

(iii) In Mendelian dihybrid cross, when heterozygous tall plant with green seeds are self crossed the progenies are

(iv) When round yellow seeded heterozygous pea plants are self fertilised, the frequency of occurrence of RrYY genotype among the offsprings is

(v) The percentage of yr gamete produced by YyRr parent will be

In human, the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant over that for blue eyes (b). A brown eyed woman marries a blue eyed man, and they have six children. Four of the children are brown eyed and two of them are blue eyed. (i) What is the genotype of blue eyed offspring?

(ii) What is the woman's genotype?

(iii) The ovum, produced by the mother carries the gene regarding eye colour is

(iv) The ratio of brown eyed children to blue eyed children in this family is 2 : 1, which deviates from typical phenotypic ratios for monohybrid inheritance. What might be the reason? (a) Gametes carrying the brown eyed allele are more viable then those with the blue eyed allele. (b) A different pattern of inheritance other than monohybrid inheritance is involved. (c) Not all of their babies survived childbirth, thus causing a distortion in the actual ratio. (d) The actual ratio differs from the expected ratio because the sample size is too small. (v) What is the gene carried by of the man's sperm regarding the eye colour?

Purebred pea plant with smooth seeds (dominated characteristic) were crossed with purebred pea plant with wrinkled seeds (recessive characteristic). The F 1 generation was self pollinated to give rise to the F 2 generation. (i) What is the expected observation of the F 1 generation of plants? (a) 1/2 of them have smooth seeds and 1/2 of the have wrinkled seeds. (b) 1/4 of them have wrinkled seeds and 3/4 of them have smooth seeds. (c) 3/4 of them have wrinkled seeds and 1/4 of them have smooth seeds. (d) All of them have smooth seeds. (ii) What is the expected observation of the F 2 generation of plants? (a) 1/2 of them have smooth seeds and 1/2 of them have wrinkled seeds. (b) 1/4 of them have wrinkled seeds and 3/4 of them have smooth seeds. (c) 3/4 of them have wrinkled seeds and 1/4 of them have smooth seeds. (d) All of them have smooth seeds. (iii) If a genotype consists of different types of alleles, it is called

(iv) The alternative form of gene is called

(v) Which of the following will be the genotypic ratio of given F 2 generation?

In fruittlies, the gene for wing shape has two alleles, an unusual allele for curled wings (c) and the normal allele for straight wings (C). The given phenotypes are observed for each genotype.

(i) Which of the following crosses would produce live offspring from 50% of the eggs?

(i) (d) (ii) (a) (iii) (a): 25% of the total number of eggs will not hatch (genotype cc). 50% of the offspring will be curlywinged (Cc) and 25% of the offspring are straightwinged (CC). (iv) (c) (v) (b)

(ii) Which of the following crosses would be able to produce offspring that would fly normally from 50% of the egg?

(iii) Two curly winged flies are crossed, and they produce 150 eggs. What is the proportion of straight-winged flies expected among the live offspring?

(iv) Normal straight winged flies are self crossed and they produce 120 eggs. What is the proportion of curly winged flies expected among the live offspring?

(v) Which of the following crosses would be able to produce offspring that has curled wings only?

(ii) Which of the following could be the genotype of generation - 1 male and female?

(iii) If X married an albino female, then what is the probability that their children would be albino?

(iv) If Y married a normal homozygous male, then what is the probability that their children would be albino?

(v) Which of the following could be the genotype of offsprings produced by cross of X and Y?

Refer to the given table regarding results of F2 generation of Mendelian cross.

(i) Which of the following would be the phenotype of F 1 generation regarding given data of F 2 generation? (a) Plants with round and yellow coloured seeds (b) Plants with round and green coloured seeds (c) Plants with wrinkled and yellow coloured seeds (d) Plants with wrinkled and green coloured seeds. (ii) Which of the following would be the genotype of parental generation regarding given result of F 2 generation?

(iii) If plant with wrinkled and green coloured seeds (S) is crossed with plant having wrinkled and yellow coloured seeds (R), what will be the probable phenotype of offsprings? (a) All plants with wrinkled and yellow coloured seeds (b) 50% plants with wrinkled and yellow coloured seeds and 50% plants with wrinkled and green coloured seeds (c) All plants with wrinkled and green coloured seeds (d) Both (a) and (b). (iv) Which of the following will result when plant YyRr is self-pollinated? (a) 9: 3 : 3 : 1 ratio of phenotypes only (b) 9: 3 : 3 : 1 ratio of genotypes only (c) 1-: 1 : 1 : 1 ratio of phenotypes only (d) 1: 1 : 1 : 1 ratio of phenotypes and genotypes (v) The percentage of yR gamete produced by YyRR parent will be

Pea plants can have smooth seeds or wrinkled seeds. One of the phenotypes is completely dominant over the other. A farmer decides to pollinate one flower of a plant with smooth seeds using pollen from plant with wrinkled seeds. The resulting pea pod has all smooth seeds. (i) Which of the following conclusions can be drawn? 1. The allele for smooth seeds is dominated over that of wrinkled seeds. 2. The plant with smooth seeds is heterozygous. 3. The plant with wrinkled seeds is homozygous.

(ii) Which of the following crosses will give smooth and wrinkled seeds in same proportion?

(iii) Which of the following cross can be used to determine the genotype of a plant with dominant phenotype?

(v) The characters which appear in the first filial generation are called

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Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution

Get extra questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution with PDF. Our subject expert prepared these solutions as per the latest NCERT textbook. These extra questions will be helpful to revise the important topics and concepts. You can easily download all the questions and answers in PDF format from our app.

Heredity And Evolution Class 10 Science Extra Questions with Answers

Question 1: What is a gene?

Answer: Gene is the unit of inheritance. Gene is the part of a chromosome which controls the appearance of a set of hereditary characteristics.

Question 2: What is meant by analogous organs? Taking a suitable example, explain how they support the theory of Organic Evolution.

Answer: Analogous organs are those organs which I have different basic structural design and developmental origin but have similar appearance and perform similar functions.

Example: The wings of birds and bats look similar but have different design in their structure. They have a common function of flying but their origins are not common. So, birds and bats are not closely related.

Question 3: What is a sex chromosome?

Answer: Sex chromosome is a chromosome that operates in the sex-determining mechanism of a species. Many animals have two different types of sex chromosomes. For example, in human there is a large X chromosome and a much smaller Y chromosome.

Question 4: “The sex of the children is determined by what they inherit from their father and not their mother.” Justify.

Answer: It is because a child who inherits an X chromosome from her father will be a girl and one who inherits a Y chromosome from his father will be a boy. But all children inherit a X chromosome from their mother regardless of whether they are boys or girls.

Question 5: Define variation in relation to a species. Why is variation beneficial to the species?

Answer: Variation refers to the differences in the characters or traits among the individuals of a species. Variations are beneficial to the species because:

They enable the organisms to adapt themselves in changing environment.
Variations form the basis of heredity.
They form the raw materials for evolution and development of new species.

Question 6: Describe briefly four ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population.

Answer: The four ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population are as follows:

Sexual reproduction results into variations.
The individuals with special traits survive the attack of their predators and multiply while the other
will perish.
Genetic drift provides diversity without any adaptation.
Variations in the species may lead to increased survival of the individuals.

Question 7: What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution?

Answer: The remains of dead plants and animals which were buried under the rocks millions of years ago are called fossils.

Fossils tell us about the process of evolution. The fossils of different organisms have some features similar to one species while some features are similar to the other species. In this way, they show the link between two species. They tell us that one species evolves from the other.

Question 8: Give one example each of characters that are inherited and the ones that are acquired in humans. Mention the difference between the inherited and the acquired characters.

Answer: Eye colour or hair colour of a person is an example of inherited character whereas, body weight is an example of acquired character.

The basic difference between inherited and acquired character is that inherited character is passed on from parent to offspring and acquired characters are acquired by an individual during his lifetime depending upon his lifestyle.

Question 9: How is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny?

Answer: During sexual reproduction, a female gamete or egg cell fuses with a male gamete or sperm cell which are haploid to form zygote. Zygote is diploid which contains 23 chromosomes from mother and 23 from father. In this way, an equal genetic contribution of male and female parents is ensured in the progeny.

Question 10: What evidence do we have for the origin of life from inanimate matter?

Answer: Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey provided evidence regarding origin of life from inanimate matter. They assembled an atmosphere similar to that existed on early earth. The atmosphere had molecules like ammonia, methane and hydrogen sulphide, but no oxygen and kept over water at temperature just below 100°C. Sparks were passed through the mixture of gases. At the end of a week, 15% carbon from methane had been converted to simple compounds of carbon like amino acids which make-up protein molecules. So, life arose afresh on earth.

Question 12: Define ‘evolution’. Describe Darwin’s theory of evolution. [All India]

Answer: Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes which take place in the primitive organisms over millions of years and new species are produced. Since, the evolution is of the living organisms, so it is called ‘Organic Evolution’.

Darwin’s theory of Evolution: Charles Robert Darwin gave the theory of evolution in his famous book, ‘The Origin of Species’. The theory of evolution proposed by Darwin is known as ‘The Theory of Natural Selection’. It is also called ‘Darwinism’.

According to Darwin’s theory of evolution:

There is natural variation within any population and some individuals have more favourable variations than others.
Population remains fairly constant even though all species produce a large number of off springs.
This is due to ‘competition’ or struggle for existence between same and different species.
The struggle for survival within population eliminates the unfit individuals and those with ‘favourable variations’ survive and pass on these variations to their progeny to continue. This is called natural selection.
The favourable variations are accumulated over a long time period leading to the origin of a new species.

Question 13: Distinguish between acquired and inherited traits by giving one example of each. Why are traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual not inherited?

Answer: Acquired trait is a particular characteristic that is developed during the lifetime of an individual. Such characteristics are not genetically controlled and cannot be passed on to the next generation. Example: Loss of weight due to starvation.

Inherited trait is the transmission of particular characteristics from parents to their off springs, generation to generation. Such traits are genetically determined characteristic that distinguishes a person. Example: Colour of skin.

The acquired traits cannot change the DNA of the germ cells. Therefore, the acquired traits cannot be inherited over generations during the lifetime of an individual.

Question 14: The human beings who look so different from each other in terms of colour, size and looks are said to belong to the same species. Why? Justify your answer.

Answer: Human beings are said to belong to the same species because of the following reasons:

DNA studies.
Number of chromosome is same,
All have a common ancestor.
They interbreed among themselves to produce fertile young ones of their own kind.

Question 15: Explain the mechanism of sex determination in humans. Or With the help of a flow chart explain in brief how the sex of a newborn is genetically determined in human beings. Which of the two parents, the mother or the father, is responsible for determination of sex of a child?

Class 10 Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Extra Questions 15

Mechanism of Sex Determination in Human Beings:

In human beings, the sex of the individual is genetically determined.

Sex determination is the process by which sex of a new born individual can be determined.
Human beings have 1 unpaired sex chromosome. Sex chromosome of male is XY and of female is XX.
Sex of a child depends on what happens at fertilisation.

Thus, father is responsible for the determination of the sex of a child.

Question 16: With the help of suitable examples explain natural selection.

Answer: Let us assume that there exist a group of red beetles in some green bushes. Due to variation during sexual reproduction one green beetle evolved among them. This green beetle can pass the colour to its progeny which are green beetles.

Crows cannot see green beetles in green bushes and therefore, cannot eat them. The progeny of green beetles are not eaten while the progeny of red beetles continued to be eaten. As a result there are more and more green beetles in the beetle population. The progeny of green beetles increase due to natural selection which gives survival advantage.

Question 17: Explain the terms: (i) Speciation (ii) Natural selection

Answer: (i) Speciation is the evolution of reproductive isolation among once-interbreeding populations, i.e. the development of one or more species from an existing species.

(ii) Natural selection is the process, according to Darwin, which brings about the evolution of new species of animals and plants.

Question 18: Explain with examples how the following are evidences in favour of evolution in organisms. (i) Homologous organs (ii) Analogous organs (iii) Fossils

Answer: (i) Forelimb of human and bird are homologous organs. They have same structural design and developmental origin but they have different functions and appearance. Homologous organs help us to understand that the organism has evolved from a common ancestor. The more common characteristics the two species have, the more closely they are related.

(ii) Analogous organs are those organs design and developmental origin but have similar appearance and perform similar functions.

(iii) Fossils and their study is useful in knowing about the species which are no longer alive. They provide evidence and missing links between two classes. They are helpful in forming a sequence of organisms in the pathway of evolution. Thus, fossils have an importance in deciding evolutionary relationship. Archaeopteryx is a fossil bird. It had feathers, fused bones and beak which are exclusively bird structures. It also had some features which are found in reptiles, e.g. teeth in jaw, claws on free fingers and a long tail. This fossil provides a clue that birds have evolved from reptiles.

Question 19: Give an example of body characteristics used to determine how close two species are in terms of evolution and explain it.

Answer: Homologous organs help to identify the relationship between organisms. These characteristics in different organisms would be similar because they have inherited from a common ancestor.

For example, forelimbs of human and wings of birds show closeness between the two species because the organs have similar basic structural design of limbs though it has been modified to perform different functions.

Question 20: What are homologous organs? Can the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat be regarded as homologous? Why?

Answer: Homologous organs are those organs which have the same basic structural design and developmental origin but have different functions and appearance.

Example: The forelimb of a frog, a lizard, a bird and a man seem to be built from the same basic design of bones, but they perform different functions.

Class 10 Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Extra Questions 20

No, the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat cannot be considered homologous organs because they have a common function for flying but their origin and structure are not common. So, they are analogous organs.

Question 21: What is meant by the term speciation? List four factors which could lead to speciation.

Answer: Speciation is the evolution of reproductive isolation among once interbreeding population.

Factors which can lead to speciation are:

Genetic drift: Over generations, genetic drift may accumulate which leads to speciation.
Natural selection: Natural selection may work differently in different location which may give rise to speciation.
Severe DNA change.
A variation may occur which does not allow sexual act between two groups.

Question 22: Distinguish between homologous organs and analogous organs. In which category; would you place wings of a bird and wings of a bat? Justify your answer giving a suitable reason.

Wings of a bird and wings of a bat are analogous organs as they have different basic structural design but have similar appearance and perform similar functions.

Question 23: A blue colour flower plant denoted by BB is cross breed with that of white colour flower plant denoted by bb. (a) State the colour of flower you would expect in their F1 generation plants. (b) What must be the percentage of white flower plants in F2 generation if flowers of F1 plants are self-pollinated? (c) State the expected ratio of the genotypes BB and Bb in the F2 progeny. [Delhi]

Answer:

Class 10 Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Extra Questions 23

Question 24: Define the term ‘evolution’. “Evolution cannot be equated with progress”. Justify this statement.

Answer: Evolution is the sequence of gradual change which takes place in primitive organisms over millions of years and new organisms are formed. Evolution cannot be equated to progress from lower forms to higher forms. It seems to have given rise to more complex body designs even while the simpler body designs continue to flourish. For example, human beings have not evolved from chimpanzees, but both have common ancestor.

Question 25: If we cross pure-bred tall (dominant) pea plant with pure-bred dwarf (recessive) pea plant we will get pea plants of F1 generation. If we now self-cross the pea plant of F2 generation, then we obtain pea plants of F2 generation. (a) What do the plants of F2 generation look like? (b) State the ratio of tall plants to dwarf plants in F2 generation. (c) State the type of plants not found in F2 generation but appeared in F2 generation, mentioning the reason for the same.

Answer: (a) All plants of F1 generation will be tall plants. (b) 3:1 (c) Dwarf trait is recessive trait which was not expressed in the F1 generation, the recessive trait gets expressed in the F2 generation after self-pollination.

Question 26: How are fossils formed? Describe, in brief, two methods of determining the age of fossils.

Answer: When organisms die, their bodies decompose due to action of microorganisms. However, sometime the body or at least some parts of the body may be in such an environment that does not let it decompose completely. All such preserved traces of living organisms are called fossils. The age of fossils can be estimated by the following two methods:

If we dig into the earth and start finding fossils, it can be assumed that the fossils closer to the surface are more recent to those found in deeper layers.
By detecting the ratios of different isotopes of the same element in the fossil material.

Question 27: State the meaning of inherited traits and acquired traits. Which of the two is not passed on to the next generation? Explain with the help of an example.

Answer: Inherited traits are the characteristics transmitted from parents to their offspring. Acquired traits are characteristics which are developed during the lifetime of an individual. Acquired traits are not passed on to the next generation. For example, if we breed a group of mice, all their progeny will have tails. Now, if the tails of these mice are removed by surgery and allowed to breed, the next generation mice will also have tails. If these tails are also removed and allowed to breed, the progeny of mice will again have tails. Removal of tail by surgery is an acquired trait and do not change the genes of germ cells and hence, are not passed on to the next generation.

Question 28: “An individual cannot pass on to its progeny the experiences of its lifetime.” Justify the statement with the help of an example and also give reason for the same.

Answer: Experience achieved during the lifetime of an individual does not make any change in the gene of the individual.

For example: if a person reads a book on birds, the knowledge he earns by reading the book does not make any change in the gene, hence, this knowledge will not get automatically transmitted to his next generation. Such a trait is called acquired trait.

CBSE Class 10
Class 10 Science MCQs
CBSE Class 10 Science MCQ Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution

CBSE Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 8 in NCERT Class 10 Science Textbook.

Heredity and Evolution Class 10 MCQs

CBSE Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 9, Heredity And Evolution, are provided here to help students prepare for the board exam. These MCQs are created by subject experts after a thorough analysis of the CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus and exam pattern. So, students must practise these Heredity And Evolution MCQs after understanding the concepts included in this chapter. Also, they can refer to the answers to check whether they have answered correctly or not. They can download the CBSE Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution PDF from the link below. Also, they can access the CBSE Class 10 Science MCQs for other chapters as well as for their exam preparation.

Download CBSE Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution with Answers PDF

Students must cover the following concepts of Chapter 9 – Heredity and Evolution from the NCERT Class 10 Science Textbook before solving these multiple choice questions.

Mendel’s Experiments
Sex Determination
Inherited & Acquired Traits
Natural Selection & Speciation
Homologous & Analogous Organs
Fossils & Evolution by Stages

CBSE Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution with Answers

Q1) Mendel conducted his famous breeding experiments by working on the following:

(a) Drosophila

(b) Escherichia Coli

(d) All of these

Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q2) Which section of DNA provides information for one protein?

(a) Nucleus

(b) Chromosome

Correct Answer: Option (d)

Q3) Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?

(a) One person has a scar, but his friend doesn’t

(b) One person is older than the other

(d) Two children have different eye colour

Q4) In peas, a pure tall (TT) is crossed with a pure short plant(tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to pure short plants in the F2 generation is:

Q5) Humans have two different sex chromosomes, X and Y. Based on Mendel’s laws, a male offspring will inherit which combination of chromosomes?

(a) Both the X chromosomes from one of its parents

(b) Both the Y chromosomes from one of its parents

(d) A combination of X and Y chromosomes from either of its parents

Q6) Two pea plants, one with round green seeds (RR yy) and another with wrinkled yellow (rrYY) seeds, produce F 1 progeny that have round yellow (RrYy) seeds. When F 1 plants are self-pollinated, the F 2 progeny will have a new combination of characters. Choose the new combinations from the following:

(i) Round, yellow

(ii) Round, green

(iii) Wrinkled, yellow

(iv) Wrinkled, green

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (i) and (iv)

(d) (i) and (iii)

Correct Answer: Option (b)

Q7) Miller and Urey performed an experiment to prove the origin of life from organic compounds. The gases they took were:

(a) methane, ethane, ammonia, water vapour

(b) methane, ethane, hydrogen, ammonia

(d) methane, ammonia, hydrogen, water vapour

Q8) Which of the following is a pair of analogous organs?

(a) Wings of a pigeon and a bat

(b) Forelimbs of a frog and a bird

(d) Leaves of a pitcher plant and a Venus fly trap

Correct Answer: Option (a)

Q9) Two pink-coloured flowers on crossing resulted in 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white-flower progeny. The nature of the cross will be:

(a) double fertilization

(b) self-pollination

(d) no fertilization

Q10) A zygote which has an X chromosome inherited from the father will develop into a:

(d) either boy or girl

Q11) The surprise products formed in the experiment conducted by Miller and Urey were:

(a) peptides

(b) amino acids

(d) nucleic acids

Q12) From the list given below, select the character which can be acquired but not inherited.

(a) Colour of eyes

(b) Colour of skin

(d) Size of body

Q13) In humans, if gene B gives brown eyes and gene b gives blue eyes, what will be the colour of the eyes of the person having combination (i) Bb (ii) BB:

(a) (i) Brown (ii) Brown

(b) (i) Blue (ii) Blue

(d) (i) Brown (ii) Blue

Q14) What is the probability that the male progeny will be a boy?

(d) It varies

Q15) Which of the following does Darwin’s theory not include?

(a) Natural Selection

(b) Survival of the fittest

(d) Struggle for the existence of life

Q16) In pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds. If a heterozygous yellow-seeded plant is crossed with a green-seeded plant, what ratio of yellow and green-seeded plants would you expect in the F 1 generation?

Q17) Which of the following statements is not true with respect to variation?

(a) All variations in a species have equal chances of survival.

(b) Change in genetic composition results in variation.

(d) Variation is minimum in asexual reproduction

Q18) The two versions of a trait (character) which are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on:

(a) Copies of the same (homologous) chromosomes

(b) Two different chromosomes

(d) Any Chromosomes

Q19) Exchange of genetic material takes place in:

(a) Vegetative reproduction

(b) Asexual reproduction

(d) Budding

Frequently Asked Questions on Heredity And Evolution

Who coined the term genetics.

William Bateson.

What is inheritance?

The process of genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring is called inheritance.

What is Paleontology?

The study of fossils is known as palaeontology.

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution
CBSE Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution. A scientist cross pure-bred tall (dominant) pea plant with pure-bred dwarf (recessive) pea plant he will get pea plants of F1 generation. If now self-cross the pea plant of F2 generation is done, then we obtain pea plants of F2 generation. [KVS Raipur 2021-22]
Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution
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CBSE Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution
Download CBSE Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution with Answers PDF. Students must cover the following concepts of Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution from the NCERT Class 10 Science Textbook before solving these multiple choice questions. Mendel's Experiments. Sex Determination. Inherited & Acquired Traits.
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Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution

CBSE Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution

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Sex determination

Evolution & classification

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CBSE Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution with Answers

Frequently Asked Questions on Heredity And Evolution

What is inheritance?

What is Paleontology?

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