dissertation endnote reference type

EndNote Guide / APA Referencing Guide

• About EndNote and APA referencing
• Accessing EndNote on campus computers
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• Books, Ebooks & Book Chapters
• Journal, Magazine & Newspaper Articles
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• Audio works
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• Using groups
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• Dealing with duplicate references
• Backing up your EndNote Library
• EndNote tab in Word
• Formatting your reference list
• Inserting and editing an in-text citation
• Inserting a secondary citation
• Deleting an in-text citation
• Mac computer EndNote tab loading issue
• Quick reference guides for using EndNote on Mac & Windows devices

Which fields are required for dissertation & thesis references in EndNote?

Important instructions:

• Capitalise the first word in the title and for a two-part title also capitalise the first word of the second part.  Proper nouns in the title require the first letter to be capitalised (e.g. The making of a journalist: The New Zealand way).
• If there is a publication number, enter this number in the Document Number field.
• Enter the name of the granting institution in the University field.
• Enter the name of the repository or database in the Name of Database field. 

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Applying APA 7th

Journal articles, conferences, figure (image), film, tv & video/dvd, pamphlet or brochure, powerpoint slides, social media, theses & dissertations, websites & webpages.

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• Troubleshooting

References imported into EndNote often need corrections to ensure they are in the APA 7th style when inserted into Word using CWYW . 

This section provides some workarounds to achieve the correct APA 7th output when inserting your references in Word.

• Ensure  APA 7th is selected in the style box in your EndNote Library as well as in the EndNote tab in your Word document.
• If the following instructions do not work, you can create a plain text version (without the EndNote connection) of your final document and make corrections in the text.

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EndNote & EndNote Web

• Using EndNote for Graduate Theses and Dissertations
• Getting Started
• Adding References
• Using References
• Creating Bibliographies
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A common request from graduate students who are writing their thesis or dissertation is for instructions on how to use EndNote and Cite While You Write to create a "journal-style" bibliography - one where each chapter of the document has its own bibliography rather than the document as a whole having one big one at the end. There are different ways to accomplish this that depend on whether you are using the full EndNote software or EndNote Web.

EndNote Software

The full EndNote software can leverage the document structure tools within Microsoft Word itself to accomplish this.

The first thing to do is to make sure that you have created a new Section for each segment of your document that you wish to have its own bibliography. You do this by placing the cursor where you wish the current section to end, then from the Layout tab select the Breaks dropdown and select the Section break type that matches your preference.

The second required element is simply to be using a citation style in Cite While You Write that uses these section breaks. If the one you've already selected is set to do so and you've already inserted the citations into your paper, the above step should have resulted in the new bibliographies automatically. If you're unsure, it's an easy thing to check in EndNote itself.

If you're using EndNote 20 or later, click in the Tools menu and then go to Output Styles and click on Open Style Manager. If you're using EndNote X9 or earlier, you start in the Edit menu instead of Tools.

From there, find the style that you're interested in using and double click (or click once to select it and then click the Edit button). In the window this opens, browse into the Sections area.

From there you can select the option that matches how you wish to have Cite While You Write manage the document sections. That is, you can have one bibliography at the end, a new bibliography for each section (with or without continuous numbering throughout the document), or both.

EndNote Web

Unfortunately, the free web-based version of EndNote cannot support multiple bibliographies, even if the citation style selected in Cite While You Write is configured to do so. As such, we need to use a work-around of one form or another. All of which simply require that you save each "section" of your final document as its own Word file while you're working and simply use Cite While You Write normally within each document.

Most of this process from here on will assume that you've completed your writing and are simply preparing the final document.

You will want to make sure that all documents have used the same citation style in Cite While You Write so that everything is consistent and that the bibliographies are complete. Additionally, they should be titled such that alphabetical ordering has them in the correct sequence - the methods we'll be using to combine them later default to file name order.

Now that you have your collection of separate files for your various chapters, there are two main methods to combine them: using Word itself or Adobe Acrobat. Both programs have methods of building a new file from a series of existing ones.

Instructions for Microsoft Word

It is strongly advised that you save a backup copy of all of your files at this point . We are about to make one-way transformations that cannot be undone, so having a backup is important.

In each document, in the EndNote tab there is a drop-down menu for Convert Citations and Bibliography. Click into that and then on Convert to Plain Text and save the new document separately so that you do not overwrite the old version. This command strips out all of the internal "hooks" in the document that EndNote and Cite While You Write use to edit your document automatically.

Once that is done for all sections, open a new blank document and click into the Insert menu. One option available is for Object with a sub-option of Text From File.

The window this opens allows you to select all of the files to be combined into a single Word Document. In my testing, this appears to be a one-time event so editing the base documents does not edit the final one so this step will need to be repeated if you do make any edits to the base documents. You may find that you need to add page breaks between your sections, but because we're still within a Word context you can still use automated page numbering.

Because we stripped out all of the EndNote "hooks" in the previous step, you cannot edit the imported text using Cite While You Write. If we had not done so, you could still edit the citations here, but any editing "event" that triggers CWYW to update the citations and bibliography will simply create an updated, full-document bibliography at the end of the file and will not update any internal bibliographies. It's simpler and less likely to cause problems if you strip out that functionality ahead of time.

Instructions for Adobe Acrobat

You will likely want to edit the page numbering of every file in turn so that they begin on the page following the end of the previous file. You can do this in Word by clicking into the Header/Footer to bring up the appropriate menu. From there select the Page Number option and click on Format Page Numbers. In the window that brings up, simply select the Start At radio button and enter the appropriate page to begin the current document.

In Adobe Acrobat (either on its own or via the Adobe Creative Cloud package), you can combine discrete Word documents into a single file. Under the Tools menu there is a Combine Files option. Simply drag the files you wish to combine into the designated space in the order you wish them to appear and click on Combine. This option will automatically start each document on a new page, but won't renumber them, which is why we needed to do that step earlier. Additionally, since Acrobat doesn't have any equivalent functionality to Cite While You Write further edits can't be made using EndNote directly.

Comprehensive Bibliography

If you wish to also have a bibliography at the end of your document, it's relatively straightforward do create one in one of two ways.

The first option requires you to have done some organizational work ahead of time or to do so now. The EndNote Web interface itself can generate a bibliography for you based on a "Group" of references. If you've already been organizing the references you're using for this project into a single Group you're all set, otherwise you'll have to build that Group now.

Once that's done, you can click into the Format --> Bibliography section of your account. In the three drop-down menus, select the name of the Group that your references are in, the citation style you've used for your paper, and RTF format (the other options are a Text file which wouldn't be able to include things like italicized text and HTML which would likely work, but Rich Text is more likely to copy and paste into Word cleanly).

Clicking Save should process the references and save a .rtf file in your usual downloads location. You will want to open that file in Word and edit it to use the same formatting style as the rest of your document (typeface, font size, margins, etc.). From there you can either include it in the "combining" steps above or if working in Word you can simply copy and paste the text at the end of the document.

The other option for creating a comprehensive bibliography is a bit messy. We'll just be opening each file comprising your documents various sections, copying the contents, and then pasting everything into a single Word file. If you had already written your paper before coming to this guide, you likely already have a suitable file saved somewhere. Once you've got all of your content in this one file, click on Update Citations and Bibliography button in the EndNote menu of Word and it should build the single bibliography at the end of your document. Save a backup and go through the Convert To Plain Text steps mentioned in the "Instructions for Microsoft Word" section above to get a version of the bibliography that you can copy and paste freely without worrying about CWYW making further edits. At that point you can add it to your paper using the methods described above.

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Combining thesis chapters

How to combine thesis chapters.

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• EndNote and combining chapters using Word

Many students who are writing a thesis keep each chapter as a separate Word document with

EndNote creating a bibliography in each document. The steps below detail how to create a single

document and bibliography from separate chapter documents.

Step 1. Copy each chapter

Make a copy of each chapter, e.g. chapter1-copy.doc; chapter2-copy.doc. You will work with

these copies. If something goes wrong, you can return to your original documents and start again.

Step 2. Unformat citations

If you have been using EndNote's instant formatting, your references will already be formatted,

for example (Smith, 1999), and you will have a bibliography at the end of each chapter.

Open each document (chapter1-copy.doc, etc.) in Word, and from the EndNote menu in Word

select the Convert Citations and Bibliography >>> Convert to Unformatted Citations command.

(In earlier versions of EndNote, use the Unformat Citations command.) This will remove the

bibliography at the end of each chapter and change the references in the text into their

unformatted form, for example {Smith, 1999 #13}. Save these changes.

Step 3. Combine the chapters

Open chapter1-copy.doc in Word. Then open chapter2-copy.doc and select the whole document

(Ctrl+A), copy it and paste it at the end of chapter1-copy.doc.

Continue copying and pasting each chapter at the end of chapter1-copy.doc, until the whole thesis

is in one document.

Rename chapter1-copy.doc to thesis-master.doc. This is the master copy of your thesis, and any

subsequent changes should be made to this document. Save this document.

Step 4. Format citations in the thesis

Open thesis-master.doc in Word. From the EndNote menu in Word select the Update Citations

and Bibliography command. (In earlier versions of EndNote, use the Format Bibliography

command.) EndNote will format all the references in your document and create a single

bibliography at the end of the thesis. Save the changes.

Note: Unformatting the citations (at Step 2 above) disables the instant formatting in Word. If you

prefer to work with instant formatting, go to the Bibliography Preferences by clicking on the

small arrow at the very bottom of the Bibliography group on the EndNote menu in Word, and

then select the Instant Formatting tab and click on the Turn On button. (In earlier versions of

EndNote, access the Instant Formatting tab via the Format Bibliography command.)

Step 5. Remove field codes (Final step before submitting thesis)

Your thesis-master.doc contains hidden field codes which link it to EndNote. The final step before submitting your thesis is to  is to

create a copy which is not linked to EndNote. From the EndNote menu in Word select the

Convert Citations and Bibliography>Convert to Plain Text command. (In earlier versions of

EndNote, use the Remove Field Codes command.)

This will create a copy of your thesis which is no longer linked to EndNote. Save this copy as

thesis-unlinked.doc. This is the copy which you should submit. This is not your master copy.

Any changes must be made to thesis-master.doc.

If you need to make changes to your thesis, make them in thesis-master.doc and then use the

Remove Field Codes command to make a new copy of thesis-unlinked.doc.

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Best Practices for Document Management

Importing from databases.

Because a dissertation or thesis is an extended project, and because of the anticipated timeline and number of references, certain methods of working with the computer files are recommended that will avoid common frustrations with the EndNote program as the document grows and the final copy is produced:

1.  Whenever an entry is made in the EndNote Library, verify immediately that the formatting is correct for the style that is in use (i.e. APA, Turabian). The Bibliography/Reference list entry can be checked using the Preview tab. Any changes that may be required should be made immediately. Edit the Output Styles for non-standard resources as soon as possible, and do not procrastinate. Waiting until when the final copy is needed is inviting major frustration.

2. Use only one EndNote library file for the entire dissertation. Check routinely for duplicates, and carefully avoid using duplicate entries of the same source in the dissertation/thesis.

3. The working copy of the dissertation/thesis and the EndNote library should be kept in the same folder at all times. All new work on the document or in the library should use these exclusively. Backup copies can and should be routinely stored elsewhere, but all new work should be continued using the original document and library files.

4. Unless specifically requested, all readers and editors should work on a Plain Text copy of the dissertation. This retains all Word processor formatting, but the embedded codes that link the EndNote library are removed. This avoids any software conflicts that might get in the way of the reader/editor. It also avoids conflicts between the working EndNote Library and the travelling EndNote library associated with the document, such as become evident when readers attempt to edit or change a reference.

EndNote is a tool that can improve efficiency in managing bibliography and incorporating reference styles in a document. But it is not a substitute for the author's competence in using it effectively and correctly.

Importing bibliographic details from databases is an efficient method of entering references into the EndNote library.

1. The overall accuracy of the bibliographic details varies from database to database. Imported citation entries must always be verified.

•  Importing citations from periodical databases such as those from Ebsco, ProQuest and JSTOR may be reasonably reliable, but doing this from other databses such as Google Scholar need careful scrutiny (when Google Scholar harvests the bibliographic details from a major publisher, it will probably be fine; but if the bibliographic details are harvested from an institutional repository, a government website, a library catalog, etc., interesting irregularities are common). This category of import must be corrected.
•  All records imported from a library database, whether JeWeL, MelCat, or WorldCat, will be entered with the Reference Type of book as default, even though it might be an edited book, e-book, dissertation, or audio-visual item. This category of import must be corrected.

2. Styles have differing requirements.The bibliographic details that are imported into EndNote do not necessarily reflect the style in use, so some elements may not be reflected. This category of import must be corrected. For example,

•    Turabian uses headline style for titles, APA uses a modified sentence style.
•    Turabian uses the full author name, APA uses last name with initials. 
•    Turabian uses series titles, APA does not.

GARBAGE IN, GARBAGE OUT

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Citing in Word

Editing or deleting citations, creating separate bibliographies, working with styles, using a footnote style, word bibliography settings.

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EndNote can add citations in Word almost automatically and also change from one citation style to another.

After you've added references to your EndNote library, to cite them in Word, one recommended way is to go to Word, open a document, then click on the EndNote ribbon in Word, then click the magnifying glass icon at the left of the ribbon. A new window should open. In the Find field, you can search for the citation to add by any word in the reference or search for * and all references in your EndNote library will be listed. Click on the reference you want to cite, and then click the Insert button. You can also use the control key to select more than one reference to cite at one time. Word will use the citation style that is selected in the EndNote ribbon, and you can change the style by clicking the Style list or click Select Another Style to search for a style that is installed on the computer but not yet listed. If the style needed is not installed, you can download the style from EndNote's website, save it in EndNote desktop, and then select it in Word.

Some other ways to add citations in Word (other than using the magnifying glass icon to search for the citations) are: click the lower part of the magnifying glass icon (says "Insert Citation"). The option "Insert Citation" simply opens the find citation window like the magnifying glass does. The option "Insert  Selected Citation(s)" adds the citation that is selected in the EndNote library. Another way to add a citation is to select the needed reference in EndNote and then click the "Insert Citation" icon in the EndNote desktop toolbar or click the EndNote Tools menu + point at Cite While You Write + click Insert Selected Citation(s). Or you could select the needed reference and click Alt + 2 to add that citation to the current location in Word. Yet another way to add the citation is to drag the reference (the one-line listing) from the EndNote library to the correct location in the Word document.

Some ways to change an in-text citation are: when using the magnifying glass icon to find and add a citation, instead of clicking directly on the Insert button, click the down arrow that is part of that button; this provides the options of adding the citation as Author (Year) or Excluding the Author or Excluding the Year or adding the item in the Bibliography only (not as an in-text citation). If an in-text citation has already been added and one of these options is needed, you can right-click the in-text citation, then point at the sub-menu Edit Citations and click the appropriate option. One addition option in this menu is Exclude Author & Year. Yet another way to access these same option is to click the in-text citation, then click Edit & Manage Citation(s) in the EndNote ribbon. This opens a new window. Make sure the correct in-text citation is selected in the upper part of the window. Then the same options can be selected using the Formatting list. In addition, this window allows adding Prefix, Suffix, or Pages to the in-text citation. Most citation styles as implemented in EndNote (as I understand) do not make use of the Pages field. The APA style is the only one I know of that does use the Pages field. If paging is needed in another citation style, you may have to provide the appropriate punctuation and paging in the Suffix field (for example, ", pp. 23-24").

Some ways to delete an in-text citation are: completely select the in-text citation and press the delete key. Or backspace through the in-text citation. (This should result in the in-text citation being deleted before having to backspace all the way through.) Another way is to right-click the in-text citation, then click the More sub-menu, this opens the Edit & Manage Citations window. Make sure the intended in-text citation is selected at the top, then click the down arrow on the Edit Reference button for that citation and then click Remove Citation. This option can also be accessed by clicking the in-text citation and then click Edit & Manage Citation(s) in the EndNote ribbon. This window also provides direct access to deleting one reference from a multiple-reference citation. Find the multiple-citation in the window and then click the citation for the specific reference, then click the down arrow beside the Edit Reference button and click Remove Citation.

Subject Bibliographies

Click the Tools menu + Subject Bibliography. Example: for creating an Author name bibliography—click Author, possibly uncheck “list each author separately”, click OK, then click “Select All”, then click OK. Next, click the Layout button, click the “Bibliography Layout” tab and delete any data under “Start each Reference with”, click the Terms tab, and uncheck “Subject Term Counts”, then click the Print or Save button. You can save the file as rich text (includes font formatting and can be opened in Word), HTML, or as text.

Copying Formatted Citations

Select the references in EndNote that you want to use in the bibliography and then click the EndNote Edit menu + Copy Formatted, then paste into Word or email

Copying a Citation from Preview

In EndNote desktop with the desired citation format selected, in the library panel click the item you want to cite and in the PDF viewer panel (the tabbed panel) at the right, with the Preview tab selected, you can highlight and copy the formatted citation.

Styles in EndNote Desktop and Word

EndNote desktop. To select a citation style in EndNote desktop, select the style in the list of styles at the top left of EndNote. If the needed style is not showing in the list, click Select Another Style in the list and a Choose a Style window will display with a list of all styles presently installed with EndNote on your computer. Click the style you need and click the Choose button. If the needed style is not in the list, see the next section, "Adding a Style".

Some options: you can sort the list of styles in the Choose a Style window by either the name of the style or by its Category (usually a subject discipline) by clicking on the Name or Category labels at the top of the listing. Click into the list and depending on how the list is sorted, you can type the first letter (or quickly type the first few letters) and EndNote will display that part of the list. (If the list is sorted by Name, EndNote will use the Name ordering; if sorted by Category, the Category ordering.) If you click the Style Info/Preview button, you can see how the selected style cites a few example references. This can be helpful if you need to choose a style with certain attributes (for example, a style that is numbered and that italicizes the journal title) or if you are looking for a style that is like another style (trying to find one that is more completely defined).

Word. The list of styles available in Word is the same as what is available in EndNote. To add a new style in Word, you would add the style in EndNote. To select a style in Word, click the EndNote ribbon in Word and then click the Style list in the ribbon. You can simply select a style from the list and Word will reformat all EndNote citations in the current document in the newly selected style. If the style you need is not in the list, click Select Another Style. You can navigate this window with some of the same options as in EndNote desktop's Choose a Style window (described above). Click the needed style and then click the OK button. If the needed style is not included in the list, you can add the needed style to EndNote desktop (see the information in the next section, Adding a Style).

Adding a Style

If you need to add a new style to EndNote desktop, go to the EndNote website , click the Downloads menu, scroll down to Output styles and click Add output styles. Search for the citation style using the style name or the journal name (or using the other search options). If you find the style, click the style name and then click the Download this style button. The browser should download the style. Next double-click the downloaded file and EndNote should open the style in an EndNote style window. To add the style to your EndNote styles, click File + Save as. If you do not have the style yet, you can delete the word Copy in the style name. After that, the style should be findable in EndNote or Word's list of styles.

Viewing/Editing a Style

To view or edit a style in EndNote, click Edit + point at Output Styles. Two options listed here are editing the currently selected style or Open Style Manager where you can select any of the installed styles. For an example to see more of these details, select the option to edit the currently selected style. This opens the style editing window. The window has a table of contents type column to the left with many elements of the style that are accessible from the table of contents. The top section of the table of contents includes general settings for the style; the Citations section has settings for how the in-text citations will be formatted; the Bibliography (or Footnotes) section has settings for how the references will be formatted.

One very important section is Bibliography (or Footnotes) Templates. Click Templates under Bibliography. Each template defines how EndNote will create references for items of that template's Reference Type (for example, the Book Reference Type or the Journal Article Reference Type). Styles vary significantly in how many reference types are defined in EndNote's version of the style. If you are citing a Reference Type that is not defined in the selected style (for example, perhaps a Patent), EndNote will use the Generic Reference Type (which will probably not be entirely correct). If you click the Reference Types button at the top of the window, you can see a list of all possible Reference Types with check-marks indicating the ones that are defined in that style. A further comment about EndNote's version of a citation style. I have been told by EndNote technical support that employees from their company take the instructions to authors from journal websites to create the style in EndNote. If the instructions to the author only give a few examples of types of references, the EndNote style is likely to also have few templates defined. Some strategies for dealing with this are: 1) if possible, choose a citation style that has more reference types defined; 2) if a citation style is based on another style (for example, a given journal's style being based on the Chicago Manual of Style) it may be possible to add templates from the original style (though changes may be required); 3) it may be possible to edit a template from another style by reference to citations in journal articles from the journal (it may be easy to make mistakes editing the templates because of the special characters in the templates!); 4) EndNote support can help (their contact information is on the EndNote.com website).

You can click Reference Types and then select a Reference Type that is not yet defined and EndNote will add that Reference Type to the list of templates. However, the template details still have to be created. Most of the information in the template appears to be the names of fields in the EndNote reference data. When citing a reference, where a field name appears in the template, EndNote will put the data that is in that field (so, where the template says Author, EndNote will put the data from the Author field). Most of the punctuation in the template is also used as punctuation in the resulting citations (it is just copied into the citation). There are a few special characters in the templates that have a special meaning: the straight line (forced separation), a diamond symbol (link adjacent text), single backquotes (used for actually displaying text that happens to be a field name, such as DOI), and up arrows (that are used to offer alternate versions of singular and plural terms). Many of these items can be selected from the Insert Field button at the top right of the style editing window.

For much more information, see the EndNote Style Editing Guide . (On that screen there are links for the Windows and Mac PDFs beneath the video.) Be sure to check the last section, "An Easier Way: Editing Existing Styles" which begins "A far easier way to create an EndNote Style is to edit a style that already exists and save it with a new name." Also helpful is a table beginning on page 37 about the special characters used in creating the templates for reference types.

Accuracy of EndNote's citations

There are several contributing factors that result in the citations being accurate or not. Among these are: EndNote has around 6,000 styles. Only about 500 are typically installed, however, it is easy to add styles. EndNote creates these style files (files that the program uses to format citations in the different citation styles) from the instructions to authors on journal and style organization (such as APA) sites. I am more confident of this point in regard to particular journal’s citation styles. I’m not sure if the entire APA style as implemented in EndNote is based on instruction to authors. EndNote may well have referred to that style’s published manual. Very often, journals' instructions to authors will only give a few types of citations, maybe books, journal articles, conference papers, book chapters, and websites. If that is all the journal shows a definition for, that’s what EndNote will include in their file. And when a reference that you are citing has a reference type (for example, Thesis) that happens to not be defined in the style that you are using, then EndNote will format the citation using its Generic reference type. So, it can be important when working with a new style to see how thoroughly it is defined and in particular to see whether all of the reference types you are citing are defined in the style. And I think it is also important to review the citations in Word to see that things are being cited as expected. It’s likely that if one uses a well-established and often-used style such as APA that some level of confidence will develop. Some of the other factors for inaccurate citations include wrong data in a database. This might be more likely in Google Scholar since editors do not check the data, however, any database could have wrong data. Another possibility of error is in the data transfer because there is an assignment of a given database field to an EndNote field. Typically these details do not result in an abundance of inaccuracies, however, I would not expect no errors in the citations. There is certainly variation between the databases (one EBSCO database was including author’s emails with author’s names in the author name field for a while because EBSCO obtained the data from the data provider that way—however that is not the usual case) and variation between the citation styles (especially individual journal styles). One other significant source of inaccurate citations is that there could be an error in the template in a citation style that tells EndNote how to format a citation for a given reference type. These templates have two specific characters (for "forced separation" and "link adjacent text") that perform a certain function in the citations and are intended to cause citations to format as well as possible when there is some missing data (such as no journal issue number). If you see a case where EndNote is incorrectly formatting a citation and the template for the reference type is defined in EndNote's style file, you may want to contact EndNote technical support (or me). They can route the request to colleagues who can edit their citation style file.

Most of this guide talks about adding citations as endnotes, not as footnotes, however, in this section is some information about using a footnote style. I will use the Chicago 16th Footnote style as an example. I only have limited experience in working with footnotes, so these are just introductory comments. When you have this style selected in Word, to add a footnote, you place the cursor in the document where you want to add a footnote and then use the Word menus and ribbons to insert the footnote number. In Word 2016 on the PC, the command to add a footnote is accessed through the References menu, then by clicking the Insert Footnote icon. This is in the Footnotes section toward the left of the ribbon. The Insert Footnote icon has the image AB ¹. Clicking that icon in Word will add the superscript footnote number in the text and will start a footnote field at the foot of that page. While the cursor is in the footnote field, to add the actual reference, click the EndNote menu in Word, click the Insert Citation icon (the double quotes with the magnifying glass), in the window that opens in Word, search for the needed citation in the list of references from your open EndNote library or libraries, and then click the Insert button. That should add the selected citation into the footnote field. The Chicago footnote style is configured to also create a list of references that by default is displayed at the last of the text document. (The list can appear before a footnote if one appears on that same page.) If you need to add cited page(s) to the footnote, right-click the footnote reference, then point at Edit Citation(s) in the context menu, then click More in the sub-menu and put the cited page(s) in the Pages field. The information added for the cited page(s) will appear in the footnote reference, however, not in the list of references at the last of the document. (One journal article I cited had the same page number as part of the journal article reference, so that page number did appear in the reference list.) If you're citing a footnote in a document, you can input the cited page where the cited footnote appears (for example, page 100) followed by the footnote number (for example 1) as 100n1

Although it is fairly easy to change from one EndNote style to another, it is not automatic to change from a footnote style to an endnote style (a style that does not use footnotes). The problem likely has to do with the fact that Word adds the footnote numbers and footnote fields and EndNote is inputting only the reference information into the footnote fields. So, EndNote does not remove the footnote fields when trying to change to a non-footnote style. I have been told before that EndNote technical support may have some extra software tools to help change from a footnote style to an endnote style.

In Word's EndNote Ribbon in the middle column of the ribbon beside the word Bibliography is a small icon (square with an arrow) that opens the Bibliography Dialog Window. On the Format Bibliography tab, some of the elements are: Temporary Citation Delimiters--these are the symbols that are used to enclose EndNote's temporary citations. If you unformat citations or are working with Instant Formatting off and add a new citation, these symbols will appear around the temporary citation (a code version of the in-text citation). In some circumstances, if you are using the symbols elsewhere in the document for some other purpose, it can create additional prompting from EndNote if EndNote is trying to process the symbols as part of a temporary citation. For that or another reason, a person might want to change the temporary citation delimiters, however, this is not a typical case (where the delimiters need to be changed), just an option. Link in-text citations to references in the bibliography--this causes Word to create links from the in-text citation to the references. The linking can interfere with editing the in-text citations (when editing is needed--because when clicking the in-text citation to edit, the linking goes to the bibliography), and sometimes people will turn off (uncheck) this option until later in the editing (perhaps just before finalizing the document). On the Layout tab, some elements are: The font and font size used for the bibliography, the bibliography title and text formatting for the title, the starting number for a numbered bibliography (this might be useful for cases where one has earlier numbering in another document), indenting for the references in the bibliography and line spacing within references and between references in the bibliography.

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• Last Updated: Mar 19, 2024 2:55 PM
• URL: https://tamu.libguides.com/endnote

• Welcome to EndNote
• Installation
• EndNote Versions
• Adding References
• Cite-While-You-Write
• Bibliographies
• Attaching Files
• Editing Citations
• Format Paper with any word processor
• Shared Library
• EndNote Online
• Moving from EndNote to Zotero (or the reverse)
• Top Problem Tips

Manually enter references

Open EndNote and look at the top for References. Click on "new reference" to open the template. Select the "reference type," for example journal article, book, book section, thesis or another from the drop-down menu. Fill in the fields you need; you do not need to fill in all the suggested fields.

• The best practice is to enter the author's name: last name, first name, middle name (or initials).
• Keep the name the same for each separate author; if you use Robert E. Lee as the author, don't also enter his name as Robert Lee or Robert Edward Lee.
• The output style will take care of turning the author's names in initials rather than full name if that is what the style calls for.
• If there are multiple authors, place them on separate lines in the author field.
• It is best practice, too, only to capitalize proper nouns. The output style will take care of necessary capitalization, so enter the text in lower case.

Open EndNote and look at the top for References click on "new reference" to open the template Select the "reference type," for example journal article, book, book section, thesis or another from the drop-down menu. Fill in the fields you need; you do not need to fill in all the suggested fields.

• The best practice is to enter the author's name: last name, first name, middle name (or initials)
• Keep the name the same for each separate author; if you use Robert E. Lee as the author, don't also enter his name as Robert Lee or Robert Edward Lee
• The output style will take care of turning the author's names in initials rather than full name if that is what the style calls for
• If there are multiple authors, place them on separate lines in the author field

Import with an EndNote Filter

Most vendors and publishers provide for direct downloading of references. Some, however, do not, and in that case you import the references using an EndNote filter. Do your search and save the references as a text file. Open EndNote and look under "File" for import.

When you have chosen the import file you saved, go to "Import Option". The import option will correspond to the name of the database you searched. If you don't see the filter you need, use the filter's  drop-down menu to choose another one.

 Select the name of the database/vendor you have searched.  Use the drop down menu after Import Option to see a list of those available

Here is a sample of how the menu looks.

 Chose the text file you saved and put it in the Import file box.

Use a connection file

A connection file allows you to search remote libraries from within EndNote and to download references into your EndNote Library.

Go to Tools, then "Online Search".

When you click on "Online Search" a drop down menu of institutions will appear. Choose one to establish a connection.

• Go to Tools
• Open Connection Files
• Select Indiana U
• Connection Settings

The connection file will also import non-roman, vernacular language characters into the notes field.

A search pane will open and you can search, using the various options EndNote offers: Author, title... You can search a single field or combine fields.

NOTE:  Connection files  are primarily useful for connecting to other libraries.

From the list you can save (selected) references into a group or into all references.  If you save to a group, the references will go into All References anyway.

Go to Tools, then "Online Search"

When you click on "online search" a drop down menu of institutions will appear. Choose one to establish a connection.

To import the results of the search You will see three icons:

The books icon: The books icon is a path to your full library

The world icon: If you choose the world icon you will create a temorary download file. Choose the items you wish and right click to copy. You can then chose the library into which you wish to copy the selected items. References will copy into the selected library.

You may also chose the references you wish to copy and open your library with the books icon Then paste the records into the library.

The books and world icon: The books and world icon will import the online search results directly into all references in your Endnote Library

NOTE: Set the icon you prefer before you begin you search. Many prefer the world option (the temporary download file) which allows you to select only the references you want to transfer into your EndNote library.

NOTE:  Connection files  are primarily useful for connecting to other libraries.  

Download from databases

Most major vendors offer a direct export to EndNote option.

Do a search, say in EBSCO's Academic Search, and save the records you wish to download (export)

When you look at your list of records, you will see the option:

Select "Export" and you will see:

The records will download directly into EndNote

The language of direct export will vary some from database to database.

• JSTOR it is "Export citation",
• ProQuest products it is "Export/Save",
• Web of Knowledge it is "Send to",
• 19th Century Masterfile it is "Export" then "Download",
• Gale products it is "Citation Tools" then "Export to third party software: EndNote."

Import from Google Scholar

 Google Scholar

Look to the upper left of the screen where you will see three parallel bars and "Google Scholar"

Click on the three parallel bars and on the list you see next scroll down to Settings

In "Bibliography Manager" you will see "Show links to import into" with the default set to BibTeX  Change the default to EndNote and SAVE

The option "Import into EndNote" will now appear beneath records generated by your Google Scholar search

These records will import into you EndNote Library, but they will import only one citation at a time.

A connection file allows you to search remote libraries from within EndNote and to download references into your EndNote Library. Go to Tools, then "Online Search" When you click on "online search" a drop down menu of institutions will appear. Choose one to establish a connection. Note: The connection file for IUCAT (Indiana U) in EndNote does not import diacritics. To import them, you may use IndianaUUnicode.enz or manually edit the connection file: Go to Edit Open Connection Files Select Indiana U Connection Settings Change ANSEL to Unicode (UTF-8) The connection file will also import non-roman, vernacular language characters into the notes field.

From the list you can save (selected) references no a grope or into all references.  If you save to a group, the references will go into All References anyway.

Google Scholar

If you have a collection of PDFs you can ask EndNote to import them and the bibliographic information into your Endnote library.

You should have your preference set properly as outlined in installation and additional settings.

• Go to File, then Import. Choose file.
• After Import file: select choose and browse to the PDF on your computer you want to import
• After import option, choose PDF from the drop down menu
• Click on import

You can also choose to import a folder full of PDFs

• Go to File, then Import.  Chose folder
• After Import Folder: Choose the folder that contains the PDFs
• After import option, choose the  PDF from the drop down menu

If EndNote can read the metadata contained in the PDF and find a DOI (digital object identifier) the program will import the bibliographic information.  If not it will import only the PDF itself.

If EndNote can read the metadata contained in the PDF and find a DOI (digital object identifies) the program will import the bibliographic infomation.  If not it will import only the PDF itself.

EndNote Capture Reference Tool

July 22, 2020

•Knowledge

• To turn on the bookmarks toolbar in Chrome, navigate to the top right, click the menu icon (the 3 dots) and select ‘Bookmarks’ and ‘show Bookmarks Bar’. Alternatively, you can press Ctrl+Shift+B (in Windows) or Command+Shift+B (in macOS).
• To turn on the bookmarks toolbar in Firefox, click the ‘View’ menu at the top of the screen, go down to Toolbars and select ‘Bookmarks Toolbar’.
• To turn on the bookmarks bar in Safari, click on the ‘View’ menu in Safari and select ‘Show Favorites Bar’.

If you do not already have an EndNote Web account, create one and use it to install the Capture tool for your browser. Drag the Capture Reference icon to your browser toolbar

To use Capture Reference Go to the site from which want to download references Display the results

Click on Capture EndNote Reference in your browser's toolbar

If you are not logged onto your account, you will be prompted to do so.

Check to see that all the information in the references is properlyt imported into the fields of the EndNote form and edit as necessary. (Not all fields may be populated)

Save to EndNote Web or EndNote (Desktop) If the import is completed successfully you will see the message: "The reference was captured successfully."

Using Import Filters

Most vendors provide for direct downloading of references. Some, however, do not, and in that case you import the references using an EndNote filter Do your search and save the references as a text file. Open EndNote and look under "File" for import.

When you have chosen, the Import file you saved, go to "Import Option". The import option will correspond to the name of the database you searched.  If you don't see the filter you need, use the filters   drop-down menu to choose another one.

From the list of imported references, copy (or rag and drop) the references you want to keep into groups 

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Additional resources

Featured databases.

• Resource available to authorized IU Bloomington users (on or off campus) OneSearch@IU
• Resource available to authorized IU Bloomington users (on or off campus) Academic Search (EBSCO)
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• Resource available without restriction HathiTrust Digital Library
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EndNote Library Management

• EndNote Quick Start
• EndNote for APA
• EndNote for AMA 11
• Using the EndNote Tools in Word
• Getting Citations from EndNote to MS Word
• Formatting EndNote Citations in MS Word
• Creating Bibliographies with EndNote
• Bibliography from Multiple Documents
• Hyperlink Citations in a Bibliography
• Manuscript Templates and Matcher in Word
• Grouping Multiple Citations
• Missing EndNote Toolbar in Word
• EndNote terminology
• Setting EndNote Preferences
• Working with Libraries in EndNote
• EndNote Term Lists
• EndNote Output Styles
• Endnote Reference Types

In This Guide

Working with endnote reference types, getting references into endnote manually.

• EndNote Quick Edit
• Importing into EndNote
• EndNote Export/Import Table
• Searching EndNote Libraries
• Organizing References in Endnote
• Enter References Manually
• Insert EndNote References into PowerPoint This link opens in a new window
• EN Common Questions
• EndNote with Google Docs CWYW (Cite While You Write) This link opens in a new window

The basis of reference management in EndNote -- from importing citations to formatting references in a bibliography – is the reference type. Each reference type consists of a collection of labeled fields, which vary based on the reference type. For example, the book type includes fields for publisher and place of publication, two fields that are not available in the journal article type.

Each EndNote reference contains the information needed to cite the reference in a bibliography plus extra fields such as abstracts, notes, keywords, URLs, etc. References can be added manually or imported from a database (see Importing from databases into EndNote ). The References menu contains the options for manipulating references, such as creating a new reference, editing or deleting an existing reference, or showing and hiding selected records.

 It is best to select the reference type before entering the bibliographic information in a reference; however, it can be changed at any time using the Reference Type drop-down menu at the top of the reference window.

Customizing reference types

Field labels for all reference types except generic can be modified. To modify field labels for a type:

• Go to the Preferences option under the Edit menu
• Click on the Reference Types option
• click on the Modify Reference Types button
• Choose the reference type to be modified from the drop-down menu

For any reference type, only those fields with a label are displayed in the reference window. For example, Number of volumes will not be a field option for a journal article.

Modifying field names and adding new fields to a reference type

The left column of the table lists the field names for the generic reference type, which cannot be modified. The column to the right of the generic reference type contains name of the reference type selected and the field names for the selected reference type -- both be edited. There are five fields that are undefined for all reference types - Custom 2 through Custom 7 (Custom 1 is used for a couple of reference types).

Adding new reference types

Three reference types (Unused 1, Unused 2, and Unused 3) are provided specifically for customization. Change the reference type name and label fields as desired. If additional reference types are needed, existing reference types that are not intended to be used (perhaps map or artwork) can be renamed and modified.

Hiding reference types from the drop-down menu in the reference window

To keep the reference types that are not used from being displayed in the drop-down menu, open the reference types table and add a period in front of the name of the type to hide. For example, if the Artwork type is never used, change the name of the type to .Artwork.

Resetting EndNote default settings

To reset the default settings for reference types, click the EndNote defaults button on the Reference type preferences window.

From the References menu, select New reference . . . This calls up a window in which citation data can be entered by hand. Select the appropriate reference type from the drop-down menu, and enter data into fields as described below. Not all fields have to be used. Use the Enter key to begin a new line in the same field; use the Tab key to jump to the next field.

Names:  Author and editor names must be listed one name per line. Using the format lastname, firstname is recommended. Use periods after initials, such as Smith, A. A., or a space between initials, Smith, A A

By default, the author field is set to work with the author term list. Subsequent occurrences of a name will automatically be filled in. To accept a suggested name, press the Enter or Tab key. If a name hasn’t already been used in the library, it will be in red text. To disable this feature, go to the Preferences option in the Edit menu.

• For anonymous works , leave the author field blank, unless the author is actually listed as “Anonymous”
• For works with many authors , include as many authors as known. If all authors are not known, enter et al. or and others as the last author name, followed by a comma.
• For corporate authors (such as the U. S. Centers for Disease Control), enter the name followed by a comma. (This prevents EndNote from inverting the name.)  For multi-layered corporate authors, like U. S. Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics, enter the name like this: U. S. Centers for Disease Control,,National Center for Health Statistics (that’s two commas between the two levels, none at the end). For three- or more level names, use two commas between the first two levels, one between other levels, none at the end.
• For complex author names , enter names in this format: de Gaulle, Charles and Smith, Alfred, Jr.

Year:  Enter the four-digit year (such as 1987) or in press or in preparation, as appropriate.

Titles:  Enter titles without a period or any other punctuation at the end. For long titles, do not use the Enter key; just allow the title to wrap around to the next line. It is best to enter the title capitalized as it will appear in the bibliography, as output styles cannot handle more than one type of title capitalization per reference (such as an article title and a journal title).

Journal:  Enter the full journal title. By default, the journal title field is set to work with the journal term list. Subsequent occurrences of a title will automatically be filled in. To accept a suggested journal title, press the Tab key.  If desired, enter the journal title abbreviation in the Alternate Journal field.  See the  Term List LibGuide  for information about the journals term list and importing the NLM medical journal and other types of journal title abbreviations.

Pages: Page ranges can be entered in full (342-346) or condensed (342-6) format. Do not use commas in page numbers in the thousands.

Edition: Enter 1st, 2nd, etc. as appropriate; do not include edition or ed. When EndNote formats a bibliography, it does not reformat the information in this field.

Date: Enter dates as appropriate. When EndNote formats a bibliography, it does not reformat the information in this field.

ID Numbers: EndNote has a number of fields for identifying numbers.  The DOI is for the DOI (digital object identifier) for online articles.  The Accession Number is for numbers identifying references in a database, like the PMID number in MEDLINE and PubMed.

Keywords: Enter keywords associated with the reference, such as subject descriptors, class name, project title, etc. By default, the Keyword field is set to work with the keyword term list. Subsequent occurrences of a keyword will be automatically filled in. To accept a suggested keyword, press the Enter or Tab key.

Notes: Enter personal notes about the work.

Abstract: Enter a brief description of the work. When references are imported from databases, often the abstracts are imported too.

URL : Enter the uniform resource locator (Web address). With a URL in this field, use the Open Link command from the References menu to launch the browser and open that site. For this to work properly, the URL, beginning with http://, must be the only information in this field. This can also be used to link to files on a local computer.

For information on the use of other fields, consult Help in EndNote toolbar.

Importing from databases

This is a quicker and easier method of getting citations into EndNote rather than entering references manually. Depending on the electronic resource you use, there will be different steps to follow in export and import your references.  To export, select the desired references and follow the instructions in the tables from the  Endnote Import/Export Guide . To import into EndNote, go to the File menu, then select Import ... then follow the instructions listed in the table. Note: Import filters must be saved in the c:\program files\endnote x- \filters. [ Note: Replace x- with version of EndNote used]

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• Last Updated: Feb 9, 2024 10:29 AM
• URL: https://libguides.utoledo.edu/endnote

EndNote 101

• Download EndNote
• Build a Library

Methods for Adding References

Adding references manually, exporting references from databases, video: adding endnote references from the library's search system, importing pdfs, video: adding & organizing references in endnote.

• Create Groups
• Cite EndNote References in Microsoft Word
• Find Full Text PDFs
• EndNote Online/Web
• Alumni Access

There are three main ways to populate your EndNote library with references:

• Add references manually (this may be necessary for material like datasets or archival objects)
• Export references from bibliographic databases, including the Library Search System
• Import PDFs (for downloaded PDFs that you already have saved to your computer)
• Select References > "New Reference" from the top navigation menu OR click the New Reference icon, designated by a clipboard with a + mark.
• In the appearing dialogue box, select the appropriate reference type, such as Journal Article, from the drop-down menu. (This is important because it determines the fields that will show in the citation.)
• Enter the bibliographic information for the source.
• Click "Save".

Tips for Manually Adding References

• Remember to enter multiple author names on separate lines (with a hard return after each name).  
• You can enter author names either last name, first name ("Smith, Jane") or first name last name ("Jane Smith").
• When entering a corporate or institutional author name like "Brown University" or "Centers for Disease Control," enter a comma after the name. This will prevent EndNote from inverting or abbreviating the name as it would for an individual authors.
• When typing in the title of an item, do not use the hard return. Instead, let EndNote wrap the text for you.

In many library-subscribed databases, you can do a search and export citation information for multiple sources from your results into EndNote. This is a lot faster and more accurate than manual entry.

• Choose the database you want to search from the library website. Note: not all databases will create output in the same format; some databases do not provide export features.
• Conduct a search in your database of choice.
• Typically, you can select the citations you want to export to EndNote by clicking a checkbox next to them.
• Look for the words "download," "export," or "send to" (usually somewhere toward the top of your list of results). Follow any appearing prompts, selecting options for EndNote, bibliographic reference manager, or RIS file.
• This should create and download a RIS file. The file is typically found in your Downloads folder. Click once on the RIS file while EndNote is open on your computer.
• The newly downloaded reference should import and appear in your library under a temporary folder called Imported References. This folder is located in the left navigation menu near All References. 

You can now open any of these references and edit, annotate, or organize them as needed

If you have a PDF file or folder of PDF files, you can import them into your library. When the PDF has a Digital Object Identifier, also known as a DOI, it will generate a reference and bring that PDF into your library. When it does not have a DOI (often the case with older scanned articles), it will only bring the PDF into your library.

• Select File from the top navigation menu and then hover over Import.
• Choose "File" if you have one PDF or "Folder" if you have a folder of multiple PDFs.
• Click "Choose..." to locate that file or folder.
• Ensure the Import Option is set to "PDF".
• Click "Import".

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• Next: Create Groups >>
• Last Updated: Aug 19, 2024 10:47 AM
• URL: https://guides.library.charlotte.edu/endnote

EndNote Online

• Register for EndNote Online
• Downloading EndNote Plug-ins
• Adding in References

EndNote Reference Examples

• Referencing Styles and Bibliography
• Using EndNote in Microsoft Word
• Organize References
• Sharing References
• Troubleshooting - FAQ

The following examples show the fields required in EndNote Online for each reference type and an example in the ATU (Galway/Mayo) Harvard reference style.

	Book	Author Title Year Place Published Publisher Edition (if not 1st)	McLaney, E.J. and Atrill, P. (2020) . 10th edn. London: Pearson.
	Edited Book	Editor Title  Year Place published Publisher Edition (if not 1st)	Peate, I. (ed.) (2021) . 4th edn. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
	Book section	Author Title Year Editor Book Title Place Published Publisher Pages Edition (if not 1st)	Lowman, R. (2019) 'Ethics and Assessment Centres', in S. Schlebusch and G. Roodt (eds.) . 2nd edn. Randburg: KR Publishing, pp. 61-76.
	Electronic book	Author Title Year Place Published Publisher Edition (if not 1st) DOI Date accessed URL	Dukelow, F. and Considine, M. (2017) . 2nd edn. Bristol: Bristol University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1t89cg8.    Iyer, N. (2021) . London: Bloomsbury India.
	Blog	Author Title of entry Year Title of WebLog Date URL Access date	Hanley, M. (2020) 'Winter solstice at Newgrange, Ireland', , 21 December. Available at: https://michaelhanley.ie/elearningcurve/winter-solstice-newgrange-ireland/ (Accessed 30 April 2021].
	Report	Author Title Year Place published Institution Report number Access date URL	Gaelic Athletic Association (2023) . Dublin: DBA Publications. Available at: https://www.gaa.ie/news/gaa-report-healthy-financial-year/ (Accessed: 15 January 2024).
	Conference paper	Author Title Year Conference name Conference location Date Place Published Publisher Pages DOI	Deacon, L. and Ní Fhloinn, E. (2023) 'Online synchronous maths support attendance post-Covid', , Dublin (Ireland), 13-14 October. Dublin: Dublin City University, pp. 124-131. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10062556.
	Conference proceeding	Author Editor Title  Year of conference Series title Conference name Conference location Place published Publisher Pages DOI or URL Date	Corcoran, P. (ed.) (2023) . Galway (Ireland), 30 August - 1 September. Dublin: Irish Pattern Recognition and Classification Society. Available at: https://iprcs.github.io/pdf/IMVIP2023_Proceeding.pdf (Accessed: 1 July 2024).   Have to enter Editors’ names in order of Initial. Surname,
	Electronic article	Author Title Year Periodical title Volume Issue  Pages Date accessed  URL or DOI	Gouveia, L., McGarraghy, S. and Brugha, C.M. (2021) 'Feature Cluster: Proceedings of the Thirtieth European Conference on Operational Research (EURO 2019) Introduction', , 291(3), p. 807. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.02.011.
	Conference paper	Author Title Year Conference name Conference location Date URL Access date	HUSSAIN, A., 2019. 'The creative case for diversity', In: . Galway, 27-28 March 2019. Available from:   [Viewed 4 May 2021].   Edit reference to add in URL and viewed date as it does not appear.
	Dataset	Investigators Title  Year Date type URL Access date	HEALTH SERVICE EXECUTIVE, 2017.  , [Dataset]. Available from:   [Viewed 4 May 2021].
	Book section	Author Title Year Editor Book title Place published Publisher Pages	SOMMER, W. & SCHOENFELD, H.M., 2019. 'Absentee'. In Berlin: De Gruyter, p. 14.
	Report	Title Year  Pages Publisher Report number	'Council Directive (EU) 2020/1151 amending Directive 92/83/EEC on the harmonization of the structures of excise duties on alcohol and alcoholic beverages' 2020   L256, pp. 1-10.
	Pamphlet	Author Title Year Publisher Place Published Type of work	CHESTER BEATTY, 2020.   [exhibition catalogue]. Exhibition held at the Chester Beatty Library, 14 June 2019 - 26 January 2020. Dublin: Chester Beatty Library.   Edit reference to add in location and date of the exhibition.
	Online Multimedia	Created by Title  Year Date cited Date accessed Type of work URL	WEEE IRELAND, 2021.   [Facebook]. 25 March. Available from:   [Viewed 6 May 2021].
	Film or Broadcast	Director Title Year released Country Distributor Medium	2019 [Film]. Directed by Greta Gerwig. USA: Columbia Pictures.
	Webpage	Author Title Year Place published Publisher Access date URL	IRELAND. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 2021.  . Dublin: Stationery Office. Available from:   [Viewed 4 May 2021].   Enter Author with 2 commas after Ireland like this: Ireland,, Department of Health
	Select relevant source: Journal article Book  Book Chapter Website	Add in 'Type of Medium' (i.e. fig., table, image)	CHAUDHARY, K., 2020. [Fig.]. Oakville, ON: Delve Publishing. CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE, 2021. [table]. CSO. Available from: [Viewed 27 May 2021].
	Online multimedia	Created by Title  Year Distributor Date accessed Type of work URL	MACENTEE, S., 2015.   [Photograph]. Flickr. Available from:    [Viewed 11 January 2021].   Distributor = Flickr; Type of work = Photograph
		Artist Title Year Date Type of work URL Access date	BURNELL, N.J., 2019.   [Photograph]. 26 November. Available from:   [Viewed 22 March 2021].   Could also use 'Online multimedia' reference type. Enter date of image manually in your reference (i.e. 26 November)
	Journal article	Author Title Year Journal Volume Issue  Pages Date	Duffy, S. (2024) 'Branding a new university: The development of Atlantic Technological University's brand identity', 9(1), pp. 25-38.
	Electronic article	Author Title Year Periodical title Volume Issue  Pages Date accessed  URL or DOI	O’Connor, S., Ehimen, E., Pillai, S.C., Lyons, G. and Bartlett, J. (2020) 'Economic and environmental analysis of small-scale anaerobic digestion plants on Irish dairy farms', , 13(3), p. 637. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/3/637 (Accessed: 18 September 2024).
	Electronic article	Author Title Year Periodical title Volume Issue  Pages E-Pub Date DOI	MacKenzie, A., O’Keeffe, J., Thurston, A. and O’Neill, N. (2024) 'The challenges of teaching maths in Irish in Irish-medium education', 43(3), pp. 481-501. Available at:
	Journal article	Author Title Year Journal Volume Issue  Article number Date	LV, Y.Z. & LI, Z.K., 2022. 'Is fully distributed adaptive protocol applicable to graphs containing a directed spanning tree?'. 65 (8) August, article number: 189203.   Edit reference to add in article number.
	Electronic article	Author Title Year Periodical title Volume Issue  Pages E-Pub Date DOI or URL Access date	CAMPEDELLI, G.M. & D’ORSOGNA, M.R., 2021. 'Temporal clustering of disorder events during the COVID-19 pandemic'. [Preprint], 16 (4), e0250433. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.06458v2 [Viewed 7 September 2021].   Edit reference to add in [Preprint] after Journal Title.
	Case	Case name Year decided Reporter volume Reporter abbreviation First page	[1999] 3 I.R. 1.
	Unpublished work	Author Title of work Year Series Title Institution Type of work URL Access date	HUGHES, M., 2011. 'Exam techniques' [lecture notes].  . Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology. Available from:   [viewed 6 May 2021].
	Unpublished work	Author Title of work Year Series Title Institution Type of work	JAMES, P., 2007. 'An introduction to law'.  . Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, unpublished.
	Map	Cartographer Title Year Series Title Place published Publisher Type Scale Call number	ORDNANCE SURVEY OF IRELAND, 1999.    Sheet 30, 1:50,000. Dublin: Ordnance Survey of Ireland. (Discovery Series).
	Web page	Author Title Year Access date URL	MINTEL, 2022. . Available from: [Viewed 17 January 2023].
	Music	Composer Title Year Album title URL Access date	KODALINE 2020. ‘Say something’.  Available from:   [Viewed 7 May 2021].   Edit reference to add in URL and viewed date.
	Generic	Author Title Year Place published Publisher Type of work	O’DONOVAN, J., 1959.    [Microfilm].  Dublin: National University of Ireland.    Edit reference to add in 'type of work' e.g. Microfilm.
	Newspaper article	Reporter Title Year Newspaper Pages Issue date	BURNS, S., 2021. 'College student's sneaker cleaning business is a runner'.  . 30 March, p. 3. Access date MURPHY, P., 2021. 'Ireland’s sculptures: Where are the women?'.  The Irish Times . 21 April. Available from:  https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/art-and-design/visual-art/ireland-s-sculptures-where-are-the-women-1.4539459  [Viewed 25 May 2021]. Edit reference to add in 'URL' and 'Date accessed'. Title of Podcast Title of show Hanjs, I., McGarry, M. and Garvey, S. (2024) Ash dieback and furniture design: ATU Podcast [Podcast]. 5 June. Available at: https://open.spotify.com/episode/69Uzju0RvNBtdfNVximv0c (Accessed: 10 September 2024). Year released Distributor Date released Liveline,  2021 RTE Radio 1. 24 May 13:45. Available from:  https://www.rte.ie/radio/radioplayer/html5/#/radio1/21957668  [Viewed 25 May 2021]. Edit reference to delete title repeated after year of publication and add in 'URL' and 'Access date'. Series Title Date recorded Date accessed Type of work DOYLE, M., 2021. Communication through body language [Recorded lecture]. Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Available from: https://web.microsoftstream.com/video/12345 [Viewed 10 May 2021]. Institution Place published NATIONAL STANDARDS AUTHORITY OF IRELAND, 2015. IS EN ISO 14644-1: Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments. Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentration . Dublin: National Standards Authority of Ireland. Name of Act Statute number ACAMPORA, H., 2017.  Interactions between seabirds and pollution in Irish waters.  Ph.D. Thesis, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology. Available from:  https://research.thea.ie/handle/20.500.12065/2214  [viewed 19 April 2021]. Edit reference to add in 'URL' and 'Access date'. TOLU_IBIXX, 2021.  Dublin TikTokers with Nigerian heritage do hilarious take on accent challenge  [TikTok]. 15 April. Available from:  https://www.tiktok.com/@tolu_ibixx?lang=en%22  [Viewed 5 May 2021]. Síle Seoige: Deireadh Tochta .  2021. TG4. 7 April: 20.00. Edit reference to have name of programme appear once (as above). ‘Iarnród Enda’.  2021.  Ennis to Kilkee,  Series 1, episode 3. RTE 1, 19 April, 20.30. Edit reference to have name of programme appear once (as above) and replace with name of episode, series number and episode number.. NOLAN, B., 2021.  Pretty pastel swirls grace the sky as #twilight subsumes the #sunset, lifting yellow, blue, cream, ochre, and violet hues off the artist’s palette, creating Mother Nature’s spring wardrobe, this evening at Barna  [Twitter]. 7 April. Available from:  https://twitter.com/GalwayWalks  [Viewed 6 May 2021]. Edit reference to ​​​​insert date before URL.  ATU CHANNEL, 2021.  ATU Virtual Choir performs Bohemian Rhapsody  [Online video]. Available from:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7NXIv53jyQ  [Viewed 4 May 2021]. Edit reference to make title in italics.  << Previous: Adding in References Next: Referencing Styles and Bibliography >> Last Updated: Sep 18, 2024 5:04 PM URL: https://atlantictu.libguides.com/endnote Vancouver referencing style About Vancouver referencing style Additional referencing information EndNote and Vancouver referencing Reference list / Bibliography In-text citations Indirect citation / Secondary source ChatGPT and other generative AI tools Dictionaries / Encyclopaedias Specialised health resources Journal articles Conferences Government / Reports Thesis - print Thesis retrieved from fulltext database or internet. Other Internet sources Social media Pamphlets / Brochures / Package inserts Lecture notes Audiovisual material Personal communication Legal material Tables / Figures / Images / Appendices Elements of the citation Author - family name followed by initials. Thesis title [type of thesis]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Note:  - insert "dissertation" for a PhD and              - insert "master's thesis" for a master's degree Reference list In-text reference The research is support by Kay (1)... EndNote reference type Thesis field: enter - type of thesis Elements of the citation Author - family named followed by initials. Thesis title [type of thesis/dissertation on the Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited date – year month day]. Available from: URL for [type of thesis/dissertation on the Internet]            - insert "d for a PhD            - insert "m  for a master's degree Reference list In-text reference The research... EndNote reference type Thesis   << Previous: Government / Reports Next: Webpages >> Last Updated: Aug 5, 2024 4:04 PM URL: https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing/vancouver Dissertation Subject Guide Welcome to Dissertation guide! Choosing a topic Scoping searches What type of review? Methodology Search strategy Grey Literature Reference Management Software (Endnote etc.) Screening papers & PRISMA flow diagram Data Extraction Critical Appraisal Data Synthesis Data Analysis Common errors to avoid Writing up dissertation Formatting Dissertation Dissertation Take-Off Recordings The benefits of using Reference Management software Using Reference Management Software for writing your dissertation can be very beneficial keeps all your research papers in one place (and sometimes pdfs) can help you screen your research papers for systematic reviews, literature reviews, scoping reviews - see PRISMA helps you organise your research papers for every section in your dissertation creates citations and references for you What reference management software to use? We provide support for ENDNOTE at University of Dundee Library and Learning Centre.  EndNote  is software for managing references. It has three main features;  Capturing references of journal articles, books and other resources from literature searches  Managing and organising your references in your personal  EndNote  Library  of references  Insert references from your EndNote Library into Word documents, essays, dissertations etc. These can be inserted in a variety of standard referencing formats including  Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, APA, MHRA  and  Oscola Synch with up to 3 devices including Iphone and Ipad Share and collaborate with colleagues EndNote Desktop is available free to all staff and students from the managed University Desktop on campus (Apps Anywhere) or downloadable for home use . Other software such as mendeley and zotero are also available but are not supported currently by university of dundee library and learning centre.. PLEASE REMEMBER THAT NO REFERENCE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE IS PERFECT. KEEP IT SIMPLE AND ALWAYS CHECK THAT YOU'RE REFERENCING STYLE IS CORRECT FOR YOUR SCHOOL. Videos on Endnote 20 (Harvard Referencing style) EndNote 20: Installation instructions for personal download EndNote 20: Adding Full Journal Name List part 1 EndNote 20: Adding Full Journal Name and Harvard part 2 EndNote 20: Importing from PubMed EndNote 20: Selecting your reference style Cite The Right - Harvard EndNote 20: Getting started with your word documents: citing and reference list (Harvard) EndNote 20: Adding multiple in-text citations (Harvard) EndNote 20: When the author's name is used within the text and you only want the year in brackets (Harvard) EndNote 21: Adding website details to your EndNote library (Harvard) EndNote 20: Remember the comma for organisation names! (Harvard) Endnote 20: Removing duplicates from Endnote << Previous: Grey Literature Next: Screening papers & PRISMA flow diagram >> Last Updated: Sep 11, 2024 3:54 PM URL: https://libguides.dundee.ac.uk/dissertation University of Michigan Library Research Guides Microsoft Word for Dissertations Footnotes, Endnotes, & Citations Introduction, Template, & Resources Formatting for All Readers Applying a Style Modifying a Style Setting up a Heading 1 Example Images, Charts, Other Objects Cross-References Appendix Figures & Tables Table of Contents List of Figures/Tables Chapter and Section Numbering Page Numbers Landscape Pages Combining Chapter Files Commenting and Reviewing Tips & Tricks The Two-inch Top Margin Troubleshooting Finalizing Without Styles Preparing Your Final Document Take a break Footnotes and Endnotes To use Word's built-in footnote/endnote tool: Put your cursor where you want to insert your new footnote or endnote. In the References tab, click  Insert Footnote or Insert Endnote . Remember, too, that you can format the Style of your endnote/footnote as discussed in the Modifying a Style section. Unsurprisingly, footnotes use the "Footnote Text" style, and endnotes use the "Endnote Text" style. You may need to open the Styles Pane and set it to show "All Styles" to find and modify those styles. Viewing All Your Footnotes in One Place If you'd like to see all of your footnotes (or endnotes) in one place, here's how to do it: Go to the View tab and select Draft view (located near the left side of the ribbon) Go to the References tab and select Show Notes That will open a view of all your notes so you can easily edit, remove extra paragraph/return characters, and make paragraph or indent spacing changes. Just avoid trying to globally change font sizes here -- if you "Select All" and change the font size, that will change the font size for the note text AND the superscript number.  Instead, remember that those two things are controlled by Styles -- Footnote Text  (for the text) and Footnote Reference  (for the footnote number). Modify those styles instead. Microsoft Word has built-in tools for managing/formatting citations. They work fine for more modestly sized documents, but for a dissertation, it's likely that you'll need greater control and flexibility than Word provides. We encourage you to take advantage of a dedicated citation/source management tool like EndNote, Zotero, or Mendeley. These citation management applications allow you to store your sources and easily insert properly-formatted citations into Word. They will automatically format both in-text citations and a bibliography. You can learn more by visiting our Guide to Managing Citations with Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote Study and research support Alternative reference types in EndNote Can't find the source type you want in EndNote? Check our list of alternative reference types. In each entry, we also offer tips on which fields to use for this information so that your references are formatted correctly in your documents. If you're manually entering your references in the LeedsUniHarvard or LeedsUniNumeric styles, and the reference type you need is neither in EndNote's drop-down menu nor included in our list of alternatives, please use the "Generic" option and create a reference that includes the appropriate fields. Reference type Instructions Formatting tips Act of Parliament Use Legal rule or regulation. Enter the year of the act in the Year field, rather than in the Title field. Use the Section Number field for the chapter. If the Act is online, add [Online]. to the Section Number field, and the access date and URL to the Publisher field. Blog Use Blog. Enter the date the entry was written in the Last Update Date field. Book chapter (in an edited book) Use Book section. CD-ROM Use Computer Program. Enter “CD-ROM” in the Type field. Clinical guidelines Use Electronic Book. Use the Series Title field to enter the guideline number (in square brackets). Cochrane Review Use Electronic Article. Enter the issue number and article number in the Document Number field. Write Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in the Periodical Title field. Comic book Use Audiovisual Material. Enter the issue number into the Number field. Enter the story title into the Alternate Title field. You will need to convert your references into plain text (this is the last thing you should do as it is irreversible) and edit the author names to inclue (p), (w), (i) etc. Command Paper or House of Lords/Commons Paper - Online Use Electronic Book. Enter the Command number or House name, series and session (as appropriate) in the Series Title field. Command Paper or House of Lords/Commons Paper - Print Use Government document. Enter the Government department, committee, or organisation, followed by a comma, in the Author field – eg Home Office, Enter the Command number or House name, series and session (as appropriate) in the Report Number field. Conference paper/proceedings - Online Use Electronic Book Section. Write the conference name, date and location in the Book Title field. Conference presentation (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Audiovisual Material. Enter [Powerpoint slides] in the Type field (if appropriate). Conference presentation (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Audiovisual Material. Enter [Powerpoint slides] in the Type field (if appropriate). Write the full date in the Year field. Write the conference name and location in the Publisher field. Congress hearing Use Government Document. Write both US House and the Committee in the Author field. Enter Hearing and the date in the Report Number field. For LeedsUniHarvard, in your Word document, set the citation to Show only in bibliography and manually type the citation to format it correctly. Dance – live performance Use Generic. Enter the date seen and location in the Type of Work field. Dance – recording Use Audiovisual Material. Enter any further details in the Publisher field (using square brackets). You will need to convert your references into plain text (this is the last thing you should do as it is irreversible) and edit the reference to include “dir.” Dataset Enter the publisher in the Distributor field. EU COM Document or EU Legislation Use Web page. Write everything in the Title field. For LeedsUniHarvard, in your Word document, set the citation to Show only in bibliography and manually type the citation to format it correctly. EU Treaty (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Enter "[Online]." then a space in the Volume field, followed by the document reference number. Enter the short version of the title, eg Treaty of Lisbon, into the Short Title field. In your Word document, select the citation and edit it to exclude the Year, then add the year signed to the suffix field. EU Treaty (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Generic. Enter "[Online]." then a space in the Volume field, followed by the document reference number. When you have finished writing your essay and inserted and checked all your references, you should do as follows to ensure the formatting of the EU Treaty reference matches our online guidance. In the EndNote tab in Word, click "Convert Citations and Bibiliography" and then "Convert to Plain Text". This will disconnect your document from your EndNote library and cannot be undone, so first ensure you will not need to make any further changes/additions to your reference list. Change the full stop between the title and the date to a comma. Exhibition catalogue Use Catalog. Enter venue in the "Institution" field, followed by a comma – eg Tate Modern, Facebook (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Enter [Facebook] in the Secondary Title field. Facebook (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Generic. Enter [Facebook] in the Secondary Title field. Enter the date posted in the Publisher field. Film Use Film. Use the Country field for Place of production. Use the Distributor field for Production Company. Director's name should be entered first name then surname, with a comma at the end – eg Orson Welles, Google Earth image Use Generic. Enter all image and data set details in the Title field. Grant Use Generic. Hansard Use Generic. Enter Hansard in Title field and all other information in Publisher field. For LeedsUniHarvard, set your citation to “Show only in bibliography” and manually type the citation in your text to format it correctly. Hearing Use Generic. Image – online Use Web page. Image – original Use Artwork. Individual piece of recorded music Use Music. Enter the medium (eg CD) in the Format of music field. For an individual track on an album, use the Producer field for the recording artist and the Composer field for the composer. Informal or in-house publication Use Pamphlet. Interview Use Interview. Enter location in Location of Work field. Enter name of interviewer in Interviewer Name field in format initials then family name – eg J. Smith,. The reference will automatically include the words “interview with”. Law report Use Case. Enter the parties in the case in the Case Name field. Enter the year in the Year Decided field, adding square brackets or round brackets as appropriate. Enter the Volume number (if appropriate) in the Reporter Volume field. Enter abbreviation of law report in Reporter Abbreviation field. Enter the page number in the First Page field. You may need to edit the citation in your document to exclude the year or even exclude both the author and year, then re-type the citation manually so that it displays in the correct format. Manuscript Use Manuscript. Enter the holding institution in the Library/Archive field. Enter the department name in the Collection Title field. Enter the identifier in the Manuscript Number field. Map – online Use Web page. Microform Use Audiovisual material. Enter the medium, ie microfilm or microfiche, in the Type field. Enter “Available:” followed by the title of the microform collection and reel/fiche number in the Publisher field. Mobile app Use Generic. Enter the version number in the Volume field. Enter “Mobile app” in the Type of Work field. Module lecture or materials (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Add the format (if needed), module code, date and teaching organisation in the Volume field. Module lecture or materials (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Generic. Add the format (if needed), module code, and teaching organisation in the Volume field. Enter the full date in the Year field. Museum artefact Use Artwork. Use Type of Work for the Material type. Use Place Published field for place and Publisher field for holding institution and department. Use Description for the identifier. Music – live performance (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Enter the date seen and location in the Type of Work field. Music – live performance (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Generic. Enter the date seen and location in the Volume field. Newspaper article – online (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Electronic Article. Enter the date of the article in the Document Number field. Newspaper article – online (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Electronic Article. Enter the date of the article in the Document Number field. Enter the full date in the Year field. Online comment (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Electronic Article. Enter “Comment on:” followed by the author and title of the article the comment was posted on in the Title field. Enter "Comment posted on" and the full date the comment was posted in the Document Number field. Online comment (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Electronic Article. Use the Title field for the author and title of the article the comment was posted on. Enter "Comment posted on" and the full date the comment was posted in the Document Number field. When you have finished writing your essay and inserted and checked all your references, go to the EndNote tab in Word, click "Convert Citations and Bibiliography" and then "Convert to Plain Text". This will disconnect your document from your EndNote library and cannot be undone, so first ensure you will not need to make any further changes/additions to your reference list. Change the comma after the year to a full stop. Online discussion list or forum Use Electronic Article. Enter the date added into the Title field after the title. Parliamentary bill – Online Use Electronic Book. Use the Series Title field for the HC/HL Bill Number and Parliamentary session (in parentheses). Parliamentary bill – Print Use Government Document. Use the Report Number field for the HC/HL Bill Number and Parliamentary session (in parentheses). Podcast Use Podcast. Enter the title of the episode in the Title of Show field. If entering the name of an app, use the URL field. Poem Use Edited Book. Poster (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Audiovisual Material. Write “Poster” or “Online Poster” in the Type field. Poster (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Audiovisual Material. Write “Poster” or “Online Poster” in the Type field. If it is a conference poster (ie not online), enter the full date in to the Year field. Pre or post-prints Use Electronic Article. Write "[Pre-print]." or "[Post-print]." at the beginning of the Title field. Press release Use Press release. Enter organisation in "Author" field. Radio programme (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Enter the series title in the Short Title field as well as in the Title field, if you have also included an episode number and episode title. Radio programme (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Enter the series title in the Short Title field as well as in the Title field, if you have also included an episode number and episode title. Enter the full date and time in the Year field. Reference work Use Dictionary or Encyclopedia. Enter the title of the work in the Title field, rather than Dictionary Title or Encyclopedia Title. Enter the section heading in the Term field. Religious text Use Ancient Text. For LeedsUniHarvard, set your citation to “Show only in bibliography” and manually type the citation in your text to format it correctly. Senate report Use Government Document. Sheet music / Musical score Use Music. Enter the title in the "Album title" field, rather than the "Title" field. Software (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Use Volume for the Version number (you need to add parentheses). Enter "Software" in the Type of Work field. Software (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Generic. Enter the year in parentheses in the Publisher field, followed by a full stop and "[Software]". Sound recording (online) Use Audiovisual material. Enter title of individual recording in the Title field. Sound recording (physical copy) Use Audiovisual material. Enter the title of an album in the Title field. Enter the title of an individual recording in the Alternate title field. Speech - live Use Book. Add all the information after the title into the Publisher field. Speech - transcript Use Book Section or Electronic Book Section. Speech – broadcast on TV or radio (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Audiovisual Material. Enter the speech title, date and location in the Alternate Title field. Enter the programme title in the Title field. Enter the channel and date in the Publisher field. Speech – broadcast on TV or radio (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Audiovisual Material. Enter the speech title, location and date in the Alternate Title field. Enter the programme title in the Title field. Enter the broadcasting channel in the Publisher field. Enter the full date of broadcast in the Year field. Speech – recording viewed online Use Electronic Book. Add all the information after the title into the Publisher field. Standard - Online Use Electronic Book. Write the year in the Title field. You may need to set your citation to “Show only in bibliography” and manually type the citation in your text to format it correctly. Standard - Print Use standard. Use the Document number field for the Standard number. You may need to set your citation to “Show only in bibliography” and manually type the citation in your text to format it correctly. Statutory Instrument Use Statute. Enter the year of the statute in the Year field, rather than in the Title field. Use the Country field for place of publication. Television programme (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Enter the series title in the Short Title field as well as in the Title field, if you have also included an episode number and episode title. Television programme (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Generic. Enter the series title in the Short Title field as well as in the Title field, if you have also included an episode number and episode title. Enter the full date and time in the Year field. Theatre performance Use Generic. Enter the director’s name followed by “dir.” in the Secondary Title field. Enter the name and location of the theatre in the Place of Publication field. Enter the company and first performance date in the Publisher field. Twitter (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Enter [Twitter] in the Secondary Title field. Twitter(LeedsUniNumeric) Use Generic. Enter [Twitter] in the Secondary Title field. Enter the date posted in the Publisher field. United Nations Resolution (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Enter UN organisation, followed by a comma, in the Author field – eg United Nations General Assembly. Enter "[Online]." then a space in the Volume field, followed by the document number. United Nations Resolution (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Electronic Article. Enter UN organisation, followed by a comma, in the Author field, eg United Nations General Assembly. Use the Document Number field for the document number. When you have finished writing your essay and inserted and checked all your references, you should ensure the formatting of the UN Resolution reference matches our online guidance. In the EndNote tab in Word, click "Convert Citations and Bibiliography" and then "Convert to Plain Text". This will disconnect your document from your EndNote library and cannot be undone, so first ensure you will not need to make any further changes/additions to your reference list. Italicise the resolution title and full date in the reference. United Nations Treaty (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Enter "[Online]." then a space in the Volume field, followed by the volume number, abbreviated Treaty Series name, first page number, the date it was opened for signature/adopted in full, and the date it entered into force in full. United Nations Treaty (LeedsUniNumeric) Use Electronic Article. In the Document Number field, enter the volume number and abbreviated Treaty Series name and first page number, the date it was opened for signature/adopted in full, and the date it entered into force in full. When you have finished writing your essay and inserted and checked all your references, you should do as follows to ensure the formatting of the UN Treaty reference matches our online guidance. In the EndNote tab in Word, click "Convert Citations and Bibiliography" and then "Convert to Plain Text". This will disconnect your document from your EndNote library and cannot be undone, so first ensure you will not need to make any further changes or additions to your reference list. Italicise the treaty title. Video game Use Generic. Enter the platform and “[Game]” in the Secondary Title field. Video – Online Use Web page. University of Pittsburgh Library System Collections Course & Subject Guides Electronic theses and dissertations support guide. Using Styles Creating Captions Advanced Caption Techniques Caption Numbering Solutions Captions for Equations Adjusting Page Orientation Editing Page Numbers Creating Custom Appendix Labels Linking EndNote References Word Doc to PDF Conversion How to Create Bookmarks How to Edit the Zoom Level LaTeX Guides and Resources Supplemental Files and Research Data Vectors and Rasters Image Editing Tools Image File Formats Resolution and Resizing Tables and Data Formatting Accessibility Tips and Instructions Reference Links in EndNote To enable EndNote to create the hyperlinks in your ETD you will need to open the configuration menu for the Bibliography section within the EndNote plugin in Word.  This opens another menu that allows you to select: Link in-text citations to references in the bibliography. Be sure to update your fields for the bibliography by right-clicking and updating the entire field; exactly the same way you need to for your Table of Contents and any lists of figures/tables.   << Previous: Creating Custom Appendix Labels Next: Adobe Acrobat Tutorials >> Last Updated: Jul 17, 2024 11:17 AM URL: https://pitt.libguides.com/etdsupport 258 IMAGES Using Endnotes in a Research Paper Using Endnotes in a Research Paper Endnote reference styles examples Dissertations & Theses What Are Endnotes? Referencing styles VIDEO EndNote: Useful Tools for PhD Research Paper #phd #education #phdlife How to use EndNote X2-X5 SNU EndNote Guide 13. Reference 수집 Free Reference Writing and Citation in ME MTech PhD Thesis Dissertation with Bibliography (Hindi) Add a Webpage as reference using Endnote Adding and editing Zotero citations in Word COMMENTS Theses & dissertations Reference Type: Instruction: Example: Thesis or dissertation, online from a commercial database. Theses. In the Thesis Type field. include the form of work such as Master's thesis, Doctoral dissertation etc. In the Name of Database field. enter the name of the database, such as ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text; In the Document Number ... Dissertations & Theses Which fields are required for dissertation & thesis references in EndNote? Important instructions: ... Thesis type [e.g. Master's thesis or Doctoral dissertation] Name of Database ; Citation. Reference. Online thesis or dissertation with URL, freely accessible via the internet: Thesis: PDF Important information for all reference types To do this: In the CWYW toolbar click Convert Citations and Bibliography (Windows) or Tools (MAC) and select Convert to Plain Text. A new unsaved document with no field codes (not linked to EndNote) will be created. Save it with a new file name (your original document with the field codes will be unchanged and still be linked to EndNote) tNote ... APA 7th & EndNote Enter the Thesis /Dissertation type (e.g. Master's thesis) in the Thesis Type field ; Enter the name of the Granting Institution in the University field (if the location is also necessary, ... EndNote Reference type Instruction Example; Use this category only if there is no other reference category that fits (e.g. Report for a downloaded ... Using EndNote for Graduate Theses and Dissertations If you're unsure, it's an easy thing to check in EndNote itself. If you're using EndNote 20 or later, click in the Tools menu and then go to Output Styles and click on Open Style Manager. If you're using EndNote X9 or earlier, you start in the Edit menu instead of Tools. Library Guides: APA 7th referencing style: Thesis EndNote reference type: Thesis. Add Archive Name to Name of Database field. Thesis - from database. Elements of the reference: Author - last name, initials. (Year). Title of thesis - italicised (Publication No. - if available) [Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis, Institution]. Database Name. EndNote for your thesis Step 4. Format citations in the thesis. Open thesis-master.doc in Word. From the EndNote menu in Word select the Update Citations. and Bibliography command. (In earlier versions of EndNote, use the Format Bibliography. command.) EndNote will format all the references in your document and create a single. Tips for Dissertations/Theses The working copy of the dissertation/thesis and the EndNote library should be kept in the same folder at all times. All new work on the document or in the library should use these exclusively. ... MelCat, or WorldCat, will be entered with the Reference Type of book as default, even though it might be an edited book, e-book, dissertation, or ... EndNote for thesis and publications writing How to use EndNote 21 and 20 Desktop for Windows and Mac, EndNote Online (Web) and EndNote for iPad and iPhone, thesis and publications writing, advanced tools, output (referencing) styles, syncing, sharing and collaboration, common issues and troubleshooting. Research Guides: EndNote: Citing, Bibliographies, and Styles The option "Insert Selected Citation (s)" adds the citation that is selected in the EndNote library. Another way to add a citation is to select the needed reference in EndNote and then click the "Insert Citation" icon in the EndNote desktop toolbar or click the EndNote Tools menu + point at Cite While You Write + click Insert Selected Citation ... Library Research Guides: EndNote 21: Adding References Open EndNote and look at the top for References. Click on "new reference" to open the template. Select the "reference type," for example journal article, book, book section, thesis or another from the drop-down menu. Fill in the fields you need; you do not need to fill in all the suggested fields. The best practice is to enter the author's name ... Endnote Reference Types To modify field labels for a type: Go to the Preferences option under the Edit menu. Click on the Reference Types option. click on the Modify Reference Types button. Choose the reference type to be modified from the drop-down menu. For any reference type, only those fields with a label are displayed in the reference window. Articles EndNote: Adding and changing reference types 1. Windows: From the "Edit" menu, select "Preferences…".Mac: From the "EndNote x" menu, select "Preferences…". 2. Select the "Reference Type" option in the list of preferences, and then click "Modify Reference Types..." to open the Reference Types preference. 3. Use the drop-down list at the top to select one of the Unused ... Add References Adding References Manually. Select References > "New Reference" from the top navigation menu OR click the New Reference icon, designated by a clipboard with a + mark. In the appearing dialogue box, select the appropriate reference type, such as Journal Article, from the drop-down menu. (This is important because it determines the fields that ... LibGuides: EndNote Online: EndNote Reference Examples A-Z The following examples show the fields required in EndNote Online for each reference type and an example in the ATU (Galway/Mayo) Harvard reference style. Theses / Dissertations EndNote reference type: Thesis Thesis Type field: enter - type of thesis eg. dissertation: Thesis retrieved from fulltext database or internet. Elements of the citation Author - family named followed by initials. Thesis title [type of thesis/dissertation on the Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited date - year month day]. Reference Management Software (Endnote etc.) EndNote is software for managing references. It has three main features; Capturing references of journal articles, books and other resources from literature searches; Managing and organising your references in your personal EndNote Library of references; Insert references from your EndNote Library into Word documents, essays, dissertations etc. Microsoft Word for Dissertations To use Word's built-in footnote/endnote tool: Put your cursor where you want to insert your new footnote or endnote. In the References tab, click Insert Footnote or Insert Endnote.; To adjust the settings of your footnote, including the numbering style, when to start and stop the numbering of your notes, where to place the note, etc..., right-click on any footnote/endnote and select Footnote... Alternative reference types in EndNote Write everything in the Title field. For LeedsUniHarvard, in your Word document, set the citation to Show only in bibliography and manually type the citation to format it correctly. EU Treaty (LeedsUniHarvard) Use Generic. Enter " [Online]." then a space in the Volume field, followed by the document reference number. Articles EndNote 21/20: Change reference type for many records In EndNote, go to Library > Find and Replace... For the field labeled "In:", choose Reference Type at the bottom of the drop down list. In the "Find" field type the actual name of the reference type you want to change from. Make sure "Match Words" is selected. In the "Replace with:" field type the actual name of the reference type you are ... EndNote Styles, Filters, and Connections garypearce May 28, 2008, 3:19am 1. Hi , I have had a question from one of our students about using Endnote to reference different types of theses in APA. For masters and doctorates APA requires "Upublished master thesis" or "Unpublished doctoral dissertation" respectively. The Endnote template seems to give us just "Unpublished PhD ... Citing dissertations in APA Endnote X2's (you can download the most recent APA5th from Endnote's website) looks like this: Author | (Year). Title. Unpublished Thesis Type|,*University|,*City|. (stars are link adjacent ) and inputing the data for a record (using the inbuilt "thesis" reference type). So how do you want it to look? Linking EndNote References To enable EndNote to create the hyperlinks in your ETD you will need to open the configuration menu for the Bibliography section within the EndNote plugin in Word. This opens another menu that allows you to select: Link in-text citations to references in the bibliography. assignment essay homework paper phd resume review speech thesis