waec agric essay 2022

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WAEC Agric Questions and Answers 2023/2024 (Essay and Objectives)

WAEC Agric Questions and Answers 2023 .  I will be showing you  WAEC  Agric Science objective and theory repeated questions for free. You will also understand how WAEC Agriculture questions are set and many more examination details.

The West African Examination Council (WAEC) is an examination body in Nigeria that conducts the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination and the General Certificate in Education in May/June and November/December respectively.

Table of Contents

WAEC Agricultural Science Objectives and Essay Answers

The WAEC Agric Answers will be posted here on 18th May during the exam

Today’s Answers Loading…

OBJ Answers

1-10: CDCBCABCAB

11-20: ACCBCACCAC

21-30: CBABACCABD

31-40: BCDCBDADDA

41-50: CDADBCCACA

(PICK ANY ONE

Credit in agricultural finance involves the provision of loans that must be repaid by borrowers, while subsidies are grants or direct payments provided by the government to support specific agricultural objectives without the requirement of repayment.

Credit is a situation whereby sellers allow buyers to take possession of goods and services and pay later while subsidy is a situation whereby part of the money a buyer is meant to pay for good is paid for by the government

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Fertilizers

(iii) Livestock feed

(iv) Research and development

(v) Crop insurance

(vi) Training and Education

(vii) Agricultural machinery

(viii) Energy

(ix) Pesticides and Herbicides

(PICK ANY SIX)

(i) Tire Inspection

(ii) Regular oil changes

(iii) Belt inspection and adjustment

(iv) Hydraulic system maintenance

(v) Fuel filter replacement

(vi) Greasing and lubrication of moving parts

(vii) Cleaning and replacing air filters

(viii) Inspecting and tightening bolts and connections

(i) Read and understand the operator’s manual

(ii) Wear appropriate protective gear

(iii) Conduct pre-operation checks

(iv) Always check the water level

(v) Avoid loose clothing and jewelry

(vi) Use safety guards and shields

(vii) Clear the work area

(viii) Follow safe refueling practices like turning off the machinery before refueling

Agricultural ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between agricultural systems and the surrounding natural environment, including the ecological processes, relationships, and dynamics within agricultural landscapes

Agricultural ecology focuses on understanding the ecological principles and dynamics involved in agricultural systems, including the interactions between crops, livestock, soil, water, climate, pests, and beneficial organisms, and how these interactions influence sustainability, productivity, and environmental impacts.

Agricultural ecology explores the ecological interactions and feedbacks between agricultural components (such as crops, livestock, and farming practices) and the surrounding ecological factors (such as soil, climate, water, and biodiversity), with the goal of promoting ecological sustainability, biodiversity conservation, and the efficient use of resources in agricultural systems.

(PICK ANY ONE)

An ecosystem is a dynamic and interconnected system that includes cultivated crops, livestock, soil, water resources, and the associated biological, physical, and chemical processes within a farming environment.

An ecosystems refer to the managed ecosystems in which agricultural activities take place, involving the interactions between crops, animals, farmers, and the surrounding environment, including soil, water, air, and biodiversity.

An ecosystems can be defined as the integrated systems of crops, livestock, and their environment, encompassing the interactions and interdependencies between agricultural components, natural resources, and human management practices.

An ecosystem refers to the complex interaction between living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, and the physical environment in which they exist within the context of agriculture

(PICK ANY TWO)

(ii) livestocks

(iii) soil microorganisms

(iv) insects

(vi) Earthworms

(PICK ANY THREE)

(iii) Water

(iv) Temperature

(v) Rock and Minerals

(vi) Sunlight

(vii) Topoghraphy

(i) Ensure that the storage area is clean, dry, and free from pests or any sources of contamination.

(ii) Use high-quality, airtight bags or containers specifically designed for grain storage.

(iii) Maize should be properly dried before storage to prevent spoilage.

(iv) Install ventilation systems or place the bags in a way that allows air to circulate freely,in order to reduce the risk of moisture buildup.

(v) Implement effective pest control measures to avoid infestations.

(vi) Avoid exposure to extreme heat or direct sunlight.

(vii) Regularly inspect the stored maize for any signs of spoilage, mold, or pest activity.

(viii) Stack the bags of maize properly, ensuring that they are stable and not prone to collapsing.

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(ii) Hibiscus

(iii) Sunflower

(vi) Dahlia

(i) Clearing

(ii) Tillage

(iii) Ridging

(iv) Planting

(i) It serves as food

(ii) It can be utilized as a source of animal feed

(iii) Cassava tubers can be processed into various food products

(iv) Cassava plants are utilized in certain regions for their ability to improve soil fertility, control erosion, and prevent nutrient depletion.

(v) In some traditional medicinal practices, cassava tubers and leaves are used for their potential therapeutic properties

(vi) Cassava starch can be used to produce biodegradable packaging materials

(vii) Cassava tubers have industrial applications in various sectors like in the textile industry for sizing fabrics and improving their quality.

Expected number of yam plants = Number of planting spots per hectare * Total area of the farmland

Expected number of yam plants = 10,000 * 1.5 = 15,000

Therefore, the expected number of yam plants on the 1.5 hectares of farmland would be 15,000 plants.

Total weight = Expected number of yam plants * Average weight of each yam tuber

Total weight = 15,000 * 3.5 kg = 52,500 kg

Therefore, the total weight of the yam tubers harvested on the 1.5 hectares of farmland would be 52,500 kilograms (or 52.5 metric tons).

Diet refers to the overall composition and combination of feeds and ingredients that an animal consumes over a certain period WHILE a ration, on the other hand, is a specific amount or quantity of feed that is provided to an animal during a single feeding event or within a specific time period, typically a day.

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Paper 1 (Objective)

1. The device which helps to regulate heat in an incubator is the A. thermometer. B. hygrometer. C. insulator. D. thermostat.

2. Which of the following statements about crop production is Not correct? A. Onions are commonly grown in the rainforest zones. B. Yam, cocoyam and cassava are grown in both the rainforest and the savanna regions. C. Some foreign vegetable crops are grown in and around urban centres. D. Carrots are commonly grown in the savanna and moist vegetation belts.

3. Which of the following is a disadvantage of surface irrigation? A. The quantity of water lost is high. B. Water is evenly distributed over the farmland C. It is very cheap to operate. D. The system is suitable for paddy rice cultivation.

4. Fine soil tilth is produced by the use of A. Harrow. B. Plough. C. Ridger. D. Mower.

5. The problems of farm mechanization in West Africa include the following except A. reduction of farm drudgery. B. small farm holdings. C. poverty of farmers. D. poor topography.

More WAEC Agric Questions and Answers Loading…

See: WAEC Timetable

WAEC Agric Science Essay Questions and Answers 2023

Past Questions and Answers that may be repeated

Paper 2 (Essay)

(1)(a) Explain each of the following terms as used in animal production: (i) Dipping; (ii) Dry cow; (iii) Culling; (iv) Quarantine (b) Describe the life cycle of roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) (c) Explain the term farm mechanization. (d) Name four tractor coupled implements

(2)(a) State six limitations of farm mechanization in West Africa. (b) Suggest six ways of encouraging farm mechanization in West Africa. (c) List four methods of identification in cattle management. (d) What is debeaking in poultry management?

(3)(a) Mention two processes that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (b) Name four storage pests of crops (c) State two functions of Potassium in crops. (d) List three ways by which each of the following biotic factors affects agricultural production: (i) parasites; (ii) Soil organisms. (e) State four advantages of zero tillage.

WAEC Agric Essay and Objective 2023 (EXPO)

The above questions are not exactly 2023 WAEC Agriculture questions and answers but likely WAEC Agric repeated questions and answers.

These questions are for practice. The 2023 WAEC Agric expo will be posted on this page 30 minutes before the WAEC Agric Science examination starts. Keep checking and refreshing this page for the answers.

Note: The 2023 WAEC Agric answers will be posted here during the WASSCE Agric Exam. Keep checking and reloading this page to know when the answers are posted. Do not forget to reload this page in order to see the answers.

WAEC Agric Questions and Answers 2023 Loading…

Tips on How to Pass WAEC Biology Questions

Have a target and work towards actualizing it .

You have decided to pass WAEC Agric 2023 and I am sure of that. Now, the next thing you should do is set targets.

You have told yourself, “I will score A in WAEC Agric Science 2023”, that’s not all. You need to plan on how to make it happen. Create a timetable and master plan to achieve your goals.

  Get the WAEC Recommended Textbook on Agricultural Science for 2023 WAEC Examination

Normally, WAEC recommends books for the examination. But apart from  WAEC Literature in English  where certain novels are compulsory, you are free to use any good Agriculture textbook to prepare for WAEC 2023 exam.

Some textbooks are more difficult to understand. If you have any topic you are finding difficult to understand, then get a textbook that will simplify the topics and make life better for you.

Do not Skip Agriculture Examples and Exercises you Will Come Across While Reading: 

Many candidates are fond of skipping exercises and even examples while studying textbooks. In fact, we like notebooks so much that we could ask, “can I read my notebook and pass WAEC Agric 2023?” Don’t be scared of attempting exercises in Agric. Face the challenges.

If you have any questions about WAEC Agric Questions and Answers, feel free to ask through the comment session and we shall answer you within the shortest possible time.

Please, remember to share this information on WAEC Questions and Answers 2023 by clicking the Facebook share button or any of the social media share buttons below.

Last Updated on May 18, 2023 by Admin

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65 thoughts on “WAEC Agric Questions and Answers 2023/2024 (Essay and Objectives)”

Please I need General Agriculture Essay questions and answers

I HAVE NOT SEEN ANYTHING

Please send me no 6

Please can someone help me with the answer for agriculture

You guys haven’t posted the answer yet…..

When will be agric theory and obj be available

Please when will the agric obj and theory will be available

i want agriculture question and answers

Please i need the agricultural science essay urgently

It is the real question

please waec question & answer 4 agric 2023

Agric answer

Please i need the questions for 2018 to 2022.

The agric objective is yet to be seen

very good job

I haven’t seen the theory questions agric section2

Please the theory questions to the 2022 bece past question in agric section2 and 3 is yet to be seen ooh???

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Here is WAEC Agric Questions Answers 2022/2023:Objectives and Essay

Here is WAEC Agric Questions Answers 2022/2023:Objectives and Essay – WAEC Agric Questions and Answers 2022. Therefore, I will be showing you WAEC Agric Science objective and theory repeated questions for free. And, in fact, you will also understand how WAEC Agriculture questions are set and many more examination details.

Table of Contents

The West Africa Examination Council (WAEC)

This is an examination body in Nigeria that conducts the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination. It also conducts the General Certificate in Education in May/June and November/December respectively.

WAEC Agricultural Science Objectives and Essay Answers

The questions below are the WAEC Agriculture Questions. Go through them and be ready to score high in your WAEC 2021 Agric Examination.

Paper 1 (Objective)

• Which of the following statements about crop production is Not correct? A. Onions are commonly grown in the rainforest zones. B. Yam, cocoyam and cassava are grown in both the rainforest and the savanna regions. C. Some foreign vegetable crops are grown in and around urban centres. D. Carrots are commonly grown in the savanna and moist vegetation belts.
• Which of the following is a disadvantage of surface irrigation? A. The quantity of water lost is high. B. Water is evenly distributed over the farmland C. It is very cheap to operate. D. The system is suitable for paddy rice cultivation.
• Fine soil tilth is produced by the use of A. Harrow. B. Plough. C. Ridger. D. Mower.
• The problems of farm mechanization in West Africa include the following except A. reduction of farm drudgery. B. small farm holdings. C. poverty of farmers. D. poor topography.
• The device which helps to regulate heat in an incubator is the A. thermometer. B. hygrometer. C. insulator. D. thermostat.

Here is WAEC Agric Questions Answers

• The problems associated with land tenure through inheritance include the following except

A. small land holdings for family members B. hatred among family members arising from land sharing C. right of individuals to free use and control of inherited land D. individuals being restricted to their plots E. difficulty to sell part of the inherited land

• Soil texture is described as the A. distribution of the different sizes of soil particles B. arrangement of soil particles in a soil sample C. rate at which water moves through the soil D. degree to which air spaces aerate the soil E. distribution of soil particles in a sample
• The alternate heating and cooling of rocks result in A. sublimation B. volatilization C. fragmentation D. solidification E. sedimentation
• Which of the following factors influence agricultural production is biotic factor? A. parasite B. soil PH C. topography D. soil texture E. temperature
• Granite is A. a sedimentary rock B. a weathered rock C. metamorphic rock D. an igneous rock E. a plutonic rock
• Which of the following farm practices can prevent excessive evaporation from soil surfaces? A. liming B. mulching C. weeding D. harrowing E. ploughing
• The type of rocks formed from the molten magma is known as A. sedimentary B. igneous C. metamorphic D. schist E. sandstone
• The relationship between the microorganisms and plant in the nitrogen cycle is best described as A. parasitism B. commensalism C. competition D. symbiosis E. saprophytism
• The type of energy obtained from the sun for agricultural uses is known as A. potential energy B. mechanical energy C. nuclear energy D. solar energy E. kinetic energy
• A situation where only specified trees in a forest reserve are cut down is known as A. selection B. afforestation C. reforestation D. selective exploitation E. deforestation
• The causative organism of maize rust is A. a fungus B. a virus C. a bacterium D. an insect E. a nematode
• The reproductive cells of crops are called A. gametes B. genes C. chromosomes D. anthers E. zygotes
• The agent of controlled pollination in plants is A. wind B. insect C. man D. bird E. water
• The head of the tapeworm is known as the A. sucker B. rostellum C. scolex D. hook E. segment
• A piece of land is said to be on lease to a farmer when the land is A. inherited from the father B. given to him as a gift C. given as compensation D. purchased on credit E. given for a specified period on rental basis

PAPER 2 [Essay] Answer any four questions. Write your answers on the answer booklet provided.

• (a) Explain the term farm mechanization. (b) List six limitations of farm mechanization in West Africa. (c) Suggest eight possible ways of encouraging the use of farm mechanization to improve agricultural production in West Africa.
• (a) Explain the term soil. (b) List four characteristics of loamy soil. (c) (i) Draw an annotated diagram of the water cycle. (ii) List the three types of soil water.
• (a) (i) Explain the term agriculture. (ii) List three industries that utilize cereals as their raw materials. (b) Outline six problems that hinder the attainment of self-sufficiency in food production in West Africa. (c) Enumerate five benefits of commercial farming.
• (a) Explain each of the following terms as used in crop production: (i) grafting; (ii) thinning; (iii) staking. (b) State two reasons for adopting each of the crop production activities listed in 4(a). (c) Mention the botanical names of two species of yam. (d) State two uses of ginger.
• (a) (i) Explain the terms line breeding and inbreeding as used in animal improvement. (ii) State three advantages and three disadvantages of inbreeding. (b) State four factors that determine the amount of water required by farm animals. (c) Give four sources of calcium in the diet of livestock.
• (a) What is fish farming? (b) Define the following terms as used in fish farming: (i) stocking rate; (ii) fingerlings; (iii) polyculture; (iv) fishing gears. (c) List four factors that influence the water requirements of farm animals. (d) Discuss foot-and-mouth disease under the following headings: (i) causal agent; (ii) symptoms; (iii) control.

7 . (a) Differentiate between land ownership by leasehold and land ownership by freehold. (b) Mention five ways in which non-governmental organizations contribute to agricultural development in West Africa. (c) State four ways in which rural-urban migration has hindered agricultural development in West Africa. (d) Mention three socio-economic uses of land. (e) Explain two ways by which each of the following environmental factors affect agricultural production: i. soil organisms; ii. soil texture.

ANS: (a) Leasehold involves the payment of fees for land used over a stated period of time under agreed specified conditions WHILE freehold is the outright purchase of land (permanent ownership) (c) Ways in which rural-urban migration has hindered agricultural development in West Africa – Shortage/ scarcity of farm labour – Causes high cost of farm labour – Poor quality of labour in rural areas resulting in low productivity – Decrease in food production/food insecurity – Decrease in export – Inadequate supply of raw materials to agro industries – Poor adoption of agricultural innovation due to ageing farming population.

• (a) (i) List the four factors of agricultural production. (ii) State the reward for each factor you have listed in 8(a)(i). (b) Outline three functions of the wholesaler in agricultural marketing. (c) State two objective of agricultural extension. (d) Mention five examples of group extension teaching methods
• (a) List four factors that affect the efficiency of agricultural labour. (b) Outline four ways in which capital is important in agricultural production. (c) List five agencies that are involved in agricultural extension programmes in West Africa. (d) Give three reasons why governments in West Africa should encourage agricultural extension services.
• (a) Draw and label the digestive system of a ruminant animal. (b) Describe the process of digestion in the ruminant animal.
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Home » WAEC Agric Science Answers 2024 Essay-Obj Questions is Out

Waec Agric Questions Answers 2024 – Objectives and Essay Released.

The Waec Agric Science answer 2024 questions have been released. The West African Examination Council (WAEC) SSCE Agricultural Science objective and theory paper will be written on Thursday, 16th May 2024.

The WAEC Agric exam will start at 9:30 am and end at 12:00 pm. In this post, we will be posting samples of the Waec Agric questions from official Waec Agricultural Science past questions for candidates who will participate in the examination to study and practice.

WAEC Agric Questions and Answers 2024.

PAPER 2 [Essay] Answer any four questions. Write your answers on the answer booklet provided.

1. (a) (i) Explain the term agriculture. (ii) List three industries that utilize cereals as their raw materials. (b) Outline six problems that hinder the attainment of self-sufficiency in food production in  West Africa. (c) Enumerate five benefits of commercial farming.

2. (a) Differentiate between land ownership by leasehold and land ownership by freehold . (b) Mention five ways in which non-governmental organizations contribute to agricultural development in West Africa. (c) State four ways in which rural-urban migration has hindered agricultural development in West Africa. (d) Mention three socio-economic uses of land. (e) Explain two ways by which each of the following environmental factors affects agricultural production: i. soil organisms; ii. soil texture.

ANS: (a) Leasehold involves the payment of fees for land used over a stated period of time under agreed specified conditions WHILE freehold is the outright purchase of the land (permanent ownership) (c) Ways in which rural-urban migration has hindered agricultural development in West Africa – Shortage/ scarcity of farm labour – Causes high cost of farm labour – Poor quality of labour in rural areas resulting in low productivity – Decrease in food production/food insecurity – Decrease in export – Inadequate supply of raw materials to agro-industries – Poor adoption of agricultural innovation due to aging farming population.

3. (a) Explain the term farm mechanization. (b) List six limitations of farm mechanization in West Africa. (c) Suggest eight possible ways of encouraging the use of farm mechanization to improve agricultural production in West Africa.

4. (a) Explain the term soil. (b) List four characteristics of loamy soil. (c) (i) Draw an annotated diagram of the water cycle. (ii)  List the three types of soil water.

5. (a) Explain each of the following terms as used in crop production: (i) grafting; (ii) thinning; (iii) staking. (b) State two reasons for adopting each of the crop production activities listed in 4(a). (c) Mention the botanical names of two species of yam. (d) State two uses of ginger.

6. (a) (i)  Explain the terms line breeding and inbreeding as used in animal improvement. (ii) State three advantages and three disadvantages of inbreeding. (b) State four factors that determine the amount of water required by farm animals. (c) Give four sources of calcium in the diet of livestock.

7. (a) What is fish farming? (b) Define the following terms as used in fish farming: (i) stocking rate; (ii) fingerlings; (iii) polyculture; (iv) fishing gears. (c) List four factors that influence the water requirements of farm animals. (d) Discuss foot-and-mouth disease under the following headings: (i) causal agent; (ii) symptoms; (iii) control.

8. (a) (i) List the four factors of agricultural production. (ii) State the reward for each factor you have listed in 8(a)(i). (b) Outline three functions of the wholesaler in agricultural marketing. (c) State two objectives of agricultural extension. (d) Mention five examples of group extension teaching methods.

9. (a) Draw and label the digestive system of a ruminant animal. (b) Describe the process of digestion in the ruminant animal.

10. (a) List four factors that affect the efficiency of agricultural labour. (b) Outline four ways in which capital is important in agricultural production. (c) List five agencies that are involved in agricultural extension programmes in West Africa. (d) Give three reasons why governments in West Africa should encourage agricultural extension services.

WAEC Agric Objective Answer to WAEC Agricultural Science Objectives Questions 2024.

1. A farmer has a large piece of land on which he grows wheat year after year. What is the name for this type of farming? A. crop rotation B. mixed farming C. monoculture D. organic farming.

2. Which of the following statements about crop production is Not correct? A. Onions are commonly grown in the rainforest zones. B. Yam, cocoyam, and cassava are grown in both the rainforest and the savanna regions. C. Some foreign vegetable crops are grown in and around urban centres. D. Carrots are commonly grown in the savanna and moist vegetation belts.

3. The device which helps to regulate heat in an incubator is the A. thermometer. B. hygrometer. C. insulator. D. thermostat.

4. Which of the following is a disadvantage of surface irrigation? A. The quantity of water lost is high. B. Water is evenly distributed over the farmland C. It is very cheap to operate. D. The system is suitable for paddy rice cultivation.

5. Fine soil tilth is produced by the use of A. Harrow. B. Plough. C. Ridger. D. Mower.

6. The problems of farm mechanization in West Africa include the following except A. reduction of farm drudgery. B. small farm holdings. C. poverty of farmers. D. poor topography.

Keep following, more questions and answers will be added soon.

If you’re searching for waec agricultural science expo – runs, note that there is nothing like that on the internet. WEAC exam question papers are guarded securely by the council.

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• Agricultural Science

Agricultural Science Past Questions

• A. inherited from the father
• B. given to him as a gift
• C. given as compensation
• D. purchased on credit
• E. given for a specified period on rental basis
• A. small land holdings for family members
• B. hatred among family members arising from land sharing
• C. right of individuals to free use and control of inherited land
• D. individuals being restricted to their plots
• E. difficulty to sell part of the inherited land
• A. distribution of the different sizes of soil particles
• B. arrangement of soil particles in a soil sample
• C. rate at which water moves through the soil
• D. degree to which air spaces aerate the soil
• E. distribution of soil particles in a sample
• A. sublimation
• B. volatilization
• C. fragmentation
• D. solidification
• E. sedimentation
• A. parasite
• C. topography
• D. soil texture
• E. temperature
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Agricultural Science Waec Syllabus

Below is this years Waec Syllabus for Agricultural Science. Note that this syllabus is for both internal and external candidates.

Aims and Objectives

• stimulate and sustain students’ interest in agriculture
• enable students acquire functional knowledge and practical skills to prepare them for further studies and occupation in agriculture

Scheme of Examination

There will be three papers: Papers 1, 2 and 3, all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 will be a composite paper to be taken in one sitting.

It will consist of fifty multiple-choice questions to be answered within 50 minutes for 50 marks.

It will consist of six essay questions, with each drawn from at least two themes in the syllabus. Candidates will be required to answer five of the questions within 2 hours and 10 minutes for 90 marks.

This will be a practical paper for school candidates and an alternative to practical paper for private candidates. It will consist of four questions, all of which should be answered within 1½ hours for 60 marks.

Instructions to Schools

Every school offering Agricultural Science must:

• Establish a farm where crops are grown.
• Keep at least one species of ruminant  and one nonruminant.
• Establish a fish pond where feasible.

Candidates should have practical notebooks which should contain records of individual activities based on laboratory and individual observations carried out on the school farms, field trips and also records of specimens collected.

In order to enhance the effective teaching/learning process and better performance of candidates, continuous assessment of candidates is recommended.

The main objectives of the Senior Secondary School Agricultural Science Curriculum are to:

• Stimulate and sustain students’ interest in agriculture;
• Enable students to acquire functional knowledge and practical skills to prepare them for further studies and occupations in agriculture.

It is recommended that the study of Agricultural Science in the Senior Secondary School be supplemented by visits to well-established government and private experimental and commercial farms, agricultural research institutes and other institutions related to agriculture.

Detailed Agricultural Science Syllabus

Basic concepts.

• Definition and branches of agricultural science.
• Importance of agriculture to the individual, community and nation
• land tenure;
• basic amenities;
• transportation;
• storage and processing facilities;
• agricultural education and extension;
• tools and machinery;
• farm inputs;
• marketing system;
• environmental degradation.
• Possible solutions to identified problems
• Meaning of subsistence and commercial agriculture
• Differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture based on their characteristics.
• Advantages and disadvantages of subsistence and commercial agriculture.
• Problems of subsistence and commercial agriculture.
• Agricultural education
• Agricultural extension services.
• Agricultural policies and programmes
• Meaning of non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
• Roles of NGOs in agricultural development.
• Land tenure systems in West Africa.
• Government laws on land use in West Africa.
• Advantages and disadvantages of the land use Act (Decree) and reforms in West Africa

AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGY

• Meaning of agricultural ecology and ecosystem.
• Components of farm ecosystem, e.g., biotic and abiotic
• Interactions of the components in the terrestrial and aquatic agro-ecosystem.
• Meaning of land.
• Characteristics of land – free gift of nature, immobile, limited in supply etc.
• crop production;
• wild life conservation/game reserve;
• livestock production, etc.
• transport, etc.
• topography;
• land degradation;
• soil pollution.
• population pressure
•  expansion of industries
• mining/mineral exploitation
• recreation/tourism
• land tenure system
• religious purpose (church, mosque and shrine) etc.
• paper industry: pulp wood;
• beverage industry (cocoa, tea, etc.);
• textile industry: cotton;
• soap industry: oil,  seeds, etc
• Agriculture provides a market for industrial products, e.g., farm machinery and chemicals;
• Agriculture provides food for industrial workers.
• Climatic factors, e.g., rainfall, temperature, light, wind, relative humidity.
• Biotic factors, e.g., predators, parasites, soil micro-organisms, pests, pathogens and weeds; interrelationships such as competition, parasitism, and mutualism (symbiosis).
• Edaphic factors: soil pH, soil texture, soil structure, soil type etc.
• sedimentary
• metamorphic
• Processes of rock formation.
• Factors of soil formation: the parent rock, organisms, climate, topography and time
• physical weathering;
• chemical weathering
• Soil profile development
• Types of soil
• soil macro and micronutrients;
• soil water;
• soil macro-organisms;
• soil microbes;
• soil texture
• soil structure
• Macro and micronutrients;  their functions and deficiency symptoms in crops
• Factors affecting the availability of nutrients in soil such as pH, excess of other nutrients, leaching, crop removal, oxidation and burning
• Methods of replenishing lost nutrients, e.g., crop rotation, organic manuring, fertilizer application, fallowing, liming, and cover-cropping
• Nitrogen, carbon, water and phosphorus cycles
• Organic agriculture – meaning and importance
• Meaning of irrigation system
• overhead, e.g., sprinkler;
• surface, e.g., flooding, furrow/channel, basin, border;
• underground, e.g., perforated pipes and drips.
• Advantages and disadvantages of irrigation systems
• Importance of irrigation
• Problems associated with irrigation
• Meaning of drainage.
• Importance of drainage.
• surface drainage, e.g., channel, furrow;
• subsurface/underground drainage.
• Advantages and disadvantages of drainage systems
• Meaning of agricultural pollution
• excessive application of agricultural chemicals;
• marine and oil spillage;
• livestock waste and dung disposal etc.
• Effects of land/pond pollution on farmers and agricultural productivity

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING/MECHANIZATION

• Meaning of simple farm tools.
• cutlass, hoe, spade, shovel etc.
• General maintenance of simple farm tools
• incubators;
• milking machines;
• combine harvester etc.
• harvesters;
• sprayers etc.
• Reasons for maintaining farm machines
• check water and oil levels regularly
• carry out routine service
• keep machines clean etc
• Meaning of agricultural mechanization.
• Mechanized agricultural operations.
• Advantages and disadvantages of agricultural mechanization.
• Limitations of agricultural mechanization.
• Sources of farm power.
• Advantages and disadvantages of different sources of farm power.
• Meaning of farm surveying.
• Common survey equipment.
• Uses of farm survey equipment.
• Maintenance of farm survey equipment.
• Importance of farm surveying.
• Meaning of farm planning.
• Factors to be considered in farm planning.
• Importance of farm planning.
• Meaning of farmstead.
• Importance of farmstead planning.
• Factors to be considered in the design of a farmstead.
• Farmstead layout.

CROP PRODUCTION

• Classification of crops based on their uses, e.g., cereals, pulses, roots and tubers, and vegetables.
• Classification based on their life cycle, e.g., annual, biennial, perennial, ephemeral.
• Classification based on their morphology, e.g., monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops.

botanical names and common names of the crop, varieties/types, climatic and soil requirements, land preparation, methods of propagation, planting date, seed rate, spacing, sowing depth and nursery requirements, cultural practices: supplying, thinning,

manuring and fertilizer requirement and application, weeding, pests and disease control, harvesting, processing and storage of at least one representative crop from each of the following crop groupings:

• Cereals, e.g., maize, rice, guinea corn, millet;
• Pulses (grain legumes), e.g., cowpea, soya bean, pigeon pea.
• Roots and tubers, e.g., cassava, yam, potatoes;
• Vegetables, e.g., tomatoes, onion, amaranthus, okra, cauliflower, spinach;
• Fruits, e.g., citrus, banana, pineapple;
• Beverages, e.g., cocoa, tea, coffee;
• Spices, e.g., pepper, ginger;
• Oils, e.g., groundnut, shea butter, sunflower, oil palm;
• Fibres e.g., cotton, jute, sisal hemp;
• Latex e.g. rubber;
• Others – sugar cane etc.
• Meaning of pasture and forage crops.
• Uses of forage crops.
• Types of pasture.
• Common grasses and legumes used for grazing livestock.
• Factors affecting the distribution and productivity of pasture.
• Establishment of pasture.
• Management practices of pasture.
• Aims of crop improvement.
• Methods/processes of crop improvement, e.g., introduction, selection, breeding.
• Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
• Advantages and disadvantages of crop improvement.
• Meaning of forest and forestry.
• Importance of forestry.
• Forest regulations.
• Forest management practices.
• Implications of deforestation.
• Meaning of agro-forestry.
• taungya system;
• alley cropping;
• ley farming etc.

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

• Meaning of ornamental plants.
• Importance of ornamental plants.
• bedding plants (mostly   flowering plants);
• hedging plants;
• lawn grasses etc.
• Examples of ornamental plants.
• vegetative propagation.

CROP PROTECTION

• Meaning of disease
• General effects of diseases on crop production.
• cereals – smut, rice blast, leaf rust etc.;
• legumes – cercospora leaf spot, rosette etc;
• beverages – cocoa black pod, swollen shoot, coffee leaf rust etc.;
• tubers – cassava mosaic, bacterial leaf blight etc.;
• fruits- citrus gummosis, dieback etc
• fibre – black arm/bacterial blight of cotton etc.;
• vegetables – root-knot of tomato or okro, damping off, onion twister etc.;
• tored produce – mould etc.
• Meaning of pests.
• insect pests;
• non-insect pests.
• biting and chewing;
• piercing and sucking;
• cereals – stem borer, armyworm, earworm etc.
• legumes – pod borer, aphids, sucking bugs and leaf beetle;
• beverages – cocoa myrids (capsids);
• tubers – yam beetle, cassava mealybugs, green spidermites, variegated grasshopper;
• fibre – cotton stainer, bollworms;
• fruits and vegetables – thrips, grasshoppers, leaf roller, leaf beetle, scale insect;
• stored produce – grain weevils, bean beetle.
• Non-insect pests, e.g., birds, rodents etc
• chemical – pollution, poisoning;
• biological ­- disruption of the ecosystem etc;
• cultural – harmful effects of burning etc.
• General effects/economic importance of pests.
• Meaning of weeds.
• Types of weeds.
• Effects of weeds on crops and economy.
• Characteristic features of weeds.
• Methods of controlling weeds:  cultural, biological, chemical, physical and mechanical methods.

ANIMAL PRODUCTION

• Types of farm animals: cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, pig, rabbit, fish etc.
• (i) habitat: terrestrial and aquatic.
• (ii) uses: food, protection, pets, etc.
• Parts of farm animals.
• Organs of farm animals, e.g., heart, liver, lungs.
• Systems of farm animals, e.g., digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system.
• Meaning of reproduction.
• Roles of hormones in the reproduction of farm animals.
• Reproductive systems of farm animals.
• Processes of reproduction in farm animals.
• Egg formation in poultry.
• Meaning of environmental physiology.
• temperature;
• relative humidity; and
• Growth, reproduction, milk production, egg production, etc.
• Meaning of livestock management
• Requirements for livestock management: housing, feeding, hygiene and finishing of at least one ruminant and one non-ruminant from birth to market weight.
• Importance of management practices.
• Meaning of animal nutrition.
• Classification of feeds.
• Sources and functions of feed nutrients.
• Types of ration/diet and their uses; components of a balanced diet; production and maintenance rations.
• Causes and symptoms of malnutrition and their correction in farm animals.
• Meaning and importance of rangeland/pasture to livestock and the characteristics of range land.
• Common grasses and legumes  in rangeland.
• Factors affecting the level of production of herbage; rainfall, grass/legume composition, grazing etc.
• Controlled stocking, rotational grazing, use of fertilizers, introduction of legumes, reseeding, weed control, burning,  pest and disease control.
• Meaning of animal improvement.
• Aims of animal improvement.
• Introduction;
• meaning of artificial insemination.
• methods of collecting semen.
• advantages and disadvantages of artificial insemination.
• Causal organisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa.
• Factors that could predispose animals to diseases: health status of animals, nutrition, management etc.
• Reaction of animals to diseases: susceptibility and resistance to diseases.
• viral-foot and mouth, rinderpest, newcastle;
• bacterial – anthrax, brucellosis, tuberculosis;
• fungal – aspergillosis, ringworm, scabies;
• protozoa – trypanosomiasis, coccidiosis.
• meaning of parasite.
• types of parasites.
• endoparasites – tapeworm, liverfluke and roundworm;
• ectoparasites – ticks, lice.
• Quarantine, inoculation/immunization, hygiene, breeding for resistance etc.
• Meaning of aquaculture.
• (i)   fish farming;
• (ii)  shrimp farming;
• (iii)  crab farming.
• Meaning and importance of fish farming.
• Conditions necessary for siting a fish pond.
• Establishment and maintenance of fish ponds.
• Fishery regulations – meaning and regulations.
• Fishing methods and tools.
• Meaning of apiculture or bee keeping.
• indigenous bees;
• exotic bees.
• Importance of bee keeping.
• traditional method;
• modern bee-keeping.
• Bee-keeping equipment: beehives, hive tools like suits,smokers, jungle boots, brushes, etc.
• locate apiaries far from human dwellings;
• put warning symbols near the apiary etc.

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION

• Scale of preference;
• law of diminishing returns.
• labour – characteristics and classification;
• management or entrepreneur
• Definition of demand.
• Law of demand.
• Factors affecting demand for agricultural produce.
• Movements along the demand curve.
• Shifts in the demand curve.
• Definition of supply.
• Law of supply.
• Movements along the supply curve.
• Shifts in the supply curve.
• Factors affecting the supply of agricultural produce.
• Price support.
• Price control.
• Meaning of a farm manager.
• Functions of a farm manager.
• Meaning of agricultural finance.
• Importance of agricultural finance.
• Sources of farm finance.
• short-term credit;
• medium-term credit;
• long-term credit.
• institutional credit;
• non-institutional credit.
• loan in cash;
• loan in-kind.
• high-interest rate;
• lack or inadequate collateral, etc.
• lack of records and accounts etc.
• meaning of capital market, institutions that deal with medium and long-term loans for agricultural business.
• institutions involved in the capital market
• insurance companies;
• merchant banks;
• the stock exchange (sales and purchases of shares).
• mobilization of long-term funds for on-lending;
• reduce over-reliance on the money market, etc.
• Importance of farm records.
• inventory records;
• production records;
• income and expenditure    records;
• supplementary or special records.
• Designing farm records
• expenditure/ purchases   account;
• income/sales account;
• profit and loss account;
• balance sheet.
• Meaning and importance of marketing of agricultural produce.
• Marketing agents and their functions.
• assembling;
• processing etc.
• Marketing of export crops.
• Export crops in West Africa.
• Guidelines for exporting crops in West Africa.
• Corporate bodies, cooperative societies, and individuals engaged in exporting agricultural produce, e.g., ANCE (Association of Nigerian Cooperative Exporters),.
• Importance of exporting agricultural produce.
• Problems of marketing agricultural produce.
• Meaning of agricultural insurance.
• Importance of agricultural insurance.
• specific enterprise insurance, e.g., crop insurance, livestock  insurance;
• farm vehicle insurance;
• fire disaster insurance or  machines and buildings insurance;
• life assurance (farmers, farm workers, and farmers’ households).
• Insurance premium
• uncertainties of weather;
• losses due to natural disasters etc.
• Meaning and importance of agricultural extension
• individual contact methods;
• group contact methods etc.
• Agricultural extension programmes in West Africa, e.g., ADP, NDE, Agro-service centres, state ministries of agriculture and natural resources
• Problems of agricultural extension in West Africa. e.g. illiteracy among farmers, inadequate transport facilities etc.

PRACTICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

• Soil profile
• Mechanical analysis by sedimentation and also by the use of hydrometer method or sieves
• Determination of bulk density and total pore space.
• Determination of moisture content of a moist soil sample.
• Determination of maximum water holding capacity.
• Determination of wilting point.
• Determination of capillary action.
• Determination of soil acidity using a pH meter and/or any other gadget or simple equipment.
• Common types of chemical fertilizers.
• green manure;
• Irrigation and drainage
•  Farm tools and equipment
• Tractor and animal-drawn implement
• Harvesting, processing, and storage equipment.
• Farm tractor
• Use and maintenance of horticultural tools and implements.
• Livestock and fishing equipment
• Farm surveying equipment
• Seeds, seedlings, fruits and storage organs of crops.
• Main pests and diseases of crops
• Planting dates, seed rates, plant population and seed quality tests of the more common local crop plants.
• Preparation of seedbeds, fertilizer application, mulching, use of pesticides, watering, vegetative propagation, germination tests etc.
• Forest products and by-products.
• Methods of propagation of horticultural plants.
• Common weeds
• Common breeds of animals and types of animals available in the locality.
• Major internal organs of farm animals, e.g., organs of the digestive system, reproductive and excretory systems.
• Animal by-products.
• Animal feeds and feedstuffs and their local sources.
• Main pests and parasites of farm animals.
• Diseases of farm animals.
• Routine management practices in farm animals, e.g., selection of livestock and poultry for breeding, culling, ear-notching, tattooing, horn or skin branding, debeaking, dehorning, castration.
• Fish harvesting and preservation.

Download Complete PDF

View the Agricultural Science Waec Syllabus as text below or download the syllabus as a PDF below. Please use the button below to Download offline PDF files for external or internal Waec.

Agricultural Science (Agric) WAEC Past Questions FREE DOWNLOAD

Here’s a selection of Agricultural Science (Agric) WAEC Past Questions to aid you in your preparation in preparation for exams like the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) for both school and GCE students.

If you are in the final stage of Secondary School (May/June) or are not enrolled in the school system (GCE) The necessity of using old exam papers to prepare for the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) can’t be under-emphasized.   Utilizing exam papers from the past in your preparation you will be able to discover the things you already are aware of.   In the same way, you will discover things you don’t know enough about or don’t even know about anything at all.

Furthermore, the WAEC’s previous questions on Agric Science could also serve as a tool for organizations to improve your time management because you can plan your schedule in accordance with the sections of the paper.

In actual fact, it is better to revise than to memorize facts and review notes.   You can prepare for your  Agricultural Science WAEC Exam  with the help of actual questions from the past examinations.   It will help you have greater chances of passing.

WAEC Past Questions for Agric

Select the calendar year that you would like to begin your revision.

• Agricultural Science Paper 2 (Objective Test and Essay) – November 2000
• Agricultural Science Paper 2 (Objective Test and Essay) – June 2001
• Agricultural Science Paper 2 (Objective Test and Essay) – November 2002
• Agricultural Science Paper 2 (Objective Test and Essay) – June 2004
• Agricultural Science Paper 2 (Objective Test and Essay) – November 2006
• Agricultural Science Paper 2 (Objective Test and Essay) – June 2008
• Agricultural Science Paper 2 (Objective Test and Essay) – November 2011

Do you have any previous question(s) that aren’t the ones mentioned here?   If yes, don’t hesitate to share them with others by sending them to [email protected] .

It is essential to continue taking multiple past question exams to boost your chances of success on the upcoming WAEC Exam.

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WAEC Syllabus for Agricultural Science 2022/2023

WAEC Syllabus for Agricultural Science 2022/2023: This  syllabus  has  been  designed  to  portray  Agricultural  Science  as  an  applied  science  with emphasis  on  the  acquisition  of  knowledge  and  skills  associated  with  the  content.   A general review of the Junior Secondary School Agricultural Science syllabus is presumed.

Candidates will be expected to answer questions on all the topics set out in the column headed syllabus .  The notes therein are intended to indicate the scope of the questions which will be set, but they are not to be considered as an exhaustive list of limitations and illustration.

Every school offering Agricultural Science must:

• establish a farm where crops are grown;
• keep at least one species of ruminant  and one non ruminant;
• establish a fish pond where feasible.

Candidates  should  have  practical  notebooks  which  should  contain  records  of  individual activities based on laboratory and individual observations carried out on the school farms, field trips and also records of specimens collected.   In order to enhance effective teaching/learning process and better   performance of candidates, continuous assessment of candidates is recommended.

Since the main objectives of the Senior Secondary School Agricultural Science Curriculum are to:

• stimulate and sustain students’ interest in agriculture;
• enable  students  acquire  functional  knowledge  and  practical  skills  to  prepare  them  for further studies and occupation in agriculture;

It  is  recommended  that  the  study of  Agricultural  Science  in  the  Senior  Secondary School  be supplemented   by   visits   to   well   established   government   and   private   experimental   and commercial farms, agricultural research institutes and other institutions related to agriculture.

EXAMINATION SCHEME

There will be three papers: Papers 1, 2 and 3 all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 will be a composite paper to be taken at one sitting.

PAPER 1:  Will consist of fifty multiple choice questions to be answered within 50 minutes for 50 marks.

PAPER 2:  Will  consist  of  six  essay  questions  with  each  drawn  from  at  least  two themes in the syllabus. Candidates will be required to answer five of the questions within 2 hours 10 minutes for 90 marks.

PAPER 3:  Will be a practical paper for school candidates and alternative to practical paper for private candidates. It will consist of four questions, all of which should be answered within 1½ hours for 60 marks.

PRACTICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE (WAEC Syllabus for Agricultural Science 2022/2023)

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WASSCE / WAEC Syllabus For All Subjects

Serving anglohone west african students since 2015....

Welcome to the largest WASSCE Syllabus page on the web which has existed since 2015. If you’ve read our definitive guide of over 7000 words on how to pass the WASSCE , you will remember preparing for the exam with the guidance of the WASSCE syllabus is an essential tool set in preparing for the WASSCE.  This page contains the latest (2020/2021) WAEC syllabus for virtually every subject.

It has helped thousands of students reach their academic goals and it’s here to help you .

The best part is that the 2020-2021 WASSCE syllabus for different subjects uploaded here is free and with no hidden costs. We believe that education is the key to self-actualisation and have committed ourselves to ensure that we inspire and support learning.

Have feedback or suggestions? Use the comment section or send us a message and we will get back to you.

Terms of Use

It has come to our attention that some individuals have copied some of the contents of this page without seeking permission from us or giving us credit and are monetising it. Please do not directly or indirectly monetise any material got from this page (for example, by posting it on “pay to download sites”, “answer survey to download sites” or sites where you offer your services). Doing so is a breach of our Terms of service. Endeavour to give us credit when you share any content on our website so we can reach more students. This is in line with our vision to support individuals (especially in Sub-Saharan Africa) in their quest to self-actualisation through education.

If you’re not interested in reading other important information on this page then use the quick link below to navigate to the section you want to visit.

WASSCE Syllabus Section Quick Link

 In this section, you’ll find the syllabus of every subject Jamb offers. Click on your preferred subject to download the syllabus to your mobile phones, laptops/desktops or view it directly from your browser. They are in PDF formats, so you need to ensure your device has a PDF viewer to enable you to download and view them.

Quick Links To Other Popular And Important WASSCE Prep Pages (Recommended)

We go through great lengths to provide the best resources to every student preparing for the WASSCE and below are some of the ones we recommend.

• WASSCE Resources (a page with links to every essential WASSCE prep resources on LarnEdu)
• WASSCE Past Questions (the page contains WASSCE past questions on various subjects)
• How To Pass WAEC (a definitive guide with the most effective strategies on how to pass the WASSCE)
• Steps To Take If You Had A Poor WAEC Result (an article on what to do if you failed the WASSCE or if your WASSCE results is poor)

Importance Of The WASSCE Syllabus

They include:

Prevents Confusion On Policies Relating To A Course

The WASSCE / WAEC syllabus was created by WAEC to ensure a fair and impartial understanding between the instructor and students, such that there is minimal confusion on policies relating to a course.

Provides An Outline Of Topics To Cover Prior To The WASSCE

The WASSCE / WAEC syllabus provides an outline of topics students should cover before they sit for the WASSCE / WAEC exam. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean that questions on the WASSCE / WAEC exam would come from every topic on the WAEC syllabus for WASSCE.

Some questions on the WASSCE / WAEC exam may require knowledge of abstract topics.

For example, students who plan to write Elective / Further Mathematics on the WASSCE are required by WAEC to study Trigonometry. However, questions on trigonometry may require knowledge of Algebra from General / core Mathematics .

Keeps Students Up To International Education Standards

The WAEC syllabus also keeps students up to international educational standards.

For example, topics to be covered on the WASSCE / WAEC Chemistry syllabus are similar to those that should be covered on the SAT II Chemistry syllabus . That’s why students who study topics covered on the WASSCE / WAEC Chemistry syllabus can easily attain a high score on the SAT Subject Test on Chemistry.

Helps Prevent Failure

There are many reasons students fail to pass the WASSCE / WAEC exam with good grades. One of these reasons is that they are not aware of every topic they should master prior to the WASSCE / WAEC exam.

It’s worse considering that most textbooks or teachers don’t cover all the topics of the WASSCE / WAEC syllabus for their respective subjects’ states. Some students don’t even have access to WASSCE / WAEC syllabus in their respective schools. It’s like preparing for a war with no idea of the capabilities, tactics, or terrain of your enemy.

Prepare For The Worse

You are not fully prepared for the WASSCE / WAEC exam if you are not conversant with the topics WAEC instructs you should treat before you write the test.

Solving WASSCE past questions is a good thing, at least, we all know that most of what WAEC does is to recycle or repeat old questions. However, they could bring an unpopular question to a future exam so don’t be caught unawares. The WAEC / WASSCE syllabus for different subjects, which we provide on this page is your friend. With it, you’d be aware of topics to cover in your study, so you would be prepared for the worse.

Who Can Use The WAEC Syllabus On This Page?

1). Students from the following Anglophone West African countries can use the WASSCE / WAEC syllabuses for different subjects on this page:

• Sierra Leone

2). Teachers, parents, and anyone interested in using the syllabuses on this page for research.

WASSCE / WAEC Syllabus By Subject (2020-2021)

• WASSCE / WAEC Agricultural Science Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Animal Husbandry Syllabus (Alternative A)
• WASSCE / WAEC Animal Husbandry Syllabus (Alternative B)
• WASSCE / WAEC Auto Body Repairs And Spray Painting Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Auto Electrical Work Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Auto Mechanics Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Auto Mechanical Work Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Basic Electronics / Electronics Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Basic Electricity / Applied Electricity
• WASSCE / WAEC Biology Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Auto Parts Merchandising Syllabus
• WASSCE WAEC Business Management Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Book Keeping Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Block Laying, Brick Laying And Concreting Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Basketry Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Building Construction Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Catering Craft Practice Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Carpentry And Joinery Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Ceramics Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Christian Religious Studies Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Civic Education Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Chemistry Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Clothing And Textiles Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Core / General Mathematics Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Commerce Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Computer Studies Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Cosmetology Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Cost Accounting
• WASSCE / WAEC Crop Husbandry And Horticulture Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Data Processing Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Economics Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Efik Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Elective / Further Mathematics Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Electrical Installation And Maintenance Work Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Electronics Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC English Language (Alternative A) Syllabus -For Ghanaian Candidates
• WASSCE / WAEC English Language (Alternative B) Syllabus (For Candidates In The Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone And Liberia Only)
• WASSCE / WAEC Arabic Examination Scheme
• WASSCE / WAEC Arabic Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Arabic List Of Selected Texts
• WASSCE / WAEC Financial Accounting Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Fisheries (Alternative A) Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Fisheries (Alternative B) Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Food And Nutrition Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Forestry Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC French Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Furniture Making Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC General Knowledge In Art Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Geography Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Ghanaian Languages Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Government Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Graphic Design Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC GSM Phones Maintenance And Repairs Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Hausa Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Health Education Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC History Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Home Management Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Ibibio Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Igbo Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Information And Communication Technology (Core) Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Information And Communication Technology (Elective) Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Insurance Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Integrated Science Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Islamic Studies Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Jewellery Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Leather Goods Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Leatherwork Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Literature In English Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Machine Woodworking Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Marketing Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Metalwork Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Mining Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Office Practice Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Painting And Decorating Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Photography Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Physical Education Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Physics Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Picture Making Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Printing Craft Practise Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Radio, Television And Electronics Works Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Refrigeration And Air-conditioning Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Salesmanship Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Sculpture Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Shorthand Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Social Studies Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Store Keeping Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Store Management Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Technical Drawing Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Textiles Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Tourism Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Upholstery Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Visual Art Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Welding And Fabrication Engineering Craft Practice Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC West African Traditional Religion (W.A.T.R) Syllabus
• WASSCE / WAEC Woodwork Syllabus General
• WASSCE / WAEC Woodwork Syllabus Ghana
• WASSCE / WAEC Yoruba Syllabus

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Animal Husbandry Paper 2 WASSCE (SC), 2022

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General Comments

 The standard of the paper compared favourably with those of previous years. The  questions were unambiguous and comprehensive. The marking scheme was exhaustive and the rubrics were clear. The performance of the candidates was comparable with that of the previous year. A total of 291,150 candidates sat for the paper with a raw mean score of 41 and a standard deviation of 13.08 as against a raw mean score of 41and a standard deviation of 13.96 recorded in the WASSCE for School Candidates, 2022 with candidates’ population of 303,290.

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Why Are Free School Lunches Becoming a Campaign Issue?

Here’s what you should know about federal and state programs to feed children, and what the two parties are saying.

By Kim Severson

School lunch has been popping up in the news lately, and not just because students are starting to head back to the classroom.

The federal government has been buying students lunch since 1946, when President Harry S. Truman signed the National School Lunch Act. The idea was to provide food to needy school-age children while using surplus crops, which would help prop up food prices.

When Vice President Kamala Harris picked Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota as her running mate this month, the issue of “universal school meals” entered the spotlight because last year, Mr. Walz signed a bill that allowed public schools to provide all students with free breakfast and lunch. It made his state one of eight that offer free meals to students regardless of family income. The concept, which tends to be more popular with Democrats than Republicans, is likely to become an issue in the presidential contest.

So what exactly does “universal school meals” mean?

Essentially, a school district provides a free breakfast and lunch to every student who physically attends a public school (and, in some cases, charter schools), regardless of need. It’s often referred to as “healthy school meals for all.” Most of the money comes from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which dictates the nutritional requirements for each meal. State and sometimes local dollars fill in the gaps.

Although the idea has long been promoted by some educators, nutritionists and people working to improve the quality of school food, only a handful of states offer free meals to all. New York City has offered free school breakfast and lunch since 2017.

How many children eat free school meals?

On an average day during the 2022-23 school year, about 11.1 million children ate a free breakfast provided by a public or charter school, and 19 million children ate a free school lunch, according to the U.S.D.A. Another 1.6 million ate breakfast or lunch for a reduced price — 30 cents for breakfast and 40 cents for lunch.

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