precast concrete presentation

Precast Concrete Construction: Advantages, Design Principles, and Preventive Measures

Precast concrete construction is a highly efficient and versatile method that has revolutionized the construction industry. It offers numerous advantages over traditional concrete construction techniques and plays a vital role in creating safe, durable, and cost-effective structures. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the world of precast concrete construction, from its fundamental advantages to the intricate design principles and preventive measures necessary for successful implementation. Whether you are a construction professional or someone interested in learning about this innovative approach, this guide will provide you with a thorough understanding of precast concrete construction.

Advantages of Precast Concrete Construction

Precast concrete construction offers a wide range of advantages that contribute to its popularity in the construction industry. Let’s unearth these advantages in detail:

Dimensional Accuracy:

One of the foremost advantages of precast concrete construction is its remarkable dimensional accuracy. Precast components are manufactured in controlled environments, where quality and precision are paramount. This accuracy ensures that precast elements are consistent in size and shape, reducing the need for on-site modifications. When precast components fit together seamlessly, it results in a high-quality finished product and minimizes construction delays.

Better Finishes:

Precast concrete components can be produced with a variety of surface finishes, offering architects and builders greater design flexibility. Whether you require an exposed aggregate finish, a polished surface, or decorative textures, precast concrete can accommodate your aesthetic preferences. This versatility opens up a world of architectural possibilities, making it an attractive choice for modern construction projects.

Faster Erection:

One of the most significant advantages of precast concrete construction is the speed at which components can be erected. Precast elements are produced off-site, allowing for concurrent manufacturing and on-site construction. This minimizes project duration and reduces labor costs. The efficiency of precast construction can lead to substantial time and cost savings, making it an appealing choice for developers and builders.

Design Considerations for Precast Structures

Designing precast structures involves a set of critical considerations that are essential for ensuring their structural integrity and long-term performance. Let’s explore these design principles in detail:

Monolithic Structure Analysis:

Precast structures should be analyzed as monolithic units, with the joints designed to withstand forces as if they were part of a continuous system. This approach ensures that the precast components work together seamlessly, providing the desired structural stability and performance.

Resistance to Horizontal Loading:

To withstand horizontal loads, such as wind or seismic forces, precast buildings should incorporate shear walls strategically. These walls serve as the backbone of the structure, providing the necessary resistance to lateral forces. Proper placement and design of shear walls are crucial for structural safety.

End Conditions and Loads:

Each individual precast component must be designed to accommodate the loads it will experience during all stages of construction. This includes considering the effects of different construction phases, storage, and transportation.

Buttressing External Wall Panels:

External wall panels in precast construction are not always fully restrained on both sides by floor panels. Therefore, adequate buttressing is essential to enhance their structural integrity. Proper design of these elements can prevent potential issues in the long run.

Progressive Collapse:

Designing for progressive collapse is particularly important in taller precast buildings. Progressive collapse refers to a situation where the failure of one structural element triggers a chain reaction, potentially leading to the partial or complete collapse of the structure. Preventive measures, such as redundancy in load paths and robust connections, are crucial to mitigate this risk.

Local Damage and Protection:

To protect precast structures from damage, it is necessary to consider various factors, including vehicle impacts. Concrete kerbs and similar protective measures can help safeguard critical structural members, preventing localized damage from spreading and compromising the overall stability of the structure.

Collaboration with Builders/Contractors:

Close collaboration between designers and builders is vital throughout the construction process. Builders’ insights into construction procedures and constraints can help ensure that the design aligns with practical considerations, enhancing the overall success of the project.

Preventive Measures for Construction Failures

Preventing failures during precast construction is crucial to ensure the safety and stability of the structure. Let’s explore preventive measures for two common types of failures in precast construction:

Pack-of-Cards Collapse:

In this type of failure, the absence of restraining elements, such as partitions, cladding , or shear walls, means that the structure is not stable during the construction period. Preventive measures for pack-of-cards collapse include:

• Overall Stability Consideration: The overall stability of the building should be taken into account in all construction stages, ensuring that the structure remains stable during each phase of construction.
• Designing Joints: Joints should be designed to resist moments and shears during the erection stage. Temporary works should be carefully designed to provide stability during construction.

Situational Collapse:

Situational collapse occurs when one precast element falls during erection and lands on an element below. The connections of the lower element then collapse under the load of the falling element, leading to a chain reaction of further collapses. Preventive measures for situational collapse include:

• Robust Unit Design: Paying particular attention to the details of pre-formed units and their seating is crucial to ensure they can withstand the maximum stresses that may arise from site conditions.
• Impact Forces: Precast concrete construction should be capable of withstanding impact forces resulting from site conditions and potential bad workmanship. This is essential to prevent situational collapses.

Precast concrete construction has transformed the construction industry by offering remarkable advantages in terms of dimensional accuracy, surface finishes, and construction speed. However, achieving successful precast projects requires careful attention to design principles and preventive measures. By analyzing precast structures as monolithic units, ensuring resistance to horizontal loading, considering end conditions and loads, and implementing protective measures, builders and designers can create structures that are not only efficient but also safe and resilient. With this comprehensive guide, you have gained valuable insights into the world of precast concrete construction, enabling you to make informed decisions and deliver exceptional construction projects.

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High performance precast concrete inherently provides versatility, efficiency, and resiliency.

Aesthetic Versatility Virtually any color, form, and texture Facade integration Historic compatibility Structural Versatility Scalable performance Economical sections Long open spans Use Versatility Recyclable Deconstructive reuse Adaptive reuse

Site Efficiency Minimal site disturbance Negligible waste Accelerated construction Energy and Operational Efficiency Scalable performance Thermally efficient Low life-cycle costs Risk Reduction Design assist Reduced and trades Enhanced profitability

Structure Durability Long service life Barrier wall system Functional resilience Multi-Hazard Protection Storm resistance Earthquake resistance Blast resistance Life Safety and Health Indoor environmental quality Passive fire resistance Meets FEMA 361

How Precast Concrete Builds - Versatility 

The most versatile of building systems is precast concrete construction. Its ability to adapt to many different functions makes it a favorite of architects, engineers, and contractors alike.

Versatility in Use

What can you build with precast concrete? Ask anyone in the design community and you will receive a varied mix of their favorite applications of precast concrete. From NFL stadiums, office buildings, schools, data centers, and student housing, to retail, prisons, courthouses, and much more, precast concrete reinvents itself every time it is specified. Precast concrete parking structures are a common application, but new and innovative uses for this material continue to be developed. Take a look at a total precast concrete project. Precast concrete walls can be used for both exterior and interior applications. From the exposed walls on the interior (insulated precast concrete panels), to a thin brick veneer (or other finish) on the exterior, to the precast concrete stairs (including landings), to the floor system (hollow-core slabs), to the roof (double tees), to the columns and beams… the list goes on and on.

Architectural Versatility

A producer will tell you that they can translate into precast concrete whatever an architect can conceive. Incorporating a variety of colors, textures, and finishes makes each architectural precast concrete project a custom fit. Façade treatment options include a range of colors, textures, and other treatments (formliners, reveals, rustications, thin brick, stone, and tile). Precast concrete building systems are adaptable to a wide variety of orthogonal and radial forms. The array of form possibilities provides nearly limitless creative opportunities. The plasticity of concrete adds to the already enormous range of design opportunities that includes pigments, aggregates, cements, sandblasting, and acid etching.

Structural Versatility

The outline of a building’s footprint can vary widely depending on several factors, including the zoning, the site, and owner preferences. Precast concrete is able to accommodate a wide variety of configurations. The layout of the precast concrete wall system can maximize open areas and create flexible options for floor plans. Owners today often specify a 100-year life for a structure. When that goal is met with a precast concrete structural system, another benefit is the adaptable shell that can be changed during the decades of service. The structural engineer can create a variety of applications that resist hurricane forces, blasts, and seismic events, for all types of buildings. Tenants move, market conditions vary, personnel shift, and technology advances. Versatile precast concrete structures can accommodate change easily and economically. Through the appropriate choice of interior systems and access floors for connectivity, all types of changes can be accommodated. The open floor plate enables a flexible interior space that can accommodate any number of tenant scenarios. Column-free space allows additional flexibility in floor plans and layouts. Shallow floor thicknesses with few beams provide unobstructed ceiling cavities for mechanical and electrical systems.

Precast Concrete Builds with Versatility - Summary

From its fluid state in a form to its varied use in and on a structure, precast concrete is adaptable and serves multiple purposes. Whether you value the wide spectrum of colors, textures, and finishes, or rely on its stability, strength, and durability, it all comes down to the versatility of precast concrete construction.

How Precast Concrete Builds - Efficiently 

The definition of efficient is “achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.” Precast concrete embodies this term throughout every stage of a building’s life. From concept through completion, precast concrete checks every box. Efficient design uses thinner sections, precast concrete production uses the least amount of labor and materials, the speed of installation accelerates schedules, and the result is reduced operating costs for a precast concrete building.

Efficient Design

From a sketch on a napkin in the conceptual stage, the design team works toward the most efficient structural design, using fewer components to resist shear forces, transfer loads, and function as the building envelope. Precast concrete engineers and the engineer of record make every effort to design a structure as closely as possible to the needs of the job. These leaner pieces have multiple facets of efficiency. From start to finish, they use fewer materials in creating the structural system. With the ability to free span over 50 ft (with hollow-core slabs) and over 60 ft (with double tees), precast concrete can greatly reduce a building’s floor-to-floor height compared with other structural systems. The result is a reduction in the overall building height and the elimination of excess building materials and costs. These long, clear spans also eliminate unnecessary columns, allowing more flexibility in the design and layout of the building. Where a multitenant building is required, precast concrete can overcome the challenge of providing mixed use in a single building. The superstructure can accommodate varying conditions. By varying the layout of the precast concrete supporting elements, sound-deadening walls can be placed between residential units. Precast concrete transfer beams can support wide, open spaces.

Efficient Production

In a world with limited natural resources, every player in the construction industry has an eye toward avoiding shortages and puts an emphasis on conservation. Take a closer look at a precast concrete production facility and you will see ongoing efforts to avoid inefficiencies, redundancies, and waste. The ability to manufacture precast concrete components year-round in all weather conditions both increases speed at the site and makes efficient use of plant/labor personnel. Precast producers also work with lean manufacturing principles to optimize bed length, strand usage, storage space, and raw materials. The significance of this optimization is often overlooked.

Efficient Construction

Working in tandem with well-organized precast concrete production is the optimized coordination of delivery. During the construction phase, the speed of precast concrete installation is unrivaled. The just-in-time delivery of pieces to the jobsite makes effective use of transportation and site access. A small crew can erect thousands of square feet per day and enclose the structure in days or weeks. Precast concrete construction is the most capable of meeting tight deadlines and enabling finishing trades to jump-start their work. A single-source supplier enables the collective team to make changes more easily with fewer coordination issues and less site mobilization, which keeps costs to a minimum. Precast concrete’s speed of installation reduces enclosure time and eliminates the need for fireproofing, termite treatments, and additional insulation. Faster completion time also reduces interim financing costs and contributes to other economic benefits.

Efficient Building/Operations

From a project program perspective, the use of structural wall panels with an architectural finish reduces the redundancy that is often seen with cavity wall systems. Precast concrete wall panels provide a moisture barrier, fire resistance, sound-deadening properties, and insulation. It is an all-in-one component without the need for extra materials and applications. Maximizing the thermal properties of precast concrete walls to delay heating/cooling requirements can reduce the load on HVAC equipment over the life of the building. A precast concrete building is enclosed as the structure is being erected, thereby limiting the ingress of moisture and mold. Precast concrete provides efficiency in its use of materials, both throughout the construction stage and during the operation of the building. The hard finished surfaces are easy to maintain. Precast concrete is the epitome of a well-organized, time-saving, labor-saving, cost-effective architectural and structural building system. Efficiency and economy go hand in hand. Precast concrete design results in a building that showcases the material with open spaces and an absence of superfluous material. Precast concrete inherently resists natural forces with a totally composite and fully insulated building system.

Precast Concrete Builds Efficiently - Summary

Precast concrete minimizes wasted effort or expense from cradle to grave. From the planning phase, efficient design uses thinner sections: skinny columns, reduced beam sizes, and slim wall panels. In production, precast concrete plant operations use the least amount of labor and materials to meet building specifications. During construction, fewer trades are involved, limiting on-site duration, wasted effort, and cost of financing. The operation of a precast concrete building involves less maintenance and lower insurance costs.

How Precast Concrete Builds - Resiliently

How do we build a structure that can withstand whatever natural or man-made disasters life can throw at it? Precast concrete construction is the top choice of owners who need durable, reliable structures. 

Resilient Design

Structural durability, multi-hazard protection, life safety and health, precast builds resiliently—summary, design resources.

• High Performance White Paper (289kb PDF)
• Designer's Notebook: Precast and Sustainability
• Designer's Notebook: Energy Conservation
• Design Resources (for purchase)

Related Resources & Articles

• Precast Structural Systems
• Precast Envelope Systems
• Designer's Notebooks
• Project Profiles

• My presentations

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PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

Published by Antony Powers Modified over 8 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION"— Presentation transcript:

Dr. Ruth Collins TrinityHaus

Contents: Cover

COST EFFECTIVE MASS HOUSING TECHNOLOGY

Portal Framed Construction

FRAMED STRUCTURE Students: Yoryelina Moreno Mairim Zapata.

Constructions of Large-panel Buildings in Vilnius

CORE DESIGN.

>ENTER< [PLS PUT ON SAFETY HELMETS BEFORE ENTERING THIS SITE.]

Timber Framed Structures

R1.3 RESP1.3 RESPONSE OF CIVIL ENGIONEEONSE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT 1.3 RESPONSE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT 1.3 RESPONSE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT.

Innovative New Technologies in Building & Construction.

Materials used in the external walls. Brick Bricks are probably the oldest manufactured material we have today. Although the method of production has.

Brief Introduction of 3D Construction System

INAR 243 FLOORS.  Structural element  Proper ground for functions.

S R T C O N S T R U C T I O N & S T R U C T U R E S M A J O R A S S I G N M E N T M A T T H E W S Q U I R E

Walls Ron Gatepain constructionsite.

Fundamentals of Building Construction, Materials & Methods, 5 th Edition Copyright © 2009 J. Iano. All rights reserved. Plant-Cast Precast Concrete Concrete.

Building Methods Types of Structure.

Fire Behaviour Elements of Structure and Fire Development.

Masonry. Terms –F > 15-5 –Go thru all figures –Joints between brick = ¼ inch.

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Methods of precast concrete constructions.

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Types of Precast Systems

1. large panel system.

Fig. 1: Large Panel Precast Concrete System Construction

2. Frame System

Fig. 2: Precast Concrete Frame Structure erected within four weeks

3. Slab-Column System with Shear Wall

Fig. 3: Precast Column-slab System with Shear Walls

Elements in Precast Concrete Building Systems

• Precast concrete wall (Panels), Fig.4
• Precast Slabs, Fig. 5 and 6
• Precast Beam and Girders, Fig.7
• Precast Columns, Fig. 8
• Precast Stairs, Fig. 9

Fig. 4: Precast Concrete Panel

Fig. 5: Hollow Precast Concrete Floor

Fig. 6: Details of Hollow Precast Concrete Floor

Fig. 7: Precast Concrete Beam

Fig. 8: Precast Concrete Columns

Fig. 9: Precast Concrete Stairs

Precast Concrete Construction Considerations 

1. erection sequence, 2. erection safety, 3. erection tolerances, 5. temporary bracing, 6. leveling shims, 7. propping, precast concrete construction procedure.

Fig. 10: Foundation for Precast Concrete Columns

Fig. 11: Final Adjustment and Installation of Columns

Fig. 12: Install Precast Concrete Columns

Fig. 13: Large Panel Precast Concrete System Construction

Fig. 14: Precast Beam Erection

Fig. 15: Placement of Hollow Core Precast Concrete Slab on Walls

Fig. 16: Precast Concrete Slab Placement

Types of Connections

• Beam to Column Connections (Fig. 17, 18, and 19)
• Column to floor connection (Fig. 20)
• Panel to Panel Connections  (Fig. 21 and 22)

Fig. 17: Expensive but Safe Cleated Connector

Fig. 18: Sliding Plate Connections

Fig. 19: Beam to Column Seated Connection

Fig. 20: Seated Connection

Fig. 21: Deep Nib Connection Between Walls Provide Large Complimentary Shear Stiffness and Strength

Fig. 22: Vertical Joint Using Deep Nib

Structural Stability 

Fig. 23: Bracing Techniques

Madeh Izat Hamakareem

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