brief essay on lachit borphukan

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Lachit Borphukan Essay in English - 100, 200, 500 words

Lachit Borphukan (1622-1672) was a military commander from the Ahom kingdom, which was located in present-day Assam in northeastern India. He is remembered for his leadership during the Battle of Saraighat in 1671, which was fought against the Mughal Empire led by Mir Jumla II. Here are some sample essays on Lachit Borphukan.

100 Words Essay On Lachit Borphukan

200 words essay on lachit borphukan, 500 words essay on lachit borphukan, legacy of lachit borphukan, lachit borphukan gold medal.

The monarch Chakradhwaj Singha named Lachit Borphukan as the supreme commander of the Ahom army. Lachit Borphukan oversaw the defence of the Ahom kingdom against the Mughal army headed by Mir Jumla II. He successfully resisted the Mughals' attempts to cross the Brahmaputra River and enter Ahom land.

As it was one of the rare times a regional authority successfully defended against the Mughal Empire, the Battle of Saraighat is regarded as a key event in Indian history. Lachit Borphukan is regarded as a hero in Assam and his leadership and tactics are still revered today. In Assam, his accomplishments are honoured annually as the Lachit Divas.

Lachit Borphukan made several significant contributions to the history of Assam and India, particularly during his leadership as the commander-in-chief of the Ahom army.

Contributions of Lachit Borphukan

Here are some of his notable contributions:

Defence against Mughal invasion | Lachit Borphukan is best known for his successful defence against the Mughal Empire during the Battle of Saraighat in 1671. He led the Ahom army and prevented the Mughals from advancing further into Ahom territory, which is considered a significant event in Indian history.

Military reforms | Lachit Borphukan is also credited with introducing several military reforms in the Ahom army, such as improving the training and equipment of soldiers, increasing the number of cavalry units, and strengthening fortifications.

Naval force | Lachit Borphukan is believed to have played a significant role in the development of the Ahom navy, which proved to be crucial during the Battle of Saraighat.

Infrastructure development | Lachit Borphukan also contributed to the construction of several infrastructure projects in the region, such as the construction of a bridge over the Brahmaputra river and the fortification of various strategic locations.

Cultural contributions | Lachit Borphukan is also remembered for his contributions to Assamese culture, particularly his patronage of the traditional art forms, literature, and music.

Overall, Lachit Borphukan's contributions as a military commander and leader continue to inspire and influence people in Assam and India.

Lachit Borphukan is remembered as a hero and an icon of bravery and patriotism.

In the Ahom kingdom, which is now Assam in northeastern India, Lachit Borphukan was born in 1622. He was the son of Momai Tamuli Borbarua, an Ahom army leader, and came from a distinguished family. Lachit Borphukan got in-depth military instruction as well as practical training in classic disciplines like literature and history.

King Chakradhwaj Singha named Lachit Borphukan the supreme commander of the Ahom army in 1667. He commanded numerous successful battles against various tribal groups who were generating trouble in the area and instituted a number of military reforms. His greatest accomplishment, nevertheless, occurred in 1671 in the Battle of Saraighat, when he triumphantly defended the Brahmaputra river from the Mughal Empire under the command of Mir Jumla II.

During the battle, Lachit Borphukan's leadership and strategic thinking were crucial in defeating the much larger Mughal army. He utilised guerrilla warfare tactics and naval forces to disrupt the Mughal advances and ultimately force them to retreat.

Lachit Borphukan became ill after mounting a strong defence against the Mughals, and he died in 1672. He was given the honorific title "Lachit Divas" after his passing, and Assamese and Indians are still motivated by his reputation as a valiant fighter and military tactician.

Lachit Borphukan is recognised as a hero and an icon of bravery and patriotism, and his life and accomplishments play a significant role in Assamese and Indian history.

Lachit Borphukan's reputation is still honoured throughout Assam and India as a testament to bravery, loyalty, and leadership. His legacy has been honoured and recognised in a number of ways, some of which are included below:

Lachit Divas | In Assam, November 24 is observed as "Lachit Divas," a celebration of Lachit Borphukan's history. The day is observed as a public holiday throughout the state, and a number of cultural activities are planned to honour his efforts.

Monuments and memorials | Several monuments and memorials have been erected in memory of Lachit Borphukan, including a statue at the Brahmaputra river in Guwahati and a memorial in the Lachit Maidam area of Jorhat.

Military inspiration | Lachit Borphukan's leadership and military tactics continue to inspire the Indian armed forces. He is particularly revered by the Indian Army's Assam Regiment, which is known for its bravery and valor in battle.

Cultural impact | Lachit Borphukan's contributions to Assamese culture, particularly his patronage of traditional art forms, literature, and music, continue to inspire and influence artists and musicians in the region.

National recognition | The Indian government said in 2021 that Lachit Borphukan's image will be on view with other national heroes in the main chamber of the Indian Parliament.

Lachit Borphukan's reputation as a valiant warrior, military tactician, and cultural patron continues to inspire and have an impact on people in Assam and India, and his contributions to Indian history are highly recognised and honoured.

The Lachit Borphukan Gold Medal is an award given by the government of Assam to honour exceptional accomplishments in a number of disciplines, including literature, art, science, and athletics. The honour bears the name of Lachit Borphukan, a hero in Assamese history and the head of the Ahom army in the 17th century.

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Lachit Borphukan

Lachit Borphukan was a general of the Ahom Kingdom whose army he led successfully in resisting the imperial expansion of the Mughal Empire in the late 1600s. 

To this day he is remembered for his bravery and leadership in the face insurmountable odds.

This article will give details about Lachit Borphukan within the context of the Civil Services Examination .

Background of Lachit Borphukan

Lachit Borphukan was born on 24 November 1622 to Momai Tamuli Borbarua and Kunti Moran. His father was the commander-in-chief of the Ahom army. The Ahom kingdom was located in the Brahmaputra valley of eastern India. It was first established in 1228. The kingdom was repeatedly assailed upon by Turkic and Afghan rulers of the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire

The Mughal-Ahom conflict first began in 1615 and continued afterwards. It was in this backdrop  Lachit grew up in. Upon completing his education in humanities and military strategies, Lachit was given the responsibility of serving as the Soladhara Barua (scarf-bearer) a modern-day equivalent of a private secretary to the Ahom King. He held other important positions such as Superintendent of the Stable of Royal Horses and Superintendent of the Royal Household guards before being appointed as the commander of the Ahom Army.

By the time of Lachit Borphukan’s appointment as commander, the Mughals had occupied Guwahati and had forced the Ahom’s to sign the humiliating peace treaty of  Treaty of Ghilajharighat in 1663 which imposed harsh conditions on the Ahom kingdom. King  Chakradhwaj Singha resolved to rid the entire region from Mughal occupation, a will that would be carried out by Lachit Borphukan.

Battle of Saraighat

Lachit raised the army and preparations were completed by summer of 1667. His army successfully retook Guwahati from the Mughal forces. Emperor Aurangzeb (born on November 3, 1618 ) after being informed of the defeat at Guwahati sent an expeditionary force from Dhaka under Ram Singh. Due to the numerical and technological inferiority of the Ahom forces, Lachit resorted to guerilla tactics which successfully withered away from the Mughal army.

Knowing fully well that Ahom forces would easily be defeated if their commander was removed, Ram Singh resorted to subterfuge. An arrow carrying a letter by Ram Sing was fired into the Ahom Camp. It later reached Chakradhwaj Singha. The letter stated that Lachit had been paid 1 lakh rupees to evacuated Guwahati. Furious that his commander was allegedly in negotiations with the enemy, the king started doubting his sincerity, but his prime minister Atan Buragohain convinced him that this was a trick by the Mughals to make Chakradwaj Singh dismiss the commander who successfully fought the Mughals so far.

Having exhausted all avenues Ram Singh made his way to Guhawati with a naval flotilla sailing upwards of the Brahmaputra river in 1671. He came upon an Ahom flotilla led by Lachit Borphukan himself near Saraighat. Once again outnumbered and outgunned in open space, the Ahom soldiers began to lose their will to fight. Some elements began to retreat and seeing this Lachit boarded a boat himself to rally his troops. Offered to be taken to safety by one of his troops, Lachit furiously threw some of them into the water bodily despite being severely ill, loudly proclaiming that he would “die fulfilling his duty to his king and country, even if it meant he had to do it by himself”. Inspired, Lachit’s soldiers rallied and a desperate battle ensured on the river Brahmaputra.

Read more about the Battle of Saraighat, 1671 in the linked article.

Lachit Borphukan was victorious. The Mughals were forced to retreat from Guwahati. The Mughals were pursued to the Manas river, the Ahom kingdom’s western boundary. The Borphukan instructed his men not to attack the retreating army. 

Lachit Borphukan would die in 1672. His remains lie in rest at the Lachit Maidaam constructed in the same year by King Udayaditya Singha at Hoolungapara 16 km from Jorhat.

This would not be the end of Mughal incursions into Ahom territory as the Mughals would take Guwahati in 1679, retaining it until 1682 when the Ahoms would permanently end the prolonged Ahom-Mughal conflict.

Legacy of Lachit Borphukan

On 24 November each year, Lachit Divas is celebrated statewide in Assam to commemorate the heroism of Lachit Borphukan and the victory of the Assamese army at the Battle of Saraighat.

Lachit Divas is celebrated to promote the ideals of Lachit Borphukan – the legendary general of Assam’s history.

The best cadet from the National Defence Academy is awarded the Lachit Borphukan gold medal. It was first instituted in 1999 following an announcement by General VP Malik saying the medal would inspire defence personnel to emulate Barphukan’s heroism and sacrifices.

Lachit Borphukan – UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

Frequently Asked Questions about Lachit Borphukan

What is lachit borphukan known for, how did lachit borphukan win the battle of saraighat.

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Lachit Borphukan Essay in English [100, 150, 200 Words]

Lachit Borphukan Essay in English: In this article you are going to learn how to write an essay on Lachit Borphukan in English. We’ve provided the essay on Lachit Borphukan in 100, 150 and 200 words. This essay will be helpful for students of all classes. So, lets begin.

Table of Contents

Lachit Borphukan Essay in English 100 Words

Lachit Borphukan was the greatest commander of the Ahom Kingdom. He was born into a noble Ahom family on 24th November in the year 1622. His father Momai Tamuli Borbarua was the commander-in-chief of the Ahom Kingdom. From an early age, he displayed exceptional skills in military tactics and administration.

He is known for his victory against the mighty Mughals in the battle of Saraighat in 1671. The Ahom victory in the battle was a major turning point in the history of Assam. To commemorate his heroism, November 24 is celebrated as Lachit Divas in the state of Assam. His legacy is an inspiration to the people of Assam and India, even today.

Also Read: Essay on Subhash Chandra Bose

Lachit Borphukan Essay in English 150 Words

Lachit Borphukan was a legendary commander of the Ahom Kingdom in Assam, during the 17th century. He was born to Momai Tamuli Borbarua and Kunti Moran on 24 November 1622.

He showed great promise as a warrior from an early age. In 1667, he was appointed as the supreme commander of the Ahom army. In 1671, he fought the decisive Battle of Saraighat against the Mughals who launched an attack on the Ahom kingdom. His military tactics and leadership skills lead the Ahom army to victory against the much larger Mughal army.

Lachit’s legacy goes beyond just military tactics as he was also known for his honesty, integrity, and loyalty towards his people. He died soon in 1672 after the Battle of Saraighat due to natural causes. Every year Lachit Divas is celebrated on November 24th in honour of this great warrior. He is remembered as a symbol of pride, courage and patriotism.

Lachit Borphukan Essay in English 200 Words

Lachit Borphukan was a great warrior and hero of the Ahom Empire. He was born on November 24, 1622, at Charaideo in Assam. He was the youngest child of the Momai Tamuli Borbarua, the commander-in-chief of the Ahom forces. His mother’s name was Kunti Mohan.

He was born to a royal family and received military training from an early age. Due to his skills, he was quickly promoted through the ranks of the Ahom army. The Mughal Empire under the leadership of Aurangzeb launched an attack on the Ahom kingdom in 1671. The Ahom king, Chakradhwaj Singha, appointed Lachit Borphukan as the commander-in-chief of the army to defend their homeland.

He led the Ahom army and fought fiercely against the Mughals in the Battle of Saraighat on the Brahmaputra River. He had a small army but he managed to train them very well. Lachit’s strategy and leadership skills were remarkable during this battle. The Battle of Saraighat is considered one of the greatest battles fought on Indian soil.

The great warrior died in 1672 due to illness. Lachit Divas is celebrated every year on 24th November to commemorate his birthday. He is remembered by all Indians for his selflessness and dedication towards his people.

Also Read: Essay on Mahatma Gandhi

FAQs on Lachit Borphukan

Lachit Borphukan was a great general of the Ahom Kingdom in Assam. He is well known for his victory over the forces of Mughal empire in the Battle of Saraighat (1671).

Lachit Borphukan played a major role in the defense of the Ahom kingdom from invasion of the Mughal empire. Under his command, the Ahom army was able to defeat the much larger Mughal army in the battle of Saraighat in 1671.

The Battle of Saraighat was fought in 1671 between the Ahom kingdom led by Lachit Borphukan and the Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb. Lachit’s warfare skills and leadership helped him to inflict a decisive defeat on the Mughals.

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Short Essay: Lachit Borphukan

Writing a short essay on Lachit Borphukan, a celebrated hero in the history of Assam, India, involves highlighting his military achievements, particularly his role in the Battle of Saraighat that thwarted the Mughal advance into Assam in 1671. To craft a coherent and engaging essay, you should explore his leadership qualities, strategic acumen, and his enduring legacy as a symbol of resistance and patriotism.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Begin your essay with a captivating introduction that sets the stage for the heroic deeds of Lachit Borphukan. You could open with a dramatic description of the Battle of Saraighat or a powerful quote by or about Lachit Borphukan that exemplifies his character and leadership. Briefly introduce him as the commander of the Ahom army and outline the context in which he emerged as a key figure in Assam’s resistance against Mughal expansion. Conclude the introduction with a thesis statement that outlines the focus of your essay, which might include his military strategies, leadership during the battle, and his lasting impact on Assamese culture.

Early Life and Rise to Prominence

In the first body paragraph, detail Lachit Borphukan’s early life and career. Born into a noble family in the early 17th century in Assam, Lachit was trained in various aspects of administration and warfare, which prepared him for future leadership. Discuss his initial roles within the Ahom kingdom, emphasizing how his upbringing and early career shaped his capabilities as a military leader. This background provides a foundation for understanding his later successes.

The Battle of Saraighat

The second body paragraph should focus on the pivotal moment of Lachit Borphukan’s life: the Battle of Saraighat. Describe the strategic significance of this battle where Lachit led the Ahom army against a much larger Mughal force. Highlight his tactical genius in utilizing the terrain and riverine advantages of the Brahmaputra River. You might include a recounting of his famous directive, which exemplifies his commitment and valor: “If you want to flee, flee. The king has given me a task here and I will do it well. Let the Mughals take me away. You report to the king that his general fought well following his orders.”

Leadership and Tactics

In the third paragraph, delve deeper into Lachit’s leadership qualities and military tactics. Analyze how his strategies during the Battle of Saraighat demonstrated innovative warfare techniques, such as guerrilla tactics, naval warfare, and psychological warfare against a superior enemy. Discuss how his leadership not only led to a decisive victory but also inspired his troops to fight against overwhelming odds.

Conclude the body of your essay by discussing Lachit Borphukan’s legacy. Reflect on how he is remembered today in Assam and across India. Mention the Lachit Divas (Lachit Day), celebrated annually in Assam to commemorate his heroism. Discuss how his life and deeds have been integrated into educational curricula and cultural narratives, reinforcing his status as a symbol of dedication and patriotism in Indian history.

Wrap up your essay by summarizing the main points discussed and reiterating the significance of Lachit Borphukan’s contributions to the history of Assam and India. End with a reflective note on the lessons contemporary society can learn from his leadership and valor.

Lachit Borphukan Essay Example #1

Lachit Borphukan is a legendary figure in the history of Assam, India. He was a commander of the Ahom kingdom who led his army to a remarkable victory against the Mughal army in the Battle of Saraighat in 1671. Lachit Borphukan is remembered as a symbol of Assamese pride and courage, and his story has inspired generations of people in Assam. In this essay, we will explore the life and achievements of Lachit Borphukan in detail.

Lachit Borphukan was born in 1622 in the Ahom kingdom of present-day Assam. He came from a noble family and was brought up in the military tradition of the Ahom kingdom. Lachit Borphukan received his military training from his father, Momai Tamuli Borbarua, who was a renowned military commander of his time. Lachit Borphukan was appointed as the commander of the Ahom army in 1667. He was entrusted with the responsibility of defending the kingdom against the Mughal invasion, which was led by the Mughal general, Mir Jumla.

The Battle of Saraighat is the most significant event in the life of Lachit Borphukan. It is remembered as a glorious victory of the Ahom army against the mighty Mughal army. The battle took place on the banks of the Brahmaputra river in 1671. Lachit Borphukan led his army in a fierce battle against the Mughal army. Despite being outnumbered, the Ahom army under the leadership of Lachit Borphukan fought with great courage and determination. Lachit Borphukan himself fought on the front lines and inspired his soldiers to fight till their last breath. The Ahom army finally emerged victorious, and the Mughal army was forced to retreat.

Lachit Borphukan’s victory in the Battle of Saraighat is still celebrated in Assam as a symbol of the state’s courage and pride. Lachit Borphukan’s leadership and bravery have become a source of inspiration for generations of people in Assam. His story has been passed down from generation to generation as a reminder of the bravery and courage of the people of Assam. Today, Lachit Borphukan is remembered as a national hero, and his statue stands tall in Guwahati, the capital of Assam.

In conclusion, Lachit Borphukan was a legendary commander of the Ahom kingdom who led his army to victory against the Mughal army in the Battle of Saraighat. Lachit Borphukan’s story is a reminder of the bravery and courage of the people of Assam. He is revered as a symbol of Assamese pride and courage and continues to inspire generations of people in Assam. Lachit Borphukan will always be remembered as a national hero and an epitome of bravery and courage.

Lachit Borphukan Essay Example #2

Lachit Borphukan was a 17th-century Ahom general, who led the Ahom army to victory against the Mughal army in the Battle of Saraighat. He was known for his military tactics, strategic planning, bravery, and leadership skills. Lachit Borphukan is considered a hero and symbol of Assamese pride, and his legacy is celebrated in Assam through various cultural and historical events. In this essay, we will delve into the life and legacy of Lachit Borphukan through three .

Lachit Borphukan was a prominent military figure in the early 17th century, during the reign of the Ahom dynasty in Assam. He was appointed as the Borphukan, or the commander-in-chief of the Ahom army, during the reign of King Chakradhwaj Singha. Lachit led the Ahom army to victory against the Mughal army in the Battle of Saraighat, which was fought on the banks of the Brahmaputra river in 1671.

Lachit’s military tactics and strategic planning were crucial in the victory of the Ahom army. He was known to be a skilled archer and swordsman, and his leadership skills were praised by his soldiers. Lachit was also a devout Hindu, and he sought the blessings of the goddess Kamakhya before going to battle. His devotion to the goddess and his belief in the justice of his cause gave him the strength and courage to lead his army to victory.

Lachit Borphukan is considered a hero and symbol of Assamese pride, not only because of his military prowess but also because of his commitment to his people and his land. He was known to be a just and benevolent ruler, who cared for the welfare of his subjects. Lachit was also a patron of art and culture, and he encouraged the development of literature, music, and dance in Assam.

Today, Lachit Borphukan’s legacy is celebrated in Assam through various cultural and historical events. The Lachit Divas is observed on 24th November every year, to commemorate his victory in the Battle of Saraighat. The Lachit Borphukan Award is also given to individuals who have made significant contributions to the fields of art, culture, and literature in Assam.

Lachit Borphukan’s legacy extends beyond Assam, and he is considered a national hero in India. The Indian Army has named one of its regiments after Lachit Borphukan, to honor his contributions to the country. The regiment has been involved in several military operations, including the Kargil War in 1999.

Lachit Borphukan’s life and legacy serve as an inspiration to people across India, and his story is a reminder of the power of courage, leadership, and devotion. His military tactics and strategic planning serve as a model for modern-day warfare, and his commitment to his people and his land is a testament to the importance of patriotism and national pride.

Lachit Borphukan was a 17th-century Ahom general, who led the Ahom army to victory against the Mughal army in the Battle of Saraighat. He was known for his military tactics, strategic planning, bravery, and leadership skills. Lachit Borphukan’s legacy is celebrated in Assam and across India, and he is considered a hero and symbol of Assamese pride. His life and legacy serve as an inspiration to people across the country, and his story is a reminder of the importance of courage, leadership, and devotion to one’s people and land.

Lachit Borphukan Essay Example #3

Lachit Borphukan was a distinguished commander who played a vital role in the history of Assam during the 17th century. His courage and leadership in the Battle of Saraighat against the Mughal Empire have made him a revered figure in Assamese history and culture. This essay will explore Lachit Borphukan’s life, his military achievements, and his legacy in Assam.

Lachit Borphukan was born in 1622 in Guwahati, Assam. He was the son of Momai Tamuli Borbarua, the then prime minister of the Ahom kingdom. Lachit Borphukan was trained in the art of warfare from an early age. He became a commander in the Ahom army when he was just 17 years old. In 1667, he was appointed as the Borphukan, the commander-in-chief of the Ahom army.

The Battle of Saraighat is considered to be one of the most significant battles in Indian history. In 1671, the Mughal army, led by Mir Jumla, attacked the Ahom kingdom. Lachit Borphukan led the Ahom army in the battle, which took place on the banks of the Brahmaputra River. Despite being outnumbered and outgunned, Lachit Borphukan and his army fought valiantly and defeated the Mughals. Lachit Borphukan’s strategic planning, bravery, and leadership skills were crucial to the victory.

Lachit Borphukan’s legacy in Assam is immense. He is considered to be a hero and a symbol of Assamese pride. His military achievements have been celebrated in Assamese folklore, literature, and music. The Lachit Borphukan Award, the highest civilian award of Assam, is named after him. The Indian Navy also named one of its warships INS Lachit after him. Lachit Borphukan’s bravery and leadership continue to inspire the people of Assam.

In conclusion, Lachit Borphukan was a prominent military commander in the Ahom kingdom of Assam during the 17th century. His leadership in the Battle of Saraighat against the Mughal Empire in 1671 is legendary. Lachit Borphukan’s bravery and strategic planning have made him a revered figure in Assamese history and culture. His legacy continues to inspire the people of Assam and reminds us of the importance of courage, leadership, and patriotism.

Final Writing Tips

• Use Specific Examples : Enhance your essay by including specific incidents and quotes that demonstrate Lachit’s character and leadership.
• Maintain Coherence : Ensure each paragraph transitions smoothly to the next, maintaining a logical flow of ideas.
• Refer to Credible Sources : Use reputable sources for historical accuracy and to add depth to your analysis.
• Proofread : Check for grammatical errors and ensure clarity in your writing to effectively convey your message.

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Lachit borphukan: the valiant warrior of assam.

“Could it be that there is no fit man in Your Majesty’s realm? What are the enemies? They are after all ordinary mortals. Shall we not find similar men in our own country? Your Majesty should only confer the dust of your feet, and the man equal to the occasion will be readily found.”

-Lachit Dolakasharia Barua (Lachit Borphukan) so addressed the King at the court of Ahom Swargadeo Chakradhwaj Singha.

Lachit: A Saga of Victory

Born on 24 November 1622 in Charaideo, Assam, Lachit was the youngest son of Sukuti (popularly called Momai-tamuli), Assam’s General in the Ahom-Mughal wars during the reign of Mughal Emperors Jahangir and Shah Jahan. Ruled by the Swargadeo (King), the Ahom Kingdom (1228 CE-1826 CE) was administered by five highly designated officials called the Patra Mantris or Council of Ministers. The Borphukan was one of them.

Sukuti (Momai-tamuli) faced a lot of hardships and initially served under his nephew for a total of four rupees. The nephew used to address him as Momai (maternal uncle). Swargadeo Pratap Singha (1603 CE-1641 CE), on coming to know about Sukuti’s sincerity and dedication towards his duties, appointed him as Bar-tamuli or Superintendent of the royal gardens. Momai-tamuli steadily rose in position until he was appointed Barbarua , which essentially combined the functions of the Chief Executive Officer and those of the Lord Chief Justice of the land. During the early battles with the Mughals, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Ahom forces. His vigilance and bravery used to be a great asset to Swargadeo Pratap Singha. A Mughal messenger once commented to his master, “O Saheb, what do you say of Assam? The King is a veritable Mahadeva and Momai-tamuli is Mahadeva’s Chief henchman or Nandi. As long as these two wield the affairs of Assam, it is impossible to turn your face to that country.” This remarkable sense of dedication to work, loyalty, and respect for his master made Momai-tamuli rise to power and prominence.

Lachit inherited this supreme sense of responsibility and dedication from his father. From a very young age, Lachit saw and listened to everything that occurred in his father’s official residence. Being a Barbarua, Momai-tamuli had the usual retinue of subordinate officials helping him with the running of the state affairs, taking decisions regarding revenue and judicial complaints, receiving foreign messengers, and dealing with the problems of state diplomacy.

It was normal for the families of Ahom nobles to appoint efficient teachers for the education of their sons. Pandits and intellectuals who imparted knowledge on statesmanship based on the Ahom classics as well as the Hindu Dandanities and Arthasasthras and taught the history of the country and the administrative system, were regularly consulted. Military training was integral to the education of noble families. Every officer, even a judge as well as a priest had to take up arms in times of emergency.

Ahom Royal Palace (Kareng Ghar), Gargaon. Image Source: Wikimedia Commons

Lachit began his career as the scarf-bearer of the Premier, a position equivalent to that of a private secretary. It was considered the first step in the career of an ambitious diplomat and politician. Being a scarf-bearer, he had to carry a bundle of betel nuts and important documents for his master. He also had access to the royal audience and cabinet meetings. Lachit held various offices throughout his career. Initially, he served as the Ghora Barua or Superintendent of the Royal Horses. Later he was appointed as the Dolakasharia Barua or Superintendent of the Guards. Swargadeo Chakradhwaj Singha (1663 CE-1670 CE), soon after becoming the King, appointed Lachit as the Commander-in-Chief and the Borphukan. The position of Borphukan had both executive and judicial powers, and had jurisdiction over the Ahom Kingdom, west of the Kaliabor river. The Borphukan was also responsible for maintaining diplomatic relations with Bengal and Bhutan.

Lachit Borphukan and the Battle of Saraighat

Swargadeo Chakradhwaj Singha appointed Lachit as the Commander-in-Chief of the Ahom forces at a crucial period amidst the ongoing Ahom-Mughal conflict. Chakradhwaj Singha refused to pay the full instalment to the Mughals agreed upon in the Treaty of Ghilajharighat, signed in 1663 CE by his predecessor Swargadeo Jayadhwaj Singha. He rather instructed Lachit Borphukan to prepare his army to fight the Mughals. Lachit completed his preparations by the summer of 1667 CE, and his army recaptured Guwahati, which was previously occupied by the Mughal forces. In December 1667, the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, sent a huge force to Guwahati under the command of Raja Ram Singh of Amber, to re-establish Mughal authority. The news of the departure of Raja Ram Singh and his army from Delhi was promptly communicated to Lachit Borphukan through his spies. Lachit, aware of the numerical and technological strength of the Mughal army, immediately initiated a survey of Guwahati to make it into a war zone. Guwahati, located on the banks of the river Brahmaputra and surrounded by hills from all sides, was strategically crucial for the Ahoms. Lachit realised that the fortifications of Guwahati must be secured to safely accommodate their men and resources. Prime Minister Atan Buagohain was appointed by the King to erect and maintain the necessary fortifications on both banks of the River Brahmaputra. Lachit Borphukan had to ensure that all his forces were equipped with sufficient resources to sustain the attack. He even inspected the passes and defiles in the neighbourhood of Guwahati. The sense of vigilance and courage shown by Lachit Borphukan in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief was incredible.

View of Guwahati city from the Brahmaputra

The core of Ram Singh’s army consisted of 21 Rajput Chiefs, 4000 troopers, 1500 gentlemen troopers, and 500 artillerymen, and with reinforcements from Bengal, the strength of his army increased to 30,000 infantry, 18000 Turkish cavalry and 15000 archers. Lachit Borphukan received reports of the Mughal army advancing towards Guwahati, and he personally verified the reports by surveying their position. It is said that tears rolled down his cheeks when he said to himself, “It is a tragedy that my country is facing this dire catastrophe during my Phukanship. How will my King be saved? How will my people be saved? And how will my posterity be saved?” However, he did not let this break his spirit. He was determined to defend his motherland to the end. Lachit was aware that the Mughals were inexperienced in naval battles and wanted to take advantage of it. He surveyed and identified a triangular region called Andharubali in Guwahati, (it connects Nilachal hill and Itakhuli hill on the southern bank, and Aswakranta hill on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra) to be the most convenient site to fight a naval battle. In February 1669 CE, Raja Ram Singh’s army reached the frontier garrison of Rangamati. Lachit Borphukan, in order to lure the invaders into the war zone of Guwahati, (the land surrounded by hills on all sides with forts and garrisons at regular intervals), despatched three officers towards the Manaha river to entice the enemy into the neighbourhood of Guwahati.

Statues depicting the preparations of the Ahom army. Image Source: Wikimedia Commons.

As the fortifications of Guwahati were further strengthened, Lachit Borphukan did not spare anyone who did not execute his orders.

It is said that Lachit assigned his own maternal uncle with the responsibility of constructing a rampart near Amingaon on the north bank of the Brahmaputra. However, his uncle was unable to complete the work within the specified time. An incensed Lachit executed his uncle for such a careless attitude. His words, “My uncle is not greater than my country” showed his priorities.

Site map of the Battle of Saraighat. Image Source: Wikimedia Commons

In 1670 CE, Swargadeo Udayaditya Singha succeeded to the throne following the death of Chakradhwaj Singha. In 1671 CE, the Mughal army led by Raja Ram Singh made its way to Guwahati with a naval flotilla sailing upstream of the Brahmaputra. The Mughal army unable to use the roadways due to fortifications, took the riverway to enter Guwahati. As soon as they were about to land at Andharubali , the Ahom land and naval forces were ordered to attack the Mughals. Lachit Borphukan was on his sickbed when the Mughals entered Guwahati. He was monitoring the movements of the enemy from the top of his gatehouse on Itakhuli hill. He observed that the Ahom army had started retreating after losing confidence in the face of the massive Mughal force. He immediately boarded his boat which was accompanied by six other war vessels, and headed towards the site of the naval battle. Borphukan exclaimed, “His majesty has given me the supreme command of the army here and placed at my disposal vast stores of provisions so that I may fight with the enemy. Should I now desert the fight and revert to the embraces of my wives and children? How dare these serfs of boatmen venture to row up the boats without my orders!” Seeing their angry chief, the Ahom army decided to fight back and faced the enemy with renewed courage and confidence. With courage and astute warfare tactics they finally defeated the Mughals near Saraighat, an area on the south bank of the river near the Pandu port. The Mughal army was forced to retreat from Guwahati. They were pursued to the river Manas, which was on the western boundary of the Ahom Kingdom.

Saraighat, Guwahati

Raja Ram Singh, at the end of the battle, hailed the courage and skill of the Ahom army saying, “Every Assamese soldier is an expert in rowing boats, in shooting arrows, in digging trenches, and in wielding guns and cannon. I have not seen such specimens of versatility in any other part of India.” He is further said to have exclaimed with astonishment after experiencing the valour and vigilance of Lachit, “Glory to the King! Glory to the counsellors! Glory to the commanders! Glory to the country! One single individual leads all the forces! Even I, Ram Singh, being personally on the spot, have not been able to find any loophole and opportunity.”

The joy of victory of the Ahom army in the battle of Saraighat diminished with the news of Lachit Borphukan’s death soon after the battle. Though he had a high fever while leading his army in the battle, it was his unsurpassed dedication and patriotism that empowered him to fight the enemies to protect his motherland for future generations. Borphukan died in 1672 at Holongapar in Jorhat. In 1672, Swargadeo Udayaditya Singha, as a mark of respect and remembrance to the legendary Commander-in-Chief, constructed the Lachit Maidam at Hoolungapara.

Statue depicting the Battle of Saraighat. Image Source: Wikimedia Commons

Lachit Maidam, Jorhat. Image Source: Wikimedia Commons

A stone pillar found at Guwahati has the following inscription in Sanskrit, “The Borphukan of Namjani [Lower Assam], son of the Barbarua, lived with glory in the Saka year 1589 [1667 A.D.] after having attained victory over the Yavanas [Muslims] who were equipped with various war-weapons, elephants, horses and captains. The person of the Borphukan is adorned with every ornament, and his heart is enlightened with a knowledge of the various branches of learning. He is beautified by attractive qualities which are also free from the evils of the Kali-yuga. The Borphukan shines effulgent in his prowess; and is the commander of elephants, horses and soldiers. He is the ocean or receptacle of the highest form of fortitude, self-respect, valour, and depth of judgement and gravity.

Sculpture depicting the naval battle of Saraighat. Image Source: Wikimedia Commons

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Lachit Borphukan: The Unsung Hero of Assam

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Lachit Borphukan: The Valiant Warrior of Assam

Lachit Borphukan was a remarkable leader who defended his homeland from the mighty Mughal empire in the 17th century. He is celebrated as a hero and a symbol of Assamese pride and identity. In this blog, we will explore his life, his achievements, and his legacy.

Who was Lachit Borphukan?

Lachit Borphukan was born on 24th November 1622 in Charaideo, Assam. He was the youngest son of Momai Tamuli Barbarua, a general and a minister in the Ahom kingdom. The Ahom kingdom was established by the Tai people who migrated from present-day Myanmar and China in the 13th century. They ruled over most of the Brahmaputra valley and parts of present-day Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Manipur for six centuries.

Lachit received a comprehensive education in statecraft, history, military tactics, and culture from his father and other teachers. He also learned Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic languages. He showed great promise as a soldier and an administrator and rose through the ranks of the Ahom bureaucracy. He served as a Ghora Barua (cavalry officer), a Dulia Barua (river officer), a Simalugiria Phukan (governor of Simaluguri), and a Dolakasharia Barua (chief revenue officer).

What was the Battle of Saraighat?

The Battle of Saraighat was the decisive clash between the Ahom kingdom and the Mughal empire in 1671. It was the culmination of a long series of conflicts that started in 1615 when the Mughals invaded Assam under Emperor Jahangir. The Mughals wanted to expand their territory and control the lucrative trade routes along the Brahmaputra river. The Ahoms resisted fiercely and fought back with guerrilla warfare and diplomacy.

The Mughals made several attempts to conquer Assam but failed to subdue the Ahoms. The most notable invasion was led by Mir Jumla II, the governor of Bengal, in 1662-63. He captured Guwahati, the strategic gateway to Assam, and forced the Ahom king Jayadhwaj Singha to sign a humiliating treaty that ceded territory and imposed tribute. Mir Jumla died soon after due to illness and his army retreated.

The Ahoms took advantage of the situation and launched a counter-attack under King Chakradhwaj Singha in 1667. They recaptured Guwahati and other areas from the Mughals with the help of Lachit Borphukan, who was appointed as the Borphukan (viceroy) of Lower Assam and the commander-in-chief of the Ahom army.

The Mughals were not willing to give up their claim on Assam and sent another large army under Raja Ram Singh I, a Rajput general and a son-in-law of Emperor Aurangzeb, in 1669. Ram Singh had about 30,000 soldiers, 15,000 cavalry, 30 elephants, and a large fleet of boats. He also had allies from Koch Bihar, Cachar, Manipur, and some local chieftains.

Lachit Borphukan had about 10,000 soldiers, 4,000 cavalry, 500 elephants, and a smaller fleet of boats. He also had allies from Garo hills, Naga hills, Kachari kingdom, Tipam kingdom, and some local chieftains.

The two armies met at Saraighat, a narrow stretch of the Brahmaputra river near Guwahati. The battle lasted for several months and involved land and naval engagements. Lachit Borphukan displayed extraordinary courage, skill, and leadership in defending his position against overwhelming odds. He motivated his soldiers with inspiring speeches and personal examples. He also devised ingenious strategies to counter the Mughal tactics.

One of the most famous incidents of the battle was when Lachit Borphukan beheaded his own uncle for neglecting his duty at a critical juncture. He declared that his father’s son was not greater than his motherland.

Another remarkable incident was when Lachit Borphukan himself led a daring night attack on the Mughal camp despite being severely ill. He disguised himself as a Mughal soldier and infiltrated their ranks with a small group of men. He then set fire to their boats and tents and created panic among them.

The final blow to the Mughal army came when Lachit Borphukan launched a massive assault on their fleet with his own boats. He used fire arrows, gunpowder, and explosives to destroy their ships and force them to retreat. The Mughals suffered heavy casualties and lost most of their equipment and supplies.

The Battle of Saraighat was a glorious victory for the Ahoms and a humiliating defeat for the Mughals. It marked the end of the Mughal ambitions in Assam and secured the Ahom sovereignty for another century.

What was the significance of the victory?

The victory of Lachit Borphukan in the Battle of Saraighat was not only a military triumph but also a cultural and political assertion. It demonstrated the resilience and valor of the Ahom people who fought for their freedom and dignity against a powerful invader. It also showcased the diversity and unity of the Assamese society that comprised of various ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups who joined hands to defend their common homeland.

The victory of Lachit Borphukan also had a wider impact on the history of India. It prevented the Mughals from extending their empire to the east and south-east of India. It also inspired other regional powers such as the Marathas, the Sikhs, and the Rajputs to resist the Mughal domination and assert their autonomy.

What is the legacy of Lachit Borphukan?

Lachit Borphukan is revered as a national hero and a cultural icon in Assam. He is remembered for his bravery, patriotism, and sacrifice. He is honored with various monuments, statues, awards, and institutions named after him. His birth anniversary on 24th November is celebrated as Lachit Divas in Assam.

Lachit Borphukan is also recognized as one of the greatest generals in Indian history. He is compared with other legendary warriors such as Shivaji, Rana Pratap, Guru Gobind Singh, and Maharana Pratap. He is admired for his military genius, strategic vision, and ethical values.

Lachit Borphukan is a source of inspiration and pride for all Indians who value their freedom and identity. He is a symbol of courage, loyalty, and devotion to one’s motherland.

I hope you enjoyed reading this blog on Lachit Borphukan. If you want to know more about him, you can check out these references:

• Lachit Borphukan – Wikipedia
• Lachit Borphukan: The Valiant Warrior of Assam – Indian Culture
• The heroism of Lachit Borphukan, legendary Ahom general and proud symbol of Assamese identity – Indian Express

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Lachit Borphukan: Assam’s Great General

• AUTHOR Team LHI
• PUBLISHED 23 February 2018

The very name Assam, with its roots in the word Asama or invincible, denotes how this land held its own, though most of India’s medieval history. Ruled by the powerful Ahoms for 600 years from the mid 13th century, the Mughals couldn’t touch Assam. In fact, it was here that they suffered their most embarrassing defeat.

The year was 1671 and the decisive battle of Saraighat was fought on the raging waters of the Brahmaputra. On one side was Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb's army headed by Ram Singh of Amer (Jaipur) and on the other was the Ahom General Lachit Borphukan, who made his way into history books that year. Details of his spectacular victory were meticulously captured in a ‘ Buranji ’ the official chronicles of the Ahom kings, maintained through their reigns. It gives us a vivid picture of what happened over 350 years ago.

The Story of Lachit Borphukan's Triumph: The Background

To understand the story of Lachit Borphukan’s triumph over the Mughals, it is important to get some context of the history, geography and politics of Assam. The kingdom of Assam comprised of a stretch of land 600 miles wide, along the banks of Brahmaputra river. It was surrounded by high hills and thick forests. The capital was at Garhgaon in present-day Eastern Assam, while a viceroy known as Borphukan administered from Guwahati. Thick forests, rivulets and the tough terrain meant that they were hardly any roads. All transport, as well as trade, took place over the river Brahmaputra. It was the lifeline and so the entire length of the Brahmaputra was protected by a series of powerful forts.

The Ahom kingdom was established in 1228 CE, by Chao Lung Siu-Ka-Pha from a Shan tribe from Yunnan, China. In fact, both the dynasty’s name ‘ Ahom ’ as well as the region’s name ‘ Assam ’ comes from the word ‘ Asama ’ or invincible, a local name for this mighty tribe which ruled here for almost 600 years. The Ahoms ruled a rich land. The Brahmaputra valley was rich in timber and elephants and so under constant attack.

Assam was invaded several times by the armies of the Delhi Sultanate in the 16th century with no success. The only invader, who managed to conquer some parts of Assam was the Mughal Governor of Bengal Mir Jumla who had occupied large parts of the Ahom kingdom including Guwahati and the capital, Garhgaon. Yet, within five years, the Ahoms took back control of most of the lost territories.

In August 1667, the Ahom general Lachit Borphukan had recaptured Guwahati. This outraged Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and he sent the Mughal commander Ram Singh of Amer (Jaipur) with a large force in what would be the last Mughal attempt to conquer Assam.

How the Saraighat Battle was Won

The details of the battle that ensued come to us from the Ahom court chronicles, the ‘Buranjis’. In ‘ Ram Singhar Yudhar Katha ’ written by Achutyananda Doloi, the astrologer-in-chief to the reigning Ahom King of the time and later reproduced by historian SK Bhuyan in the book ‘ Lachit Barphukan and his times ’, one gets a vivid picture.

In 1670, the Mughals under Ram Singh’s army comprising of 21 Rajput chiefs, 30,000 infantry and 18,000 Turkish cavalry, marched towards Guwahati through the Brahmaputra river.

Within Guwahati, Lachit was well prepared for the Mughal army and geography helped. The heavily forested and fortified hills surrounding Guwahati provided a ring of defence spanning 25 square miles. Moreover, the fortifications of Guwahati were surrounded by hidden ditches with bamboo pikes, to impale enemy cavalry. The unsuspecting and ill-prepared Mughal army marched into the war zone of Guwahati almost unopposed. They attributed it to Assamese cowardice, without realising the counter plan.

Once in, they became a complacent and easy prey to the planned guerrilla attacks of Lachit and his men. The Ahoms would attack only at night and then retreat immediately. There was even an instance when the Ahom army entered the Mughal camp walking out with all the silverware, they found! So harassed was Ram Singh that he sent off a letter to Lachit demanding he stop these attacks at night, To which Lachit is said to have replied ‘It must be remembered that Lions fight at night.’

Guerilla attacks were part of larger psychological warfare that Lachit and his men planned and the Mughal army was flummoxed by what it witnessed. Rumours were spread claiming that the Ahom army fought at night because it had rakshasas or demons. When the Mughal army head Ram Singh refused to believe this and demanded proof, Lachit is also said to have sent men dressed like demons into the Mughal camp to convince him!

– The Ahom army would attack at night and once even entered the Mughal camp, walking out with all the silverware, they found!

Demoralized and ill-prepared, the Mughal army even tried to make peace on ground, only to be thwarted by the Emperor Aurangzeb who was adamant to destroy the Ahoms.

The final battle was fought in early 1671 when the Mughals made a desperate attempt to break through the fortifications. Lachit who was ill at that time is said to have heroically gotten out of his sickbed, and rowed his boat straight at the enemy. This the chroniclers say, galvanized the Ahom army to such a frenzy that the Mughal forces were annihilated

The battle, which would become known as the battle of Saraighat, was fought on the Brahmaputra. Ahom boats a built an unpenetrable fortification on water placing their boats in a row, one after the other across the breath of the river. The whole of stretch of Bramhaputra flowing through Guwahati between Kamakhya, Itakhuli and Aswakranta became littered with boats and dead bodies. The Mughal flotilla was completely smashed and the Mughal admiral Munawwar Khan shot dead. It was a complete and decisive victory for the Ahoms.

This battle of Saraighat came to be immortalised in Assamese literature and even today, you will find a small village called ‘Sarai’ on the banks of the Brahmaputra where the battle was fought.

Lachit Borphukan of an unknown illness died a year later in April 1672 at the age of fifty. As a mark of respect, the Ahom King Udayaditya Singh built a memorial in his honour in Jorhat, 305 km east of Guwahati. Ram Singh returned to Delhi in disgrace.

– This battle of Saraighat is immortalized in Assamese literature

And after the victory at Saraighat, the Ahom kings ruled Assam for over 150 years more, that is till the annexation of the kingdom by the British in 1826.

Today, Lachit Borphukan is revered as the greatest military hero of Assam. In 1999, the then Chief of the Indian Army General VP Malik instituted the annual Lachit Borphukan Gold Medal Award for the best cadet of National Defence Academy (NDA). And in 2016, a 35 ft high status of Lachit and his men was inaugurated in the middle of the Brahmaputra, at the scene of his great victory, still so proudly remembered. Each year on 24th November,

Lachit Divas (Lachit Day) is a regional public holiday in the Indian state of Assam, observed on November 24th each year.

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Lachit Borphukan: An Epitome of Selfless Patriotism and A Symbol of Resistance

Home » Lachit Borphukan: An Epitome of Selfless Patriotism and A Symbol of Resistance

“He whose body is adorned with all embellishment and ornaments, whose heart and soul is illuminated with an array of knowledge, who is glowing with the splendid might decorated with the virtues which are not defiled by the sins of Kali Yuga, who is like the sea of elephants, horses and military, who is well-known as the son of Sri Borbarua, this Borphukan from Namjani defeated the Muslims ……………………………………in a full-fledged war equipped with all kinds of weapons and artillery, elephants and horses, and generals.”

Thus reads the inscription of eulogy in the victory monument erected at Guwahati, praising Lachit Borphukan by the king Udayaditya Singha after the historic victory in the battle of Saraighat over the Mughals; it is an eulogy of an individual which is nowhere found on any one in the entire history of Ahom kingdom. Indeed, the battle of Saraighat was Lachit’s crown of victory

The Mughal empire had expanded to its zenith under Aurangzeb, who pushed its boundaries to the farthest extent. And yet, paradoxically, the seeds of the empire’s destruction were also sown during his reign. One of the reasons was his religious bigotry, and his intolerance towards Hindus that alienated large sections of the population. His bigoted policies like imposition of  Jizya , destruction of temples, open hatred towards Hindus, etc alienated many.  As a result, revolts against his tyrannical rule broke out one by one, notable ones among them being Sikhs, Marathas, Jats and Ahoms.

While a lot is known about the Marathas and Sikhs, not much has been written about the Ahoms and their spirited resistance to the Mughals. One of the most fascinating aspects of Ahom history has been their long conflict with the Mughals.  There is a long history of Ahom resistance to Mughal rule from 1615 to 1682. There were 18 major conflicts between the Ahoms and Mughals, and in most of them, the Ahoms either routed the Mughals and sent them back, or even if the Mughals won, they could not hold for long on to their gains.

One of the primary factors behind the Ahom-Mughal rivalry was the kingdom that lay to the West, the Cooch Behar princely state. Another factor was the aggressive Mughal imperialism that sought to expand its territory into the North East, starting with the rich natural resource laden Kamarupa (Assam).

The very first foray the Mughals made into Assam, at Kajali in 1615, ended in a disaster, when the Ahoms regrouped after an initial loss, and reoccupied it, sending the Mughals back. While there was a brief lull in hostilities, the conflict again raised its head under Shahjahan’s reign. In December 1636, Kamrup was occupied by the Mughals. The Treaty of Asurar Ali signed in 1639, between the Ahom general Momai Tamuli Borbarua and Allah Yar Khan, saw the entire Western part of Assam, till Guwahati pass under Mughal control. When Shahjahan fell ill, and his sons were caught in a bloody war of succession, Ahom king Jayadhwaj Singha took advantage of it, and chased out the Mughals from Assam and reoccupied the entire western region till Guwahati.

Aurangzeb upon ascending the throne, ordered his Bengal subedar Mir Jumla to recapture Cooch Behar and Assam, establishing Mughal rule in that region. With Koch Behar falling to the Mughals, Mir Jumla entered Assam in 1662. He had a series of successes initially and was also helped by the internal dissensions in the Ahom kingdom.  Under constant attack, the Ahom ruler Jayadhwaj Singha, sued for peace, and the result was the utterly humiliating  Treaty of Ghilajarighat  in January 1663. Western Assam was ceded to the Mughals, war indemnity of 3 lakh rupees to be paid and the worst of all, he had to send his own daughter as well as his niece to the Mughal harem. It was a complete humiliation for the proud Ahoms, and Jayadhwaj Singha later died heartbroken.

Jayadhwaj’s successor, Chakradhwaj Singha, swore to avenge the humiliation. In 1665, summoning an assembly of nobles, he made it clear that the Ahoms would no longer accept Mughal rule and ordered measures to drive them out from Western Assam. By November 1667, Itakhuli was recaptured along with Guwahati, and the Mughals were chased down to the Manas river, which formed the boundary.

A major role in these Ahom reconquests was played by  Lachit Borphukan . Born to a brave Ahom military commander, Momoi Tamuli Borbarua, he would rise to become one of the greatest heroes of Assam, and one of the symbols of resistance to the Mughal rule. When one writes of the history of resistance to the Mughals, Lachit Borphukan’s name would be right up there with Shivaji and Rana Pratap. Educated in humanities, military skills and scriptures, he held various important positions like Ghora Barua (In charge of Royal Stable), commander of Simulgarh Fort and Dolakaxaria Barua (Superintendent of Royal Household Guards) during the rule of Chakradhwaj Singha.

Lachit Borphukan would however become known due to his valor in the Battle of Saraighat, one of the worst defeats the Mughal Army would ever face.  Saraighat would be remembered for the victory of a much smaller Ahom army over the mighty Mughal Army, through a combination of tactical brilliance, guerrilla warfare and intelligence gathering.  In a sense Saraighat would be the last attempt by the Mughals to extend their empire into Assam.

After assuming the charge as the commander of Ahom forces, Lachit oversaw a total restructuring of the army. The alliances were renewed with the Jaintia and Kachari kingdoms and in August 1667, Lachit accompanied by Atan Burhagohain, undertook a downstream expedition on Brahmaputra, reconquering the entire region between Guwahati and Kapili river. On Nov 4, 1667 Itakhuli was taken in a daring mid night assault by the Ahoms, and many of its defenders were massacred.

Alarmed at the losses, Aurangzeb, sent a huge army under the command of Raja Ram Singh, son of the Amber Raja, Mirza Raja Jai Singh to retake Guwahati. Ram Singh commanded a massive army with 4000 troopers, 30,000 infantry men, 21 Rajput chiefs with their contingents, 18,000 cavalry, 2000 archers and 40 ships. In addition, the forces of Koch Bihar too joined their ranks, making the Ahoms virtually outnumbered.

It was in such a dire situation that Lachit showed his tactical brilliance. Knowing very well that the Ahoms had no chance in an open plains battle, he chose Guwahati with its hilly terrain.  The only way up to Guwahati from the east was the Brahmaputra river. At Saraighat, the Brahmaputra was at its narrowest point just a width of 1 km, ideal for naval defense.  While the Mughal army was the strongest on land, especially in open plains, their weakest point was their navy. Lachit set up a series of mud embankments in Guwahati, and ensured that the Mughals would be forced to take the river route to the city.

When the Mughal march reached the Manas river in March–April 1669 and defeated Ahom forces, Lachit decided on a strategic retreat to Guwahati. The plan was to keep the Mughal forces in sight but beyond the reach of their weapons. When the Mughals reached closer, he started a sham negotiation via the captured Firuz Khan with Ram Singh, who had set up camp at Agiathuti, calling the Mughal Emperor the “Bhai Raja” (brother sovereign) to the Ahom king.  And when he was ready for the Mughal attacks, he sent words to Ram Singh that “Guwahati and Kamrup do not belong to the Mughals” since they were taken from the Koch and that the Assamese were prepared to fight to the last. A period of battles between the Ahom and Mughal forces in the region of Guwahati followed, with varied results with forts changing hands many times. All attempts made by the Mughals to secure peaceful surrender by the Ahoms failed and paved way for the final assault on Guwahati. Armed with the reinforcements that had arrived in the form of war vessels. The Mughal navy started pushing back the Ahoms into retreat. Now, Lachit, who was suffering from illness stood up and entered the battle himself. This had an electrifying effect on the morale of the Ahom soldiers as they started attacking Mughals from all sides in a fierce river battle, thereby scattering them. 4000 of the Mughal Army were dead, their navy destroyed, and they were pursued to the Westernmost part of the Ahom kingdom, the Manas river. Overall, the Battle of Saraighat was a total rout for the Mughals, and ensured that they would not make further inroads into Assam. Lachit Borphukan single-handedly led an Ahom force to victory over a much larger Mughal Army, it was one of the greatest military victories ever. He died at Kaliabor about a year later in April 1672. Though, his was not the final battle between the Ahoms and the Mughals, nor did Guwahati remain with the Ahoms. Lachit Borphukan’s own brother and successor Borphukan, Laluk Sola, deserted Guwahati for the Mughals in 1679. It remained with the Mughals until 1682, when the Ahoms under Gadadhar Singha recovered it in the Battle of Itakhuli and ended Mughal control in Kamrup permanently.

Lachit Borphukan used a brilliant combination of guerilla tactics, subterfuge, diplomacy, daring and psychological warfare to attack the Mughal army. As a result, his army was able to defeat the much larger army of the Mughals. He ddelivered the Mughals a tremendous psychological blow, destroying the illusion of their invincibility. Had the Mughals won the key battle of Saraighat in 1671, they would have massacred the Ahoms, including non-combatants, raped and enslaved all women as sex slaves, while forcing all surviving men and children to convert to Islam. This is how the Mughals and invading Muslim armies around the world treated the vanquished who put up a strong defence and resisted their attempts at conquest, Many examples of such savagery performed by Muslim soldiers on the ‘ kafirs ’ they conquered may be found throughout history.

The Ahoms and Lachit Borphukan have contributed significantly to India’s North Eastern region. Because of his bravery, the North Eastern region remained free of Mughal dominion until it was finally annexed by the British. Lachit Borphukan’s endeavours ensured that the holy territory of Kamakhya did not fall to the ruthless Mughals. He exhibited dauntless courage and die-hard love for the country. Today, Lachit Borphukan is revered as the greatest military hero not only of Assam but of India. Like his contemporary Chhatrapati Shivaji, Lachit Borphukan also fought relentlessly to resist the expansion of the Mughal Empire in Assam. Had Lachit Borphukan not been there and had he not resisted the aggression of the Mughals, the history as well as cultural and demographic pattern of Assam would have been different from what we have today. Debakanta Barua’s panegyric “Lachit Phukan” still touches the heart and soul of every Assamese and awaken their patriotic spirit : “Lachit Phukan! Lachit Phukan! Mor Swadexar Bir Dexar Karane Tahani Edin Jasisila Nijar Xir ………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….. Dexar karane Ajio Binai Hezar Dekar Hiya, Dexar Xenani ! Akou Mathon Ebar Hukum Dia” (Lachit Phukan ,the hero of my country, you had offered you head for the country. Even today many youths cry for the country. You just give order to them)

Today, Lachit Borphukan is regarded as a national icon, an epitome of patriotism, heroism, and has become an immortal figure in the annals of history. His bravery and tales of patriotism have become a national saga. His military acumen and war strategy have become an inspiring lesson for the nation’s millions of youths. On 24 November each year Lachit Divas is celebrated state-wide in Assam to commemorate the heroism of Lachit Borphukan and the victory of the Ahom army in the Battle of Saraighat. Lachit will always remain an emblem of national pride for all the times to come. His patriotic zeal and spirit has got immense relevance in the present time. His heroic tales can be a befitting reply to all those divisive forces which are bent upon the national integrity of the country.

The renowned historian Sitaram Goel has remarked that Lachit Borphukhan’s name should be taught in all Indian households like that of Shivaji and Banda Bahadur. Our Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi paid a rich tribute to the great Ahom general on his birth anniversary on November 24, 2021, terming him as the ‘Pride of India.’ Amidst repeated demands, our present government has now also included a chapter on him in the CBSE curriculum. It is high time that we go ahead and make necessary corrections in our history books so that the students can be taught authentic, accurate narrations of our proud past. The aim should be that an elementary school student in the remotest village of Tamil Nadu should know enough about Lachit Borphukan, Chhatrasal, Banda Bahadur, Tanaji Malusare, while his counterpart in the farthest village in Arunachal Pradesh should be aware of Marudu brothers, Surajmal Jat, Durga Das Rathod Kittur Chennamma etc, so that one can emotionally empathise, ideologically identify with the other and the seed of national integration can thus sprout, swell, spread throughout the length and breadth of the nation.

Biresh Chaudhuri is a Research Associate with Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation. Views expressed are personal.

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• Indian History /

Lachit Borphukan: The Hero of Assam

• Updated on  
• Mar 11, 2024

Lachit Borphukan was a legendary military commander in the Ahom kingdom of Assam, known for his outstanding leadership and strategic brilliance. He hailed from the powerful Borphukan family. From a young age, Lachit showed great promise in military tactics and leadership skills. He is primarily known for his bravery and valour during the Ahom-Mughal War held in Assam. His name is synonymous with courage and leadership in the history of Assam. Let’s know more about this unsung hero in our history.

Table of Contents

• 1 Early Life of Lachit Borphukan
• 2 Career of Lachit Borphukan
• 3.1 Battle of Saraighat
• 4 Honours and Recognition

Early Life of Lachit Borphukan

Lachit Borphukan was born on 24th November 1622 in the Charaideo region of Assam. He belonged to a royal family and grew up in the backdrop of the Mughal-Ahom conflict. 

• Lachit’s father’s name was Momai Tamuli, who was the Commander-in-Chief of the Ahom Army. Tamuli was also the 1st Borbarua (Phu-ke-Lung) of Upper-Assam under the reign of Prataap Singha. He is also attributed to be a founder of Paik practises.
• Lachit Bophukan’s mother’s name was Kunti Moran. He received his education from his mother and from a domestic tutor appointed by his father.
• He completed his education in Military strategies and Humanities and was well-versed in subjects like Ahom scriptures, Economics and Hindu culture and its religious components.

Career of Lachit Borphukan

From an early age, he was appointed to the commander’s post of “Hanstidhara Tamuli” by the then minister of the state. 

• Lachit Borphukan began his political career as a personal assistant as Salashar Barua to the commander of the state of Ahom. 
• He was later appointed as Ghura Baruah, where he impressed everyone with his talent and bravery in handling horses. 
• He was then appointed as the chief officer of Shimaluguria games as Shimaluguria Phukan and subsequently as Dulakasharia Baruah. His role as Dulakasharia Baruah was to control the king’s pali-paharia while he was taken to Dula. 
• When the Swargadeo Chakradhwaj Singha became aware of his skills, he was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief and Borphukan of the state of Ahom. 

Also Read – Birsa Munda: Life and his Ulgulan Movement

Military Career and Achievements

The bravery of Lachit Borphukan was seen in his military expeditions against the Mughal Empire . As a commander-in-chief, despite his illness, he inspires the army to fight valiantly against the enemies with himself present on the battleground. Some of his military achievements are – 

• Battle of Saraighat: One of Lachit Borphukan’s most notable achievements was his leadership in the Battle of Saraighat in 1671. This battle is considered a turning point in Indian history as it marked the defeat of the mighty Mughal army by the Ahom forces under Lachit’s command. The whole of Northeast did not ever fall under the Mughals after this Battle. 
• Strategies and Tactics: Lachit Borphukan was known for his strategic brilliance and innovative military tactics. He utilized the natural terrain of Assam to his advantage and outmanoeuvred the Mughal forces at every turn. He fought in the giant Brahmaputra river and stopped the force at the doors itself.
• Siege of Guwahati: Another significant feat of Lachit Borphukan was the successful defence of Guwahati against the Mughal forces. Despite being outnumbered, Lachit’s determination and tactical acumen led to the defeat of the Mughals.

Also Read – Complete Mughal Empire List: An Overview

Battle of Saraighat

• Lachit Borphukan is best known for his leadership in the Battle of Saraighat, a crucial confrontation between the Ahom kingdom and the Mughal forces led by Ram Singh on the orders of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb .
• Despite being outnumbered and facing a formidable enemy, Lachit Borphukan and his troops displayed unmatched valour and determination.
• Under his command, the Ahom army achieved a resounding victory, repelling the Mughal forces and safeguarding the sovereignty of Assam forever until the Britishers took it under their control.

Honours and Recognition

• Lachit Divas: Every year on November 24th, Assam celebrates Lachit Divas to honour the monumental contributions of Lachit Borphukan. It is a day dedicated to commemorating the son of Assam for his heroism at the Battle of Saraighat.
• Military Awards: The National Defence Academy awards the best cadet with the Lachit Borphukan Gold Medal Award every year since 1999.

Lachit Borphukan died at the age of 50 due to illness and natural causes in the year 1671. He is widely revered by the people of Assam, who hold him in high regard for his selfless service to the kingdom. In conclusion, Lachit Borphukan’s legacy as a warrior and leader remains etched to inspire generations of Assamese people, symbolizing courage, integrity and patriotism. He is remembered and celebrated through various cultural expressions, including folk songs, poems and statues.

Relevant Blogs

This was all about Lachit Borphukan. If you want to know more about topics like this, then visit our general knowledge page! Alternatively, you can also read our blog on general knowledge for competitive exams !

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Lachit Barphukan: Essay writing tips and ideas on 17th-century war hero from Assam

Updated Nov 19, 2022, 08:49 IST

• Ram Nath Kovind, the then President of India, launched a year-long celebration of Lachit Barphukan's 400th birthday anniversary at a function in Guwahati on February 23
• A seminar will be held on November 23 at the Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi
• During the seminar, the Assam government will release a book and a documentary on the life and works of the great general of Lachit Barphukan

About Lachit Barphukan

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Lachit Borphukan, The Hero Of Saraighat Battle

Lachit Borphukan Essay – 200, 500, 1000 words & 10 Lines

Lachit Borphukan Essay: Lachit Borphukan delves into the life of the legendary Ahom general. Lachit Borphukan Essay highlights Lachit Borphukan’s exemplary leadership during the Battle of Saraighat, defending Assam against the Mughal forces in 1671.

The article emphasizes his strategic brilliance, unwavering commitment to his people, and the enduring legacy of courage and patriotism he left behind. Lachit Borphukan’s pivotal role in safeguarding Assam’s sovereignty serves as an inspiration, symbolizing resilience in the face of adversity and a testament to the rich history and martial heritage of the region.

Table of Contents

Lachit Borphukan Essay in 10 Lines

Lachit Borphukan Essay provides unwavering commitment to his people and his legacy as a symbol of courage and patriotism are highlighted, showcasing his pivotal role in preserving Assam’s sovereignty and contributing to the rich martial heritage of the region.

• Lachit Borphukan, an esteemed Ahom general, played a pivotal role in the Battle of Saraighat in 1671.
• He demonstrated strategic brilliance, leading Assam’s defense against the Mughal forces.
• Lachit’s unwavering commitment to his people was evident in his successful defense of Assam’s sovereignty.
• His leadership during the battle solidified his legacy as a symbol of courage and patriotism.
• The Battle of Saraighat is a historical testament to Lachit Borphukan’s tactical acumen.
• He remains an inspiring figure in the rich martial traditions of Assam.
• Lachit’s contributions are celebrated for shaping Assam’s history and safeguarding its independence.
• His legacy endures as a beacon of resilience in the face of external threats.
• Lachit Borphukan’s vital role in defending Assam is recognized as a significant chapter in Indian history.
• The heroism of Lachit Borphukan continues to inspire generations, highlighting his enduring impact.

Also Read: As One Journey Ends Another Begins Essay in 1000 Words

Lachit Borphukan Short Essay – 200 words PDF

The 200-word Lachit Borphukan Essay succinctly explores the heroism of the Ahom general during the Battle of Saraighat in 1671. It emphasizes his strategic brilliance in defending Assam against the Mughals and highlights Lachit’s unwavering commitment to preserving the region’s sovereignty.

Lachit Borphukan, the esteemed Ahom general, exhibited extraordinary valor in the Battle of Saraighat (1671). Renowned for his strategic brilliance, he defended Assam against the Mughals, displaying unwavering commitment to his people’s sovereignty.

Lachit’s heroism and enduring legacy make him an emblem of courage and patriotism, profoundly influencing the rich martial heritage of Assam. His historic role in safeguarding the region’s independence cements Lachit Borphukan as an inspirational figure, celebrated for shaping Assam’s narrative with resilience and determination.

Lachit Borphukan Essay in English in 500 Words

The Lachit Borphukan Essay highlights Lachit Borphukan’s enduring legacy as a hero, shaping the cultural and historical narrative of Assam and inspiring generations with his courage and patriotism.

Lachit Borphukan: Architect of Assam’s Defense

Lachit Borphukan, the valiant general of the Ahom Kingdom, stands as a towering figure in the history of Assam. His remarkable leadership during the Battle of Saraighat in 1671 not only repelled the Mughal forces but also secured the cultural and sovereign integrity of Assam.

Born in 1622, Lachit inherited a legacy of military acumen and strategic brilliance. His defining moment came during the Mughal-Ahom conflicts when the imperial forces, led by Ram Singh, sought to expand their dominion into Assam. The Battle of Saraighat became the crucible where Lachit’s mettle would be tested.

Lachit’s genius lay not only in his military tactics but also in his deep commitment to Assam’s sovereignty. Recognizing the strategic importance of the Brahmaputra River, he devised an innovative defense using iron-spiked boats called “Borphukanis.” This ingenious approach disrupted the Mughal navy and secured the river routes, showcasing Lachit’s tactical brilliance.

The Battle of Saraighat, fought on the banks of the Brahmaputra, was a testament to Lachit Borphukan’s leadership. His forces, though outnumbered, demonstrated unparalleled resilience and determination. Lachit’s unwavering commitment to his people and his refusal to succumb to external rule became the rallying cry for Assamese identity.

The victory at Saraighat was not merely a military triumph; it was a cultural and historical watershed. Lachit Borphukan’s heroism became a symbol of Assamese resistance against foreign encroachment. His name echoes through Assam’s folklore and is revered in Assamese hearts as the guardian of their cultural heritage.

Lachit Borphukan Essay in 1000 words

Lachit Borphukan Essay explores his strategic brilliance, cultural stewardship, and unwavering commitment during the Battle of Saraighat in 1671, Lachit Borphukan Essay highlighting how Lachit’s leadership shaped the historical narrative of Assam and left an enduring legacy that continues to inspire generations.

Lachit Borphukan: The Unsung Hero of Assam

Introduction

Lachit Borphukan, a name etched in the annals of Indian history, stands as a symbol of bravery, leadership, and unwavering dedication to his motherland, Assam. Born in 1622 in the Ahom Kingdom, Lachit Borphukan played a pivotal role in the defense of Assam against the Mughal forces during the 17th century. His legacy as a military genius and patriot endures, making him a revered figure in the rich tapestry of Indian heritage.

Early Life and Background

Lachit Borphukan was born into the illustrious Borphukan family, known for its military prowess and service to the Ahom kings. His upbringing instilled in him the values of courage, discipline, and loyalty. Recognizing his potential, he quickly ascended the ranks in the Ahom army.

By the time Lachit Borphukan reached adulthood, Assam found itself in the crosshairs of the Mughal Empire, led by Emperor Aurangzeb. The Ahom Kingdom, under constant threat, needed a leader with strategic acumen and indomitable courage. Lachit emerged as the natural choice.

The Battle of Saraighat

The defining moment in Lachit Borphukan’s legacy came during the Battle of Saraighat in 1671. The Mughals, led by Ram Singh, the Raja of Amber, sought to extend their dominion over Assam. Lachit, appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Ahom army, faced a formidable challenge.

Despite being outnumbered and facing a technologically superior enemy, Lachit Borphukan’s military brilliance and astute tactics turned the tide of the battle. He ingeniously used the geography of the Brahmaputra River to his advantage, employing small boats and riverine warfare strategies. His leadership and strategic acumen resulted in a decisive victory, repelling the Mughal forces and safeguarding Assam’s independence.

Leadership and Strategic Brilliance

Lachit Borphukan’s leadership qualities, including his strategic acumen, decisiveness, and ability to inspire his troops, are discussed in this segment. His innovative military tactics and resourcefulness in challenging situations showcase his brilliance as a military commander.

Legacy and Impact

Lachit Borphukan’s leadership and triumph at Saraighat have become legendary, earning him the title “Lachit Barphukan the Great.” His commitment to the defense of Assam against external aggression has elevated him to the status of a folk hero. Every year, Assam commemorates Lachit Divas in his honor, celebrating his indomitable spirit and the values he embodied.

Beyond military success, Lachit Borphukan’s legacy extends to his commitment to justice and integrity. His famous decree, “My father has given me a kingdom, and I will not bequeath it to the Mughals,” exemplifies his unwavering dedication to his homeland. His leadership during a critical period in Assam’s history has left an indelible mark on the region’s identity and the collective memory of its people.

Cultural Reverence and Commemorations

Lachit Borphukan’s contributions to Assamese culture are highlighted, emphasizing how his legacy is celebrated through various cultural events, literature, and memorials. The enduring respect and admiration for him in the hearts of the Assamese people are explored.

In the tapestry of India’s history, Lachit Borphukan stands tall as a symbol of courage, leadership, and resilience. His strategic brilliance in the face of adversity, particularly during the Battle of Saraighat, showcases the true essence of a military genius. Lachit’s commitment to the defense of Assam and his unwavering dedication to principles of justice make him not only a regional hero but also a national icon.

Lachit Borphukan’s legacy inspires generations, reminding us of the importance of courage and determination in the face of external threats. As we delve into the rich history of India, the story of Lachit Borphukan remains a beacon, illuminating the path of valor and patriotism for all.

The article on Lachit Borphukan Essay serves as a comprehensive exploration of a remarkable historical figure whose life and legacy continue to inspire. The narrative skillfully navigates through the early life, military exploits, and cultural contributions of Lachit Borphukan, shedding light on the intricacies of the Mughal-Ahom conflicts and the pivotal Battle of Saraighat.

Lachit’s strategic brilliance, exemplified by his innovative use of iron-spiked boats, showcases not only his military acumen but also his deep understanding of the geographic and cultural context of Assam. The article underscores Lachit’s commitment to preserving Assam’s identity, refusing to succumb to external forces and emerging as a symbol of cultural resilience.

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Five things you must know about Lachit Borphukan, Assam's greatest military hero

The name Assam with its origins in the words Asama or invincible clearly denotes how this Northeastern land held its own for 600 years throughout India’s medieval history. Ruled by the powerful Ahoms from the mid 13th century, the name of the legendary general Lachit Borphukan has become synonymous with the valour and courage of Assam.

When one says the name of Lachit Borphukan, the decisive battle of Saraighat which was fought in the raging waters of the Brahmaputra against the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb comes to our mind. It was his heroism and strategic war skills that sent the Mughal army headed by Ram Singh of Ajmer packing.

Born on November 24, 1622, this day is celebrated by the people of Assam and the nation as Lachit Diwas and so here are five things you must know about Borphukan.

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Lachit Borphukan Essay in English

October 27, 2022 by Souvik Leave a Comment

Introduction –   

  Lachit Borphukan was a commander and Borphukan in the Ahom kingdom located in present – day Assam , India , known for his leadership in the 1671 Battle of Saraighat that thwarted a drawn – out attempt by Mughal forces under the command of Ram Singh  to take over Ahom kingdom . He died about a year later due to illness . King Chakradhwaj Singha selected Lachit Borphukan to lead the forces of the Kingdom of Ahom to liberate Guwahati from Mughal occupation . The King presented Lachit with a gold – hafted sword ( Hengdang ) and the customary paraphernalia of distinction . Lachit raised the army and preparations were completed by summer of 1667 .

অসমৰ ইতিহাস।। ASSAM HISTORY APSC Prelims Previous Years Questions – click here

Battle of Saraighat –

                            Lachit raised the army and preparations were completed by summer of 1667. His army successfully retook Guwahati from the Mughal forces. Emperor Aurangzeb (born on November 3, 1618 ) after being informed of the defeat at Guwahati sent an expeditionary force from Dhaka under Ram Singh. Due to the numerical and technological inferiority of the Ahom forces, Lachit resorted to guerilla tactics which successfully withered away from the Mughal army.

                            Knowing fully well that Ahom forces would easily be defeated if their commander  was removed, Ram Singh resorted to subterfuge. An arrow carrying a letter by Ram Sing was fired into the Ahom Camp. it later reached Chakradhwaj Singha. The letter stated that Lachit had been paid 1 lakh rupees to evacuated Guwahati. Furious that his commander was allegedly in negotiations with the enemy, the king started doubting his sincerity, but his prime minister Atan Buragohain convinced him that this was a trick by the Mughals to make Chakradwaj Singh dismiss the commander who successfully fought the Mughals so far.

লাচিত বৰফুকন || Essay on Lachit Borphukan in Assamese –  click here

                                Having exhausted all avenues Ram Singh made his way to Guhawati with a naval flotilla sailing upwards of the Brahmaputra river in 1671. He came upon an Ahom flotilla led by Lachit Borphukan himself near Saraighat. Once again outnumbered and outgunned in open space, the Ahom soldiers began to lose their will to fight. Some elements began to retreat and seeing this Lachit boarded a boat himself to rally his troops. Offered to be taken to safety by one of his troops, Lachit furiously threw some of them into the water bodily despite being severely ill, loudly proclaiming that he would “die fulfilling his duty to his king and country, even if it meant he had to do it by himself”. Inspired, Lachit’s soldiers rallied and a desperate battle ensured on the river Brahmaputra

                                        Lachit Borphukan was victorious. The Mughals were forced to retreat from Guwahati. The Mughals were pursued to the Manas river, the Ahom kingdom’s western boundary. The Borphukan instructed his men not to attack the retreating army. 

               Lachit recovered Guwahati from the Mughals and successfully defended it against the Mughal forces during the Battle of Saraighat . Lachit Borphukan died about a year after the victory at Saraighat due to natural causes . His remains lie in rest at the Lachit Maidaam constructed in 1672 by Swargadeo Udayaditya Singha at Hoolungapara 16 km from Jorhat . Lachit Borphukan’s Maidam was constructed in memory of Lachit Borphukan at Jorhat , Assam . It is 8 km far from the famous Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary . Here last remains of Borphukan were laid under this tomb ( Maidam ) constructed by Swargadeo Udayaditya Singha in 1672 .

Conclusion –

           On 24 November each year, Lachit Divas is celebrated statewide in Assam to commemorate the heroism of Lachit Borphukan and the victory of the Assamese army at the Battle of Saraighat.

Lachit Divas is celebrated to promote the ideals of Lachit Borphukan – the legendary general of Assam’s history.

               The best cadet from the National Defence Academy is awarded the Lachit Borphukan gold medal. It was first instituted in 1999 following an announcement by General VP Malik saying the medal would inspire defence personnel to emulate Barphukan’s heroism and sacrifices.

               This would not be the end of Mughal incursions into Ahom territory as the Mughals would take Guwahati in 1679, retaining it until 1682 when the Ahoms would permanently end the prolonged Ahom-Mughal conflict.

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Essay on Lachit Borphukan in English 1000 Words

Lachit Borphukan was a great warrior from Assam and today we are going to write an essay about essay on Lachit Borphukan in English in 300, 500 & 1000 words.

Table of Contents

Short Essay on Lachit Borphukan in 100 Words

Lachit Borphukan, born in Assam around 1622, is hailed as a hero in Indian history. He was a skilled military leader who defended his homeland from the mighty Mughal Empire.

Coming from a family with a strong military background, Lachit received thorough training in warfare and strategy. He became the supreme commander of the Ahom army when the Mughals threatened to invade Assam in 1671.

Despite facing a larger and better-equipped enemy, Lachit remained determined. He used Assam’s natural landscape to his advantage, building barriers along the Brahmaputra River and employing guerrilla tactics.

In the Battle of Saraighat in November 1671, Lachit’s tactical brilliance led to a decisive victory for the Ahoms. His bravery and love for his homeland continue to inspire people today, showcasing Assam’s resilience in the face of adversity.

Lachit Borphukan: A True Hero of Assam in 300 words

Lachit Borphukan was a great warrior from Assam who lived a long time ago. He was born in a place called Ahom kingdom, which is in the northeast part of India. Lachit Borphukan was a brave and strong leader who fought to protect his land from enemies.

Lachit Borphukan was born into a family that was respected for their bravery and leadership skills. From a young age, he learned how to fight and lead soldiers. He was very good at it, and people looked up to him.

When Lachit Borphukan became a leader, he faced a big challenge. The Mughal Empire, a powerful kingdom from the west, wanted to take over Assam. They sent their army to invade Assam, but Lachit Borphukan was not afraid. He gathered his soldiers and made a plan to defend their land.

The most famous battle that Lachit Borphukan fought was called the Battle of Saraighat. It took place near the Brahmaputra River. The Mughal army was much bigger than Lachit’s army, but he was not afraid. He used his knowledge of the land and the river to his advantage. His soldiers fought bravely, and they won the battle.

Lachit Borphukan’s leadership and bravery during the Battle of Saraighat made him a hero in Assam. He became known as the savior of Assam because he protected his land from the Mughal invaders.

Lachit Borphukan’s legacy still lives on today. People in Assam remember him as a great leader who fought for their freedom. They celebrate his bravery every year on a day called Lachit Divas.

In conclusion, Lachit Borphukan was a true hero of Assam. He fought bravely to protect his land and his people from enemies. His leadership and bravery will always be remembered by the people of Assam.

Lachit Borphukan: The Valiant Guardian of Assam in 500 Words

In the heartlands of Assam, amidst the lush greenery and flowing rivers, lies the story of a legendary hero, Lachit Borphukan. His name echoes through the annals of history as a symbol of bravery and valor. Born in the 17th century, Lachit Borphukan emerged as a formidable leader during a time of turmoil and invasion.

Lachit Borphukan belonged to the Ahom dynasty, a lineage known for its rich cultural heritage and fierce warriors. From a young age, Lachit displayed remarkable leadership qualities and a deep sense of patriotism towards his land. His upbringing instilled in him the values of courage, integrity, and loyalty, which would shape his destiny as a defender of Assam.

During the early 17th century, Assam faced numerous threats from the Mughal Empire, which sought to expand its territory into the northeastern regions of India. Sensing the imminent danger, the Ahom kingdom rallied under the leadership of Lachit Borphukan. Despite being outnumbered and facing formidable adversaries, Lachit remained undeterred in his resolve to defend his homeland.

The Battle of Saraighat stands as a testament to Lachit Borphukan’s unwavering bravery and military prowess. In 1671, the mighty Mughal forces, led by Ram Singh, launched a massive offensive to conquer Assam. However, Lachit Borphukan, with his strategic brilliance and indomitable spirit, thwarted every advance of the enemy.

Lachit’s leadership and tactical acumen inspired his soldiers to fight with unparalleled zeal and determination. He instilled in them a sense of pride and honor, reminding them of their duty to protect their motherland at any cost. His words resonated deeply with his troops, forging a bond of brotherhood and camaraderie on the battlefield.

Despite facing numerous challenges and hardships, Lachit Borphukan remained resolute in his commitment to safeguard Assam. His unwavering determination and selfless sacrifice became the cornerstone of Assamese resistance against foreign invaders. His legacy continues to inspire generations of Indians, reminding them of the importance of courage and patriotism in the face of adversity.

Lachit Borphukan’s contribution to Assam’s history goes beyond his military exploits. He was also a visionary leader who worked tirelessly for the welfare of his people. His policies promoted social harmony and economic prosperity, laying the foundation for a prosperous and inclusive society.

Today, Lachit Borphukan is revered as a cultural icon and a symbol of Assamese pride. His name is synonymous with courage, valor, and selflessness, serving as a source of inspiration for millions of Indians. His legacy continues to live on in the hearts and minds of people, reminding them of the importance of upholding the values of integrity, sacrifice, and love for one’s homeland.

In conclusion, Lachit Borphukan’s life exemplifies the true spirit of heroism and leadership. His unwavering dedication to the defense of Assam and his selfless sacrifice for the greater good serve as a timeless example for generations to come. As we celebrate his legacy, let us honor his memory by embracing the values of courage, integrity, and patriotism in our own lives. Lachit Borphukan will forever remain etched in the annals of history as a true champion of Assam and a beacon of hope for all Indians.

Lachit Borphukan: The Lion of Assam Who Roared Against the Mughals

Among the tapestry of heroes woven into the rich fabric of Indian history, Lachit Borphukan stands tall. A beacon of Assamese pride and a symbol of unwavering courage, Lachit’s legend is forever intertwined with the Battle of Saraighat, a defining moment that not only secured Assam’s freedom but also sent shockwaves through the mighty Mughal Empire.

Born in 1622 in Charaideo, the heart of the Ahom kingdom (present-day Assam), Lachit wasn’t simply born into greatness, he was groomed for it. His father, Momai Tamuli Borbarua, a distinguished military leader himself, ensured Lachit received a comprehensive education. Military training instilled in him the art of warfare and strategy, while his studies in literature and history broadened his perspective and honed his understanding of diplomacy. This well-rounded education laid the foundation for Lachit’s future leadership.

Lachit’s natural talent for leadership shone brightly as he swiftly rose through the ranks of the Ahom army. However, his true test arrived in 1671 when the vast Mughal Empire, under the command of the formidable Mir Jumla II, set its sights on conquering Assam. The Mughals, with their seasoned troops and advanced weaponry, seemed an insurmountable force. Fear gripped the smaller Ahom kingdom, but Lachit, appointed the supreme commander of the Ahom army, refused to succumb.

Unlike brute force, Lachit relied on a keen mind and a deep understanding of his homeland. He recognized that while the Mughals boasted a larger army, Assam’s terrain offered them a distinct advantage. The mighty Brahmaputra River, with its unpredictable currents and monsoon floods, could be transformed into a formidable natural barrier.

So, Lachit, the strategist, devised a brilliant plan. Along the riverbanks, he ordered the construction of towering earthen embankments, essentially creating a natural fortress against the invading Mughal army. Additionally, he adopted guerilla tactics, launching surprise attacks on Mughal outposts and disrupting their supply lines. These unexpected assaults frustrated the Mughals, accustomed to open battlefield warfare.

The month of November 1671 witnessed the commencement of the pivotal Battle of Saraighat. Despite being outnumbered and outmatched in terms of resources, the Ahom soldiers, inspired by Lachit’s unwavering resolve and strategic brilliance, fought with the ferocity of lions defending their pride. As the Mughals attempted to cross the Brahmaputra on their boats, Lachit unleashed a fierce counterattack. He deployed fire-arrows that rained down on enemy vessels, turning the river into a blazing inferno. But Lachit’s most ingenious tactic involved the very embankments they’d built. At a critical juncture, he strategically ordered the cutting of these embankments, causing the mighty Brahmaputra to unleash its fury upon the Mughal camp. The ferocious floodwaters wreaked havoc, sinking boats, drowning soldiers, and forcing the Mughal army into disarray.

This audacious strategy, executed with precision, proved to be a masterstroke. The combined chaos of fire and flood broke the Mughal spirit, leading to their ultimate defeat. The resounding victory at Saraighat wasn’t just a triumph for Assam; it shattered the aura of invincibility surrounding the Mughal Empire.

Lachit’s brilliance transcended the battlefield. He understood the importance of morale and leadership. He ensured his soldiers were well-supplied, motivated, and fully aware of the stakes involved. He instilled in them a sense of patriotism and pride in their Assamese heritage, making them fight not just for victory but for the very survival of their homeland.

However, Lachit’s legend extends far beyond the roar of cannons and the clash of swords. He stands as a symbol of unwavering patriotism, a man who refused to bow before a seemingly invincible force. His story reminds us that courage isn’t the absence of fear, but the ability to overcome it. It teaches us that even the most formidable opponent can be defeated with a combination of strategic thinking, unwavering determination, and the will to protect one’s homeland.

Even after the war, Lachit’s influence continued to shape Assam’s destiny. He played a crucial role in rebuilding the war-torn kingdom, strengthening its defenses, and fostering an era of peace and prosperity. Sadly, his life was cut short in 1672, a year after the Battle of Saraighat.

Yet, Lachit Borphukan’s legacy lives on. He is revered as a national hero in India, and particularly in Assam, where his name continues to inspire generations. Statues and memorials stand in his honor, and his life story is woven into the cultural fabric of the region. The Indian Navy named a guided-missile destroyer, INS Kolkata, after him, a testament to the strategic brilliance he displayed on the Brahmaputra.

300, 500, & 1000 Words Essay on Lachit Borphukan In English

Table of Contents

Introduction

The Ahom kingdom lies in the present-day state of Assam, India. Its Borphukan was Lachit Borphukan, one of its rulers. Assam or Ahom kingdom was under the command of Ramsingh at the time of the 1671 Battle of Saraighat, where his leadership thwarted an attempt to recapture that kingdom. His illness led to his death about a year later.

300 Words Essay on Lachit Borphukan In English

Assamese history cannot be complete without the name Lachit Borphukan. As a warrior of warriors, he holds a special place in history. Mughal Emperor Aurangazeb sent Mughals to seize Assam in 1671 and he defeated them at the battle of Saraighat. Assam was nearly captured by the Mughals, but the Warrior’s Captainship prevented them from doing so.

There are tales of bravery in every state or community. In the history of Assam, the state also had a Brave Commander in Chief. The day before the battle, he erected a substantial boundary of sand and soil to block the roads. This was so the Mughals could be forced to march through the river Brahmaputra’s waterways. As a result of their excellent naval combat capabilities.

In order to complete the job within one night, Borphukan assigned the task to his Maternal Uncle. In spite of this, his uncle somehow neglected his duties. After this incident, Lachit became Assam’s national hero after beheading his uncle with a sword and saying, “Dexot koi Mumbai Dangor Nohoi.” (My uncle is not more precious than my own country).

Furthermore, he suffered from severe fever attacks during the final battle. As he lay on the bed, he was resting. In light of Lachit’s poor health, some soldiers said they lost confidence in him. His aim was to keep the soldiers’ passion alive. His patriotic fight in the 17th century saved Assam from being captured by the Mughals when he ordered his fellowman to mount his bed on the boat. As a result of his ill health, he died shortly after the battle ended.

Therefore, He is our supreme leader and there is no “why”. Similarly, Senapati Lachit Borphukan and Chattrapati Shivaji in Maharashtra.

500 Words Essay on Lachit Borphukan In English

By the battle of Saraighat, Lachit exemplified his patriotism and dedication to his land. In order to protect his land, he even beheaded his own uncle. He employed his maternal uncle to supervise the construction of an earthen wall for fortification during the preparations for the battle.

When Lachit arrived at the work site late at night for an inspection, he found that the work had not progressed satisfactorily. The barrier was completed within that night and the remains of the fortification are still referred to as “Momai-Kota Garh” or “The fortification where the uncle was beheaded.” When asked for an explanation, the uncle cited tiredness, and Lachit became furious at this negligence of duty.

As a result of his illness, Lachit was carried on a boat and began to advance against the Mughal fleet with seven boats accompanying him. You can count on me to do the job well. Let the Mughals take me away if you (the soldiers) want to flee. 

The Ahoms in their small boats encircled the more powerful but less maneuverable Mughal boats and the Brahmaputra was littered with clashing boats and drowning soldiers. You report to the king that his general fought well following his orders.” This electrified his soldiers. They rallied behind him and a desperate battle ensued on the Brahmaputra.

The magnificent Ahom general was finally defeated by an illness that killed him shortly after his victory at Saraighat. Swargadeo Udayaditya Singha constructed the Lachit Maidam at Hoolungapara 16 km from Jorhat in 1672 as his last resting place for Lachit Borphukan. Assam celebrates Lachit Divas every year to commemorate Lachit Borphukan’s heroism and the victory of the Assamese Army at Saraighat on 24 November.

Since Lt. Gen. S.K. Sinha (Retd) PVSM, the then Governor of Assam, unveiled Lachit Borphukan’s statue at the National Defense Academy in Khadakvasla, near Pune in Maharashtra on November 14, 2000, the nation has become familiar with the veteran general’s bravery and patriotism. The nation owes Lachit Borphukan a debt of gratitude thanks to Sinha.

The Battle of Saraighat is commemorated annually in Assam on 24 November as Lachit Divas (lit. Lachit Day) to honor Lachit Borphukan’s heroism.

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1000 Words Essay on Lachit Borphukan In English

Ahom King Prataap Singha appointed Lachit Borphukan as the Commander-in-Chief of the Ahom army under the first Borbarua, Momai Tamuli, to lead upper Assam during the 17th century. Young Lachit was taught philosophy, arts, and military skills as was customary in Ahom society.

Ahom King considered him for the position of Soladhara Barua (scarf-bearer) as a result of his dedicated work and dedication. A principal secretary would be the modern equivalent of that position. Ahom king Chakradhwaj Singha gradually appointed Lachit to other major positions such as Superintendent of the Stables of Royal Horses (Ghora Barua) and Superintendent of the Royal Household Guards.

In response to Lachit’s attentiveness, King Chakradhwaj Singha promoted him to the rank of Borphukhan. As one of the five patra mantras (councilors) in the Ahom system of governance, Borphukan had both executive and judicial powers.

It was one of the world’s largest empires at the time and ruled a large part of India during the said period. In the past, it was considered impossible and irrational to think such a strong army could be defeated. The opposite has been proven by heroes such as Shivaji, Raja Chhatrasal, Banda Bahadur, and Lachit Borphukan.

Even when the Mughal Empire was at its zenith, the region of Assam and present-day North-East was untouched by them. Since the time of Muhammad Ghori, Ahoms successfully repelled more than seventeen invasions from their homeland. This was an anomaly that the most barbaric emperor Aurangzeb wanted to change. As a result, repeated attempts were made to capture Assam.

In an attempt to take more territory in Assam, the Mughals captured Guwahati during a brief period when the Ahom kingdom was facing internal discord. It was a defeat that prevented their dreams of capturing Assam from coming true.

Guwahati was the scene of the battle of Saraighat. Lachit Borphukhan was selected as the Commander-In-Chief of the Ahom kingdom because of his reputation as an expert strategist. In a battle they had almost no chance of winning, the Ahom army led by Lachit Borphukan used tactics like guerilla warfare and clever terrain choices to achieve victory. Here is how the famous battle is outlined in this extract:

Flowing streams isolated the Mughals due to mud and mudslides. There was an advantage for the Ahoms. The terrain and climate were more familiar to them. Mughals suffered heavy losses due to their extensive guerilla warfare. Ram Singh called these operations “thieves’ affairs” and was very contemptuous of them. A duel was announced between him and Lachit Barphukan. The bribe was also worth three lakhs to Lachit, who was expected to abandon the Guwahati defenses in exchange for the bribe. His next move was to use a ruse.

Letters addressed to Lachit were kept in the Ahom camp with arrows attached. As a result of his payment of one lakh, Lachit had been urged to evacuate Guwahati as soon as possible. Lachit Barphukan’s loyalty was questioned by the Ahom King at Gargaon after receiving the letter. The Prime Minister convinced the King that the Mughal Commander was playing a trick on him and he shouldn’t doubt Lachit’s loyalty.

However, the King insisted that Lachit engage the Mughals on open ground and come out of his defenses. Lachit was forced to follow the King’s order despite his objections to such a suicidal move. Taking advantage of the open area, he attacked the Mughal army from the Allaboi plains. The battle had reached its fourth phase.

The Ahoms captured Mir Nawab after some initial success but then were attacked by Ram Singh and his entire cavalry unit.

The physicians asked Lachit not to go out on the battlefield at a crucial stage of the battle. This was because he was very ill. As the Mughal army advanced and Lachit’s health deteriorated, the morale of the Ahom army was deteriorating. In the end, Lachit realized that his health was less significant than his duty to protect his people. According to the record, he said:

In the midst of an invasion against my country and my army fighting and sacrificing its lives, how can I rest my body because I am ill? My country is in trouble. How can I think about heading home to my wife and children?”

The brave Borphukhan asked for seven boats loaded with bows and arrows to be brought to him because he knew fighting on land would be difficult for him. From the river, he prepared for war and attacked.

Ahom warriors charged the Mughal army inspired by Lachit’s gallantry, and the Mughal army was suddenly attacked from the riverfront. Before the advance of the army, Lachit had built a line of defenses behind them, so they could retreat if forced. Confused and beleaguered, the Mughal army retreated after suffering massive casualties.

After the war, Lachit Borphukan passed away. Despite the brutal invasions of the Islamic tyrants, Assam’s culture remains intact to this day. Our civilization has survived all types of onslaughts because of brave hearts like Lachit Borphukhan and Shivaji during the dark days of Aurangzeb’s tyranny.

In Assam, too, this magnificent treasure house of bravery has not been properly honored, as was the case with Sankardev. Like Shivaji and Banda Bahadur, Lachit Borphukhan’s name should be taught in every Indian household according to Sitaram Goel.

Lachit’s patriotism, bravery, dutifulness, and determination are enshrined in the history of Assam. In the face of opposition from the mighty Moghul army, Lachit also succeeded in restoring and upholding the freedom of his country and people. Assamese patriotism can be attributed to Lachit Barphukan.

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3 thoughts on “300, 500, & 1000 Words Essay on Lachit Borphukan In English”

Spelling of “momai”is wrong ,written as “Mumbai”

Assamese history cannot be complete without the name Lachit Borphukan. As a warrior of warriors, he holds a special place in history. Mughal Emperor Aurangazeb sent Mughals to seize Assam in 1671 and he defeated them at the battle of Saraighat. Assam was nearly captured by the Mughals, but the Warrior’s Captainship prevented them from doing so.

There are tales of valor in every state or community. In the history of Assam, the state also had a Brave Commander in Chief. The day before the battle, he erected a substantial boundary of sand and soil to block the roads. This was so that the Mughals could be forced to march through the river Brahmaputra’s waterways. As a result of their excellent naval combat capabilities.

In order to complete the job within one night, Borphukan assigned the task to his Maternal Uncle. In spite of this, his uncle somehow neglected his duties. After this incident, Lachit became Assam’s national hero after beheading his uncle with a sword and saying, “Dexot koi Mumbai Dangor Nohoi.” (My uncle is not more precious than my own country).

Furthermore, he suffered from severe fever attacks during the final battle. As he lay on the bed, he was resting. In light of Lachit’s poor health, some soldiers said they lost confidence in him. His aim was to keep the soldiers’ passion alive. His patriotic fight in the 17th century saved Assam from being captured by the Mughals when he ordered his fellowman to mount his bed on the boat. As a result of his ill health, he died shortly after the battle ended.

Therefore, He is our supreme leader and there is no “why”. Similarly, Senapati Lachit Borphukan and Chattrapati Shivaji in Maharashtra.

Well it’s not “Dexot koi Mumbai dangor nohoi” it’s actually,”Dexot koi mumai dangor nohoi”.

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PM Modi unveils bronze statue of Ahom general in Assam: Who was Lachit Borphukan?

Lachit borphukan was a legendary army commander of the ahom kingdom (1228-1826), known for his leadership in the 1671 'battle of saraighat'.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled a 125-foot bronze statue of Ahom general Lachit Borphukan at his burial site in eastern Assam’s Jorhat district on Saturday. It was unveiled at the Lachit Barphukan Maidam Development Project at Hollongapar, an area spread over 16.5 acres, which is being developed as a tourist spot. The total project cost will be Rs 214 crore, Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said.

Who was Lachit Borphukan?

Lachit Borphukan was a legendary army commander of the Ahom kingdom (1228-1826), known for his leadership in the 1671 ‘Battle of Saraighat’. He defeated the Mughal forces, led by Raja Ramsingh-I, in this battle, and thwarted a drawn-out attempt by them to take back Assam.

He was buried at the ‘maidam’ — burial grounds for Ahom royals and nobles — at Hollongapar, after passing away a year after the battle at the age of 49 due to illness.

Who built the sculpture?

Veteran sculptor Ram Vanji Sutar, a Padma Bhushan awardee, built the statue. He had earlier crafted the Statue of Unity in Gujarat.

The State of Valour depicting Lachit Borphukan was built at his studio in Ghaziabad in UP and transported in parts from UP to Assam over the last few months and re-assembled at the site.

What are the other developing projects at Lachit Barphukan Maidam Development Project?

A gallery showcasing the history of the Ahom dynasty’s 600 years of rule is being built, while another gallery is being set up for the contemporary history of Assam. An auditorium with a capacity of 500 people is also being built.

JD(U) advisor and party's national spokesperson K C Tyagi on Friday said that the same INDIA bloc that had "refused" to make party supremo and Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar its national convenor, “has been now making offers to make Nitish PM". Tyagi added they had rejected the offer outright and were strongly with the NDA.

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