law of crimes assignment

Introduction to Criminal Law

(19 reviews)

ISBN 13: 9781946135087

Publisher: University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing

Language: English

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Reviewed by Kelly Arney, Dean of Behavioral Sciences, Associate Professor, Grace College on 12/22/23

Comprehensiveness rating: 5 see less

This textbook covers the main subject areas of criminal law. The introduction to criminal law and the legal system are the first two chapters and lead to a nice introduction to the rest of the textbook. The book develops by explaining the constitutional protections and then defenses. In other books, I have seen defenses after crimes against property, the public, and the government. This criminal law textbook starts with defenses and then moves forward with types of offenses. The elements of a crime are divided into criminal elements, intent, and harm. This has more coverage in this section than I have seen in other textbooks. This textbook makes it easy for undergraduate students to fully understand this foundational information. It covers the subject appropriately and effectively in this way.

Content Accuracy rating: 5

No biases or inaccurate information was found. This textbook uses facts and cases that are well documented.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 4

This textbook includes the core criminal law concepts as covered by most criminal law textbooks. The chapters flow in logical order and build on their information in a nice methodical way. The contents are up-to-date for the publication date of 2015. Instructors will need to provide some updated material to supplement this textbook, but the ideas, terms, and chapters are valuable. I am giving this a 4 because it is a 2015 publication and will need updated supplemental materials.

Clarity rating: 5

The textbook is presented clearly. This seems as though it would be easily understood by undergraduate students. The terminology is identified in a clear way and the chapters flow into each other in an organized way. No jargon or confusing terminology was found. This uses legal terminology that is accurate.

Consistency rating: 5

Consistent terminology and framework were used throughout the textbook. It made the build from chapter to chapter easy to follow.

Modularity rating: 5

This textbook is nicely broken down and organized into smaller reading sections. It would be simple for an instructor to reference a specific section or assign a specific section in the book. It is easy to access from different points within the course. It is nicely organized and easy to follow.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 5

The organization of this textbook was logical and clear. The chapters seemed to build on each other. It was organized a little differently from previous textbooks but did so in an effective way. In other books, I have seen defenses after crimes against property, the public, and the government. This criminal law textbook starts with defenses and then moves forward with types of offenses. The elements of a crime are divided into criminal elements, intent, and harm. This has more coverage in this section than I have seen in other textbooks. This textbook makes it easy for undergraduate students to fully understand this foundational information. It covers the subject appropriately and effectively in this way.

Interface rating: 5

This textbook was free of any interface issues or navigational issues.

Grammatical Errors rating: 5

I have not identified any grammatical errors.

Cultural Relevance rating: 5

This textbook does effectively raise the complex issues of race and ethnicity in criminal law in a responsible manner. No issues with insensitivity or offensive language that I found.

This was an excellent textbook. It was well-organized and relevant. Keep in mind it is from 2015, so some up-to-date material will be required by the instructor.

Reviewed by DeAris Hoard, Lecturer of Criminal Justice, Eastern New Mexico University on 12/12/21

The text was quite comprehensive and covered the subject matter in a fashion easily understood by undergraduate students. The text is an excellent resource for undergraduate students in introductory-level courses. read more

The text provided an accurate representation of knowledge regarding the subject matter.

The information provided in the text is mixed/varied. There are newer sources referenced in the text, along with older, yet valuable, sources.

The text is presented clearly and in a manner easily understood by undergraduate students in introductory or cursory courses.

The text is consistent with the learning objectives, table of contents, and supplementary definitions presented.

The text is nicely broken and organized into smaller reading sections.

The organization and flow of the text were both logical and clear.

The text was easy to navigate, and there were no distracting or confusing images or charts.

There we no observed grammatical errors/issues.

There were no observed issues in the text concerning cultural sensitivity.

Reviewed by Robert Henderson, Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Anchorage on 12/29/20, updated 1/10/21

Comprehensiveness rating: 4 see less

I found this textbook to be an excellent resource for an upper-division, undergraduate course in Criminal Law. Criminal law is a relatively straight-forward topic and this text does a good job of providing a good overview of the topic. The textbook highlights the majority of the significant aspects of criminal law and is written in an easy to understand format. To provide complete overview of the topic, I recommend supplementing the textbook with jurisdiction-specific caselaw, allowing the students to experience factual application of the principles discussed in the textbook. All but one chapter provide the students with an in-depth review of the relevant subtopic. Chapter 12, Crimes Against the Public, was not as developed as earlier chapters. I expanded Chapter 12 into two, separate subparts: Public Order Offenses and Social Order Offenses. I expanded Chapter 12 in an effort to provide a more comprehensive overview of the various crimes included within this range of conduct.

The textbook is generally accurate and error-free. Given that criminal law is jurisdiction-specific, the textbook does a good job of providing various examples of the different principles. This is especially true when augmented with jurisdiction-specific caselaw.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 5

The textbook is up-to-date and addresses all major developments within criminal law.

The textbook works well as the primary textbook for an upper-division, undergraduate textbook. The text is easily understood by undergraduate students.

I found the textbook to be internally consistent and easily supplemented with outside information.

With the exception of the first two chapters, both of which provide general background and fundamental principles surrounding criminal law, the textbook chapters are easily re-arranged to fit different course schedules.

Although I personally re-organized the chapters, it was only due to personal preference. The textbook's modularity allowed this easily adjustment.

Neither I, nor my students, faced any significant interface issues using this textbook. It is accessible and available in different media formats.

I did not find the textbook to be culturally insensitive or offensive.

Overall, I would recommend this textbook to instructors teaching an upper-division, undergraduate course in criminal law. Although the textbook does not have all of the "features" of a commercial textbook (i.e., study guides, test banks), I found the textbook worked well as supplementary materials. This is not a criticism -- given that criminal law is a jurisdictional-specific subject matter, the textbook does a good job of providing students with general, foundational concepts and allows the instructor to easily supplement the course with jurisdiction-relevant information. All but one chapter provide the students with an in-depth review of the relevant subtopic. Chapter 12, Crimes Against the Public, was not as developed as earlier chapters. I expanded Chapter 12 into two, separate subparts: Public Order Offenses and Social Order Offenses. I expanded Chapter 12 in an effort to provide a more comprehensive overview of the various crimes included within this range of conduct.

Reviewed by Robert Rocklin, Pro Tem Faculty, University of Oregon on 6/10/20

The text is generally comprehensive. It covers all the major areas of criminal law, from individual crimes to broader issues such as the role of the United States Constitution in placing limits on criminal punishment. The text has a fairly detailed table of contents, but no index or glossary. The latter omission is surprising, because the text includes many terms that are bolded, which in other texts often suggests that they are defined in a glossary.

Content Accuracy rating: 3

The content appears to be unbiased. There are, however, a number of errors or inaccuracies. As just one example, the first chapter states that the goal of civil litigation is to “compensate the plaintiff for any injuries and to put the plaintiff back in the position that the person held before the injury occurred.” And the discussion and examples that follow all focus on tort litigation and money damages. But civil litigation is much broader than that, encompassing contract disputes, property issues, injunctive relief, and a host of other issues and remedies. Similarly, the text states that the goal of criminal prosecution is to “punish the defendant.” But as the text later explains, there are at least four goals that criminal law seeks to serve. As another example, the text states that, in Gonzales v. Oregon, 546 U.S. 243 (2006), the Court held that the United States Attorney General “cannot criminalize the use of drugs under Oregon’s Death With Dignity Act.” But that case dealt with license revocation, not criminal sanctions. There are many other inaccurate statements throughout the book.

The content is up-to-date. Because criminal law varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, it is impossible to be completely up-to-date in the details. But the general principles addressed in the text are descriptive of contemporary criminal law.

Clarity rating: 4

The text is written in a way that should be accessible to most undergraduate students. But there are some exceptions. For example, the text states, “Lawyers primarily use precedent in their arguments, rather than statutes or the Constitution, because it is so specific.” That statement is both inaccurate and confusing. Another example: The text states that judicial opinions “can also contain more than one case law . . . .” That sentence is, at the least, confusing. As for context, although the text generally does a good job of providing relevant context, there are some lapses. For example, the text mentions “double jeopardy” without explaining what it is.

The text is internally consistent in terms of terminology and framework.

The text gets high marks on modularity. The text includes few, if any, long sections; it makes generous use of headings. Occasionally, it is inappropriately self-referential. For example, in section 8.1 “Attempt” the text mentions a concept and then says, “as is discussed in Section 8.1 ‘Attempt’.”

The text is well-organized. Like other criminal law texts, it proceeds from general criminal law principles, to discussion of specific categories of crime, and then to specific crimes.

Interface rating: 3

Generally, the text’s interface works. But there are some broken links to other parts of the text and some broken links to external resources. Although the charts and tables are easy to read, they often inaccurately depict the relationships they are intended to clarify. For example, constitutional provisions are superior to statutory ones, but the figure depicting the relationship shows a circular relationship. Similarly, when summarizing inchoate crimes, the figures start with defenses to the crimes, rather than the affirmative elements of the crimes. In general, many or most of the figures are either inaccurate or confusing.

With a few exceptions, the text is grammatical.

Cultural Relevance rating: 4

The text is not overtly insensitive or offensive. But many or most of the examples—and there are a lot of examples—tend to use stereotypically Anglo names for the characters.

I’m of two minds about this book. It is comprehensive and it includes lots of exercises, examples, learning objectives and “key takeaways.” The discussion of substantive criminal law is mostly accurate and the text is readable. But, as noted, the text includes many inaccurate or misleading statements (especially in the more general discussions) and the figures misrepresent important relationships (for example, depicting both state and federal judiciaries as part of a single judicial branch). Obviously, the price of the book can't be beat. But if one were to use it, I'd recommend including errata or somehow informing students about the deficiencies related above.

Reviewed by Andre Adeli, Lecturer, Metropolitan State University of Denver on 7/24/19

Although it is difficult to be comprehensive in an introductory text, the author's attempts at introducing legal concepts through individual cases in my experience is not a good starting points. read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 3 see less

Although it is difficult to be comprehensive in an introductory text, the author's attempts at introducing legal concepts through individual cases in my experience is not a good starting points.

Content Accuracy rating: 2

On one occasion the year cited on an important case from 1970 was cited as a 2010 case. Other references to well known criminal cases contained inaccuracies.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 3

Relevance and longevity could be improved by including more recent analysis of contemporary cases. 4th Amendment and 8th Amendment issues are already in need of updates.

More than 90% of the content is written in a succinct and clear manner. Moving around within each chapter is somewhat confusing, however.

Consistency rating: 4

Framework is consistent and terminology is accurate but often includes too many civil law references. For students not familiar with civil or criminal law the civil law references may be confusing.

Modularity rating: 4

Great modularity, but not clear how material can be integrated with other source material.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 4

The topics were presented in the traditional format for an introductory text.

I encountered a couple of dead links.

I did not notice any grammatical errors.

The textbook raises the complex issues of race and ethnicity in criminal law in a responsible and sensitive manner.

This OER textbook seems to be an excellent start to an interactive textbook on Criminal Law, unfortunately, I am not ready to adopt in its current form. I would need better introductions to the topics, a way to substitute links or insert more recent appellate cases in the discussion or summary sections of the chapters to feel comfortable with this text as a platform for my Criminal Law classes.

Reviewed by Jennifer Dannels, Lead Instructor - Criminal Justice, NTCC on 4/23/19

This book is even more comprehensive than previous textbooks (non-OER) I've used in the past. I especially like how it covers the constitutional issues (freedom of speech, right to "privacy" (birth control, abortion, etc.), ex post facto clause, due process challenges, etc.) in Chapter 3. I don't recall other textbooks giving this much attention to the U.S. Constitution but it is extremely important. I believe my students are now better able to understand why some statutes are held unconstitutional by the courts. Too often, students (and the public at large) think that the legislature can just pass laws without ever giving thought to the fact that they may be in opposition to what our constitution allows.

Additionally, I had read previous reviews that mentioned the lack of discussion about terrorism in this book. But I think it's covered sufficiently. While terrorism is definitely at the forefront of the news and our minds these days, the truth is that terrorism charges/convictions are still few compared to the other crimes in the U.S. And I think the textbook at least offers a good starting point for a discussion on terrorism -- the instructor can easily find additional material about current day challenges to the PATRIOT Act and current news stories about recent terrorism acts and charges.

I found very few (if any) errors in this textbook. I am a licensed attorney and have been so disappointed in the past with other textbooks with inaccurate information and just a plain misunderstanding of how the law works. It is clear to me that the author of this textbook is an attorney --- which is how it should be. Too often I find that Criminal Law textbooks are written by non-attorneys which makes little to no sense. Sure, non-attorneys can write about Criminal Justice in general and certain specific topics, but I think the matter of law (especially constitutional and criminal law) should be left to those actually trained in the interpretation and practice of the law.

This textbook does a great job of providing relevant and up-to-date court decisions and statutes. It is impossible to write a law textbook that will not need to be updated at some point because the law does change - it's just the nature of the beast. However, this text gives a great overview of the overarching Supreme Court decisions and underlying themes/policies that do not change very often. I also found that it was easy to insert my own state's statutes into my lectures. As a result, the students learned the general principles and majority views from this textbook -- and then I showed them specifically what Louisiana requires. So when it comes to updating my course, I really just need to focus on my state's statutory changes.

My biggest compliment that I have for this textbook is that it is extremely clear and provides excellent real-life examples to demonstrate each concept/element. I wish this textbook had been around back when I was in law school!! It would have been much easier to understand. I love how this textbook breaks every topic into clear and concise sections (with a clear bold heading to boot!) -- and then the author just gets right in, explains the concept, gives an example, and then moves on. No need to use fancy and excessive language when it is simply not needed.

My only real complaint (if you can even call it that) is that some of the examples were a little far-fetched or maybe didn't illustrate a point perfectly, but it was easy enough to come up with my own examples to illustrate the point. And there really were only just a handful of examples that I did not like - the overwhelming majority of them were spot-on. These examples are crucial to put the law into context for students. Without them, it's just a bunch of concepts that the students can't always translate into the real world.

This book was consistent all the way through.

I really liked how the chapters are divided up into reasonable chunks with clear and bold headings. Each section was also relatively small (consisting of usually only a few paragraphs) which made for easy reading and comprehension. I also appreciated how each section of the chapter ended with a summary, hypothetical scenarios, and real court cases that illustrate the points covered in the text. The end-of-the-chapter reviews were also great with additional questions/hypothetical scenarios for the students to ponder and to illustrate how the law translates into real-life cases.

The topics of this text are organized to perfection. I really have no complaints in this area. I followed the textbook in the order as it was written because I saw no reason to change it. The student really must have a good understanding of possible constitutional challenges and the basic elements of all crimes (criminal act, intent, attendant circumstances, etc) before you can really dive into each category of specific crimes.

I did not notice any problems in this area, and heard no complaints from students either.

I did not notice any grammatical errors -- and I greatly appreciated how the case and statutory citations were all correct!! Too often, I see other textbooks get that part wrong which is frustrating. Again, probably because someone other than an attorney/paralegal wrote it - and legal citations are a completely separate beast than other forms of citations. So great job in this area!

I do not recall reading any portions of the texts (including examples) that were insensitive or offensive. I think the author did a very nice job of remaining neutral and culturally appropriate.

This is an overall excellent textbook! I teach this course at a community college and I find that students are easily able to follow along and understand the content. Yet, it is not over-simplistic at all. It covers a large amount of material in an appropriate amount of time/space and gives real-life examples that help students connect the dots between the criminal statute and policies with actual criminal charges/trials/convictions. I will be using this textbook for years to come. A huge shout-out to the author of this fabulous open textbook!

Reviewed by Dave Coffey, Prof/Program Head Administration of Justice, Thomas Nelson Community College on 3/6/19

This is a good Criminal Law text for college undergraduates. The text covers most of the major areas of criminal law. The chapter orders are logically sequenced providing a building block approach for students. Material is presented clearly and concisely making it easy for students to understand. “End of Chapters” includes exercises, questions, case citations and links as well as websites and articles, all very good resources for students.

The broad concepts covered in this book and the materials used to present them contains no inaccurate information or bias presentation. Bearing in mind that legal texts and materials are always subject to interpretations and criticism.

The core criminal law concepts as covered in this book and its chapters are long standing principles and generally have not dramatically changed over the past years. Criminal law changes slowly and therefore this book should be a good intro book for many years. Additionally the text should be relatively easy to update in the modular format that it is written. There are a number of hyperlinks used throughout the book that need to be checked regularly for accuracy.

The book is very easy to follow and written in such a way as students of all levels should be able to read and understand the materials. The substantive materials are reinforced and supported by interesting examples and critical thinking exercises to assist students in their understanding of the subject. The book also provides many examples and visual aids to explain many of the concepts and terms used. I would say this book is very student friendly.

The book generally is consistent throughout as it relates to the layout of chapters, terminology, formatting and presentation of information. Every chapter concludes with an End of Chapter section that has exercises with answers, case listings, summaries and links to websites. I think students will find these materials very useful. Chapters followed a consistent user friendly formatting that further aids student’s understanding.

The text is written in a logical, easy to follow, modular format that allows for easy reorganization and assignments for students. Each chapter is focused on specific learning objectives and materials that support the learning objective. Assignments can be tailored around the learning objectives. Each chapter is broken down and numbered into sub-components of the overall chapter subject.

The structure, organization and flow of the materials contained in the book are logical and follow in a manner that is conducive to learning. The textbook provides a basic introduction to Criminal Law to include the U.S. legal system; constitutional laws and protections; and traditional general elements of Criminal Law and specific crimes and defenses. This material is broken down into logical presentations and sections.

Interface rating: 4

I did not see any major problems with student textbook interface. However, I did have some problems with returning to the same spot in the textbook after clicking on some links. Most links worked fine but some seemed to be a little problematic and one was expired. It could have been my computer or me.

I did not notice any glaring grammatical errors. Overall the textbook appeared to be very well written.

The book appears to be culturally appropriate for the course and subject matter. I did not find any culturally incentive or offensive material or examples in the book.

I would certainly consider adopting this textbook for my Criminal Law course. It covers the major topics relative to Criminal Law and it does so in a manner that I think would be beneficial to our students. The textbook is equal to and in many ways, better than many of the leading textbooks for purchase that are on the market and in our bookstores today.

Reviewed by Kelly Ayers, Clinical Instructor, West Virginia University on 5/21/18

The information covered in this text is general in nature, yet thorough enough to understand the foundations of the topic. Given that I would be using this text for undergraduate students, the amount of information and its depth seem to be on... read more

I am not a legal expert and cannot comment specifically to the accuracy; however, I do appreciate the long list of individuals provided that were identified as having reviewed the material prior to publication specifically for that purpose.

Criminal law itself will be unchanging, but its interpretation will. The author has included contemporary cases and other examples that provide the student with an understanding of the applications. It is made clear that there will be variations in different jurisdictions and that many of the examples are illustrative in nature.

Criminal Law is an easy read and any terms that would be unfamiliar to the undergraduate student is well defined and used in examples. The exercises throughout the text also offer methods of becoming familiar with the language.

Criminal law is written in a way that is easy to follow and each chapter is laid out in the same fashion which makes the material very easy to navigate.

The chapters are broken up into easy to read subunits and there are several references to other areas of the book if there is a reference that needs to be made. This format makes it easy for the student and instructor to connect material moving forward allowing this book to be more comprehensive.

The topics were laid out in a way that was easy to follow and permits the student to build on previous information as they read forward. The beginning lays out general information about criminal law and the legal system and then breaks down into more specific elements related to criminal law.

All links throughout the book were active and images look clear. The text is laid out in an easy to read format for the computer screen. The text and supplemental materials are extremely user friendly.

There were no grammatical errors noted throughout the text. The book is easy to follow and well written.

There was nothing that stood out as anything that may be offensive within the material or the examples. If there were references to cultural differences within examples, it is strictly due to relevance to the issue being discussed.

I am excited that there is a simple, easy to read foundational text in criminal law that can be shared with my forensic students. These students may or may not choose law school, but there should be a holistic understanding of how their work fits into the legal system as they go on to play a critical role in the investigation and prosecution of criminal activity.

Reviewed by Tracy Barley, Assistant Professor, North Carolina Central University on 2/1/18

This textbook is comprehensive; it is substantially equivalent in content to the published textbook (including its updates) our department has used for the last 10 years. It covers the key concepts that will meet our student learning outcomes. I particularly like the End of Chapter material, the Key Takeaway boxes and the Exercises and the inclusion, with links, to supplemental material.

I would like to have included a section on White Collar Crimes; we teach this section and incorporate material on bias, implicit bias, sentencing disparities and investigations.

Also it would be important to include Cyber Crimes; however, this could be added if the book can be remixed.

Content Accuracy rating: 4

The content is accurate based on a random sampling of the material; the links to supplemental worked and that content was unbiased. I also paid attention to the names used in the examples to be certain they were race neutral to avoid any further stereotyping and implicit bias.

The content is up-to-date and relevant with the exception of the omission of Cyber Crimes and Financial Crimes; these are codified in all states and some of the fastest growing.

Very clear language and appropriate for mid-level undergraduate students.

Framework is good with the exception of the a couple of Key Takeaway boxes were not consistently formatted in color.

This was excellent! Chunking is a best practice teaching strategy and this format is very conducive to this method. The individual learning objectives at the beginning of each unit and subunit are also helpful for aligning with our course student learning outcomes.

Nice structure and flow; in a side by side comparison with the text I currently use, it is much more appealing visually and manageable. I especially like that the cases are attached as links to supplemental material rather than embedded in the text. The heavy text based materials often intimidate lower to mid level undergraduate students and they become discouraged depending on their learning styles.

The interface is great. I like the differentiation of the colors which signifies a change to students. The colors are also compatible with accessibility and screen reading.

There were no obvious grammatical errors.

I liked the relevance and updated content and examples. The Tom DeLay case is one example of a recent event that illustrates crime occurs at all socio economic levels and demographic groups. This is very important for my students as I teach at an HBCU.

I appreciate the care taken to create an open source book that is comprehensive, easy to navigate and meets accessibility standards. The color coding makes it easy for undergraduate students to perform a knowledge check after reading the chapter material. Additionally, the multiple formats make it even more accessible for students.

Reviewed by B.A.B. ---, Associate Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University on 2/1/18

Comprehensiveness rating: 1 see less

I would say that this book attempts to cover a broad spectrum of criminal law topics, so in that sense it’s comprehensive, but in terms of the depth with which each topic is treated, it is far from comprehensive. The entire textbook actually reads more like a study guide or even a professor’s lecture notes or slides. When I adopt a textbook, I want it to be comprehensive enough so that I can base my lectures on the chapter topic highlights; here it seems that the author does the opposite. Were I a student, I would think that reading this book would leave me with many more questions than answers. Maybe it’s a fundamental difference of paedagogy, but I don’t want to spend my classtime filling in all the lacunae left by the students’ textbook; rather, I want to spend that classtime expanding on what was presented in the textbook. To me, those are fundamentally different aims.

A discussion on “justice” (whatever that means!) is conspicuously absent from this book. This is a substantively different discussion than “purposes of punishment.” There is also, as far as I can tell, no discussion of how to read a case citation. That’s so important! Because citations tell you so much important information about a case! I’m surprised, because this is sort of a standard sub-topic in a criminal law class, especially when students are asked to brief cases.

The “purposes of punishment” section is but one of many sections that has been glossed over. There should probably be a section comparing retributive and utilitarian schools of thought (actually, I see nothing referring to “utilitarianism” now that I think of it) and giving concrete examples of these differing philosophies in action. Generally speaking, I think it would be helpful to have examples from case law throughout the book to illustrate how concepts apply. Case law is rich with great examples, which are conspicuously absent.

Some of the topics warrant more in-depth treatment. The discussion of various punishment justifications is pretty superficial; incapacitation, for example, encompasses a whole lot more than just “prevent[ing] future crime by removing the defendant from society.” It’s also factually incorrect that house arrest—one of the examples given— removes the defendant from society; on the contrary, it’s an alternative community-oriented sanction intended to keep the offender out in the community!?

This book sidesteps the longevity issue because it doesn’t make any references to case law, so there’s no way the case law could become outdated if not altogether obsolete.

The book is consistently cursory, does that count? No seriously… I do think it somewhat odd that some topics are treated in more detail than others (e.g., criminal homicide has its own chapter). The organization is confusing because criminal homicide gets its own chapter, but then subsequent chapters are organized like most state criminal codes (e.g. property crimes, crimes against the person, etc). I would have put criminal homicide into a broader “crimes against persons” chapter heading to be consistent with subsequent chapters. The way subject matter is presented is both unclear and inconsistent which makes it confusing. Is that why robbery is classed with property crimes? Because a large number of states actually consider robbery a crime against persons, not property, but there’s no personal crimes chapter, so I guess that’s why robbery was put in with property crimes.

Consistency rating: 2

Modularity rating: 3

there is a general flow from one chapter to the next, and the chapters are so brief that it would be easy to assign small reading sections. as regards "self-referencing," I don't actually see a single source citation anywhere in here so I guess "self-referencing" isn't an issue either?

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 2

I think some of the topic ordering is a little counterintuitive, at least to me, and so is how some of the topics are grouped. Affirmative defenses of Justification and excuse seem to be conflated here, and there are actually a number of really important substantive differences between the two categories. If you run a textbook search for “affirmative,” interestingly, the term doesn’t even pop up in either chapter on criminal defenses.

I do really like the exercises presented in each chapter, especially the ones in which students have to read a scenario and determine some point of law discussed in the chapter. When I was learning to teach at the undergraduate level, a wise professor once told me that the hardest thing in teaching would be to come up with lots and lots and lots of examples, because those are what help students best identify and begin to apply a concept they’re learning. And he was right! When I teach criminal law, when I’m teaching search and seizure, for example, I have to be armed and ready with dozens of examples. These exercises are really helpful in that regard.

I didn't experience any navigational difficulties

I didn't notice any glaring errors.

Cultural Relevance rating: 2

No examples, so no problems of potential offensiveness! makes little if any effort to connect subject matter within broader cultural context.

I wouldn't adopt this textbook for a college course. As it reads more like a superficial study guide, it maybe more appropriate for high school readers. My general impression is that it doesn't effectively equip students with the requisite knowledge they should have having taken a criminal law class. Everything in it seems pretty "dumbed down." I hate to say that, but that's really my overall impression. The subject matter is just not done justice (pun intended).

My first more specific impression opening this e-Book, though, is that the table of contents is not appropriately detailed. Without a detailed TOC as a “road map” through the book, it’s hard for me to assess whether the book actually addresses each criminal law sub-topic in appropriate order and depth… because no information whatsoever is provided that would tell me anything about topic order and depth! It’s also hard for me to see how one concept connects with the preceding and following. I see that a somewhat cursory TOC has been added as a tab on the righthand side of the text, but I have to say, it’s awfully superficial. Section 1.7 is called “End-of-Chapter Material.” What does that refer to? Section 1.6, “Sources of Law,” could mean any number of things (e.g., common law? Case law? Precedent? English legal heritage? Administrative regulations? Constitutions? Stare decisis? Statutory law? Codification? And so forth). If I were a student trying to locate a particular sub-topic in the book, the TOC isn’t much help. We all know that students have limited attention spans these days, so whatever can be done to make the topics more readily accessible and easy to locate would be helpful. The list of key concepts at the start of each section is helpful though.

My second impression upon opening this e-book is… bursting out laughing at the contents of the first page page, “Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Law.” I find the picture of a “Dodge Charger with a Police Package” to be a really bizarre photo to introduce a criminal law textbook. What is the point of that? Is this an "intro to policing" book? The picture isn’t even comprehensively illustrative of a tricked out police Dodge Charger, anyway. I don't get it.

I am also raising my eyebrows at the citation of the case quote on this page (BMW of North America, Inc., v. Gore.” Come on now, this is NOT how we cite to cases by any stretch of the imagination, regardless of whether you're a lawyer, academic, or student at any level. If you’re not going to provide the entire citation—which is really what should have been done here, because it contains a lot of important information—at least do the slightly less lazy party 1 v. party 2 (year).

Overall the first page looks to me like a pretty sophomoric attempt at starting Chapter 1. It doesn’t in any way draw my interest, and the photo and citation chosen to introduce both the chapter and entire textbook are puzzling. I am having a hard time understanding how those are illustrative of what’s to come in the chapter. All I can deduce is that the author has some kind of preoccupation with cars, given the dodge charger and BMW references!?

The first page of Chapter 1 sets the tone for the rest of the book, and as such, if I were a student I would be reticent to slog through any further.

Reviewed by Anne Douds, Lecturer, Penn State Harrisburg on 2/1/18

This introductory criminal law text covers almost all major areas of criminal law, but it would be nice if it covered the evolving fields of terrorism and cyber security a bit better. The table of contents is concise and provides useful navigation. The lesson content is a bit brief and simplistic, but it is suitable for an undergraduate introduction to criminal law class.

The book uses neutral language, but the undertone of the content leans towards a civil rights/civil libertarian perspective.

Fortunately, criminal law evolves slowly, so this text should have good longevity. It does not cover much criminal procedure, but the portions of it that deal with procedure could become dated in the event of a major, reformative Supreme Court opinion (which is true of all criminal procedure texts).

Clarity is good. The book uses short, concise sentences. The format makes it easy to follow.

The formatting and content are consistent. The degree of difficulty of the content remains at the same level throughout the work.

It is divided into logical, easy-to-follow modules.

The book has natural flow and is organized in a very appropriate fashion.

So far as I can tell, the interface is fine.

I did not catch any errors.

The book stays within the middle of the political spectrum, with a slight tendency towards libertarian views.

Reviewed by Makeda Carr, Instructor, Virginia State University on 6/20/17

Reviewing the TOC provides a comprehensive overview of the subject matter found in typical Criminal Law textbooks. In comparison to another book, they cover the same material such as sources and limitations of law, jurisdiction and defining... read more

This text utilizes reliable sourced information that are accessible in the text to check for accuracy. I believe the book is presented in a neutral manner and is unbiased.

The information has a mixed of old and new content indicative of various criminal law books. Different types of dated content are necessary to understand application of law and diverse decisions by judicial bodies.

Clarity in this text comes from the chunked structure, followed by practical examples and exercises.

Yes. This book is consistent with the learning objectives, content and exercises to match objectives. The consistency should be helpful for those needing to be in compliance with Bloom's Taxonomy.

This book is complied nicely. Instead of reading a very long page of information online, the sections were divided by subject matter and thoroughly covered content in a succinctly.

A gradual intensity in content organization flowed well comparable to other texts.

Structurally, the text was easy to navigate and read. The charts and images were not distorted or distracting.

I did not identify any grammatical errors.

I did not get a sense that the book was culturally insensitive. The focus of the text was an introduction to the topic of criminal law and is neutral in its presentation of cases and facts.

I appreciate the unnamed author taking their time to write such a comprehensive text.

Reviewed by Stephone Addison, Assistant Professor, Southern University And A & M College on 6/20/17

The text is comprehensive. I have been teaching Criminal Law for over 20 years and have used several textbooks. This Open Source text covers, for the most part, every major subject in Criminal Law that was covered in prior textbooks that I have used in the past. Although the book appear to lack a traditional index and glossary separate in the book, there are lots of information, links to other websites, etc to provide plenty of information regarding key terms and concepts.

The content in this textbook appears to be accurate. It provides many references (i.e., Books, Cases, Articles, Websites, etc.) many of which are used in most private industry textbooks of its kind.

The Content in this text is taken primarily from 2012. Since it is now 2017, it is probably due for an update. However, it was noted that University of Minnesota Library edited this material in 2015. Notwithstanding, a lot of the material used is still relevant for understanding Criminal Law concepts. The good thing here is that it appears to be a relatively easy process to update information which can make for an easy transition from old to new and thereby strengthening the longevity of the overall text.

The book is written in plain language that allows for clarity of information. It is relatively concise, straight forward and appears to be very user friendly for undergraduate students. Also, the book provides many examples and figures (visual aids and illustrations) that further explains many of the terms (technical and otherwise) for better understanding.

The text is, for the most part, consistent throughout in terms of the order or layout from chapter to chapter. Each chapter is consistent in its presentation (i.e., key areas of discussion subtitled under each chapter, objectives are provided for each subtitles and key concepts relevant to each subtitle). Also, diagrams, charts & figures are consistent in each chapter as well as scenarios, Key takeaways and exercises are provided at the end of each chapter. One caveat however is that the terms in blue are not always consistent in that some are links to other information and some of the terms are just written in blue.

Again, the book is arranged in a modular format via chapter and sections. Each chapter are broken down into sections which include relevant terms and concepts that directs back to the chapter. These sections allow the reader to keep learning and comprehension focused without running the risk of losing the chapter’s objectives. The text places the table of contents in the area prior to downloading the textbook. Probably would have been best at the beginning which would help with even better navigation. Nonetheless, the sections within each chapter still provides enough navigation within the chapters sufficient to maintain a reasonable flow of information.

This book displays good organization, structure and flow. The organization of the chapters pursuant to various criminal law subjects are relatively consistent with other texts that I have used in the past. The table of contents could have been better placed at the top of chapter 1, but not a deal breaker as for as organization is concerned. The structure is good, particularly, the alignment of the chapters with the charts, graphs, illustrations, videos, etc. Finally, the chapters provide a favorable flow from one area of criminal law to the next. Each chapter conclude with an “End-of-Chapter Material.”

I didn’t see any major problems with how the textbook interfaced with the reader. In some spots, I was not able to get back right away to original page after clicking on some of the illustrations. I had to go totally out of the page and back to downloads to get back into the text. Could be an issue with my computer, just not sure. Also, some links didn’t work and needed to be updated. However, a lot of the links did work.

I didn’t really encounter any substantial amount of grammatical errors. Again, some of the links perhaps need to be updated and/or refreshed.

I didn’t detect any problems here. Appeared to contain common issues relative to Criminal Law and Criminal Justice that may create some controversial discussion, but nothing appearing to be unbiased, culturally or otherwise.

I thought this textbook would be one I could be comfortable with adopting for my class. It contains the major topics, relative to Criminal Law, that are consistent with the topics in many of the leading textbooks for purchase and that I have used before. In conclusion, this book appears to be a good textbook overall based on the above reasons provided in the review above) and one that I may consider recommending to others.

Reviewed by Christina Mancini, Associate Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University on 4/11/17

The text appears comprehensive but the lack of a Table of Contents page makes it difficult to assess at first glance the scope of the work. read more

The text appears comprehensive but the lack of a Table of Contents page makes it difficult to assess at first glance the scope of the work.

It appeared very well researched.

It is written in a way that it could be easily updated by adding relevant cases (e.g., the text mentions a celebrated case of Casey Anthony to illustrate circumstantial and direct evidence. I can see such concepts being made relevant by a switch to the case du jour.

Great writing.

Consistency rating: 3

Decent, but again my concern was involving some of the framing and lack of TOC.

I think it has modularity.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 3

Good, but a TOC would have helped organize the general framing better.

The interface was well done.

The text was inclusive and relevant for today's criminal justice system debates and controversies.

I would have liked to know the author and the TOC should have been displayed at the front-end. Other than that, great work!

Reviewed by Shana Mell, Criminal Justice Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University on 2/8/17

Criminal law textbooks require a number of specific topics in order to meet the expectations of the course. This textbook contains those essential elements. The table of contents very clearly outlines each chapters and subsection so that students/instructors are able to identify each content area. An appendix contains a listing of relevant cited case citations for further review. There does not appear to be a glossary or index apart from the appendix but each chapter concludes with an "End of Chapter" section that lists answers to exercises, questions, case listings, summaries, and links to applicable cases, articles, and websites.

I found no evidence of inaccurate information or bias presented within this text.

This text follows the standard format that most criminal law texts adopt. Each subsection within the 14 chapters can be easily updated with seminal cases that may emerge. Most of the content within this text will remain intact but the format allows for efficient updates, as necessary. The author utilizes examples that will be of interest for a number of years.

This is where a number of criminal law/procedure texts fall short. This was one of the text's key strengths. This text was extremely accessible to students of all levels. It contained excellent examples and explanations that illustrated each of the main concepts. I especially enjoyed the author's writing style. I found the prose both well-written and conversational, which contributes to the strength of this text. The presentation of the material throughout each chapter was complemented by interesting examples and critical thinking exercises that encourage application of the material.

This text followed a consistent framework throughout. Each chapter was laid out in the established format containing each of the content areas. The material was presented with applicable exercises and questions throughout. Each chapter concludes with an "End of Chapter" section that lists answers to exercises, questions, case listings, summaries, and links to applicable cases, articles, and websites. I found the summaries and exercises especially useful. Key words are italicized for emphasis and quick reference. The chapters were easy to follow as they contained a number of subheadings to keep the material organized. Further, each chapter is made up of specific learning objectives that conclude with exercises and reference material.

Each chapter is made up of specific learning objectives that can be easily assigned based on content areas within the course. These objectives are fairly brief and contain exercises and reference material at the conclusion. I found this approach to be a key strength of this text since it offers a framework for assignment creation and discussion of key points within each chapter. When you look at how many learning objectives are actually contained within the entire text, there are hundreds of links to websites with reference material and exercises that students can complete independently or as part of a classroom discussion.

This text followed a consistent framework throughout. Each chapter was laid out in the established format containing each of the content areas. The material was presented with applicable exercises and questions throughout. Each chapter concludes with an "End of Chapter" section that lists answers to exercises, questions, case listings, summaries, and links to applicable cases, articles, and websites. I found the summaries and exercises especially useful. I also enjoyed the pictures, graphics, and illustrations used to develop the material. Each objective contains an interesting component entitled "key takeaways" that lists a sentence or two describing the main points to recall.

I checked a number of the links within the text and they all worked for me. I also used the table of contents to navigate through the text and was able to get to each section very easily. The table of contents and home buttons appear on the upper right corner and allow the reader to quickly locate the area that they need. The table of contents lists each chapter and unit by number and title (topic) for ease of use.

I do not recall noticing any grammatical errors. This is exceptionally important since a textbook and author lose credibility when there are a number of grammatical issues.

I found no culturally insensitive or offensive examples presented within this text.

I would certainly adopt this text. I found it as sufficient as any other criminal law text offered for purchase. In some areas (noted above as key strengths), it is superior to texts that I have read/used. I enjoyed reading through this text and plan to adopt it if/when I teach this course in the future.

Reviewed by Caoimhin OFearghail, Program Coordinator, Lane Community College on 8/21/16

This text covers all of the basic concepts found in other traditional criminal law survey texts with the exception of an instructional overview on reading and interpreting case reports—a significant shortcoming given the author’s heavy use of external links to such reports. Though the text lacks both an index and a glossary, these are unnecessary in a searchable electronic document. A table of contents is likewise unnecessary in a PDF in which bookmarks have been added to navigate the contents of the text. Such is the case here; however the text, by default, should open with the bookmarks displayed. The lack of these traditional elements would only be inconvenient for the undoubtedly small percentage of students who prefer to print the whole book.

Bearing in mind that the purpose of the text is to provide a broad overview of the subject for undergraduate students, the key concepts and summaries are accurate.

Periodic updates will be necessary due to developments in both statutory and case law. The extensive use of links to external sites might pose a problem should the site addresses change.

The author’s vocabulary is appropriate to an undergraduate audience, and the author’s liberal use of simple sentences results in a very clear and accessible writing style. New terms are clearly introduced to the reader and subsequently integrated into the text; however, the author identifies these new terms inconsistently (see Consistency below).

The text is consistent in terms of both its visual and stylistic presentation, but less so in its introduction of key terms, which the author introduces or uses in italics, bold, and blue with no discernible purpose. The blue font, though more eye-catching, is confusing at times because it is also used extensively throughout the text for hyperlinks. To compound the confusion, the author chose not to underline these links.

The text is obviously designed as an integrated whole but could, with little effort, be rearranged to suit criminal law surveys of varied lengths or to suit an instructor’s specific approach. The chapters and sections also lend themselves for use as selected readings.

The author has organized the text in a manner that will be familiar anyone who has every used a survey text in substantive criminal law. The first half (comprising eight chapters) covers the “general part” of criminal law, providing an overview of the historical, theoretical and functional context of criminal law in the United States; its structure; its constitutional limitations; and its attendant concepts of criminal defenses, liability, complicity, and inchoate crimes. The second half (comprising the remaining five chapters), covers the “special part” of the criminal law—an overview of the most common criminal offenses arranged by type or family: criminal homicide, sex offenses and crimes involving force or fear, crimes against property, public order crimes, and crimes against the government. The sequential progression of this content is appropriate and the amount of space given to each topic is balanced for the most part though the author spends more time explaining the legal system than the traditional criminal law survey text.

Interface rating: 2

The author has included a significant number of graphic embellishments (to set off ancillary material from the body of the text) and graphic aids. Neither add much to the text and both are stylistically problematic—making too much use of unnecessary colors and graphic effects as well as contributing to a number of odd page breaks throughout the text. Some of the graphic aids are too complicated. Others employ an inappropriate graphic layout for the information being presented. For instance, on pages 46-48, the author uses three hierarchical charts to depict the nation’s tripartite system of government. What each chart actually depicts, however, is the bifurcated nature of the nation’s federal and state governments. As a result, the chart on page 47 seems to suggest that both the federal and state governments fall under a larger “executive.” Overall, the text would be better served by a more sparing use of graphic aids and embellishments. Some of the information might be better presented/summarized in a simple table format. The remaining charts would be more appealing and easier to comprehend if they were re-done in simple, black and white, line art. The graphics used to set ancillary materials (such as the “Crack the Code” exercises) should be removed and those materials set off by a pastel background (as the author has done elsewhere) or by a simple line border, and a different font.

There were a few minor errors in grammar and punctuation—no glaring problems—and overall it was quite grammatically solid.

Not applicable.

In its current form, most instructors will find that the text has too many shortcomings to be acceptable as a stand-alone survey text for an undergraduate course in criminal law; however, the text’s strengths—it’s clear, concise prose and topical comprehensiveness—make it an attractive candidate for use as a supplementary reference text.

Reviewed by Ann Su, Part-time Instructor, Portland Community College on 1/7/16

This is an excellent introductory text for undergraduates.The textbook does a good job of introducing the basic legal concepts of criminal law, but it would not be appropriate for a law school course as it does not have the depth or technical . However, there is not a table of contents, index or glossary incorporated into the body of the text. This makes it rather difficult to navigate from section to section without having to scroll up and down unnecessarily through text to find things.

The book has an accurate presentation of general information given that the book is not meant to be a treatise in law school.

Most of the content is up-to-date and will not be obsolete quickly. However, there are external links that may expire and that may require vigilance by the instructor in ensuring the currency of the link. Updates should be relatively easy as the text is written in a modular way.

The book is written in a concise way that is extremely "user friendly" with accessible prose. The jargon/technical terminology is very approachable with good examples that are concrete and relatable to an undergraduate student. The usage of visual aids and formatting techniques to emphasize different concepts further aids the reader's understanding.

The text is internally consistent in style, terminology, formatting and presentation of information.

The text is written in a modular way that would be easy to reorganize without any disruption to the reader. If left in its current form, the text would benefit from subheadings that are numbered into even more specific subsets with indentations. e.g. 1.1(a)(ii) rather than 1.1. This would aid the reader in tracking concepts/linking of concepts substantively and organizationally.

The organization, structure and flow of the material is one of the greatest strengths of the book. It has a natural sequence that is appealing and logical.

This is the most challenging aspect of the text because of the lack of the table of contexts/index and glossary, navigation is a serious issue if not read sequentially. Images and charts are often distorted and the text is not always formatted in the most readable style--the consistent spacing of text is monotonous to the eye. Varying the paragraph and sentence spacing as well as ensuring page breaks and headings are logically placed is essential and missing in the text.

The grammar is fine with no noticeable errors.

The text is culturally appropriate.

Reviewed by Matthew Kane, Adjunct Professor, University of Oklahoma on 1/12/15

The author’s work itself is very strong. The book is topically sound, covering the appropriate subjects for an introduction to criminal law. Unfortunately, there is no index or glossary (or table of contents within the text). This concern, along with other issues I have with the text, are issues that should be resolved through the editing process. Unfortunately, these two components are covered in the same evaluation - comprehensiveness - resulting in a mediocre rating when the review would be better served to have highest marks for coverage and lowest marks for index/glossary/etc.

Legal texts, by nature, are always subject to criticism/dissection of particular case analysis, etc. However, this book deals with broad concepts appropriately.

Criminal law is always evolving. However, the core concepts provided in this text have and should continue to stand the test of time. My only concern would be with the number of hyperlinks utilized throughout the book (which intentionally utilizes links over the inclusion of extensive case excerpts), as even the most “stable” of sites occasionally change resulting in an inability to easily access referenced information. If adopting the text, I would consider saving all hyperlinked materials to a location over which the professor has control, thereby ensuring students would have access for the duration of the course.

The book’s clarity is one of its strongest features. The author does an excellent job of writing in understandable language with careful discussion and explanation of key technical terms.

The book is consistent in its approach, terminology and depth of treatment of the covered topics.

The book is arranged by chapter and then section – i.e., Chapter 9 is comprised of Sections 9.1 (Homicide), 9.2 (Murder), 9.3 (First-Degree Murder), 9.4 (Felony Murder), 9.5 (Second Degree Murder), 9.6 (Manslaughter), 9.7 (End-of-Chapter Material). The logical use of such section numbers allows for shorter assignment of readings. Again, I would note that the book would benefit significantly from the inclusion of a detailed table of contents to allow the professor and/or student to more easily appreciate the organization and potential for reorganization or sub-chapter assignments.

The book provides a basic introduction of criminal law, the US legal system and its constitutional protections before delving into traditional areas of coverage in a criminal law text – general elements of and defenses to a crime and specific offenses. As discussed in the previous response, the chapters are broken down into logical sections.

The book’s interface is one of its most disappointing features. Page breaks are often in the wrong place, fonts and spacing are inconsistent and many of the charts and illustrations are fuzzy and difficult to read.

I noticed several very minor grammatical issues but overall it was very well written.

The cultural relevance is appropriate for the course.

As a result of the "star" ratings system, this review may appear to be very positive. Indeed, the author should be applauded for creating a very strong manuscript appropriate for undergraduate students (and law students seeking to supplement their understanding of criminal law issues). Unfortunately, the text, as currently available, is extremely difficult to fully utilize given the lack of table of contents, index and glossary and the obvious need for a final polish to correct page breaks, font inconsistencies, and blurry charts. A professor interested in adopting this book should anticipate devoting significant time to revising and editing for use in his or her course -- work which could ultimately be broadly disseminated pursuant to the creative commons licensing. Absent such efforts, students would immediately appreciate the difference in this open textbook and a traditional one, likely to their detriment.

Reviewed by Ronald Den Otter, Associate Professor, California Polytechnic State University on 7/15/14

For a text aimed at undergraduates, very comprehensive; it covers all of the topics in criminal law that ought to be covered. read more

For a text aimed at undergraduates, very comprehensive; it covers all of the topics in criminal law that ought to be covered.

Here and there, one could quibble with descriptions of the legal rules and concepts or w/ the description of cases but all-in-all, it's accurate.

Definitely not out-of-date. The book provides plenty of contemporary examples and refers to new cases. Of course, at some point in the future, a new edition would be appropriate.

Probably its best feature. extremely easy to follow. I also liked the flow charts.

No problems at all. In fact, good transitions from one topic to the next and the book (and each chapter) were well-organized.

Please see comment above. Again, I thought that it was easy to read. There were not large pieces of text that were hard to swallow.

I thought that the orgzanization made sense. Some topics ought to be introduced before others. The introduction did a good job of setting up the rest of the book.

No problems at all.

Extremely well-written.

Again, absolutely no problems here.

It's hard to write a textbook about any legal topic that would be appropriate for undergraduates. from my experience, most existing textbooks are either too detailed (for law students) or too simplistic (almost as if thety're written for high school students). This book strikes the right balance. It's as good as any other text on criminal law that I've encountered so far.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Law
Chapter 2: The Legal System in the United States
Chapter 3: Constitutional Protections
Chapter 4: The Elements of a Crime
Chapter 5: Criminal Defenses, Part 1
Chapter 6: Criminal Defenses, Part 2
Chapter 7: Parties to Crime
Chapter 8: Inchoate Offenses
Chapter 9: Criminal Homicide
Chapter 10: Sex Offenses and Crimes Involving Force, Fear, and Physical Restraint
Chapter 11: Crimes against Property
Chapter 12: Crimes against the Public
Chapter 13: Crimes against the Government
Chapter 14: Appendix A: Case Listings

Ancillary Material

About the book.

Criminal Law uses a two-step process to augment learning, called the applied approach. First, after building a strong foundation from scratch, Criminal Law introduces you to crimes and defenses that have been broken down into separate components. It is so much easier to memorize and comprehend the subject matter when it is simplified this way. However, becoming proficient in the law takes more than just memorization. You must be trained to take the laws you have studied and apply them to various fact patterns. Most students are expected to do this automatically, but application must be seen, experienced, and practiced before it comes naturally. Thus the second step of the applied approach is reviewing examples of the application of law to facts after dissecting and analyzing each legal concept. Some of the examples come from cases, and some are purely fictional. All the examples are memorable, even quirky, so they will stick in your mind and be available when you need them the most (like during an exam). After a few chapters, you will notice that you no longer obsess over an explanation that doesn't completely make sense the first time you read it—you will just skip to the example. The examples clarify the principles for you, lightening the workload significantly.

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1.1 Introduction

Learning objective.

Define a crime.

This textbook introduces you to our legal system in the United States, the basic elements of a crime, the specific elements of commonly encountered crimes, and most criminal defenses. Criminal law always involves the government and government action, so you will also review the pertinent sections of the United States Constitution and its principles as they apply to criminal law. By the end of the book, you will be comfortable with the legal framework that governs the careers of criminal justice professionals.

Definition of a Crime

Let’s begin at the beginning by defining a crime . The most basic definition of a crime is “an act committed in violation of a law prohibiting it, or omitted in violation of a law ordering it” (Yourdictionary.com, 2010). You learn about criminal act and omission to act in Chapter 4 “The Elements of a Crime” . For now, it is important to understand that criminal act, omission to act, and criminal intent are elements or parts of every crime. Illegality is also an element of every crime. Generally, the government must enact a criminal law specifying a crime and its elements before it can punish an individual for criminal behavior. Criminal laws are the primary focus of this book. As you slowly start to build your knowledge and understanding of criminal law, you will notice some unique characteristics of the United States’ legal system.

Laws differ significantly from state to state. Throughout the United States, each state and the federal government criminalize different behaviors. Although this plethora of laws makes American legal studies more complicated for teachers and students, the size, cultural makeup, and geographic variety of our country demand this type of legal system.

Laws in a democratic society, unlike laws of nature, are created by people and are founded in religious, cultural, and historical value systems. People from varying backgrounds live in different regions of this country. Thus you will see that different people enact distinct laws that best suit their needs. This book is intended for use in all states. However, the bulk of any criminal law overview is an examination of different crimes and their elements. To be accurate and representative, this book focuses on general principles that many states follow and provides frequent references to specific state laws for illustrative purposes. Always check the most current version of your state’s law because it may vary from the law presented in this book.

Laws are not static . As society changes, so do the laws that govern behavior. Evolving value systems naturally lead to new laws and regulations supporting modern beliefs. Although a certain stability is essential to the enforcement of rules, occasionally the rules must change.

Try to maintain an open mind when reviewing the different and often contradictory laws set forth in this book. Law is not exact, like science or math. Also try to become comfortable with the gray area, rather than viewing situations as black or white.

Key Takeaway

A crime is an act committed in violation of a law prohibiting it or omitted in violation of a law ordering it. In general, the criminal law must be enacted before the crime is committed.

Answer the following question. Check your answer using the answer key at the end of the chapter.

Read Gonzales v. Oregon , 546 U.S. 243 (2006). Did the US Supreme Court preserve Oregon’s right to legalize physician-assisted suicide? The case is available at this link: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/04-623.ZS.html .

Yourdictionary.com, “Definition of Crime,” accessed August 15, 2010, http://www.yourdictionary.com/crime .

Criminal Law Research Paper Topics

This page presents a comprehensive collection of criminal law research paper topics tailored for students studying law and tasked with writing research papers. Within this resource, readers will find an abstract overview of the content, followed by an extensive list of criminal law research paper topics divided into ten distinct categories, each containing ten topics. Additionally, an article exploring the nuances of criminal law and its range of research paper topics is provided to offer students valuable insights and inspire their academic pursuits. Furthermore, readers will discover valuable guidance on how to choose appropriate criminal law research paper topics, with ten practical tips to ensure a compelling and relevant focus for their research. Moreover, the page outlines the essential elements for effectively writing a criminal law research paper and provides ten useful tips to aid students throughout the writing process. The subsequent section introduces iResearchNet’s custom writing services, offering expert assistance for students seeking to order a custom criminal law research paper on any subject.

100 Criminal Law Research Paper Topics

Criminal law is a multifaceted field that delves into various aspects of society, from the fundamental principles of justice to the intricacies of criminal proceedings. To aid law students in their research endeavors, we present a comprehensive list of criminal law research paper topics, thoughtfully organized into ten distinct categories, each encompassing ten topics. This diverse collection covers a wide spectrum of criminal law subjects, allowing students to explore different dimensions and hone their expertise in specific areas.

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Criminal Law Fundamentals

The Concept of Criminal Liability: A Comparative Analysis
The Evolution of Criminal Law: From Ancient Codes to Modern Statutes
Criminal Intent and Actus Reus: Evaluating the Elements of a Crime
The Role of Mens Rea in Criminal Law: Intent vs. Recklessness
Causation in Criminal Law: Establishing a Link between Action and Consequence
Criminal Defenses: Justifications, Excuses, and Necessity
The Principle of Double Jeopardy: Protection against Multiple Prosecutions
The Presumption of Innocence: Ensuring Fair Trials and Due Process
Criminal Sanctions: An Analysis of Punishment and Deterrence
Criminal Responsibility of Legal Entities: Corporate Liability in Criminal Law

Types of Crimes

Homicide Offenses: Murder, Manslaughter, and Their Degrees
Robbery and Burglary: Assessing Theft Crimes and Their Variations
Assault and Battery: Differentiating Between Physical and Verbal Assault
Fraud and White-Collar Crimes: Examining Financial Deception in Business
Drug Offenses: Analyzing Drug Trafficking, Possession, and Legalization
Cybercrimes: The Rise of Digital Offenses and Cybersecurity Challenges
Hate Crimes and Discrimination: Addressing Bias-Motivated Offenses
Human Trafficking: Unraveling the Complexities of Modern-Day Slavery
Environmental Crimes: Criminal Liability for Ecological Violations
Organized Crime: Studying Criminal Syndicates and Their Impact on Society

Criminal Justice System Reforms

Bail Reform: Rethinking Pretrial Detention and Bail Practices
Mandatory Minimum Sentences: Evaluating the Controversial Sentencing Approach
Alternatives to Incarceration: Assessing Probation, Parole, and Community Service
Restorative Justice: Balancing Punishment and Rehabilitation
Wrongful Convictions: Analyzing Causes and Remedies for Miscarriages of Justice
Mental Health and Criminal Justice: Diversion Programs and Treatment Courts
Racial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System: Challenges and Solutions
Police Accountability and Use of Force: Balancing Law Enforcement Powers
Drug Decriminalization: Exploring the Effects of Drug Policy Reforms
Technology and Criminal Justice: Examining the Use of AI, Surveillance, and Body Cameras

International Criminal Law

The Principle of Universal Jurisdiction: Prosecuting International Crimes
War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity: The Role of International Tribunals
The International Criminal Court: Challenges and Achievements
Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Addressing Mass Atrocities in International Law
Terrorism and International Law: Defining and Combating Transnational Threats
Extraterritorial Application of Criminal Law: Crossing Borders in Criminal Prosecutions
Immunity and State Responsibility: Navigating Legal Implications for States and Leaders
International Extradition: Procedures and Challenges in Transferring Offenders
Transnational Organized Crime: Networks, Prosecutions, and Challenges
The Impact of Human Rights Law on International Criminal Justice

Technology’s Impact on Criminal Law

Digital Evidence and E-Discovery: Challenges in Handling Technological Data
Cybercrimes and Cybersecurity: Analyzing Legal Responses to Digital Offenses
Online Privacy and Surveillance: Balancing National Security and Individual Rights
The Role of Social Media in Criminal Investigations: Admissibility and Authentication
Internet Freedom and Censorship: Addressing Legal and Ethical Dilemmas
Cryptocurrencies and Criminal Law: Unraveling the Legal Landscape of Virtual Currency
AI and Criminal Justice: The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Law Enforcement
Digital Copyright Infringement: Legal Perspectives on Piracy and Intellectual Property
Online Defamation and Hate Speech: Exploring Legal Liability in the Digital Sphere
The Right to be Forgotten: Balancing Privacy and Freedom of Information Online

Juvenile Justice and Youth Offenders

Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Programs: Assessing Effectiveness and Challenges
The Evolution of Juvenile Courts: From Parens Patriae to Due Process
Juvenile Waiver to Adult Court: Determining Transfer Criteria and Implications
Restorative Justice for Juveniles: Building Accountability and Empathy
Juvenile Gangs and Crime: Understanding the Root Causes and Solutions
Youth Mental Health and Criminal Behavior: Intervention and Rehabilitation
Educational Rights of Juvenile Offenders: Ensuring Access to Quality Education
Juvenile Detention Centers: Reforms and Alternatives for Incarcerated Youth
The Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Juvenile Crime Rates
The Role of Family in Juvenile Delinquency: Family Structure and Influence on Behavior

Criminal Sentencing and Punishment

Sentencing Guidelines: Balancing Judicial Discretion and Consistency
The Death Penalty: Ethical, Legal, and Practical Perspectives
Life Imprisonment: Examining Long-Term Incarceration and Parole Eligibility
Capital Punishment and Innocence: Addressing Wrongful Executions
Mandatory Sentences for Nonviolent Offenders: Assessing Efficacy and Fairness
Alternatives to Incarceration: Diversion Programs and Community-Based Sentencing
Sentencing Disparities: The Impact of Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status
Rehabilitation Programs in Prisons: Assessing Effectiveness and Recidivism Rates
The Role of Victim Impact Statements in Sentencing: Balancing Justice and Empathy
Restorative Justice Sentencing: Building Community Engagement and Healing

Criminal Procedure and Evidence

The Fourth Amendment: Search and Seizure Laws in Criminal Investigations
Exclusionary Rule: Analyzing the Consequences of Illegally Obtained Evidence
Eyewitness Testimony: Reliability, Identification, and Challenges in Court
Confessions and Interrogations: The Admissibility of Self-Incriminating Statements
Expert Witnesses: Their Role and Admissibility in Criminal Trials
Hearsay Rule: Evaluating Exceptions and Limitations in the Admission of Statements
DNA Evidence in Criminal Proceedings: Advancements and Challenges
Criminal Procedure in the Digital Age: Electronic Surveillance and Privacy Concerns
Plea Bargaining: Weighing Benefits and Concerns for the Accused and the Justice System
Criminal Appeals: The Process and Grounds for Challenging Convictions

Criminal Law and Ethics

Ethical Dilemmas in Criminal Defense: Balancing Advocacy and Conscience
Prosecutor’s Ethics: Obligations and Conflicts of Interest in Pursuit of Justice
The Role of Ethics in Law Enforcement: Upholding Integrity and Accountability
Criminal Law and Mental Health Ethics: The Treatment of Mentally Ill Offenders
The Ethical Implications of Capital Punishment: A Moral and Legal Debate
Whistleblowers and Criminal Law: Legal Protections and Social Impact
Corporate Crime and Ethical Responsibilities: Balancing Business Interests and Accountability
The Ethics of Plea Bargaining: Ensuring Fairness and Transparency
Legal Ethics in the Digital Age: Navigating Online Communication and Social Media
The Role of Ethics in Criminal Sentencing: Weighing Punishment and Rehabilitation

Comparative Criminal Law

Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: Analyzing Different Legal Approaches
Criminal Law in Civil Law Countries: Contrasting Inquisitorial and Adversarial Systems
Common Law vs. Civil Law Traditions: Divergent Approaches to Criminal Law
Criminal Law in Sharia Jurisdictions: Exploring Islamic Legal Principles and Punishments
The Influence of International Law on National Criminal Justice Systems
Legal Traditions in Colonial and Post-Colonial Countries: Impact on Criminal Law
Criminal Law Reforms in Transitional Democracies: Challenges and Progress
Indigenous Legal Systems and Criminal Justice: Preserving Culture and Rights
Comparative Corporate Criminal Liability: Aligning Business Practices Globally
Criminal Law and Human Rights: Balancing Sovereignty and International Obligations

This comprehensive list of criminal law research paper topics provides an extensive and diverse range of subjects for law students to explore and investigate. From foundational principles to contemporary issues, the field of criminal law offers numerous avenues for in-depth research and analysis. As students embark on their research endeavors, they can delve into various categories, each presenting unique challenges and opportunities to contribute to the advancement of criminal law scholarship. Whether one’s interest lies in criminal justice reform, international law, ethical dilemmas, or comparative legal systems, this list aims to inspire students in their pursuit of knowledge and excellence in the realm of criminal law research.

Criminal Law: Exploring the Range of Research Paper Topics

Criminal law is a dynamic and complex field that plays a pivotal role in maintaining societal order and upholding justice. As an integral part of the legal system, criminal law governs how individuals who violate the law are investigated, prosecuted, and punished. It encompasses a vast array of topics, each offering unique opportunities for research and analysis. This section aims to explore the diverse range of research paper topics within criminal law, providing students with insights into the multifaceted nature of this discipline and inspiring them to embark on meaningful and impactful research endeavors.

The Evolution of Criminal Law: From Ancient Codes to Modern Systems

A captivating topic within criminal law research is the historical development of legal codes and systems throughout civilizations. Researchers can delve into ancient codes, such as Hammurabi’s Code in Mesopotamia or the Twelve Tables in ancient Rome, and explore how they shaped the foundations of contemporary criminal law. Comparing historical legal principles with modern criminal justice systems can shed light on the evolution of societal norms and the progression of legal thought.

Criminal Responsibility: From Mens Rea to Strict Liability

Understanding the concept of criminal responsibility is fundamental in criminal law. Researchers can delve into the various mental states that form the basis of criminal liability, ranging from intent (mens rea) to negligence and even strict liability. Analyzing landmark cases and legislative changes can provide insights into how the legal system navigates the complexities of holding individuals accountable for their actions.

Criminal Law and Technology: Addressing Challenges and Opportunities

In the digital age, technological advancements present new challenges and opportunities for criminal law. Topics in this area could explore the implications of cybercrime, the use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement, or the legal considerations surrounding digital evidence. Researchers may also delve into the ethics of surveillance technologies and their impact on privacy rights.

Criminal Law and the Constitution: Analyzing Constitutional Protections

The interaction between criminal law and constitutional protections is an intriguing area of research. Researchers can explore how the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments of the United States Constitution, for instance, safeguard individuals’ rights during criminal investigations and trials. Comparing constitutional protections in different jurisdictions can also provide valuable insights into the balance between law enforcement powers and individual liberties.

Criminal Sentencing: Balancing Punishment and Rehabilitation

Sentencing is a critical aspect of criminal law, where the court determines the appropriate punishment for offenders. Research topics in this area could delve into the principles of proportionality, rehabilitation, and deterrence. Analyzing sentencing guidelines and exploring alternatives to incarceration, such as restorative justice programs, can offer valuable insights into the goals and challenges of criminal sentencing.

White-Collar Crime: Investigating Corporate Misconduct

White-collar crime, involving non-violent offenses committed by individuals in business and government, presents unique challenges in the criminal justice system. Research topics in this area could explore the complexities of prosecuting corporate executives, the effectiveness of regulatory measures, and the impact of white-collar crime on society and the economy.

Juvenile Justice: Balancing Rehabilitation and Accountability

The juvenile justice system focuses on rehabilitating young offenders rather than imposing harsh punishments. Research in this area could examine the history and development of juvenile justice, the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs, and the ethical considerations surrounding the treatment of juvenile offenders.

International Criminal Law: Seeking Accountability for Atrocity Crimes

International criminal law aims to hold individuals accountable for the most serious crimes, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Research topics in this area could explore the evolution of international criminal tribunals, the challenges of prosecuting individuals in absentia, and the impact of international criminal law on promoting global justice and accountability.

Criminal Law and Mental Health: Addressing the Insanity Defense

The insanity defense is a contentious and complex topic in criminal law. Researchers can explore the historical development of the insanity defense, its application in high-profile cases, and the ethical considerations surrounding mental health assessments in criminal proceedings.

Criminal Law and Law Enforcement: Examining Police Practices

The relationship between criminal law and law enforcement is critical in ensuring the fair and just administration of justice. Research topics in this area could investigate issues of police misconduct, the use of force by law enforcement, and the impact of body-worn cameras on accountability and transparency.

Criminal law encompasses a wide range of topics, each offering unique insights into the complexities of the legal system and its impact on society. From historical developments to contemporary challenges, researchers in this field have the opportunity to contribute to the advancement of criminal justice, legal reform, and the protection of individual rights. By exploring the diverse range of research paper topics within criminal law, students can gain a deeper understanding of this dynamic discipline and engage in meaningful research that addresses pressing issues in the pursuit of justice and the rule of law.

How to Choose Criminal Law Research Paper Topics

Selecting an appropriate research paper topic is a crucial first step in the journey of conducting meaningful and impactful research in the field of criminal law. With the vast array of issues and complexities within criminal law, it can be challenging for students to identify a topic that is both engaging and academically relevant. This section provides valuable insights and practical tips to help students navigate the process of choosing criminal law research paper topics that align with their interests, academic goals, and the ever-evolving legal landscape.

Identify Your Interests and Passion : Passion and genuine interest in a subject can significantly impact the quality and motivation behind your research. Take some time to reflect on your personal interests within criminal law. Are you drawn to topics related to white-collar crime, human rights, or criminal sentencing? Identifying your passions will make the research process more enjoyable and increase the likelihood of producing a compelling paper.
Stay Updated on Current Legal Issues : Criminal law is a dynamic field influenced by ongoing legal developments and societal changes. Stay updated on recent court decisions, legislative reforms, and emerging legal issues. Reading legal journals, attending seminars, and following reputable legal news outlets will provide you with insights into the latest debates and controversies within criminal law, inspiring potential research paper topics.
Consult with Professors and Peers : Reach out to your professors, academic advisors, or fellow students to discuss potential research paper topics. They may offer valuable suggestions, recommend relevant literature, or share their experiences in tackling similar research inquiries. Collaborating with peers can also provide a supportive environment for brainstorming and refining research ideas.
Consider Timeliness and Relevance : Choosing a topic that is timely and relevant is essential for making an impact with your research. Consider current societal concerns, legal reforms, or high-profile criminal cases that have generated public interest. Addressing contemporary issues will not only enhance the significance of your research but also contribute to ongoing legal discussions.
Narrow Down Broad Topics : Criminal law covers a wide range of subjects, such as criminal procedure, substantive criminal law, criminology, and more. While broad topics can be intriguing, they may lack the depth required for a comprehensive research paper. Narrow down your focus by selecting a specific aspect or area within criminal law. For instance, instead of exploring “Criminal Sentencing,” you could delve into “The Impact of Restorative Justice Programs on Criminal Sentencing Outcomes.”
Analyze Available Resources : Ensure that sufficient resources, such as academic articles, books, and case law, are available on your chosen topic. Conduct a preliminary literature review to ascertain the availability of credible sources that will support your research and analysis. Access to relevant resources is crucial for building a strong and well-supported argument.
Assess the Feasibility of Research : Before finalizing your research topic, consider the feasibility of conducting the research within your available time and resources. Complex topics may require extensive research and data collection, while more straightforward topics may lack depth. Strike a balance between ambitious research goals and practicality.
Brainstorm Research Questions : Formulate specific research questions that will guide your investigation and analysis. Well-crafted research questions will direct your research efforts and provide a clear focus for your paper. Consider the legal implications, ethical considerations, and potential policy implications of your research questions.
Consider a Comparative Approach : Comparative research allows you to analyze criminal law issues across different jurisdictions or legal systems. A comparative approach can offer valuable insights into the effectiveness of certain legal practices and identify potential areas for legal reform.
Seek Inspiration from Legal Literature : Review published legal literature and academic papers to gain inspiration for your research paper topics. Analyze the approaches taken by other researchers, identify gaps in existing literature, and explore areas where your contribution can make a significant impact.

Choosing a criminal law research paper topic is an exciting yet challenging endeavor. By identifying your interests, staying updated on current legal issues, and seeking inspiration from legal literature, you can select a topic that is intellectually stimulating and academically rewarding. Careful consideration of timeliness, relevance, and feasibility will ensure that your research contributes meaningfully to the field of criminal law and addresses pertinent legal challenges. Embrace the opportunity to explore diverse aspects of criminal law, and embark on a journey that not only expands your legal knowledge but also shapes the future of criminal justice.

How to Write a Criminal Law Research Paper

Writing a criminal law research paper requires a systematic and disciplined approach to effectively address complex legal issues and present well-structured arguments. This section provides valuable guidance on the various stages of writing a criminal law research paper, from formulating a strong thesis statement to presenting a coherent and compelling conclusion. Following these essential steps will help you create a well-researched and impactful paper that showcases your understanding of criminal law and its intricacies.

Understand the Assignment Requirements : Before delving into the research and writing process, thoroughly review the assignment guidelines provided by your instructor. Pay close attention to the scope, formatting style, word count, and any specific requirements for citations and references. Understanding the assignment parameters will help you stay focused and ensure that your research paper meets the necessary criteria.
Conduct In-Depth Research : Criminal law research papers demand thorough research to support your arguments and analysis. Utilize various resources, including academic journals, law reviews, books, and reputable online databases. Take detailed notes and organize your research to streamline the writing process. Keep track of the sources you use to facilitate proper citation and to avoid unintentional plagiarism.
Develop a Strong Thesis Statement : A well-crafted thesis statement is the foundation of your research paper. It should be concise, specific, and clearly state the main argument you intend to make. Your thesis should guide the entire paper and provide a roadmap for your readers to understand the scope and purpose of your research.
Outline Your Paper : Creating an outline is a critical step in organizing your ideas and arguments. Divide your research paper into distinct sections, such as introduction, literature review, methodology (if applicable), main body, analysis, and conclusion. Each section should have a clear purpose and flow logically from one to the next.
Craft a Compelling Introduction : The introduction sets the tone for your research paper and should capture the reader’s attention. Begin with a hook or engaging statement to pique interest. Provide essential background information on the topic and its significance. End the introduction with a clear and concise thesis statement that outlines your main argument.
Conduct a Thorough Literature Review : Incorporate a comprehensive literature review that showcases your understanding of existing research on the chosen topic. Analyze and critically evaluate the key findings of relevant studies, highlighting any gaps or areas where your research adds value. A well-structured literature review strengthens the credibility of your research and demonstrates your knowledge of the subject matter.
Organize Your Main Body : Divide the main body of your research paper into subsections, each focusing on a specific aspect of your argument. Present evidence and examples to support your points, and use logical transitions to ensure a smooth flow between paragraphs. Avoid presenting irrelevant information that can distract readers from your central thesis.
Analyze and Interpret Legal Principles : In the context of criminal law research, your analysis plays a pivotal role in establishing the coherence and persuasiveness of your argument. Analyze relevant legal principles, statutes, and case law to support your thesis. Consider counterarguments and address them effectively to strengthen your position.
Use Clear and Precise Language : Criminal law research papers demand clarity and precision in language. Avoid excessive jargon and ensure that your writing is accessible to readers from various backgrounds. Clearly define any technical terms or concepts that may be unfamiliar to your audience.
Craft a Convincing Conclusion : In the conclusion, restate your thesis and summarize the key points of your research paper. Avoid introducing new information at this stage. Instead, emphasize the significance of your findings and suggest potential avenues for future research. Leave readers with a lasting impression of your work and its relevance to the field of criminal law.

Writing a criminal law research paper requires dedication, meticulous research, and thoughtful analysis. By following these essential steps, you can produce a well-structured and persuasive paper that contributes meaningfully to the understanding of criminal law issues. Remember to adhere to proper citation guidelines, proofread your work carefully, and seek feedback from peers or professors to refine your research paper further. Embrace the opportunity to explore and analyze criminal law topics, and let your passion for justice shine through your research and writing.

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Custom Written Works : At iResearchNet, we believe in providing tailored solutions for every client. Our writers start each research paper from scratch, adhering to your specific requirements and academic guidelines. This guarantees a unique and original paper that meets your expectations and reflects your personal style.
In-Depth Research : Thorough research is essential in crafting a compelling criminal law research paper. Our writers delve into a wide range of reputable sources, including legal databases, academic journals, and official legal documents, to ensure your paper is well-grounded in authoritative and current information.
Custom Formatting : Proper formatting is crucial in academic writing, especially in the legal field. Our writers are well-versed in various formatting styles, such as APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, and Harvard, ensuring that your criminal law research paper adheres to the specific style mandated by your institution.
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LAW OF CRIMES (INDIAN PENAL CODE) - renaissancelawcollege.com
LAW OF CRIMES (INDIAN PENAL CODE) 1. CONCEPT OF CRIME CRIME denotes an unlawful act punishable by a state. The term "crime" does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes.
Introduction to Criminal Law - Open Textbook Library
The book provides a basic introduction of criminal law, the US legal system and its constitutional protections before delving into traditional areas of coverage in a criminal law text – general elements of and defenses to a crime and specific offenses.
LLB Paper Code: 207 Subject: Law of Crimes – I Semester ...
Criminal law is a body of rules and statutes that defines conduct prohibited by the state because it threatens and harms public safety and welfare and that establishes punishment to be imposed for the commission of such acts.
1.1 Introduction – Criminal Law - Open Textbook Library
This textbook introduces you to our legal system in the United States, the basic elements of a crime, the specific elements of commonly encountered crimes, and most criminal defenses. Criminal law always involves the government and government action, so you will also review the pertinent sections of the United States Constitution and its ...
Criminal Law Research Paper Topics - iResearchNet
This comprehensive list of criminal law research paper topics provides an extensive and diverse range of subjects for law students to explore and investigate. From foundational principles to contemporary issues, the field of criminal law offers numerous avenues for in-depth research and analysis.
Sample Undergraduate 1st Criminal Law Assignment - LawTeacher.net
An Undergraduate 1st Criminal Law Assignment on the subject of criminal responsibility, the lowest age at which a person may be criminally liable.
Readings and Homework Assignments for Criminal Law
Readings and Homework Assignments for Criminal Law Note: Readings from Dressler’s Criminal Law text are indicated by “casebook” and readings from the photocopied materials are indicated by “photocopies.” The Texas Penal Code (TPC) is included in the photocopied materials as well. The Model Penal
First Assignment - University of Baltimore School of Law
1. What distinguishes criminal law from civil law? A. Criminal laws are valid and binding upon all those who fall within their terms, whereas civil law is only valid and binding on the parties to an agreement. B. Criminal law encompasses injuries to society which society is interested in preventing. C. Criminal laws are enforced by public ...
Principles of Criminal Law - Pearson
The study of substantive criminal law is a study of human behavior. It is more than a study of specific crimes; it is also an examination of the rules of human behavior and criminal responsibility. Criminal law is based on moral values, and many of our crimes are also vio-lations of our moral standards.
Assignment Law of Crimes Ii | Download Free PDF | Police | Bail
The document provides instructions for an assignment on the Law of Crimes-II. It includes 17 questions in Part A that students must answer regarding the powers of civil judges, magistrates, public prosecutors, police officers, and other judicial authorities.