what should you name your cover letter file

The (Simple) Guidelines You Should Follow When Naming Your Resume and Cover Letter Files

When you’re first creating a document—even an important one like your resume or cover letter—you might give it a placeholder file name while you’re working on it. So if you’re job searching, you probably have at least one document named something like “Resume2021” or “FrontEndEng coverletter.” But you probably shouldn’t submit a cover letter or resume with a file name like this.

“It is important to have a clear and professional file name so your resume doesn’t get lost,” says Muse career coach Jennifer Smith , a former recruiter and founder of Flourish Careers . Recruiters and other hiring professionals are often working quickly and have multiple positions they’re hiring for at any given time, so an easy-to-scan file name “makes it simple for the recruiter to keep track of your info.” You’ll also “come across as an ideal professional,” Smith says, both of which are things that can help you to make a good impression on the recruiter—and anyone else considering hiring you.

(Still looking for more open roles to submit those resumes and cover letters to? You can search for jobs right here on The Muse !)

How to Name Your Resume or Cover Letter

Here are a few rules to follow as you name your resume and cover letter files—whether you’re attaching them to an email or uploading the files to an online system.

• Follow any instructions in the job description. Sometimes job postings will ask you to include the position title or identification number in your file name or to follow a certain format. You should always pay attention to any directions in a job posting. Otherwise, your application might be ignored or you may end up looking like you can’t follow instructions—which isn’t exactly the most desirable trait in an employee.
• Make sure your file name is descriptive and unique to you. You should always include your first and last name as well as what the file is, Smith says—for example, “Joseph_Washington_Resume.”
• Format your file name so it’s easy to read. Use capital letters to begin words—especially your first and last name. And separate each word. You can use regular spaces or you might want to use underscores (“_”), hyphens (“-”), or similar. Just avoid slashes (“/”) and backslashes (“\”) which can mess with different computer systems and programs—if you’re able to save a file with these characters at all.
• Include the position you’re applying to (optional). If you’d like to, you can always include the title of the job you’re applying for and even the name of the organization, which can help you keep track of your documents and also gives a subtle nod to the fact that you’ve tailored your materials. So something along the lines of “Cover-Letter-Leah-Kim-Staff-Accountant” or “Batya Feldman Resume The Muse SDR” is a safe bets.

Here are a few more examples of resume and cover file names:

• Ana Maria Estevez Product Designer Resume
• Cover Letter - Rohan Ahmed
• JP_Johansen_Cover_Letter_Sr_Recruiter_Yext
• Kayla-Harrison-Resume

What Not to Do When Naming a Resume or Cover Letter File

Though the exact file name you give your resume isn’t the most important thing—as long as it follows the guidelines above—there are a few things you should definitely avoid.

• File names that don’t make sense: “I’ve seen files saved with other people’s names, or a bunch of random letters and numbers,” Smith says. Avoid submitting a resume or cover letter with a file name that is difficult to understand or makes it unclear what the document is.
• Version numbers : Though you can—and should— revise your resume and cover letter as you get ready to apply to a job, make sure you delete those version numbers in the file name when you submit it. For example, “Sam-Madison-Resume-v3” won’t look as polished as, “Sam-Madison-Resume.”
• Generic file names: You should never submit a resume file named “Resume” or a cover letter saved as “Cover Letter Admin Assistant.” Your name should always be in the file title. If not, how will a recruiter or hiring manager remember who “Resume” belonged to? And how will they easily find your resume if they want to go back to it? If a recruiter or hiring manager wants to find your resume specifically, the first thing they’re going to do is search or scan the folder where they saved resumes for your name.

What File Type to Use

While naming your resume or cover letter file, you might also be thinking about the file type. So what file format is best for job applications? There are only two right answers: a PDF (.pdf) or a Word document (.docx). You should only use a different file extension if a job description specifies that the employer or recruiter would like to see your documents in a different format, such as .txt or .doc.

Read More : Should You Submit Your Resume as a PDF or Word Doc? 5 Rules to Follow

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What to Name Your Cover Letter and Resume Files

It may seem trivial, but file names matter. Here, we discuss naming conventions and best practices for saving and uploading your cover letter and resume.

3 years ago   •   9 min read

You finally finished creating your cover letter and resume — and you’re excited to send it off to prospective employers.

But wait — how should you save your files? Do you send them off as word documents or as PDFs? And how should you name them? Do you include your full name? What about the date?

In this article, we’ll take a look at how to name and save cover letters and resume files. We’ll talk about naming conventions, discuss do's and don’ts, and offer other practical tips and tricks on how to upload your cover letter and resume so that your application is professional and easy to read. Let’s do this!

Naming a cover letter and resume file

Do's and don'ts for naming your resume and cover letter.

Here's what to include in your resume or cover letter file name:

• Your full name, first and last
• The words "resume" or "cover letter" (depending on which it is)
• The name of the position you're applying for
• Anything mentioned in the job ad — always follow instructions above all else

On the other hand, here's what not to include in your resume or cover letter file name:

• Company name
• Version number
• Random strings of numbers of letters
• Special characters

What to name your resume and cover letter

Here are some examples of good resume file names following the above conventions.

Resume file name examples:

JohnSmithResume.pdf JohnSmith_Resume_PositionTitle.pdf johnsmith_resume_salesmanager.pdf Resume_JohnSmith_JobID2346.pdf

Cover letter file name examples:

Jenny_Su_Cover_Letter.pdf Jenny_Su_CoverLetter_PositionTitle.pdf jennysu_accountant_coverletter.pdf UI_designer_00154_cover_letter_jenny_su.pdf

What not to name your resume and cover letter

Cover letter and resume file names like the following should be avoided:

“CompanyName_CoverLetter_v3.doc” “Resume06092021.docx” “CoverLetter_JohnSmith_CompanyName.pdf”,“John_Smith_December2019.doc”, and “John_Smith_Resume_Ver2.pdf”

How to name your resume and cover letter

Step-by-step guide to name your resume.

• In either Word or Google Docs, click File -> Save As / Export to PDF
• Type your full name.
• Add the word 'Resume'.
• Make sure you keep the '.pdf' file extension.
• Remove all spaces, and replace them with underscores (e.g. Jane_Brooke) or sentence case (e.g. JaneBrook) if necessary.
• Remove version numbers, dates or other irrelevant words.
• Remove special characters.
• Save your resume.

Step-by-step guide to name your cover letter

• Add the word 'CoverLetter'.
• Remove special characters, version numbers, dates or other irrelevant words that make your filename lengths unnecessarily long.
• Save your cover letter.

How to save your cover letter and resume

Below is a step-by-step guide on how to save your cover letter and resume, in several file formats .

Microsoft Word

To save your cover letter or resume as a Word document, follow these steps:

• Open up your cover letter or resume in Word
• Under “File”, hit “Save As…”
• A dialogue box will appear. Next to “Save As:” at the top, name your file.
• Next to “File Format:”, located near the bottom of the screen, check to see that your file is saved as a Word document (this should be selected by default).
• Once you have confirmed this, hit “Save”.

Google Docs

Google Docs is convenient because it auto-saves your files. However, you’ll need to do a bit of work in order to share it with your recruiter or hiring manager. Here’s how:

• Open your Google Doc. The filename is displayed in the top left-hand corner of the screen, next to the blue docs icon. Double click to edit.
• Go to “File”, then click “Share”.
• A dialogue box will appear. You can either:
• Share with people directly, under “Share with people and groups”, if you know their email
• Under “Get link”, hit “Copy link” for a sharing link, which you can send via your application

Export as a PDF in Word

Here’s how to save your Word Document as a PDF:

• Open up your cover letter or resume in Word.
• Go to “File”, and hit “Save As…”
• A dialogue box will appear. Name your cover letter or resume file in the field next to “Save As:” at the top.
• Click on the field next to “File Format:”, located near the bottom of the screen, and choose “PDF”.
• Once that has been selected, click “Export”.

Once you’ve chosen your resume file format and appropriate names for your cover letter and resume files, upload to the tool below — it’s a good way to check if your resume is readable by Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS). It’ll also scan your resume and let you know if it checks all the boxes from a hiring manager’s perspective.

Other considerations

Here are some of the whys (and why nots) of resume file naming conventions.

Avoid generic resume file names

Avoid cover letters and resume files that aren’t clearly named — like those that are titled with a long string of numbers, or others that are just called “CoverLetter” or “Resume” with no other identifying information.

Poorly-named cover letters and resume files make it harder to tell at a glance what a file contains and who it belongs to, which means that you run the risk of having your cover letter and resume accidentally discarded and your application ignored for being incomplete.

Keep file names short

Long file names are difficult to read and hard to identify at a glance. Plus, file names (on both Mac and Windows) have a character limit of around 255 characters or so. Exceed that number, and you won’t even be able to save your file.

Leave out the date and version number

Generally, there’s no need to date your cover letter and resume — especially if you haven’t updated them for years. You don’t want an employer to know that you’re using the same old, basic cover letter specimen or resume template you’ve used since 2010.

The same principle applies to version numbers. You want your cover letter and resume to stand out on their own as final, definitive products, so leave out the “v3”. Remember, this is a job application, not a perpetually unfinished piece of software.

Don't use special characters

Use A-Z, 0-9, dashes, and underscores only. Ditch any special characters, symbols, or slashes. This includes accents. There's no need to get fancy with your file name — call it a “resume,” not a “résumé.”

Don’t touch the spacebar

Unfortunately, cover letter and resume file names with spaces in them will convert to “%20” symbols upon uploading to certain Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) — so a seemingly well-titled “John Smith Resume.pdf” will become "John%20Smith%20Resume.pdf," which is awkward and hard to read. If you need to space out words, dashes and underscores are your friends.

Don't worry about capitalization

You can write your file names in either title case, sentence case, or in all lowercase. Most employers don’t care either way, so it’s not a big deal — though title case (capitalizing the first letter of words) is arguably easier to read and looks more polished than the other two options.

Order doesn't matter

When combining your name, job title, ID, "resume," or anything else into a file name, it doesn't matter which order you list them in. For example, “JohnSmith_Resume.pdf” or “CoverLetter_JohnSmith.pdf” would both be fine.

Follow instructions on the job posting

Any specific instructions on the job listing override any tips in this article. If the job ad specifies a specific file type (e.g., .docx over .pdf) or a particular naming convention (e.g., include your middle initial), then always name and upload your cover letter and resume in line with those directions instead.

You should also try to add skills and keywords included in the job posting on your resume. Use the skills search tool below to find some more hard skills and keywords relevant to the job you’re applying for.

Resume file formats

So far, we’ve covered how to name a cover letter and resume file, but what file type should you save it as?

Use PDFs generated in Word or Google Docs

While you may be tempted to save it as a Word document for the sake of convenience and simplicity, you should try to avoid this when possible. Different versions of Word may mess with your cover letter and resume’s formatting options, like margin widths , fonts , or headers . This means that your nicely-formatted document may not look as neat on your recruiter’s screen — or, in the worst case scenario, may not even be readable at all.

To make sure your recruiter sees what you see, you should export both your cover letter and resume as PDFs instead. Saving your finished files as PDFs ensures that all text formatting will be preserved, no matter what application a recruiter or hiring manager uses to open your cover letter or resume files. If you need to make any changes to your cover letter or resume, just edit it in your word processor, export it as a PDF again, and write over the existing PDF.

Don't use PDFs generated in Photoshop or Canva

That said, make sure you generate your PDF of either your resume or cover letter in a word processor like Microsoft Word or Google Docs. Do not use an image editing software like Photoshop or Canva which will result in your resume not being readable by Applicant Tracking Systems .

Don't use other file formats

If you use a different word processing software — like Open Office, LibreOffice, or a plain text editor — that's fine, but you should convert your file to a more standard format before sending it in. Emailing your resume as a .txt, .odt, or .odf file risks a recruiter not being able to open it.

Frequently asked questions

Why do file names matter.

The short answer: It helps recruiters identify your resume more quickly. While the way you title your cover letter and resume’s file names won’t make or break your application, it’s still important to name them in a way that’s professional and informative.

In reality, it’s good practice simply because it makes recruiters’ lives easier. After all, yours is not the only application a hiring manager will read — they likely have hundreds more to sort through — and clear cover letter and resume file names will help them find and identify your application more quickly.

Should I put my first name or last name first?

Use the format First Name Last Name — for example, "JohnSmith_Resume.pdf" instead of "SmithJohn_Resume.pdf." Why? Mostly, it's just more intuitive. If you have a surname that could also be a given name — or vice versa — it also helps clarify which is which.

Should I use my middle name?

Not unless you're instructed to, or unless you usually go by that name. If you prefer to be called Kelly Sue, then by all means, use that name on your resume file (and in your resume itself). Otherwise, stick to your first name and last name.

Why shouldn't I include the company name?

The hiring manager already works at the company you’re applying to, so it doesn't add anything useful. Instead, it makes your file name unnecessarily long and difficult to read. Some people think that this is a good way to 'personalize' your application, but it isn't — it's the content of the documents that matter, not the file name.

Does it matter if I send my resume as a Word .doc file instead of a .pdf format?

Not really, no. If you’re not comfortable saving your file as a PDF, you can elect to send in your cover letter and resume as a Word document (or a Google Doc). Just be aware that you run the risk of formatting issues if you do so.

Do I combine my resume and cover letter or send them separately?

Unless specified, do not combine your resume and cover letter into one document. Upload them separately.

Get your resume right

Apart from getting your cover letter and resume’s file names and file types down, you’ll also need to make sure that the content within those documents — especially your resume — is well-written.

Resume Worded’s Score My Resume is an instant, AI-enabled resume scoring platform that audits your resume line by line, and gives you feedback on how to improve — helping you maximize your chances of landing a dream job.

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Your Resume File Name Matters: How to Name Your Resume

Your resume file name is the first thing recruiters notice when receiving your resume. Make sure your resume is named appropriately for the job you’re applying for.

Customers Interviewed by:

When you’re job hunting, your desktop is likely full of documents with a unique resume file name to keep them distinguishable. But when it comes time to submit your polished resume , what should the final file name be?

The way you name your resume file can tell a lot about you, including your interest in the position, qualifications, and personality. We asked career experts to weigh in and give their advice on naming your resume file. 

Keep reading to learn:

• How to name your resume file.
• Why your resume file name matters.
• What to avoid when naming your resume file.

Table of Contents

How to name your resume file, tips to write a good resume file name, why does your resume file name matter, examples of poor resume file names.

Before you press submit on your application, look at your resume file name. While it may seem like an meaningless detail, Aiyaz Uddin , founder of TheStaffingCircle says it’s anything but. 

“Recruiters and hiring managers can see the name of your application documents, including resumes and cover letters, in various places throughout the hiring process. This means your file name acts as your first impression, potentially influencing whether your application gets noticed or tossed aside.”

There are a few acceptable naming conventions to choose from.

• FirstName_LastName_JobTitle.pdf
• FirstName-LastName-JobTitle.pdf

Your file could also be a Word document. Both are acceptable formats.

Remember that your resume file name is always visible, whether your resume is going to the hiring manager’s inbox, applying through a job portal, or submitting your resume from LinkedIn . 

Here are seven tips on how to properly name your resume file:

Tip 1: Follow the instructions stated in the job description

Some job ads aren’t specific about how they want candidates to name their resumes, but when they are, be sure to follow those instructions to a tee.

These instructions are usually to help recruiters review resumes more efficiently. But in many cases, they’re there because that’s how the applicant tracking system , or ATS, they use will scan resumes for the job.

Every time you apply for a role, your resume goes into the ATS, which houses your resume for hiring managers to organize.

Not following file naming instructions may cause your resume to be ignored or not seen at all by recruiters.

Tip 2: Include your first and last name

The best way to set your resume apart is to include both your first and last names when naming your resume file. 

For example, instead of writing, “Resume.pdf”, write, “John_Smith_Resume.pdf”. (If you have a common name like John Smith, you might also want to include your middle name as well). 

This way, recruiters can quickly tell the difference between your resume and those of other candidates.

Tip 3: Make your file name reflect your personal brand

If you are a seasoned professional with lots of expertise and qualifications, building a personal brand can help you stand out from other candidates.

This is particularly beneficial to those in creative industries or full-time freelancers who are always trying to attract potential clients and projects.

Here are a few tips on how to do it:

• Tell recruiters what you’re good at. Pay attention to how people describe you or what people say are your strengths – and then briefly yet descriptively include it in your resume file name.
• Have a clear value proposition. What is it that you can do that will make you a great asset to the company? If you’re applying as a fitness instructor, for instance, you might want to include “Fitness Coach” in your file name.
• Give a sneak peek at your story. Your personal branding is a story about you: your career journey, passions, accomplishments , and more. Your file name can give a brief preview of what you’re about.

Some examples of personal branding in a resume file name are:

• John_Smith_SEO_Expert_Resume.pdf
• Janet_Jobscan_Resume_Expert_Resume.pdf
• Jane-Doe-Life-Coach-Resume.pdf

Tip 4: Separate words with hyphens or underscores

To make your resume file clear and readable, separate words with a hyphen or an underscore.

Refrain from using any other special characters, like an asterisk or dash. These characters may result in ATS parsing errors.

Also, avoid combining all the words together, such as “JohnSmithResume.pdf”. Recruiters may have a hard time reading your file name like this. 

In addition, although using all lowercase letters won’t affect how your file is analyzed by an ATS, capitalizing the first letter of every word makes your resume file name easier to read.

Tip 5: Exclude version numbers

You should always tailor your resume to fit the job that you’re applying for. Because of this, you’ll most likely end up with several versions of your resume. 

However, you should NOT show recruiters that you’re sending them one among many of your resume versions.

File names that display the resume version, such as “Resume_2023_1” or “Resume-Sales-2” don’t look good from a recruiter’s perspective. Instead, convey that you’re submitting a resume that’s tailor-fit to the job.

For example, you can name your resume “John-Smith-HR-Manager-Resume.pdf”.

Here are other ways to manage resume versions:

• Keep a master resume file. Keeping a master file that contains all your work history and background will ensure that you don’t lose any information as you create several versions of your resume.
• Include the company name. Indicating the company name is another way to customize your resume file while making it easy for you to manage resume versions.
• Indicate the current year. Including the year can also further customize your resume and make it easier to keep track of which version is most current.

Tip 6: Keep your resume file name short

Your file name should be short yet descriptive. You don’t want it to be so long that recruiters won’t be able to read the whole name when viewing the file. 

To do this, make sure your file name is only around 24 characters.

You can also check whether your file name is too long by viewing the attached file in your email. The entire file name of your attached resume should be visible.

For example:

Tip 7: Name your additional documents the same as your resume

If you’re submitting additional documents, such as a portfolio or cover letter , you should name them the same way you would your resume.

Follow the format “FirstName_LastName_Portfolio” to make your file names consistent.

Doing this will ensure that any additional documents you send will be successfully parsed by an ATS.

Bonus Tip: Use a suitable file format for your resume

To make sure the ATS can correctly parse your resume, always save it as either a .doc, .docx, .rtf, or .pdf file. Any other file type may affect the readability of your resume and cause parsing errors.

Also, avoid using graphics, tables, charts, and other design elements in your resume. These can confuse the ATS, if they aren’t formatted correctly. It’s best to play it safe and not use those features at all.

To make sure that your resume’s file name and file format is ATS-compatible, consider using a tool like Jobscan’s resume scanner .

The scanner works like this: paste your resume and the job description into the tool and click “scan”. You’ll then receive a Match Report.

The Match Report scores your resume and gives you personalized feedback based on best practices for writing a resume, including file name and format.

Here’s an example of the “file type” section of the Match Report:

Make the fixes suggested by the Match Report to give your resume the best chance of making it into the hands of a hiring manager and getting an interview.

Make your resume stand out and get noticed

Upload your resume to see what’s missing and get a free match rate.

View full results and optimize your resume

Your file name may be the last thing you think about when writing your resume , but it matters more than you think. Here are three reasons why:

A polished resume file name is a good first impression

You don’t have to wait until the hiring manager opens your resume to leave a good impression. A resume file name can display:

• Professionalism
• Memorability
• Organization

Your resume file name hints at your qualifications

Put yourself in the recruiter’s shoes. What would you think of a candidate who sends in a resume with a file name that looks like this: “Resume(1)”? 

You might think that candidate is careless, unqualified, or simply not interested enough in the job to bother to name their resume file correctly. 

On the other hand, a well-named resume communicates strong interest, enthusiasm, and a keen attention to detail.

“A clear and concise file name reflects attention to detail and professionalism,” Uddin explains “making a positive first impression before recruiters even open your resume.”

A good resume file name sets you apart from other candidates

The way you name your resume file can make it easier for recruiters to differentiate you from other candidates, even before they go through what’s inside the document. 

It also makes locating your resume faster, so when your application comes to mind, recruiters can quickly access your file.

What’s more, using a file name with unique details about your qualifications or personal brand can help make your resume easier to remember.

If you’re standing out among the rest of the applicants with file names like “resume.docx,” you’re more memorable to the hiring team. 

A polished resume file name also has another benefit: it puts you in the hiring manager’s good graces right off the bat. Uddin shares his insight that “when dealing with numerous applications, recruiters appreciate clear file names that make sorting and searching efficient.”

A clear resume file name has practical benefits to your job search

When you apply for jobs among hundreds of other applicants, a clear resume file name benefits:

• Targeted applications
• The applicant tracking system (ATS)

Including the job title in your resume file name targets your application for the role you’re specifically applying for, which can increase relevance.

Your file name could impact how your resume is read by an ATS

When the hiring manager inputs keywords into their ATS search, resumes with these keywords rise to the top. Uddin shares that this can also apply to file names. 

“Some ATS use keywords from file names to filter applications, so including relevant terms can boost your visibility.”

When you send a resume with a file name that ATS has trouble reading, it could create a file name with words mixed up or that’s hard to read. 

With a clear, easy to understand file name, it’s easier for the hiring manager to retrieve and revisit later. 

Now that we know how to properly name your resume file, here are some examples of resume file mistakes to avoid:

• RESUME.docx
• Resume.version2.docx
• Resume-2023.docx
• Resume-latest version.pdf
• Resume_current.pdf
• johnsmithresume.pdf
• John|Smith|Resume.pdf
• Janet-Parker-SEO content creator, blogger, and travel enthusiast.docx
• Final Resume.pdf

Remember that your resume file name may not be the deciding factor for whether you get hired, but using one that’s clear, descriptive, and specific can boost your chances of standing out and making the right impression.

How should you name your resume file?

According to Uddin, when in doubt, use the following best practices to help you name your resume file appropriately:

• Include your full name : This identifies you clearly.
• Mention the job title : Shows relevance and targeted application.
• Use relevant keywords: Align with the job description and potential ATS filters.
• Keep it concise and professional : Avoid jargon, emojis, or excessive capitalization.
• Maintain consistency : Use the same format for all application documents.

Example: John_Doe_Resume_Software_Engineer.pdf

What file should a resume be in?

A resume is typically submitted as a PDF or Word file . PDF is a universal file format that preserves the formatting of your document and ensures it looks the same across different devices and operating systems. 

It also helps maintain the layout and design integrity of your resume, preventing any unintended changes that may occur when opening the file on different computers or software applications.

Submitting your resume as a PDF ensures that:

• Formatting is Preserved : Your resume will maintain its original layout, fonts, and styling, regardless of the device or software used to view it.
• Compatibility : PDFs can be opened and viewed on almost any device or operating system using free PDF reader software such as Adobe Acrobat Reader, making them accessible to recruiters and hiring managers.

You can also submit your resume in other formats such as Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx). However, read the job description closely to see if there’s a preferred file format for resume submissions.

Should my resume be a PDF?

A PDF is an ideal way to submit your resume. Here are several reasons why:

• Protection from Alteration : PDF files are typically “read-only,” meaning they cannot be easily edited or altered. This helps to prevent unauthorized changes to your resume content or formatting.
• Ease of Printing : Recruiters or hiring managers may want to print your resume for review or to share with others. PDFs ensure that your resume prints consistently and accurately, preserving its visual appeal.

While some employers may request resumes in other formats such as Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx), providing your resume as a PDF unless instructed otherwise is generally considered a best practice in the job application process. It helps to ensure that your document is presented professionally and consistently across different platforms and devices.

NOTE : If you’re building your resume from scratch, try Jobscan’s free resume builder . There are no hidden costs and it allows you to build an ATS-compatible resume in no time!

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Kelsey is a Content Writer with a background in content creation, bouncing between industries to educate readers everywhere.

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How To Name Your Resume and Cover Letter

How to Name Your Resume File

Avoid generic titles, use your name, go beyond just your name (maybe), be professional, be consistent, avoid version numbers, proofread and edit, options for saving your resume, how to send your resume, sample resume.

itakefotos4u / Getty Images

When you are applying for jobs, it's important to give your  resume a title that makes it clear that the resume is yours, not just that of any random candidate.

It is particularly important when you send employers your resume and cover letter as attachments (either via email or through an online job application system). When the employer opens your document, he or she will see what you have named your document. You, therefore, want the title to be professional, and to state who you are clearly.

Read below for more advice on what to name your resume file and other job application documents, as well as what not to name them. Also, read below for advice on how to save your documents.

Don't email or upload your resume with the name resume.doc, unless you want a harried human resources associate to save over your file with someone else’s. With a generic file name, there will be no way to distinguish it from all the other resumes with the same name. 

Choose a file name that includes your name. This way, hiring managers will know whose resume it is, and it will be easier for them to track and manage it. It’s also less likely that they’ll lose it, or get your materials confused with someone else’s.

If you name your resume janedoeresume.doc, Jane Doe Resume.docx, or Jane-Doe-Resume.pdf, the employer will know whose resume it is at a glance and be able to associate it with the rest of your materials and application.

If you can fit it, use both your first name and last name. This way, your resume won't get confused with someone else's resume with the same name.

You might choose to provide a bit more detail in the title than simply your name. You can also include the title of the position in your document name for your resume and cover letter. You can use spaces or dashes between words; capitalizing words may help make the document name easier to read.

Remember that hiring managers and other people who will interview you are quite likely to see your cover letter and resume file names, so make sure those titles are professional and appropriate. Now is not the time to pull out your AIM screen names from middle school. Save the joke names for your private social media accounts and keep these file names professional and simple.

Consistency is important when naming your resume, cover letter, and other application documents, so use the same format for each. For example, if you simply use your last name and a description of the document for one title (“Smith Resume”), use the same format for all your other materials (“Smith Cover Letter”).

Make sure any capitalization, spacing, use of dashes, and other style choices are consistent between documents.

If you are applying for jobs frequently, it's possible that you have several versions of your resume saved on your computer. Avoid including version numbers (e.g., John-Smith-Resume-10.doc) in your file name and other cryptic codes.

Get rid of those numbers and codes when you submit your resume. An employer might get the impression that the job is halfway down a long list of potential opportunities. A hiring manager who sees “resume-10” as part of your file name will wonder what resumes 1 through 9 looked like and whether you’re just applying for every job in town.

Develop a filing system on your computer to keep track of the different versions of your resume, rather than using the file name for that purpose, and make sure that proofed, ready-to-go resumes are stored in a separate area from drafts.

Before submitting your resume or cover letter,  proofread  the document title. It sounds silly, but a typo in the title might make an employer think that you do not focus on details and that you are unprofessional.

It's important to send or upload your resume as a PDF or a Word document. This way, the receiver will get a copy of your resume and cover letter in the original format.

To name your Word document resume:

• Click File, Save As
• Type the name you want to use for your resume. For example, malcolmjonesresume.docx

To save a Word document as a PDF:

To convert your Word documents to PDFs, depending on your word processing software, you may be able to do so by clicking either "File," then "Save as PDF" or “File,” then “Print,” then “Save as PDF” (from the list of menu options in the bottom left-hand corner). If not, there are free programs you can use to convert a file to a PDF.

To save a Google Doc resume as a Word document:

• Open the file in Google Docs
• Click File, Download, Microsoft Word (.docx)

To save a Google Doc resume as a PDF document:

• Click File, Download, PDF (.pdf)

Saving your resume and cover letter as a PDF will ensure that the formatting stays the same, even if the employer uses a different word processing program or operating system.

If the job listing requires you to submit your documents in a different format, be sure to do so. Not following instructions could cost you an interview.

Once you've named and saved your resume and cover letter, follow the directions in the job posting for applying for the position. You may need to send your application materials as an attachment , upload them to a job site, or upload them directly to an employer's application portal.

This is an example of a resume. Download the resume template (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online).

Sample Resume (Text Version)

Carly Candidate 999 Main Street, Aspen, CO 81611 (123) 555-1234 carly.candidate@email.com

CAREER OBJECTIVE

Charismatic and creatively talented Event Manager positioned to impress your clients, associates, and project stakeholders with flawlessly executed meetings, galas, conferences, trade shows, banquets, and celebratory events.

CORE QUALIFICATIONS

• 8 years’ experience planning and handling all logistics for high-profile events including conferences, galas, weddings, ski and mountain excursions, and golf tournaments.
• Superb customer service and concierge talents supported by a positive attitude, charming manners, and a proactive stance in identifying and fulfilling individuals’ needs.
• Well-versed in coordinating and supervising cross-functional events teams of caterers, wait staff, set-up and maintenance crews, and security personnel.
• Bilingual in written and spoken English and Spanish, with high fluency in French.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

SUMMIT RESORT, Aspen, CO Event Manager , October 2020 - Present Coordinate and direct community and private events for clientele of upscale mountain resort, including ski excursions, destination weddings, and conferences.

• Impressed and earned referrals and repeated corporate leadership and development conference engagements from executives from Microsoft, Google, and Windermere Real Estate.
• Initiated social media marketing initiatives that increased the client base by more than 40%.
• Developed mutually advantageous relationships with media representatives to publicize resort events.

RIDGEWAY RESORT AND CONFERENCE CENTER, Aspen, CO Event Manager , September 2013 - October 2020 Organized golf outings and corporate fundraising tournaments for guests of 5-star resort and conference center. Scheduled greens times and arranged for outdoor catering and post-events including cocktail parties and raffles; handled all related marketing tasks for fundraisers.

• Capitalized upon opportunities to up-sell resort amenities to conference guests, driving an overall revenue increase of 15% for spa, restaurant, and pool grill.
• Implemented stringent billing processes that reduced delinquent accounts by 85%.
• Organized golf tournaments that were written up in Golf Today and NonProfit Times.

Bachelor of Science in Travel and Tourism Management; GPA 3.8 MSU Denver, Denver, Colorado Dean’s List; Graduated Magna cum Laude; Rush Chair, Sigma Sigma Sigma Sorority

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How to name a cover letter file?

Shakespeare said, “What’s in a name?”. True that. But not in the case of the naming of your cover letter and resume.

A recruiter gets hundreds of cover letters and resumes for a job opening. What if all are named as cover letter.doc or resume.pdf .

So, when you apply for a job position, it is important to have a title name that makes it clear that it belongs to you. So try to use professional titles for your cover letter name or resume name to avoid any confusions or the risk of your cover letter or resume is lost in hundred others.

You must choose an apt name for your cover letter and resume file or you might lose your chances of getting shortlisted for an interview.

In concise, a cover letter name or a cover letter title is the name of the cover letter file is saved as. The purpose of this is to make it easier for the recruiters to identify your documents from hundreds of job applications.

But do not worry, we are here to help you.

Here is what the blog will walk you through:

• How to choose a cover letter name or a resume name?
• How to format the cover letter name or resume name?
• Whether to use special characters?
• Cover letter name examples
• How to choose the best file format for a cover letter and resume?

A few companies provide the format to save the name of your cover letter or resume. In that case, always keep your cover letter name and resume name in alignment with the job description requirements.

If the company do not provide any specific information regarding the name of the document file then follow the tips given below.

So, let us start on how to choose a cover letter title or resume title.

Why do I need to name a cover letter or resume?

[ Back to Table of Content ] It is very simple. Whenever you send a cover letter along with your resume to the recruiter or hiring manager, he/she would download it and save it in a folder having a ton of other resumes and cover letters.

Just to be sure that your cover letter and resume is not lost, naming them properly is a wise thing to do.

Also, if a recruiter or a hiring manager likes your cover letter or resume, or want to have a look at it again then he should be able to find it easily. This would ease out their task and put a good impression on them.

What to name your cover letter and resume file?

[ Back to Table of Content ] Since we now know that a cover letter name and resume name is important, we need to know what to name a cover letter or a resume.

It does not include very rigid rules, just a few things to keep in mind while naming and your cover letter and resume is ready to be mailed.

Rule 1 : Never use generic names for your cover letter or resume. For example cover letter.doc , CL.pdf , resume.pdf , 1.doc etc.

That also includes that you need to avoid by default names that your system generates such as Untitled.pdf .

Rule 2 : Always keep your name first in a cover letter name or resume name. So that it is easier for the employer to save your document in a folder with other applicants and is sorted alphabetically.

Here are a few suggestions for cover letter name and resume name:

Name and document

[ Back to Table of Content ] This is the simplest way to name your cover letter or resume. Say, your name is Betty Stones then you can save the document as Betty-Stones-Cover-Letter.pdf or Betty-Stones-Resume.doc .

Name, job title, and document

[ Back to Table of Content ] This is a more professional way to name a cover letter or resume. In this, apart from the name and document type, you need to mention the job title as well.

This format is a ‘tell all’ one. It tells a lot about the file even before it is opened by a hiring manager or a recruiter. Here are a few examples to guide you:

Betty-Stones-Graphic-Designer-Cover-Letter.doc Graham-Brown-Resume-Mechanic.pdf

This may look very long if your name is very long or the job title. So, to handle that you can use the following tips:

• Do not use your middle name while naming the cover letter or resume
• If the job title is long, take a call and judge whether to put it in the file name or not
• You can use the acronym of cover letter, for example Shenny-James-HR-Generalist-CL.pdf , but in this case, write the document type in the last as shown in the example
• Or you can also use the ‘camel case’, i.e use the entire name without spaces, hyphens, or underscores and keeping the initial letter in capital, for example, JerryJones-WebDesigner-CoverLetter.docx

First name first vs the Last name first

[ Back to Table of Content ] Some companies use the first name to sort their candidate while some use the last name. Since we do not know their approach, try to stick to the first name first followed by the last name.

How to format a cover letter name?

[ Back to Table of Content ] Sorting the name part is done, but there are a lot of other things than the name of a cover letter. Like capitalization, separation, special characters, etc.

Here are a few tips and cover letter name examples to help you with this.

Uppercase vs. Lower case letters vs. First Letters Capitalization

[ Back to Table of Content ]

Let us start with the first case, all uppercase letters. Uppercasing all letters of a file name may seem annoying or maybe loud in some scenarios. Have a look:

FREDY-WHITE-WEB-DESIGNER-COVER-LETTER.pdf

It adds unnecessary length to the cover letter name and is not particularly soothing to the eyes either. In this case, staying away from using uppercase letters exclusively will be your best bet.

Coming to the second case, i.e using all lowercase letters. This is the most common practice, and while it may seem okay to you, it will earn you the lazy tag from your recruiter. The file name lacks a sense of authority in itself. Have a look at the example below:

jennifer-dickson-operations-manager-cover-letter.docx

The last case is capitalizing only the initial letters. Using this approach is the best way to name your cover letter or resume. You might have noticed that in all the examples in this blog we have used this approach. Here is another example for your reference:

Charles-Markle-Business-Analyst-Cover-Letter.pdf

This is more effective and on the safer side.

Separating words in a cover letter name or resume name

[ Back to Table of Content ] Why do we need separators if we can simply put spaces between the letters? This is a very common question that might come to your mind, but there is a reason for using separators in a cover letter name or resume title.

Whenever we save a file name with spaces, for example, Leena Ray Cover Letter.doc, it looks fine until it is fed in the Applicant Tracking System. The ATS fill in those spaces with some random characters when it becomes a URL. For example, applicant/Leena%20Ray%20Cover%20Letter.docx

Tacky, right?

To avoid this, always use hyphens or underscores in between the letters of a cover letter name or resume name.

Just take note of the consistency that is to be maintained while naming the documents.

For example, if you are using a hyphen then use it for all your document names. Have a look: James-Gray-Receptionist-Resume.doc James-Gray-Receptionist-Cover-Letter.doc James-Gray-Receptionist-References.doc

Use of special characters

[ Back to Table of Content ] Using special characters in a resume or cover letter name can create a mess in the ATS. Avoid using special characters such as an ampersand, apostrophe, comma, or dollar sign.

Use only English alphabets, dashes, or underscores.

Avoid version number

[ Back to Table of Content ] We know that you edit your cover letter or resume quite a few times and save it with the version number every time before you decide on the final one.

But, using version number against your resume would only lead to creating confusion for the recruiter. For example Kate-Johnson-Resume3.docx

To avoid this, save the final version in a different folder with a professional title and send it to the recruiter. This would also mitigate the chances of sending the wrong version of a cover letter or resume.

Best file format for the cover letter name or resume name

[ Back to Table of Content ] You may save your cover letter or resume in word format, pdf format, or even txt format. To choose from these options available, first, go through the job description.

Job postings sometimes mention the format in which they want your cover letter and resume. In such case provide the file in the format the job posting has asked for.

But if the posting does not mention the format then try to send your cover letter or resume in pdf format.

PDF format is compatible with all versions of windows as well as with iOS systems. So, there is zero probability of the distortion in the formatting of the document. :

How to save a word file as pdf?

[ Back to Table of Content ] To save a word file in pdf format follow these steps.

• Open the file that you want to save in pdf format
• Go to ‘ File ’
• Click on the ‘ Save as ’ option
• Choose ‘ PDF ’ format from the ‘ Save as type ’ list

Similar steps are involved if you want to change or save the document in other formats, for example, .doc, .docx, .txt, etc.

Key Takeaways

[ Back to Table of Content ] Here is a quick view of how to name a cover letter or resume file.

• Avoid using generic or default names such as resume.doc or untitled.pdf
• Use your first name first followed by your last name, unless mentioned otherwise
• Avoid using space, use hyphens or underscores instead
• Do not use version number against the document title
• Save the file in pdf format, or the format mentioned in the job description
• Do not use special characters such as ampersand or hashtags
• Proofread the title to avoid any typo or other silly mistakes

Go to Hiration career platform which has 24/7 chat support and get professional assistance with all your job & career-related queries. You can also write to us at [email protected] and we will make sure to reach out to you as soon as possible.

We can also help you with creating your resume and cover letter for your dream job. You can also use our Resume Review service. All you need to do is simply upload your existing resume on our Online Resume Builder and get insights from professionals on what changes you can make in your resume to make it shortlist-worthy.

Or you can avail yourself of our Hiration LinkedIn Profile Review service to get professional reviews from experts for your LinkedIn profile and make a statement on the professional platform.

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How to Name a Resume & Cover Letter File?

William Shakespeare famously wrote the line “What’s in a name?” in his play, Romeo and Juliet. Everything, it seems, when it comes to naming your resume and cover letter files. How you name your resume and cover letter speaks volumes to a potential recruiter.

Picture this : you are a recruiter yourself and have just received an application from someone who couldn’t seem to care enough to pay attention to details. Would you consider the application? Probably not. It’s just how the human mind works. Presentation is key when it comes to forming impressions. When you are applying for a job you want to make the best impression possible.

When it comes to your resume file name, think of it as your digital handshake.

In this guide, we’ll cover :

• Importance of a Resume File Name
• How to choose a Resume name and Cover Letter Name with Examples

Tips on Choosing the Perfect Resume File Name

How to save your resume & cover letter files, 10 common resume file name mistakes to avoid, the importance of a resume file name.

There are a few reasons why it is important to give your resume a specific file name.

• It can help you stand out from the competition – If all of the resumes for a job are named “resume.doc” or “resume.pdf,” yours will stand out if you name it something different. Imagine just how many people make this common mistake leaving recruiters with the painful task of opening each file to figure out which resume belongs to whom. According to surveys, at least a third of the people name their files just resume.doc. Don’t fall in that category.
• It makes it easier for employers to find your resume – If you have a specific file name for your resume, employers will be able to easily find it when they are conducting a job search. How you name your resume file will also affect how a recruiter will store and contact you about potential job opportunities.
• It helps you keep track of your resumes – If you have multiple versions of your resume, it can be helpful to keep track of them by giving each one a specific file name. This will help you avoid accidentally sending the wrong resume to a potential employer. By naming your resume files something different, like “resume_johnsmith.doc” and “resume_johnsmith_nov2022.doc,” you’ll be able to easily keep track of which one is the most recent.

What to Name your Resume and Cover Letter File?

If you want your file to stay in the records, it is recommended you name your resume using your name. It is the best way to distinguish your document amidst the scores of applications that recruiters receive on a daily basis. Saving your document with your name allows a hiring manager to identify it at a glance.

What should I name my resume file?

1. YourName-Document

• For example if your name is Robert Smith and resume can be named as – Robert-Smith-Resume.docx
• For example if your name is Robert Smith and Cover letter can be named as – Robert-Smith-Cover-Letter.docx

2. YourName-JobTitle-Document

For example if your name is James Campbell and if you are applying for a Accounting Analyst position then you resume can be named as – James-Campbell-Accounting-Analyst-Resume.docx

It is recommended that you name your cover letter document the same way as well.

When you’re choosing a resume file name, you want to make sure that it’s professional and easy to remember. You also want to make sure that it’s different from the file names of other resumes that are being submitted for the same job.

Here are a few tips for choosing a resume file name:

1. Use your Full Name – One of the best ways to choose a resume file name is to use your full name. This will help the hiring manager remember your name and it will also show that you’re a professional.

2. Use your email address – Another way to choose a resume file name is to use your email address. This will also help the hiring manager remember your name and it will show that you’re a professional.

3. Use your job title – If you’re not sure what to name your resume file, you can use your job title. This will help the hiring manager know what position you’re applying for.

4. Use the company’s name – If you’re applying for a job at a specific company, you can use the company’s name in your resume file name. This will show the hiring manager that you’re interested in the company and that you’ve done your research.

5. Use the date – If you’re applying for a job that you’ve applied for before, you can use the date in your resume file name. This will help you keep track of which version of your resume you submitted to which company.

6. Use a file extension –  If you want to use something other than your name or your email address, you can use a file extension. A file extension is the three letters at the end of a file name, like “.doc” or “.pdf.” This will help the hiring manager know what type of file they’re looking at.

7. Separating Words in a Cover Letter and Resume File Name – Seperate the words in your file name using hyphens or underscores. Separate first letter of last word in cover letter and resume title with hyphen or underscore (_).

8. Capitalize First Letters vs. Using Lowercase : Do not capitalize the complete file name of your resume. When naming your cover letters and resumes, use title case file names ( capitalizing only the first letter of each word) to keep your formatting consistent across documents.

9. Avoid Special Characters in Resume & Cover Letter Names – Avoid using special characters and stick to English Alphabet letters (A-Z) and Numbers as they don’t work very well with most applicant tracking systems and desktops.

10. Avoid dates in a file name – Simply use your full name and specify whether it is a resume or cover letter when saving your document. It is the most clutter-free and professional approach.

Atlast, When you are proofreading your resume or cover letter don’t forget to also proofread your file name. You don’t want basic errors slipping in to ruin all the hard work you’ve put in to create the most compelling candidate profile for yourself. It pays to pay attention to detail.

A Word document or a PDF is the most widely accepted format when submitting a resume . Unless a recruiter or hiring manager specifies otherwise and requests for a different file format you need not worry.

Often an employer will tell you how they want your resume to be submitted. Try and stick to stipulations for a better shot at being considered for the position.

It is also a good idea to save your resume in both PDF and Word document formats so you have them ready to go depending on what is required at the time of applying.

For Word Document : Use Microsoft Word to create a new document and click on Save As to get a .doc version of your resume.

For PDF : Depending on the software you are using, you should be able to Print to Adobe PDF to save your resume as a PDF. In case your software does not support that, you could use one of the free PDF converter programs available online.

• Don’t send in a resume file name that is simply called Resume.doc.
• Recruiters and hiring managers receive several resumes each day. They simply do not have the time or patience to sift through 50 of them titled Resume.doc trying to figure which belongs to whom.
• Name your resume file using your full name. There are bound to be several Rachels, Michaels, Divyas out there. You don’t want to leave your recruiter frustrated trying to figure out which resume file belongs to whom.
• While you are at it, don’t forget to specify what the document actually is. For instance, simply naming it Rachel-Green.doc does not tell recruiters what the document is. And honestly, nobody has the patience to figure it out for themselves either. Instead, write Rachel Green-Resume.doc to lend clarity.
• Avoid file names such as Rachel-Resume-Updated.doc. Recruiters sure hope you are sending them an updated version; there is no need to spell it out.
• File names such as Rachel-Resume-Last.doc or Rachel-Resume-2020.doc are even worse than those that state they have been updated or revised. When you are sending in a resume file ensure you are sending the final version. Don’t send revised or last versions. Similarly, it is best if you leave out the year or month in a file name. Including it only makes it look dated.
• Resumes that are named SRK-Resume.doc aren’t of much help to recruiters and hiring managers either. They really do not have the time to try and figure out who those initials belong to. Keep it simple and just write out your full name.
• Do provide spacing or hyphens between words when creating a resume file name. Crunching it all together (RachelGreenResume.doc) makes it hard to read.
• While naming your file AVOID all caps. For instance, a file name that says ARCH-Resume.doc could leave the recruiter wondering if ARCH is an acronym for something. Stick to Title Case or Sentence Case as is applicable to dispel all doubts.
• Coming up with quirky file names is a big NO when you are on a job hunt. You don’t want to begin your job search on the wrong foot and you definitely want potential recruiters, hiring managers and employers to take you seriously.

Everyone wants to craft the ideal resume to maximize their chances of landing the perfect job. Since great attention is paid to the details in the content of a resume and cover letter, it is only imperative that the same amount of attention be paid when naming your resume and cover letter files. You don’t want to have a great resume that is let down by a badly named document. Your aim at every step of the way should be to maximize the chances of your job application being picked up so that you can turn on the charm and intelligence in the next step… the interview.

What should I save my resume as?

The ideal way to title your resume would be to use your full name (not just first or last name), followed by the document type (whether it is a resume or cover letter). Alternately, you could also name it using your full name, followed by job description, and then the document type.

Does resume file format matter? What format is best?

Yes, the resume file format does matter. It might often be the last thing we think of when crafting a resume and applying for a job. However, the format you choose does matter. Word documents and PDFs are the most widely accepted formats. These are the more commonly used formats by most people. You don’t want to be in a situation where your recruiter or hiring manager cannot access your resume due to an incorrect file format.

How do I organize resume files?

If this is for your personal reference then it is best to name your resume file using dates. This will help you identify the latest version of your resume. You could also organize your resume files using company names in the file name to help you figure out which job posting you had used that resume version for.

Just remember to omit the date and company name when sending the resume to a recruiter or hiring manager.

Should I put my resume in a folder?

When you arrive for an interview be sure to carry your resume in a folder to keep it crisp and in order. You don’t want to hand out a resume that has folds, tears or stains. It’s just not professional. Ideally, your folder should also have slots to house other important documents such as diplomas, mark sheets, and certificates, should a prospective employer want to see them during the course of the interview.

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How To Name Your Resume File & Cover Letter

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When applying for jobs, it's important to name your resume file and cover letter files professionally. This will ensure that your documents are easily found by employers and recruiters, and make a good first impression .

Why It's Important To Name Your Resume File

When applying for jobs, it is important to name your resume and cover letter files in a way that will make them easily found by employers and recruiters. This first step in the job application process is often overlooked, but it's important to take the time to do it right.

In this post, we'll cover everything you need to know including:

• 6 tips for naming your resume and cover letter files
• 6 mistakes you should avoid when naming your resume
• Example resume and cover letter names

6 Tips For Naming Your Resume And Cover Letter

Some tips for naming your resume and cover letter files:

Tip #1: Use your name as the file name

• JohnSmithResume.doc
• JohnPSmithResume.doc

This might seem obvious, but it's important to name your resume file in a way that can easily be found by recruiters. If your name is common, consider using your middle initial as well.

Tip #2: Use a consistent name for both your resume and cover letter files

• JohnSmithCoverLetter.doc

This will help recruiters and hiring managers to locate your files quickly, rather than have to search through a sea of documents.

Tip #3: If you have multiple versions of your resume or cover letter, include the date or the version of your resume

• JohnSmithResume2.doc
• JohnSmithResume_051822.doc

This will help you keep track of your documents, and make it easier for employers to find the most recent version.

Tip #4: Use keywords in your file name

• JohnSmithResume_MarketingManager.doc

When employers are searching for resumes, they will often use keywords related to the position they are hiring for. By including keywords in your file name, you will make it easier for employers to find your resume.

Tip #5: Use a simple and professional file name, and avoid using special characters or spaces

• JohnSmithResume.doc instead of John$mith1995.doc

Tip #6: Make sure the file name indicates what document it is

• JohnSmithResume.doc not just Resume.doc

Following these tips will ensure that your documents are easily found and make a good first impression on potential employers.

6 Mistakes You Should Avoid When You Name Your Resume File

When applying for jobs, it's important to name your resume and cover letter files professionally. This will ensure that your documents are easily found by employers and recruiters, and make a good first impression. Here are some mistakes you should avoid when naming your resume file:

#1: Don't use your name as the file name.

If you have a common name, there may be many other files with similar names, making it difficult to locate your documents. One of the most common mistakes people make is using just their name as the file name. This may seem like a good idea, but it can actually make your documents harder to find.

#2: Don't use a different name for your resume and cover letter files.

Here's another example where it can become confusing for employers and recruiters, and may make it difficult for them to find your documents. It's important to use the same name for both files, so they can easily be found together.

Good Example: JohnSmithResume.doc JohnSmithCoverLetter.doc Bad Example: JohnSmithResume.doc SmithJohnCoverLetter.doc

#3: If you have multiple versions of your resume or cover letter, don't forget to include a version number in the file name.

If you have multiple versions of your resume or cover letter, it's also important to include a version number in the file name. This will help employers and recruiters to easily find the most recent version of your document. This will help employers and recruiters to easily find the most recent version of your document.

#4: Avoid using special characters or spaces in the file name.

This can make it more difficult to find your documents. Make sure the file name clearly indicates what document it is, so there is no confusion.

#5: Don't name your files something generic like “Resume.doc”

This may seem like a good idea, but it's actually one of the worst things you can do. Employers and recruiters receive hundreds, if not thousands, of resumes, so you want to make sure your document stands out. Naming your file something generic like “Resume.doc” is a sure way to blend in with the rest of the applicant pool.

#6: Don't name your files something too creative or unusual

While you want your file name to be unique, you don't want it to be too creative or unusual. This can make it more difficult for employers and recruiters to find your document, and may give them the impression that you're not professional. Stick to a simple and professional file name, and avoid using special characters or spaces.

If you utilize the following methods, you'll be able to quickly locate and make a favorable first impression on prospective employers.

Example Resume And Cover Letter File Names

Here are some examples of professional resume file names:

• JohnSmithCoverLetter2.doc
• Resume_JohnSmith.doc
• CoverLetter_JohnSmith.doc

As you can see, these file names are simple and professional, and make it easy for employers to find the document they're looking for.

When it comes to your resume and cover letter, first impressions are everything. Use our resume builder to create a resume that will help you get noticed by employers, and name your files in a way that will make it easy for them to find.

Creating a professional resume and cover letter can be a challenge, but with our tips, you'll be able to create documents that will help you get noticed by employers.

Final Thoughts

When applying for jobs, it's important to name your resume and cover letter files in a way that will make them easily found by employers and recruiters.

Interested in how you can stand out from other candidates? Check out our guide on How To Create A Value Validation Project ! It's packed with examples of projects that you can create to blow the recruiter and hiring manager away!

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Austin Belcak

Austin is the founder of Cultivated Culture where he helps people land jobs without connections, without traditional experience, and without applying online. His strategies have been featured in Forbes, Business Insider, & Fast Company and has helped people just like you land jobs at Google, Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, Twitter, & more.

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How to Name a Resume File and Cover Letter (+Examples)

Discover essential tips on 'how to name a resume file' to make a strong first impression. simplify your approach for maximum impact and stand out professionally in your job application process..

Does the filename of your resume and cover letter really matter when it comes to a potential employer's first impression, or is it just a non-factor?And if it does matter, what should you name your resume file?

In this newsletter issue, we'll dive into the do's and don'ts of naming your resume and cover letter, emphasizing the importance of creating a good impression even before your resume is opened.

Let's discuss first whether the proper naming of your resume and cover letter files actually matters and when it is most significant.

This week, I came across three LinkedIn posts recommending how people should name their resume files to create a lasting impression.

These were their recommendations:

[Name][Position You Applied For].pdf

[Name][Role/Position][Date]_[Keywords].pdf

[Surname]-[Company Name].pdf

Even though these three posts made many points about what you need to do and why you need to do that, none of them provided any studies or surveys to back up their statement.

I get their intention to help job seekers, but tips without any data or real experience are as useful as tips that tell job seekers they need to use an ATS resume template to avoid being rejected by ATS.

Most recruiters (I would even say 99.9%!) don’t care about the resumes' filenames. That’s because the resumes they receive via career pages, job portals, or LinkedIn are accessible via ATS systems, and they don’t actually download them from there; they simply click on the preview to access the resume.

The file name of your resume might only have an impact on the recipient if they receive your resume via email, LinkedIn, or if recruiters add it to an interview invitation with the interviewer.

How to Name a Resume File

The significance of a resume file name goes beyond just a title; it reflects your professionalism and overall approach to your job search.

A well-named file can easily stand out in a sea of "Resume_V1.pdf", "Job_Application.pdf" or "Profile.pdf."

The Misconception of Adding a Role or Date to Your Resume Name:

While adding position, date or your current role might seem like a good idea, trust me, it's NOT.

Here's why:

Bias and Role: Adding your desired role might unintentionally introduce bias. This might not only pigeonhole you into a specific category but also restrict potential employers from considering you for roles you might be apt for but haven't specifically mentioned.

Redundancy of Dates: What about adding the date? Big mistake! A date can quickly make your application seem outdated. Imagine you've been job hunting for a while, and your resume still says "April 1st" in September. It gives the impression that you're still on the market or you were looking for a job in April and now you are searching again. This could have the same effect on people as those career gaps in your resume.

The Misconception of Adding Keywords: It might be tempting to stuff your resume file name with industry-specific keywords, thinking it might give you an edge. But ask yourself: How would something like this "jan-tegze-sourcing.recruitment.ATS.pdf" be beneficial? It's cluttered, confusing, and detracts from the main content. It adds zero value to anyone, especially when most recruiters and hiring managers are looking for clarity and simplicity.

Including keywords in the filename won't give you any extra points, because ATS doesn't really care about it at all. It's more interested in the content and keywords inside your resume.

Why Keeping it Simple is Key

Simplicity often speaks volumes, especially when it comes to naming files. The aim is to ensure the recipient can easily identify the document, know its content, and, more importantly, recognize whose document it is.

There's no need to overcomplicate things. Stick to a simple format like "First-Last.pdf" or just "FirstLast.pdf". Remember, your resume's content is where you should be showcasing your skills, experiences, and fit for the role, not in the file name.

In a nutshell, your resume file name should be a beacon of clarity amidst the chaos. It's a representation of your organizational skills and your respect for the recipient's time and effort.

How to Name a Cover Letter File

Much like your resume, your cover letter holds immense value in your job application process. Its naming convention should be equally straightforward.

Consistency is Crucial: If you've named your resume "JanTegze_Resume.pdf", then a cover letter can simply be "JanTegze_CoverLetter.pdf". This consistency ensures that when a hiring manager downloads both files, they appear consecutively in their folder or download bar.

Avoid Repetition: There's no need to reiterate the role or the date in the cover letter file name if you've avoided them in your resume name. Remember, simplicity and clarity are key.

Differentiating from Resume: Ensure there’s a clear distinction between your resume and cover letter. Using terms like "CoverLetter" or "CL" can help in easy identification. The last thing you want is for a hiring manager to open your cover letter expecting your resume or vice versa.

The takeaway here is straightforward: naming your documents appropriately is not just a formality but an opportunity to make a strong, organized first impression. Stick to simplicity, consistency, and clarity.

Examples: Right vs. Wrong

A practical understanding often stems from seeing what works and what doesn't. Here are some comparative examples of how to name a resume file and cover letter files:

Example 1: Resume

Right: JanTegze.pdf or JanTegze-Resume.pdf (JanTegze_Resume.pdf)

Wrong: JanTegze-Sourcing.Recruitment.ATS.pdf

Sure, you can use different variations of your name like: JanTegze, jantegze, Jan.Tegze, or Jan-Tegze for your resume. Just keep it simple!

Example 2: Cover Letter

Right: JanTegze_CoverLetter.pdf

Wrong: JanTegze-Marketing-Director-April-01.pdf

These examples illustrate the principle of keeping things simple and straightforward. Over-complicating file names not only makes them harder to read but can also detract from the document's content.

As you can see in the image, the first line is quite generic . Moreover, if more people are using Resume.pdf, with each download that recruiter does, your resume will end up being named Resume(4).pdf or Resume(6).pdf, and so on. This won't create a good impression when recruiters add those resumes to calendar invitations.

Last Thoughts

Your resume and cover letter are primary tools that showcase your skills, experience, and fit for a role. Understand that the first impression starts even before these documents are opened - it begins with the filename.

A unique resume name is not about standing out with a flashy title, but about clear, concise, and professional presentation.

Remember, when contemplating how to name a resume file , think about the individual at the other end. You want to make their task easy, clear, and free of any presumptions. Let your content shine and be the hero of your application, not an overly complicated file name.

In the realm of job applications, simplicity is sophistication. Your file name is a reflection of this principle. So, the next time you're about to send out that job resume file , pause for a moment and ensure it's named to impress, simply.

If you found this newsletter issue helpful, don't hesitate to share it with your own network.

How to Increase Your Chances of Getting an Interview with a Recruiter

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6 Templates for Emails to Hiring Managers

💡Extra Tips for Perfecting Your File Names

You already know how to properly name your resume and cover letter files, but there’s more to consider:

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What Should You Name Your Resume File? (with Resume Name Examples)

Resume file name, how to correctly name your resume file, resume name examples, additional resume naming tips, the importance of your resume file’s name, similar posts, how far back should a resume go in 2023, how to make a resume on google docs in 2023, 7 resume myths to stop believing (infographic), best resume paper for 2023, resume cheat sheet (infographic), can you get hired without a resume.

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How To Write A Cover Letter For A Job In 2023 (With Examples)

• How To Write A Cover Letter
• When Is A Cover Letter Necessary
• Free Cover Letter Templates
• Cover Letter Mistakes To Avoid
• Cover Letter Tips
• How To Sell Yourself In A Cover Letter

Find a Job You Really Want In

Cover letters aren’t required with every application, but the majority of managers pay more attention to a candidate who includes a cover letter. This is especially so if you make an effort to tailor your letter to the specific position. It’s important not to just change the names and job positions, but also to show how your professional experience fits with the job.

A good cover letter greatly increases your chance of getting an interview. If you’re looking to write a cover letter, rework a letter that you have, or just want to know what’s involved in the job application process, then keep reading.

Key Takeaways:

A cover letter should be a maximum of one page long, with three to five paragraphs.

Before writing your cover letter, it’s important to reread the job description and include keywords from it.

Do research to figure out who you are addressing, and make sure to keep your greeting gender neutral if you don’t know.

Tailoring your resume to each job can help you stand out from other candidates.

What is a cover letter?

Why cover letters are important, how to write a cover letter, cover letter examples, cover letter template, do’s and don’ts in a cover letter, cover letter faq, expert opinion.

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A cover letter is a one-page document that describes your professional background, fitness for the role, and interest in the company. Cover letters are a way of introducing yourself to hiring managers in a more engaging way than resumes can.

While your resume spells out the “who, what, where, when” of your relevant experience, a cover letter fills in the “why” and “how.” A good cover letter not only expands on your resume’s accomplishments but also highlights the soft skills that make you an excellent person to work alongside.

While there are no official formatting guidelines for cover letters, hiring managers and recruiters do have certain expectations regarding structure, length, and content.

Writing a good cover letter is important because it is your chance to stand out from other potential candidates. Showing your personality while also matching the tone of the company will help recruiters to visualize how you could fit into the role.

Simply submitting a cover letter isn’t enough though. Each cover letter you write should be specifically tailored to the job you’re applying for (just like resumes). It’s essential that you show the reader that you’ve done your homework and understand exactly what function you’d be serving if hired. You do that by providing examples of past work experiences that directly relate to the responsibilities of the new job.

Cover letters are inherently unique based on who’s writing them and for what position. However, as a cover letter is a business letter, it has an expected format that it should follow. This is important because you want the hiring manager to be able to look over your cover letter quickly and understand your qualifications and interest in the position.

Here’s the standard way that a cover letter should be formatted and what to include:

The header. The header of your letter is where you should input all of the contact information for yourself and the hiring manager . Do you best to address it directly to the person who’ll be reading the letter — typically either the hiring manager or HR manager.

Traditionally, you should include both your name and address and the employer’s name and address. However, as the majority of applications are online, the employer’s address is often omitted. But a traditional cover letter’s heading would look like this:

Page Roman 444 Frog Rd. Marigold, TX, 10987 August 27th, 2021 Chris Morgan Marketing Manager New Media Company 833 Rune Rd. Marigold, TX, 10987

If you’re emailing your cover letter, you can simply include your name, telephone number, email address, and fewer address details (just your city and state will suffice). You can also include a zip code if you live in a big city with multiple zip codes.

Jessica Dancer jessica. dancer @email.email | (555)-444-3333 | Colombus, OH 43110

Be sure to use a professional-sounding email address that’s not associated with your current or past employer. It’s disrespectful to both your current employer and the company you’re applying to, and will likely hurt your chances of being invited for an interview.

The greeting or salutation. Traditionally, the best salutation would be to use Dear Mr./Ms. [Last Name]. Make sure that you know the person’s gender when doing this, however, as you don’t want to misgender the hiring manager. Using “Dear [First Name] [Last Name]” is becoming more popular for this reason, patriotically among younger workers.

Dear Mr. Morgan, Dear Mrs. Smith Dear Ms. Conner

Avoid using generic greetings such as “To whom it may concern” as it’ll look like you didn’t bother to personalize the letter (even if you did.) That particular phrase has become somewhat controversial as well, so if you need to put a generic address — if you can’t find the hiring manager’s name, for instance — use something else, such as:

Dear Hiring Manager Dear [Department] Manager Dear [Title of the Person You’d Report to if Hired] Dear [Department] Hiring Team

Opening paragraph. The opening of your professional cover letter should instantly grab the attention of your reader . Try to lead off with one of your most relevant and impressive accomplishments.

Open strong . Open with a statement other than your name or stating your interest in the position. Lead with an interesting experience or achievement that directly relates to the new position.

Convey your personal value. There are always other qualified applicants with similar skills, so it is key to express why you personally would bring value to the organization. Give specific details as to the value you brought in a previous position, and how that could transfer to the new role.

Show your enthusiasm. Recruiters want to hire candidates who are excited about the position. Express enthusiasm and convey why you are passionate about the role. This is another opportunity to share a quick personal anecdote related to the job.

Keep it short. All of these points in your opening paragraph shouldn’t be more than a sentence or two each. You don’t want your introduction to be too long, as you want the reader to be able to quickly go through your cover letter.

As a Content Writer with a passion for travel and literature, I was thrilled to see the Senior Content Writer position open up at BookFly. My past experience driving organic traffic by 23% YoY to the travel website, XTravel, would translate perfectly into the position’s stated goals from the job description.

First body paragraph. Here is where you should really sell yourself across several areas. Showcase how your personality traits, such as being honest or having the ability to work under pressure, make you a good fit.

Emphasize transferable skills. Explain how the skills you’ve cultivated make you the perfect fit for the role. This can include collaborative work you’ve done in the past, a leadership role you had that drove results, or interpersonal skills.

Revisit the job description. Make sure to pull relevant skills from the job description and put them in your cover letter. If the hiring manager spent the time to list those skills, they’re going to be looking for candidates that have them.

It also helps with applicant tracking systems that may sift through cover letters looking for keywords.

Don’t skimp on personality traits. These are especially important if you don’t have a lot of experience. Desirable skills such as ambition, dedication, and getting work done on time are good for both entry-level positions and if you’re making a career change.

I have a passion for content creation and a deep understanding of the content cycle, from ideation to promotion. My years in the digital publishing world have crafted my ability to drive killer CTR and resonate with an audience. Not only did CTR jump by 2.1% in the months after I was brought on board, but it had a knock-on effect on social media engagement, which rose by 8% in the same time frame. I believe good content has its roots in good data. This is why while at Media Company I created a content-marketing dashboard to highlight KPIs like those mentioned above. The dashboard allowed us to take advantage of wins more rapidly and avoid repeating losses.

Second body paragraph. Just as an employer wants to know why you’d want the role, they also want to know why you’d want to work at their company. Do your research and learn more about the core values of the company. Discuss how they align with your own.

Check the company’s website but also start to explore LinkedIn for greater insights. Employers want to make sure that you fit into the overall culture, and this is also something you should consider for yourself. However you feel you fit into the work culture, explain to the recruiter why. Paint a picture of how you’ll be better from the company, and how the company will also benefit.

I thrive in a fast-paced environment and excel at creating structures from scratch. I spearheaded our SEO efforts, developing workflows and systems to ramp up content production from zero. BookFly’s commitment to core values of “collaboration and imagination” aligns with my own preferred approach to tackling projects and dreaming of big ideas.

Closing. The closing of your letter is your final impression to the hiring manager, and therefore should clearly express your eagerness to take on the position. You don’t need to rehash all of the accomplishments and skills highlighted in previous sections. Consider this more of a statement of intent.

First, express gratitude that they took the time to consider you for the job by making it all the way through your letter. Then, quickly remind them of the benefits that you can bring to the role and company.

Finally, your closing should state a clear call-to-action (CTA) for the recruiter to take next, such as calling you to schedule an interview. Being confident and direct at the end of your cover letter helps to close the deal.

I look forward to learning more about how the Senior Content Writer operates within BookFly and the current content process. Thank you for taking the time to consider my application. Sincerely, Jessica Dancer

With thousands of cover letter templates on the internet, you want to make sure you choose the right one. Here’s a basic format of what a good cover letter will contain:

Jessica Dancer [email protected] | (555)-444-3333 | Colombus, OH 43110 Dear Mr. Morgan, As a Content Writer with a passion for travel and literature, I was thrilled to see the Senior Content Writer position open up at BookFly. My past experience driving organic traffic by 23% YoY to the travel website, XTravel, would translate perfectly into the position’s stated goals from the job description. I have a passion for content creation and a deep understanding of the content cycle, from ideation to promotion. My years in the digital publishing world have crafted my ability to drive killer CTR and resonate with an audience. Not only did CTR jump by 2.1% in the months after I was brought on board, but it had a knock-on effect on social media engagement, which rose by 8% in the same time frame. I believe good content has its roots in good data. This is why while at Media Company I created a content-marketing dashboard to highlight KPIs like those mentioned above. The dashboard allowed us to take advantage of wins more rapidly and avoid repeating losses. I thrive in a fast-paced environment and excel at creating structures from scratch. I spearheaded our SEO efforts, developing workflows and systems to ramp up content production from zero. BookFly’s commitment to core values of “collaboration and imagination” aligns with my own preferred approach to tackling projects and dreaming of big ideas. I look forward to learning more about how the Senior Content Writer operates within BookFly and the current content process. Thank you for taking the time to consider my application. Sincerely, Jessica Dancer

If you’re putting the cover letter in an email, you can omit putting the contact information at the top and instead include it below your signature. You want to make sure to include your name, phone number, and LinkedIn link, as well as a professional portfolio , if applicable.

Dear hiring manager: I am writing about the position of veterinary receptionist at Pet Care Clinic posted on indeed.com. I am a certified dog trainer with both Petsmart and Petco, allowing me insight into animal behavior. I’m also an aspiring novelist , making me a fast, experienced typist as well as adept with Microsoft Word and Apple Pages. Since I’ve worked at pet stores for several years, I am familiar with different kinds of animal and animal care, as well as building a rapport with pet owners. While I enjoy working with animals and my coworkers, I would like to move into a business where I can continue to learn and build on my experience. I would also like to work for a smaller business. Veterinary medicine has always interested me, and I very much enjoy learning new things. I’m eager to learn more about it in order to help customers make the best choices for their pets. I’ve always enjoyed working with animals, even before I was able to get a job that allowed me to. I grew up with dogs and cats, so I’m comfortable and familiar with their behavior. Being a pet owner myself, I’m able to understand what customers are looking for in a veterinary clinic and tailor the experience to their needs. Thank you for your time and I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Michelle Bolivar Email: [email protected] Phone: (555) 545-9706

[your contact information] [date] Dear [Hiring Manager], I’m writing to apply for the open [position] at [company] that you posted [place job ad was found]. I believe that my [relevant experience] would be an excellent fit with [company name]. I have long been interested in [specific industry/department], and particularly your company because [why you’re interested in the company/awards they have won/accomplishments]. That experience and [relevant skills] that I’ve cultivated as a [current position] for [time worked in position or industry] will be an asset to the company as it’ll make me effective [at the job/particular aspect of the job]. The [responsibilities required in the job description] will be a [challenge/interesting task] and I look forward to making use of my [relevant skills]. I excel at [working with a team/working alone] and I want to use my expertise to further [company’s] success. I am excited about the possibilities this position holds, and I believe that my qualifications ensure I’d be an asset to your team. I look forward to being able to further discuss the details of the position and my qualifications with you in an interview. Please let me know if you require further information from me. Thank you for your time and I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, [Your name] [Your contact information (if it’s an email)

Knowing the proper format of a cover letter is the most important factor, of course, but there are some additional dos and don’ts that if you follow can make your cover letter better. It’s during the editing process, it’s important to go over and make sure that you haven’t made any common mistakes that’ll hurt your chances.

Here are 10 dos and don’ts for writing a good cover letter:

Do’s:

Do start by scanning the original job posting for keywords you can include in your letter.

Do be proud of your accomplishments and make sure to highlight them.

Do clearly express why you would be an asset to the organization.

Do tailor your cover letter to every hiring manager and position that you apply for.

Do try to find unique experiences, but make sure to always discuss measurable and relevant results.

Don’ts:

Don’t feel the need to lie about your skills or accomplishments. One of the worst mistakes to make is being caught in a lie.

Don’t copy and paste a template and only change your name and job titles. Recruiters will not see the value in a plug-in-play cover letter that has been used by multiple applicants.

Don’t forget to be direct and include a call to action.

Don’t make your cover letter too long. Similar to your resume, you want the reader to sum up who you are and get a quick explanation of why you’re a good fit.

Don’t forget to proofread. Grammatical errors on a cover letter and resume are a quick way to get your packet in the “no pile”.

What do you write in a cover letter?

In a cover letter, you should mostly write about impressive accomplishments from past jobs or academic experiences that relate to the job you’re applying for.

What is the purpose of cover letter?

The purpose of a cover letter is to help a hiring manager see why your background makes you suitable for the role in question. While a resume lists achievements, educational background , and skills , it doesn’t give the reader an idea of your actual expertise or personality.

A cover letter allows you to share your approach to work, as well as your ability to communicate your value effectively. A good cover letter makes it easy for a reader to think “I could imagine this person working for us.”

How do you write a simple cover letter?

To write a simple cover letter, start with the header and greeting we outlined above. Next, state your interest in the position (give the exact job title as listed in the job description) and mention your years of industry/job experience.

To keep your cover letter simple, you can now briefly mention in 1-2 sentences or 3-4 bullet points what parts of your background are most important for the hiring manager.

Finally, thank the reader for considering your application, and sign off as usual (e.g., “Sincerely, [full name]”).

What is the best way to start a cover letter?

The best way to start a cover letter is with an accomplishment that speaks directly to your ability to provide value for the company. Other good strategies include describing your long-standing passion for the field, mentioning an important reference at the company, or referring specifically to challenges the company is currently facing.

Do you introduce yourself in a cover letter?

No, you do not introduce yourself in a cover letter. By that we mean you do not say “My name is so-and-so” — you simply jump into your background and why you’re interested in the position.

Your name can be found at the bottom of the cover letter, as well as the header, your email address, and your resume, so there’s no need to force it awkwardly into your cover letter’s opening.

How do you end a cover letter?

To end a cover letter, thank the reader for their time and/or consideration, express enthusiasm for further correspondence and conversation, and sign off with a standard closing like “Sincerely.”

How long should a cover letter be?

A cover letter should be a maximum of one page long, with three to five paragraphs. Half a page is the shortest that your cover letter should be.

Harvard Business Review — How to Write a Cover Letter

University of Washington — Writing the Cover Letter

What’s a quick cover letter tip?

Michael Akbar Vice President Certified Professional Career Coach

Use your six seconds to show the employer in a tailored cover letter and resume that you understand their pain and will make their lives better if put in the position.

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Chris Kolmar is a co-founder of Zippia and the editor-in-chief of the Zippia career advice blog. He has hired over 50 people in his career, been hired five times, and wants to help you land your next job. His research has been featured on the New York Times, Thrillist, VOX, The Atlantic, and a host of local news. More recently, he's been quoted on USA Today, BusinessInsider, and CNBC.

Matt Warzel a President of a resume writing firm (MJW Careers, LLC) with 15+ years of recruitment, outplacement, career coaching and resume writing experience. Matt is also a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) and Certified Internet Recruiter (CIR) with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (Marketing Focus) from John Carroll University.

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What Should You Name Your Cover Letter File

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It is recommended to name your cover letter file using the following format: "Your Name - Cover Letter for [Job Title] at [Company Name]" This makes it clear, professional, and easy for the employer to find and identify.

Example: "John Doe - Cover Letter for Marketing Manager at XYZ Company."

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Free cover letter templates

Stand out and get hired faster with our collection of free professional cover letter templates expertly-designed to land you the perfect position.

Reviewed by the community. Trusted by professionals

General cover letter template.

A general cover letter template is the perfect starting point for writing your next job-winning cover letter. In the example below, you’ll find a cover letter that can be modified to suit just about any position or industry. 

Make sure to update it to include key examples from your own experience and education. Each cover letter is a chance to convince the employer that you’re the best candidate for their role, so make it count!

You’ve developed an excellent resume. What a relief! But you’re not finished with your job application package. It’s time to write a stellar cover letter. That blank page can be scary, but the tips below will help you grab that interview.

Why use our cover letter templates

Resume.io’s cover letter templates offer several advantages when it comes to completing your application and landing your next great position. We take pride in creating fresh and professional designs that stand out and make a positive first impression in today’s competitive job market. 

Here are a few reasons why our free cover letter templates are a cut above the rest:

• Expertly crafted templates: Our team of professional graphic designers is constantly creating and updating our templates to make sure they meet the needs of today’s job seekers. Our collection of templates ranges from minimalist and modern to bold and creative to ensure that we offer the perfect cover letter template for every candidate.
• Approved by recruiters: We work with career HR and recruitment professionals to make sure our cover letter templates meet the strict standards of today’s employers. We follow the latest hiring trends to update and adapt our cover letter templates for the needs of modern job seekers.
• Customize with ease: Not only do we provide expertly designed free cover letter templates, but we also offer an intuitive cover letter builder to help job seekers customize their application letters with ease. Our cover letter builder is easy-to-use and full of helpful features and advice to help you craft a cover letter that’s a cut above the rest.
• AI-powered tools: Even the best writers could use a hand sometimes. That’s why we’ve introduced AI-powered sample sentences that can be inserted directly within the cover letter builder and updated for your own experience. Our powerful spelling and grammar checker also helps to eliminate costly cover letter errors.

Most job applications specify whether they’d like to receive your cover letter as a PDF or Word Docx format. We’ve made it easy to download either option within our cover letter builder.

Choosing the right cover letter template

Every candidate and every position is unique, meaning the same cover letter won’t work for everyone. That’s why we’ve created an extensive collection of cover letter templates with designs ranging from clean and classic to modern and attention-grabbing. 

Within our cover letter builder, you can also easily switch from one template to another, meaning the perfect cover letter design is always within reach. Our free cover letter templates are divided into four categories:

• Simple: Our simple cover letter templates are go-to classics that can work for a wide variety of positions and applicants. These templates are best-suited for students and first-time job seekers, along with applicants working in fields like hospitality, transportation, logistics, and retail. Our simple templates are highly versatile and can serve as a great starting point for any cover letter.
• Modern: If fresh ideas and innovation are the keys to your industry, our modern cover letter templates are the right choice. These designs feature minimalistic lines, clean fonts, and a refreshing balance of white space to text. Our modern cover letter templates are perfect for candidates in IT, marketing, administration, and sales.
• Creative: If your industry or job title calls for a bold approach, look no further than our collection of creative cover letter templates . These designs feature bright colors, striking fonts, and larger-than-life headers to draw attention to your cover letter. Our creative cover letter templates are perfect for candidates in fields like film and television, design, photography, art, architecture, content creation, and any job where your personality should be in the spotlight.
• Professional: Sometimes, tried-and-true is the only option, and that’s where our professional templates come into play. These are classic designs with traditional font choices and the organized sections recruiters expect to see. When in doubt, a professional cover letter template is the way to go, especially in fields like business, medicine, education, engineering, accounting, and finance.

What makes a good cover letter template?

A good cover letter template is a combination of elements that work together to highlight and emphasize a candidate’s experience and qualifications for the role. 

Here are a few factors that make a good cover letter template:

Header: An excellent cover letter template features a header that draws attention to the applicant’s name and contact information. The header may be located at the top or on the side of the page, but it must contain key details like a phone number, email address, and LinkedIn profile or portfolio website.

Balance of white space to text: A great cover letter template is easy to read and carefully balances the amount of white space in the text to avoid visual fatigue for the reader. Paragraphs should be divided in a logical way, and margins should not be shrunk to cram in more text.

Font choice: The best cover letters use font styles and sizes that are both legible and appropriate for the industry or job title. A good cover letter builder eliminates the guesswork by automatically choosing the right font and size for the cover letter template.

Color or design elements: While not appropriate for every industry, a touch of color or a dividing line can help create a more attractive page design and make the candidate stand out in a crowded applicant pool. Resume.io’s cover letter templates that feature color give several options so that you can choose the hue that works best for your application.

Different jobs can require different cover letter formats , which is why we’ve made it easy to switch colors, line spacing, or even whole templates directly inside our cover letter builder.

Cover letter template frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What is a good format for a cover letter.

A good format for a cover letter is one that catches the hiring manager’s attention with an attractive layout, easy-to-read font, and clear and concise information about the candidate’s experience and qualifications.

What are the three parts of a cover letter?

The four parts of a cover letter are as follows:

• The greeting: The way the hiring manager is addressed at the start of the cover letter.  
• Introduction: The first one or two sentences that introduce the candidate and the role they are applying for.  
• Body: The main paragraphs of the cover letter where the candidate discusses their experience and the reasons why they’re right for the job.  
• Conclusion and sign-off: The final sentences that express interest for the role and include the candidate’s full name as a signature.

How long should a cover letter be?

A good cover letter should be around 300 words or within the range of 250-350 words. This equals roughly three paragraphs. Any shorter and the reader may not fully understand why you are qualified for the role. Any longer, and you risk losing the reader’s attention before they get to the end of your letter.

What are three do’s and three don’ts with a cover letter ?

• Include a header that aligns with the design and information on your resume
• Use numbers and concrete information to show your accomplishments
• Leave a balance of white space to text to increase readability
• Change the document margins to cram in more text or make your cover letter appear longer
• Add a full street address to your cover letter
• Go overboard with images, design elements, or colors

What are two things that should always be in a cover letter?

Two things that should always be in a cover letter are the name of the company and the role you are applying to. Hiring managers often look for candidates for multiple openings at once, so this helps the employer identify who you are and the job you are looking for.

Are cover letters necessary?

Cover letters are one of the best ways to increase your chances of landing your desired position. That’s because they give you the opportunity to expand on key experiences from your resume. 

While not every hiring manager reads cover letters, the ones that do can often use them to determine who is on the shortlist for an interview. We recommend every applicant write a cover letter to show their interest and qualifications for the position.

How to end a cover letter

We recommend always ending your cover letter with a call to action. This sentence expresses your enthusiasm for the position and politely suggests that the hiring manager get in touch with you for an interview. 

You can also leave your name and contact information in this section once again, space permitting. Then, sign off with a phrase like “Sincerely” or “Best regards” and your full name.

How do you address a cover letter without a name?

While using the hiring manager’s name on your cover letter is the best way to establish a personal connection, some companies do not share information about who will be reading your cover letter. In that case, a more general greeting like “Dear (Company Name) Hiring Team” or “Dear (Department Name) Team Lead” can do the trick.

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14 Common Video File Formats & Extensions (+ When to use Them)

Delve into the diverse world of video file formats and extensions, gaining insights into their characteristics and optimal uses.

Learn Filmmaking | By Yatharth Gupta

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If you have issues understanding types of video file formats and extensions, you’re in the right place.

In this comprehensive guide, I will cover everything from the basics of video files to the working of codecs and discuss various file formats in detail.

Whether you’re a creator or just someone who loves watching content online, you would agree that videos have become an essential part of our day-to-day lives.

As photographers and videographers, we can’t ignore the importance of choosing the right video format.

The video file format can influence whether your video appears vibrant and high-quality on a specific platform or looks lifeless and dull.

This makes it crucial to understand video file formats, especially if you often upload videos to social media.

With this article, I’ll provide you with all the information you need to choose the perfect format for your next video confidently.

(If you’re more interested in images, check our guide to common image file formats .)

So, let’s get started.

Table of Contents

14 Video Formats You Need to Know

Video File Format and Codec Basics

When it comes to videos, there are two important factors: file format and codec.

They are responsible for how a video is stored, compressed, decoded and viewed.

Let’s dive deeper into what these terms mean and how they impact your videos.

What Is a Video File Format?

A video file format is a specific way of storing and organizing video data on your computer and other digital devices.

The file format is like a blueprint that determines how the video information is structured within the file.

A format also includes details about the resolution, audio data, and other elements such as subtitles etc.

In simple words, a video format specifies how video data should be organized so that devices and software can understand and play it correctly.

Different video formats serve different purposes. Some are designed for high-quality playback, while others prioritize smaller file sizes for easier sharing online.

It’s important to choose the right format for your specific needs, whether you’re uploading videos to social media, creating YouTube content, or archiving family memories.

What Is a Codec?

The term “codec” is short for “compressor/decompressor,” which can be in the form of software or hardware.

Codecs work behind the scenes in all types of video-related tasks, whether you’re recording, editing, or saving videos.

They are responsible for encoding and decoding of video data.

For example, a codec formats and compresses your data in a specific way when you are saving a video, and when you play a video, a codec decompresses and reads video data in the backend.

A video file can be seen as a large and complex jigsaw puzzle. This puzzle contains pieces related to images, audio, video, and metadata, among others.

Video data consists of information about frames, audio, metadata, subtitles, and many other things.

Such data needs to be organized effectively so that it can be saved in a file and available to play on demand. That’s where codecs come into play.

They specialize in reducing the size of video files by cleverly compressing the data.

This compression involves techniques like merging similar data, simplifying color information, and adjusting the resolution.

As a result, the file size becomes smaller, which is important for storage and sharing online.

However, there’s an important distinction between codecs: they can be either “lossy” or “lossless” in their compression methods.

• Lossy Codecs: These codecs achieve compression by removing some data from the video.

The encoding process of such a codec can lead to a slight to significant reduction in video quality, depending on the level of compression.

• Lossless Codecs: On the other hand, lossless codecs preserve all the original data from the video, ensuring minimal quality loss.

However, preserving the video data comes at a cost- it makes the file size heavier.

Here are some popular video codecs in 2024:

• 264(AVC ) : This is one of the most popular codecs in current times as it offers very good compression yet maintains a good quality of video. It’s often used by video streaming services and online sharing.
• 265 (HEVC) : This codec is an upgraded version of the above codec. It offers better compression and higher-quality video; however, it requires a more powerful device to run smoothly. It’s often used for 4k and 8k video content.
• VP9 : It’s an open-source codec designed by Google. It’s created especially for web videos where high compression is often useful to keep the file size low. It’s widely used on platforms like YouTube.
• MPEG-2: This is an old codec that is still used for encoding videos for DVDs, cable TV, and broadcasting. However, with time, it is being used less and less.
• MPEG-4 : This is a versatile codec used for various purposes, such as web streaming, video conferencing, and smartphone videos.

Now that we’ve understood what is a file format and how a codec works, let’s dig deeper into some of the common video formats.

Most Common Video File Formats Used in 2024

When it comes to video formats, each comes with its own set of pros and cons.

Understanding them in detail would help you make the right choice for your next video project.

So, let’s take a deeper look into some of the most used video file formats in 2024.

MP4 (H.264 and H.265)

• What is MP4 video file format?

The MP4 format, which is short for MPEG-4, is the most common video file extension of our time.

It’s known for providing a balance of high-quality video and a comparatively small file size.

The video files are encoded using AVC (H.264) or HEVC (H.265) codecs used.MP4 file extension.

It’s widely compatible and playable on most devices, including phones, PCs, and Macs.

The MP4 file format is the top choice for social media videos, YouTube, and most viewing purposes.

• When should I use MP4?

MP4 is the most suitable format for all types of online sharing of videos, including websites, social media, and more.

Its compatibility with various devices and platforms makes it a versatile video format.

• What are the pros and cons of MP4?

Pros of MP4:

• Versatility: MP4 is supported by most devices and browsers, making it a versatile choice.
• High Quality: It offers high video quality with relatively small file sizes, striking a balance between quality and size.
• Wide Compatibility: MP4 works on both Windows and iOS platforms, as well as popular devices like Xbox and DVD players.
• Minimal Quality Loss: MP4 compression with codecs like AVC and HEVC files results in minimal quality loss.

Cons of MP4:

• Slow Encoding & Decoding: Encoding and decoding files with MP4 requires more power from your device.
• Difficult to edit: Editing video files in MP4 format is a resource-heavy task.

MOV (H.264)

• What is MOV video file format?

MOV is a video format developed by Apple, particularly for Quicktime Player.

This format is known for its versatility and compatibility, making it widely used in the video production industry where Apple devices are widely used.

MOV files can store not just video data but also audio, subtitles, and even special effects.

This makes MOV a popular choice for film and video editing, where different elements need to be combined seamlessly.

• When should I use MOV?

MOV is the number one choice of film industry professionals. It’s ideal when you need high-quality video that is easy to edit, particularly if you work with Apple devices.

However, the format is compatible with most operating systems, including Windows.

It allows flexibility to work with multiple tracks, making it great for professional video post-production processes.

• What are the pros and cons of MOV?

Pros of MOV:

• Exceptional Video Quality: MOV files offer high-quality videos that are great for online sharing and archival purposes.
• Multiple Tracks: MOV files can contain multiple audio, video, and subtitle tracks, allowing for advanced editing.
• Compatibility: MOV files are compatible with Apple, Windows, and other operating systems and devices.

Cons of MOV:

• Large file size: MOV files are larger in size due to lesser compression.
• Reduced Quality: Compression takes away some of the video data to maintain a relatively smaller file size. However, it can’t be compared to MP4 in this regard.
• What is WebM format?

WebM is an open-source video format developed by Google, primarily designed for HTML5.

The format was launched when playing videos on websites required plugins. However, WebM allowed playing videos directly in web browsers.

WebM is also known for its smaller file size – which is ideal for the web – while maintaining decent video quality.

• When should I use WebM?

WebM is a great choice when you want your videos to load quickly and work seamlessly with web browsers.

Its smaller size is ideal for using videos you wish to upload on a website.

It’s supported by major web browsers such as Google Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Opera etc.

• What are the pros and cons of WebM?

Pros of WebM:

• Quick Loading: WebM videos load faster in web browsers, providing a smoother user experience.
• Decent Video Quality: Despite its small size, WebM maintains an overall good video quality making it suitable for various online applications.
• HTML5 Compatibility: WebM aligns well with modern web standards, ensuring compatibility with the latest web technologies.

Cons of WebM:

• Browser Compatibility: Even though WebM is compatible with most browsers, there are still those that don’t have this format yet.
• Slower Compression: The compression process is complex compared to some other video formats, which can be complicated for some beginners.

ProRes (Apple ProRes)

• What is ProRes format?

ProRes or Apple ProRes is a video format created by Apple, mainly for its video editing software Final Cut Pro.

It’s the best format to save your video files that you want to edit later and want to keep most of the light and other data intact for better processing.

Even though the file size is larger compared to some of the other formats, this format offers a great way to store your videos in high definition for later use.

• When should I use ProRes?

If you’re an Apple user and wish to save your video files with most of the original data, this format is a great choice for you.

It saves your videos in the best quality that can be used later for post-processing purposes.

• What are the pros and cons of ProRes?

Pros of ProRes:

• Excellent video quality: ProRes retains video quality; however, the file sizes are comparatively larger.
• Ideal for pro editing: It’s one of the best formats that allow pro-grade video editing.
• Easy post-production: ProRes files are easy to work with in editing software such as Final Cut Pro.

Cons of ProRes:

• Larger file size: ProRes files can be large and require more storage space.
• Limited compatibility: This format is not compatible with all editing software and media players. Slower upload/download: Due to the large size transferring ProRes files would be slower.
• What is MKV format?

MKV, which is short for Matroska, is an open-source video format that offers high quality with smaller files and support for various media types.

An MKV file can hold not just video but also audio, subtitles, and more.

The file sizes are slightly smaller compared to some of the other formats. However, the quality is very well maintained.

The versatility of MKV makes it an excellent choice for storing complex multimedia projects.

• When should I use MKV?

MKV can be a good choice when working with videos that have various components, such as different audio tracks and subtitles in multiple languages.

It’s also ideal for when you want to store such data while saving on storage space and putting everything on a single file.

• What are the pros and cons of MKV?

Pros of MKV:

• Versatility: MKV can handle multiple audio tracks, subtitles, and video streams in one file, making it ideal for complex projects.
• High Quality: MKV retains the video and audio quality to a large extent.
• Open Source: MKV is an open standard. It’s freely available for everyone to use.

Cons of MKV:

• Larger Files: Files can be larger compared to some formats with higher compression, such as H.265.
• Limited Compatibility: Even though MKV is widely supported, not all devices and software can play it without installing additional codecs and software.
• Complex for Beginners: If you’re new to video editing or encoding, MKV might be a bit challenging as it comes with a learning curve.

How Do I Choose the Right Video Format?

Choosing the right video format can be quite challenging, especially when you’re new to videography.

However, the choice would depend on the purpose of your video and where you’ll share it.

Here are some things to keep in mind when choosing the right format:

Consider File Size:

Keep in mind that file size matters. Some formats, like MOV, can be quite large, while others, like MP4, are more lightweight. Choose based on your storage and bandwidth needs.

Think About Compatibility:

Consider where your video will be played. If it’s for a specific platform, check their recommended formats. For broad compatibility, choose formats like MP4.

Quality vs. File Size:

Balance quality with file size. High-quality formats like ProRes offer excellent video and audio but come with larger file sizes. Select what suits your requirements better.

Check Your Editing Software:

Ensure your video editing software supports your chosen format. Some programs work better with specific formats.

For example, ProRes videos work better with Final Cut Pro.

Think About Future-Proofing:

If you want your videos to remain accessible for years, consider open-source formats like MP4 and MKV, which are less likely to become outdated.

Below are some of the video format recommendations for specific purposes:

• For Online Videos: MP4 and WEBM formats are ideal for online sharing. They load quickly and play smoothly on websites, social media, and platforms like YouTube.
• For Home Videos: If you’re creating home videos and want them to last, MP4 and AVI formats strike a good balance between quality and compatibility.
• For Windows: If you’re working with Windows-based applications, WMV is a reliable choice. It’s compatible with many Windows programs and other devices.
• For Professional Video Editing: Professional video editors often prefer MOV and ProRes for their high quality and flexibility. They maintain top-notch video and audio in projects.
• For Multi-Media Projects: If you’re working on projects with various audio tracks, subtitles, and high-quality video, MKV would be the right choice for you.

There’s no one-size-fits-all video format. The right one for your needs would depend on where you want to use your video and its purpose.

So, consider the above-mentioned pointers while choosing the format for your videos.

MP4 vs. MKV: Which One Should You Choose?

When choosing between MP4 and MKV, you should keep in mind that both formats have their pros and cons.

Let’s discuss some of the advantages of both.

• Simplicity: If you want a format that works on almost any device or platform without installing extra software, MP4 is the best option for your needs.
• Streaming-Friendly: MP4 is excellent for online streaming as well. The high compression and smaller size make it load quickly, making it ideal for YouTube and other social media sites.
• Everyday Use: If you’re shooting videos with your smartphone or digital camera and want a format that’s easy to work with, MP4 is a solid choice.
• Versatility: MKV can handle multiple audio tracks, subtitles, and various video streams, making it a good choice for videos with additional data.
• High Quality: If you’re focused on maintaining the highest video and audio quality, MKV is the format for you.
• Comprehensive: When storage space isn’t a concern, and you want all the features, such as multiple languages and high-quality video, MKV would be the right format for you.

If you want an easy-to-work-with and widely compatible format for everyday use and online sharing, go with MP4.

However, if you work on videos with multi-audio tracks, other media files, and the extra features, MKV is the right choice.

The choice ultimately depends on your project’s demands and where you plan to showcase your videos.

High Resolution vs Low Resolution: What’s the Difference?

A high-resolution file has a huge amount of image & video data which makes it more realistic.

It allows for better video editing as well as renders at a high quality when being played.

However, the size of a high-resolution video file is much larger than the lower resolution file.

On the other hand, a low-resolution image or video is one that doesn’t have complete image data and renders dull and lacking sharpness.

Low-resolution files are very easy to share as they are smaller in size compared to high-resolution files.

Which Video File Formats are Supported on Social Media?

When it comes to sharing videos on social media, it’s important to know which video file formats are supported.

Different platforms have their preferences, and using the right format ensures your videos display correctly.

Here’s a handy list of the video file formats supported by some popular social media platforms:

What’s the Best Way to Change from One Video File Format to Another?

The best way to convert our video files depends on the file size, availability of software, and other things.

However, below, I’ve listed some of the common ways people use to convert videos.

1. Video Conversion Software:

One of the simplest and most popular methods for changing video formats is using video conversion software.

You can use software like HandBrake, a free, open-source tool that offers a user-friendly interface, making it easy to convert video files.

2. Online File Converters:

Online file converters are a convenient choice for those who prefer not to install software.

All you have to do is upload your video, choose the output format, and click the convert button.

One of the popular platforms is online-convert, a free service to convert your video files into different formats.

3. Video Editing Software:

For those familiar with advanced video editing tools, using video editing software like Adobe Premiere Pro is a great option.

Import your video, edit it as needed, and then export it in your desired format.

Premiere Pro provides extensive customization options, making it a preferred choice for professional video editors.

4. Online Video Platforms:

YouTube, the giant of online video, also doubles as a format converter.

When you upload a video, you can select your desired format for conversion. It’s a handy feature for content creators.

After uploading, your video will be converted and can be downloaded in the new format.

FAQs: Understanding Video File Formats

What file format is best for video?

The best file format for video largely depends on your needs. However, MP4 is a versatile and widely compatible choice for many platforms.

Which video format is highest quality?

For the highest quality, consider using formats like ProRes, or even raw formats like CinemaDNG. These formats offer excellent visual fidelity.

What is the most popular video format?

MP4 is currently the most popular video format. It’s widely used for online streaming, social media, and mobile devices.

What format is better than MP4?

While MP4 is excellent for compatibility, formats like MOV (QuickTime) or MKV offer features like better quality and advanced features, depending on your needs.

What is the best quality video format for 1080p?

For 1080p quality, H.264 in an MP4 container is a great choice, offering a balance between quality and file size.

What is the best video file format for TV?

TVs often support formats like AVI, MP4, or MKV. MP4 is a common choice for its balance of quality and compatibility.

What video codec does TV use?

TVs usually support a range of codecs, with H.264 and H.265 (HEVC) being common choices for high-quality playback.

What file formats support transparency video?

Formats like WebM and MOV with the ProRes codec support transparency, making them suitable for overlays and animations.

What are the video file formats in HTML?

HTML5 video typically supports formats such as MP4, WebM, and Ogg for web playback.

Which video file formats can you export with Adobe Media Encoder?

Adobe Media Encoder supports a wide range of formats, including MP4, MOV, AVI, and more, making it versatile for various outputs.

What is the difference between a video codec and a video container?

A video codec compresses and decompresses video data, while a container holds video, audio, and metadata. Codecs affect video quality, while containers determine compatibility and features.

What’s the difference between an MP3 and an MP4?

MP3 is an audio format, while MP4 is a video format that can include both video and audio. MP4 offers more versatility.

What’s the difference between an MOV and an MP4?

MOV and MP4 are both video formats. MOV is developed by Apple and commonly associated with QuickTime, while MP4 is more widely compatible, especially for online use.

What’s the best video file format for editing in Adobe Premiere?

Adobe Premiere works well with formats like MOV (ProRes) and MXF for editing due to their quality and flexibility.

Which video file format takes less processing to decode/edit with?

For easier editing, formats like ProRes or DNxHD are less processor-intensive compared to highly compressed formats like H.264, as they maintain quality during editing.

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Yatharth Gupta is a seasoned portrait and travel photographer based in India. He is also a writer and a blogger and loves to explore new places.

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What To Know About Identity Theft

Learn what identity theft is, how to protect yourself against it, and how to know if someone stole your identity.

What Is Identity Theft?

How to protect yourself against identity theft, how to know if someone stole your identity, monitoring services, recovery services, and identity theft insurance.

Identity theft is when someone uses your personal or financial information without your permission.

They might steal your name and address, credit card, or bank account numbers, Social Security number, or medical insurance account numbers. And they could use them to

• buy things with your credit cards
• get new credit cards in your name
• open a phone, electricity, or gas account in your name
• steal your tax refund
• use your health insurance to get medical care
• pretend to be you if they are arrested

Taking steps to protect your personal information can help you avoid identity theft. Here’s what you can do to stay ahead of identity thieves.

Protect documents that have personal information

If you get statements with personal information in the mail, take your mail out of the mailbox as soon as you can.

Ask questions before giving out your Social Security number

Some organizations need your Social Security number to identify you. Those organizations include the IRS, your bank, and your employer. Organizations like these that do need your Social Security number won’t call, email, or text you to ask for it.

Other organizations that might ask you for your Social Security number might not really need it. Those organizations include a medical provider, a company, or your child’s school. Ask these questions before you give them your Social Security number:

• Why do you need it?
• How will you protect it?
• Can you use a different identifier?
• Can you use just the last four digits of my Social Security number?

Protect your information from scammers online and on your phone

If you’re logging in to an online account, use a strong password .

Add multi-factor authentication for accounts that offer it. Multi-factor authentication offers extra security by requiring two or more credentials to log in to your account. The additional credentials you need to log in to your account fall into two categories: something you have — like a passcode you get via text message or an authentication app, or something you are — like a scan of your fingerprint, your retina, or your face. Multi-factor authentication makes it harder for scammers to log in to your accounts if they do get your username and password.

Do not give your personal information to someone who calls, emails, or texts you. It could be a scammer trying to steal your information .

Watch  5 Ways To Help Protect Your Identity .

In addition to taking steps to protect your information, it pays to know how to tell if someone stole your identity . There are things you can do yourself to detect identity theft. There also are companies that sell credit and identity monitoring services.

What you can do to detect identity theft

Here’s what you can do to spot identity theft:

• Track what bills you owe and when they’re due. If you stop getting a bill, that could be a sign that someone changed your billing address.
• Review your bills.  Charges for things you didn’t buy could be a sign of identity theft. So could a new bill you didn’t expect.
• Check your bank account statement.  Withdrawals you didn’t make could be a sign of identity theft.
• Get and review your credit reports.  Accounts in your name that you don’t recognize could be a sign of identity theft. Here’s how you can get your free credit reports .

(View or share the  YouTube version of the video. )

If you discover that someone is misusing your personal information, visit IdentityTheft.gov to report and recover from identity theft.

Many companies sell identity theft protection services that may include credit monitoring, identity monitoring, identity recovery services, and identity theft insurance. These services also might be offered by your

• bank or credit union
• credit card provider
• employer’s benefits program
• insurance company

Credit monitoring services

Credit monitoring services scan activity that shows up on your credit reports. They might monitor activity at one, two, or all three of the major credit bureaus — Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.

Credit monitoring services will usually alert you when

• a company checks your credit history
• a new loan or credit card account appears on your credit reports
• a creditor or debt collector says your payment is late
• public records show that you filed for bankruptcy
• someone files a lawsuit against you
• your credit limit changes
• your personal information, like your name, address, or phone number, changes

Credit monitoring services will not alert you when

• someone withdraws money from your bank account
• someone uses your Social Security number to file a tax return and collect your refund

If you’re considering using a credit monitoring service, here are some questions you can ask them:

• How often do you check credit reports for changes?
• Which of the three credit bureaus do you monitor?
• Is there a limit to how often I can review my credit reports?
• Will I be charged each time I review my credit reports?
• Are other services included, like access to my credit score?

Identity monitoring services

Companies that offer identity monitoring services check databases that collect different types of information to see if they contain new or inaccurate information about you. Those could be a sign that someone is using your personal information. These services can detect uses of your personal information that won’t show up on your credit report.

Identity monitoring services may tell you when your information shows up in

• a change of address request
• court or arrest records
• orders for new utility, cable, or wireless services
• an application for a payday loan
• a request to cash a check
• on social media
• on websites that identity thieves use to trade stolen information

Most identity monitoring services will not alert you if someone uses your information to

• file a tax return and collect your refund
• get Medicare benefits
• get Medicaid benefits
• get welfare benefits
• claim Social Security benefits
• claim unemployment benefits

Identity recovery services

Companies that sell credit and identity monitoring services also may offer identity recovery services to help you fix any damage caused by identity theft. These services may be included or cost extra. Some of the services they offer may be things you can do on your own for little or no cost.

Identity recovery services typically give you access to counselors or case managers who will help you recover your identity. They may

• help you write letters to creditors and debt collectors
• place a freeze on your credit report to prevent an identity thief from opening new accounts in your name
• guide you through documents you have to review

Some services will represent you in dealing with creditors or other institutions if you formally grant them authority to act on your behalf.

Identity theft insurance

Companies that sell monitoring services also may offer identity theft insurance. These services may be included or cost extra.

Identity theft insurance may cover

• the cost of copying documents
• postage costs for sending documents
• costs for getting documents notarized
• wages you lost
• legal fees you paid

Identity theft insurance generally won’t reimburse you for money stolen or financial loss resulting from the theft. Most policies won’t pay if your loss is covered by your homeowner’s or renter’s insurance. If you’re considering getting identity theft insurance, ask about the deductible and find out what’s covered and what isn’t.

Find out how to recognize the signs of medical identity theft , tax identity theft , and child identity theft .

File Download PDF 677a_idt_what_to_know_wtd.pdf (6.09 MB)

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Forms W-4 downloaded from the Tax Withholding Estimator before May 25 incorrectly included amounts on line 4(a) that should be excluded from income. If you downloaded a W-4 before May 25, run the estimator again and download a new W-4.

All calculations in the estimator are correct. This error affects only Forms W-4 you may have downloaded.

Use this tool to estimate the federal income tax you want your employer to withhold from your paycheck. This is tax withholding .

See how your withholding affects your refund, take-home pay or tax due.  

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Use this tool to:

• Estimate your federal income tax withholding
• See how your refund, take-home pay or tax due are affected by withholding amount
• Choose an estimated withholding amount that works for you

Results are as accurate as the information you enter.

What you need

Have this ready:

• Paystubs for all jobs (spouse too)
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• Most recent tax return

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Use the Tax Withholding Estimator

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• Your tax situation is complex. This includes alternative minimum tax. See Publication 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax . 

Estimator Frequently Asked Questions

More on tax withholding

• When to Check Your Tax Withholding
• Why Check Your Tax Withholding
• About Tax Withholding
• Publication 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax
• Form W-4 Employee Withholding Certificate
• Form W-4P, Withholding Certificate for Pension or Annuity Payments
• Notice 1392, Supplement Form W-4 Instructions for Nonresident Aliens PDF

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Use your estimate to change your tax withholding amount on Form W-4. Or keep the same amount.

To change your tax withholding amount:

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To keep your same tax withholding amount:

• You don't need to do anything at this time.
• Check your withholding again when needed and each year with the Estimator. This helps you make sure the amount withheld works for your circumstance.  

When to check your withholding

Check your tax withholding every year, especially:

When you have a major life change

• New job or other paid work
• Major income change
• Child birth or adoption
• Home purchase

If you changed your tax withholding mid-year

• Check your tax withholding at year-end, and adjust as needed with a new W-4

If you have more questions about your withholding, ask your employer or tax advisor.

Why check your withholding

There are several reasons to check your withholding:

• It can protect against having too little tax withheld and facing an unexpected tax bill or penalty at tax time next year.
• It can let you adjust your tax withheld up front, so you receive a bigger paycheck and smaller refund at tax time.

The Tax Withholding Estimator doesn't ask for personal information such as your name, social security number, address or bank account numbers.

We don't save or record the information you enter in the estimator.

For details on how to protect yourself from scams, see Tax Scams/Consumer Alerts .  

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