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Case Study Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms-Friend and Foe

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Here we are providing case study questions for CBSE Class 8 science Chapter 2 Microorganisms-Friend and Foe.

Case Study Questions

Question 1:

Daksh lived in delhi and he loves to play football. But as of now his half yearly exams were going on so his mother didn’t allow him to go out and play. She promised Daksh that as soon as his exams are over he can go and play. Post exams he went out to play football with his friends in the park. Suddenly a mosquito bit him under his left knee. He came home and everything was normal that time. The next day his health started getting affected. His Parents rushed him to the doctor. The doctor prescribed some medicines and some medical tests. The next day parents went to the doctor with Daksh’s medical report. In that report the platelet counts were very low. The doctor diagnosed him with Dengue fever. Daksh was hospitalised for some time and followed a strict diet to recover as early as possible. And eventually some days passed and he recovered.

Q. 1. Organisms which cannot be seen by naked eye. (a) Plants (b) Animals (c) Microorganisms (d) None of these

Q. 2. The causative organisms of dengue is (a) Anopheles mosquito (b) Aedes aegypti mosquito (c) Dengue virus (d) None of these

Q. 3. How does dengue virus spread?

Q. 4. Write any three preventive measures for dengue fever.

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Cbse, ncert and icse solution online, class 8 science case study question, case study question class 8 science (cbse / ncert board).

Class 8 Science Case Study Question and Answer: CBSE / NCERT Board Class 8 Science Case Study Question prepared by expert Science Teacher. Students can learn Case Based Question / Paragraph Type Question for NCERT Class 8 Science.

There are total 18 chapter Crop Production and Management, Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, Materials: Metals and Non-Metals, Coal and Petroleum, Combustion and Flame, Conservation of Plants and Animals, Cell – Structure and Functions, Reproduction in Animals, Reaching the Age of Adolescence, Force and Pressure, Friction, Sound, Chemical Effects of Electric Current, Some Natural Phenomena, Light, Stars and the Solar System, Pollution of Air and Water

For any problem during learning any Case or any doubts please comment us. We are always ready to help You.

CBSE Class 8 Science Case Study Question

• Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management Case Study Question
• Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Case Study Question
• Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Case Study Question
• Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals Case Study Question
• Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum Case Study Question
• Chapter 6 Combustion and Flame Case Study Question
• Chapter 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals Case Study Question
• Chapter 8 Cell – Structure and Functions Case Study Question
• Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals Case Study Question
• Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence Case Study Question
• Chapter 11 Force and Pressure Case Study Question
• Chapter 12 Friction Case Study Question
• Chapter 13 Sound Case Study Question
• Chapter 14 Chemical Effects of Electric Current Case Study Question
• Chapter 15 Some Natural Phenomena Case Study Question
• Chapter 16 Light Case Study Question
• Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System Case Study Question
• Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water Case Study Question

What is Case Study Question?

Ans. At case Study there will one paragraph and on the basis of that concept some question will made. Students have to solve that question.

How many marks will have at case based question?

Most of time 5 questions will made from each case. There will 1 or 2 marks for each question.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms Friend and Foe

Chapter 2 Microorganisms Friend and Foe Class 8 Science NCERT Solutions

Class 8 science chapter 2 microorganisms friend and foe ncert questions and answers - topics, chapter 2 microorganisms friend and foe ncert solutions for class 8 science  - notes, chapter 2 microorganisms friend and foe class 8 science questions and answers - mcq questions with answers, contact form.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend And Foe

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend And Foe are given below. Here we have provided the best and error-free answers to all the exercise questions that will strengthen your foundation in science. Solving NCERT questions will assist you in grasping the content in the Crop Production and Management chapter in a better way.

In these solutions, we have answered all the intext and exercise questions provided in NCERT class 8 science textbook.  NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend And Foe provided in this article are strictly based on the CBSE syllabus and curriculum. Students can easily download these solutions in PDF format for free or can read them online.

Microorganisms: Friend And Foe Class 8 Science NCERT Solutions

Exercise Questions

Question 1: Fill in the blanks:

(a) Microorganisms can be seen with the help of a _______. (b) Blue green algae fix _______ directly from air to enhance fertility of soil. (c) Alcohol is produced with the help of _______. (d) Cholera is caused by ________.

(a) Microorganisms can be seen with the help of a microscope.

(b) Blue green algae fix nitrogen directly from air to enhance fertility of soil.

(c) Alcohol is produced with the help of microorganisms.

(d) Cholera is caused by bacteria.

Question 2: Tick the correct answer:

(a) Yeast is used in the production of

(i) sugar (ii) alcohol (iii) hydrochloric acid (iv) oxygen

Answer: (ii) Alcohol

(b) The following is an antibiotic

(i) Sodium bicarbonate (ii) Streptomycin (iii) Alcohol (iv) Yeast

Answer: (ii) Streptomycin

(c) Carrier of malaria-causing protozoan is

(i) female Anopheles mosquito (ii) cockroach (iii) housefly (iv) butterfly

Answer: (i) Female Anopheles mosquito

(d) The most common carrier of communicable diseases is

(i) ant (ii) housefly (iii) dragonfly (iv) spider

Answer: (ii) Housefly

(e) The bread or idli dough rises because of

(i) heat (ii) grinding (iii) growth of yeast cells (iv) kneading

Answer: (iii) Growth of yeast cells

(f) The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is called

(i) nitrogen fixation (ii) moulding (iii) fermentation (iv) infection

Answer: (iii) Fermentation

Question 3: Match the organisms in Column A with their action in Column B.

Question 4: Can microorganisms be seen with the naked eye? If not, how can they be seen?

Answer: No, microorganisms cannot be seen by naked eye as they are very small and are called microbes. They can be seen with the help of microscope.

Question 5: What are the major groups of microorganisms?

Answer: Microorganisms are classified into four major groups are bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae.

Question 6: Name the microorganisms which can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.

Answer: Bacteria such as rhizobium and certain blue-green algae present in the soil can fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert into usable nitrogenous compounds, which are used by plants for the synthesis of plant proteins and other compounds.

Question 7: Write 10 lines on the usefulness of microorganisms in our lives.

Answer: Microorganisms are too small to be seen through naked eyes. However, they are vital to plants and the environment.

Importance of microorganisms:

• They are used in winemaking, baking, pickling and other food-making processes.
• Alcoholic fermentation by yeast is widely used in the preparation of wine and bread.
• A bacterium Lactobacillus promotes the formation of curd.
• Microbes are used to reduce pollution.
• They are used to increase soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen.
• Microbes are also useful in preparing many medicines and antibiotics.
• Certain microbes are also used in the biological treatment of sewage and industrial effluents.

Question 8: Write a short paragraph on the harms caused by microorganisms.

Answer: Harmful effects of micro-organisms:

Micro-organisms cause diseases in animals. For example, in humans, bacteria cause diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid, etc. In cattle, the foot and mouth disease is caused by a virus. Also, several microbes cause diseases in plants. For example, the productivity of wheat, orange, apple, etc. is reduced due to microbial diseases in plants. Certain microbes, on entering into our body, produce toxic substances. This leads to food poisoning. Some micro-organisms such as fungus spoil our food. For example, bread when left unused under moist conditions gets spoilt by fungus, producing a white cotton-like growth on the bread.

Question 9: What are antibiotics? What precautions must be taken while taking antibiotics?

Answer: The medicines that kill or stop the growth of the disease-causing microorganisms are called antibiotics. For example: Streptomycin, tetracycline, etc.

Following precautions must be taken while taking antibiotics:

• Antibiotics should be taken only on the advice of a qualified doctor.
• One must finish the course prescribed by the doctor.
• Antibiotics must be avoided when not needed or in wrong doses.

CBSE Class 8 NCERT solutions Science Chapter 2 PDF

Below we have listed the topics discussed in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2. The list gives you a quick look at the different topics and subtopics of this chapter.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 – A Brief Discussion

CBSE Class 8 Science NCERT Solutions Chapter 2 helps students to clear their doubts and to score good marks in the board exam. All the questions are solved by experts with a detailed explanation that will help students complete their assignments & homework. Having a good grasp over CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science will further help the students in their preparation for board exams and other competitive exams such as NTSE, Olympiad, etc.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Free PDF Download

Ncert solutions for class 8 science chapter 2 – microorganisms.

This article deals with NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2. Biology is natural science which deals with life and living organisms. At first, it seems like a difficult subject. However, with NCERT Solutions, this is no longer the case. NCERT Solutions certainly make Biology an easy subject. It has clear-cut diagrams for an, even more, better understanding. Most noteworthy, these solutions are made by expert teachers. These teachers have years of experience in Biology.

Toppr is one of the finest platforms available to learn NCERT Solutions. It contains content that is clear, simple, and crisp in nature. Toppr has convenient online classes. There is a huge variety of Mock tests also available at Toppr.

Toppr is a tool that makes NCERT Solutions even more useful. Experts of Physics provide content for Toppr. Furthermore, there are mock tests, online classes, videos, and PDF files here. All of this would certainly assist in learning NCERT Solutions. Download the Toppr app without delay for  Android  or  iOS  or  signup  for free.

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Download NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science all chapters here.

CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 2 – Microorganisms NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 deals with Microorganisms. First of all, a microorganism refers to a microscopic organism. This chapter involves useful and harmful types of microbes. Furthermore, this chapter also covers the habitat of Microorganisms. The chapter is full of colorful diagrams and images. The chapter also has information on the life cycle of Microorganisms. There is also a part of the contribution of these organisms.

Sub-topics covered under NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2

• 2.1 Microorganisms
• 2.2 Where do Microorganisms Live?
• 2.3 Microorganisms and Us
• 2.4 Harmful Microorganisms
• 2.5 Food Preservation
• 2.6 Nitrogen Fixation
• 2.7 Nitrogen cycle

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2

This is a very important chapter in Science. Students here will certainly learn about the harms of Microorganisms. Therefore, students will take safety measures. So, this chapter will help to make students more aware of the danger. Furthermore, the chapter teaches how these microbes can be useful. This chapter is essential for medicine. This is because medicines make use of Microorganisms. Also, students will learn how microbes are useful in food preservation.

Below is a brief explanation of the sub-units of chapter 2

2.1 Microorganisms – A Microorganism is a very small organism. Most noteworthy, no one sees it with the naked eye. This is due to their extremely tiny size.

2.2 Where do Microorganisms Live? – Microorganisms can survive in all types of environment. Furthermore, Microorganisms also exist inside the bodies of animals. Some of them live alone while others live in colonies. Hence, they can live anywhere.

2.3 Microorganisms and Us – Microorganisms influence Human lives. Some are good for humans while others are bad. Hence, there exist friendly and harmful microbes.

2.4 Harmful Microorganisms – Harmful microbes can cause disease. Furthermore, they can cause disease to humans, plants, and animals.

2.5 Food Preservation – Microbes certainly help to preserve food. This sub-unit deals with it.

2.6 Nitrogen Fixation – This means some Microorganisms fix nitrogen. The part certainly has more information on that.

2.7 Nitrogen cycle – Microorganisms fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. After that, they convert that into compounds of nitrogen. Then plants can use these compounds from the soil. When plants and animals die they turn into nitrogenous wastes. Consequently, the microbes convert these wastes into compounds.

You can download NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 PDF by clicking on the button below

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 - Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

Download the exclusive ncert solutions for class 8 science chapter 2 - microorganisms friend and foe. these solutions are prepared and reviewed by the subject matter experts..

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 - Microorganisms Friend and Foe will help you find the best answers to all questions given at the end of this chapter. All these answers have been put together by the subject experts after analysing the concepts presented in the latest NCERT Book for Class 8 Science . You will get here the appropriate answers that are written in the simplest manner so that all the class 8th students can easily understand these answers and prepare well for their Science Exam 2021-2022. NCERT Solutions can be downloaded in PDF and used as and when required.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 - Microorganisms Friend and Foe:

1. Fill in the blanks:

(a) Microorganisms can be seen with the help of a _________. (b) Blue green algae fix _________ directly from air to enhance fertility of soil. (c) Alcohol is produced with the help of _________. (d) Cholera is caused by _________.

(a) Microorganisms can be seen with the help of a microscope . (b) Blue green algae fix nitrogen directly from air to enhance fertility of soil. (c) Alcohol is produced with the help of yeast . (d) Cholera is caused by bacteria .

2. Tick the correct answer: (a) Yeast is used in the production of (i) sugar (ii) alcohol (iii) hydrochloric acid (iv) oxygen

Answer: (ii) alcohol (b) The following is an antibiotic (i) Sodium bicarbonate (ii) Streptomycin (iii) Alcohol (iv) Yeast

Answer: (ii) Streptomycin (c) Carrier of malaria-causing protozoan is (i) female Anopheles mosquito (ii) cockroach (iii) housefly (iv) butterfly

Answer: (i) female Anopheles mosquito (d) The most common carrier of communicable diseases is (i) ant (ii) housefly (iii) dragonfly  (iv) spider

Answer: (ii) housefly (e) The bread or idli dough rises because of (i) heat (ii) grinding (iii) growth of yeast cells (iv) kneading

Answer: (iii) growth of yeast cells (f) The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is called (i) nitrogen fixation (ii) moulding (iii) fermentation (iv) infection

4. Can microorganisms be seen with the naked eye? If not, how can they be seen?

No, microorganisms are very small so they cannot be seen with the naked eye. They can be seen with the help of a magnifying glass or a microscope.

5. What are the major groups of microorganisms?

Microorganisms are classified into four major groups.  These  groups  are:

(i) Bacteria

(iii) Protozoa

6. Name the microorganisms which can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.

Certain bacteria such as Rhizobium and blue green algae can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. 7. Write 10 lines on the usefulness of microorganisms in our lives.

(i) Micro organisms are useful for us in the following ten ways:

(ii) Bacterium  Lactobacillus promotes the formation of curd from milk.

(iii) Certain bacteria such as Rhizobium and blue green algae fix the atmospheric nitrogen and increase soil fertility.

(iv) Microbes such as bacteria and fungi help to reduce pollution by breaking down dead bodies and waste into manure.

(v) Microbes are used to prepare antibiotics that help to control some diseases. Streptomycin, tetracycline, anderythromycin are some commonly used antibiotics.

(vi) Microbes are also used in preparation of vaccines

(vii) Yeast is used in the commercial production of alcohol and wine.

(viii) Yeast is also used in the preparation of bakery products like cake and bread.

(ix) Bacteria and yeast are also helpful for fermentation of rice idlis and dosa batter.

(x) Certain microbes are also used in the biological treatment of sewage.

8. Write a short paragraph on the harms caused by microorganisms.

Microorganisms are harmful in many ways. Some of the microorganisms cause diseases in human beings, plants and animals. Such disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens. For example, diseases in humans like common cold, tuberculosis, chicken pox, polio, typhoid, malaria, etc. are caused by microorganisms. In animals, anthrax is a dangerous disease which is also caused by the microorganisms. Several microorganisms cause diseases in plants like wheat, rice, potato, sugarcane, orange, apple and others that reduce the yield of crops.  Some microorganisms spoil food, clothing and leather products.

9. What are antibiotics? What precautions must be taken while taking antibiotics?

Antibiotics are medicines produced by growing certain microorganisms to kill or stop the growth of the disease-causing microorganisms.

→ Precautions to be taken while using antibiotics are:

→ Antibiotics should be taken only on the advice of a qualified doctor.

→ One must complete the course prescribed by the doctor.

→ If taken unnecessarily antibiotics may kill the beneficial bacteria in the body.

Also, check below the NCERT Books and NCERT Solutions for all major subjects of Class 8:

NCERT Books for All Subjects of Class 8 (Latest Editions for 2021-2022)

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Home » NCERT Solutions » NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science

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Technology is advancing at a fast pace and it’s important to keep pace with the changing technology.  Science helps the students to develop life skills, observe, understand the natural world and ask questions. It is necessary to understand the concepts of science at an early stage. The Central Board of Secondary Education has taken various measures to help the students develop their technical skills to achieve success in this field.

The NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science are exclusive and vital tools for Science. Experts in Science have developed them with their years of experience. To access NCERT Science book class 8 solutions , you can check out the  Extramarks website.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter-Wise List

The NCERT Science book class 8 solutions have been provided below:

NCERT Class 8 Science Solutions –  Your Ultimate Guide & Mentor

Middle school is a crucial phase for students who wish to pursue science in higher classes, and thus, it becomes imperative to grasp the fundamental concepts of science at this level.  Instead of racking your brain for the right mentor, just imagine getting all the questions and answers of your textbook at one place, at your doorstep. How cool would that be? On the official website of Extramarks, you can get all the NCERT solutions for class 8th Science which will help you prepare for the science examination. Given below are the core contents of each chapter of Class 8 Science.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Chapter 1: Crop Production and Management

1.1: Agricultural Practices

1.2: Basic Practices of Crop Production

1.3: Preparation of Soil

1.4: Sowing

1.5 Adding Manure and Fertilisers

1.6: Irrigation

1.7: Protection from Weeds

1.8: Harvesting

1.9: Storage

1.10: Food from Animals

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

Chapter 2: Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

2.1: Microorganisms

2.2: Where do Microorganisms Live?

2.3: Microorganisms and Us

2.4: Harmful Microorganisms

2.5: Food Preservation

2.6: Nitrogen Fixation

2.7: Nitrogen cycle

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

Chapter 3: Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

3.1: What are Synthetic Fibres?

3.2: Types of Synthetic Fibres

3.3: Characteristics of Synthetic Fibres

3.4: Plastics

3.5: Plastics as Materials of Choice

3.6: Plastics and the Environment

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Chapter 4: Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

4.1: Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals

4.2: Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals

4.3: Uses of Metals and Non-metals

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum

Chapter 5: Coal and Petroleum

5.2: Petroleum

5.3: Natural Gas

5.4: Some Natural Resources are Limited

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 6 Combustion and Flame

Chapter 6: Combustion and Flame

6.1: What is Combustion?

6.2: How Do We Control Fire?

6.3 Types of Combustion

6.5: Structure of a Flame

6.6: What is a Fuel?

6.7: Fuel Efficiency

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals

Chapter 7: Conservation of Plants and Animals

7.1: Deforestation and Its Causes

7.2: Consequences of Deforestation

7.3: Conservation of Forest and Wildlife

7.4: Biosphere Reserve

7.5: Flora and Fauna

7.6: Endemic Species

7.7: Wildlife Sanctuary

7.8: National Park

7.9: Red Data Book

7.10: Migration

7.11: Recycling of Paper

7.12: Reforestation

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 8 Cell: Structure and Functions

Chapter 8: Cell – Structure and Functions

8.1: Discovery of the Cell

8.2: The Cell

8.3: Organisms show Variety in Cell Number, Shape and Size

8.4: Cell Structure and Function

8.5: Parts of the Cell

8.6: Comparison of Plants and Animals Cells

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals

Chapter 9: Reproduction in Animals

9.1: Modes of Reproduction

9.2: Sexual Reproduction

9.3: Asexual Reproduction

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Chapter 10: Reaching The Age of Adolescence

10.1: Adolescence and Puberty

10.2: Changes at Puberty

10.3: Secondary Sexual Characters

10.4: Role of Hormones in Initiating Reproductive Function

10.5: Reproductive Phase of Life in Humans

10.6: How is the Sex of the Baby Determined?

10.7: Hormones other than Sex Hormones

10.8: Role of Hormones in Completing the Life History of Insects and Frogs

10.9: Reproductive Health

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 11 Force and Pressure

Chapter 11: Force And Pressure

11.1: Force: A push or a Pull

11.2: Forces are due to an Interaction

11.3: Exploring Forces

11.4: A Force can Change the State of Motion

11.5: Force can Change the Shape of an object

11.6: Contact Forces

11.7: Non-contact Forces

11.8: Pressure

11.9: Pressure Exerted by Liquids and Gases

11.10: Atmospheric Pressure

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 12 Friction

Chapter 12: Friction

12.1: Force of  Friction

12.2: Factors affecting Friction

12.3: Friction: A Necessary Evil

12.4: Increasing and Reducing Friction

12.5: Wheels Reduce Friction

12.6: Fluid Friction

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 13 Sound

Chapter 13: Sound

13.1: Sound is Produced by Vibrating Bodies

13.2: Sound Produced by Humans

13.3: Sounds Needs a Medium for Propagation

13.4: We Hear Sound through Our Ears

13.5: Aptitude, Time Period and Frequency of a vibration

13.6: Audible and Inaudible Sounds

13.7: Noise and Music

13.8: Noise Pollution

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 14 Chemical Effects of Electric Current

Chapter 14: Chemical Effects Of Electric Current

14.1: Do Liquids Conduct Electricity?

14.2: Chemical Effects Of Electric Current

14.3: Electroplating

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science chapter 15 Some Natural Phenomena

Chapter 15: Some Natural Phenomena

15.1: Lightning

15.2: Charging by Rubbing

15.3: Types of Charges and Their Interaction

15.4: Transfer of Charge

15.5: The Story of Lightning

15.6: Lightning Safety

15.7: Earthquakes

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 16 Light

Chapter 16: Light

16.1: What makes Things Visible

16.2: Laws of Reflection

16.3: Regular and Diffused Reflection

16.4: Reflected Light Can be Reflected Again

16.5: Multiple Images

16.6: Sunlight – White or Coloured

16.7: What is inside Our Eyes?

16.8: Care of the Eyes

16.9: Visually Impaired Persons Can Read and Write

16.10: What is the Braille System?

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 17 Stars and The Solar System

Chapter 17: Stars And The Solar System

17.1: The Moon

17.2: The Stars

17.3: Constellations

17.4: The Solar System

17.5 : Some Other Members of the Solar System

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water

Chapter 18: Pollution of Air and Water

18.1: Air Pollution

18.2: How does Air Get Polluted?

18.3: Case Study- The Taj Mahal

18.4: Greenhouse Effect

18.5: What can be done?

18.6: Water Pollution

18.7: How does Water Get Polluted?

18.8: What is Potable Water and How is Water Purified?

18.9: What Can be Done?

Why is Extramarks the Best Class 8 Science Solution Provider?

Extramarks give you a competitive edge and help you comprehend scientific concepts by providing the best NCERT Science class 8 solutions. After a crucial analysis of the chapters, the subject matter experts have prepared these solutions to give the students 100% authentic and complete guidance.  Besides this, it also offers NCERT solutions class 11, & NCERT solutions class 12 for all the subjects in every stream.

Extramarks focus on providing complete learning solutions, and the same goes for NCERT science class 8. We have updated answers according to the latest CBSE class 8 science syllabus, which will also prepare the students to crack competitive exams JEE Main/Advanced, VITEEE,  and other exams.

Why are NCERT Science Solutions important for Class 8 students?

Middle school Science comprises Physics, Chemistry, and Biology and often gets pretty tough to understand because CBSE, through its NCERT curriculum, has set a high standard. With working parents and the absence of proper guidance, in this scenario , NCERT solutions for class 8th science become a vital tool that comes in handy to the students of class 8. 

Being an average student, is it possible to get a high score in the CBSE Class 8 Science exam?

Some tips which can be followed to score well in CBSE class 8 Science question paper are given below:

• Class 8 Science requires lots of practice and learning from day one, so create a proper study plan and stick to it.
• Solve as many sample papers as possible. Previous year questions can also be used for further practice.
• Follow the Solutions of NCERT Science class 8, which you can find on the official website of Extramarks
• Revise thoroughly and take frequent self-tests to assess yourself.
• Practicing the diagrams repeatedly will improve your score and confidence level.
• NCERT Solutions can be your best guide and mentor to boost your performance in all subjects not just Science. 

Why should you refer to Class 8 Science NCERT Solutions? How is it different?

Some of the benefits of referring to class 8 Science NCERT solutions are given below:

• The answers provided are concise and to the point
• The Subject matter experts with years of teaching experience have updated and cross-checked the solutions.
• The solutions have been simplified without any repetition, making it easier for the students to understand and grasp the concepts quickly and easily.
• The solutions help the students in cracking the examination with excellent results. 
•  The  NCERT Science Solutions can be found at the Extramarks website to help the students download Solutions free of cost and make the most of it.

Salient Features of Extramarks’ NCERT Science Solutions Class 8

Some salient features of Extramarks NCERT Science Solutions Class 8 are given below:

• It assists the students of class 8 to prepare well for their science examination. It is a suitable revision material
• It provides in-depth knowledge of the subject to increase your confidence level while writing your exam
• It is a quick resource for learning written in simple English to ensure that all the students can understand it
• It helps quickly grasp all the ideas and concepts related to Physics, Chemistry, and Biology
• The NCERT Solutions by Extramarks strives to reach out to each and every learner right from the foundation level to the Secondary level to excel in life. 
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NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter-wise List

Chapter 1 - crop production and management.

Chapter 2 - Microorganisms : Friend and Foe

Chapter 3 - synthetic fibres and plastics, chapter 4 - materials : metals and non-metals, chapter 5 - coal and petroleum, chapter 6 - combustion and flame, chapter 7 - conservation of plants and animals, chapter 8 - cell - structure and functions, chapter 9 - reproduction in animals, chapter 10 - reaching the age of adolescence, chapter 11 - force and pressure, chapter 12 - friction, chapter 13 - sound, chapter 14 - chemical effects of electric current, chapter 15 - some natural phenomena, chapter 16 - light, chapter 17 - stars and the solar system, chapter 18 - pollution of air and water, ncert solutions for class 8 science in hindi, chapter 1- crop production and management in hindi, chapter 2 - microorganisms : friend and foe in hindi, chapter 3 - synthetic fibres and plastics in hindi, chapter 4 - materials : metals and non-metals in hindi, chapter 5 - coal and petroleum in hindi, chapter 6 - combustion and flame in hindi, chapter 7 - conservation of plants and animals in hindi, chapter 8 - cell structure and functions in hindi, chapter 9 - reproduction in animals in hindi, chapter 10 - reaching the age of adolescence in hindi, chapter 11 - force and pressure in hindi, chapter 12 - friction in hindi, chapter 13- sound in hindi, chapter 14 - chemical effects of electric current in hindi, chapter 15 - some natural phenomena in hindi, chapter 16- light in hindi, chapter 17 - stars and the solar system in hindi, chapter 18 - pollution of air and water in hindi, faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. what are the advantages of ncert solutions for class 8th science.

The advantages are as follows:

• The NCERT Solutions uses the latest and updated NCERT curriculum for the CBSE Class 8 Science subject.
• Yet another important reason is that one can easily crack competitive examinations after practising solutions because it has problems that are tweaked and students get enough practise during the entire semester.
• NCERT Science Class 8 solutions help in quick revision.

2. How many chapters are there in the CBSE class 8 Science book?

The  Class 8 Science books follow the latest CBSE guidelines and it has a total of  18 chapters that deal with the three branches of science: Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

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NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

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Class 8 Science Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions – Free PDF Download

If there is one discipline in which learning never stops, it is science. Even if you spend hours going over the theories, definitions, and diagrams, you may still feel as if you haven’t accomplished enough. As a result, if you are studying science, you should never avoid answering the questions.

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Students can determine whether or not they have actually retained information by answering questions in science. As a result, you can discover solved NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Chapter 2 at INFINITY LEARN. If you have any questions about any other chapter or want to brush up on your knowledge, INFINITY LEARN also has Class 8 Science NCERT Solutions for all the chapters that you may look over while studying for the exams.

If you have access to NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science , Maths, and other topics, subjects like Science, Maths, and English would become easier to study. You can also get NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths to help you revise the entire syllabus and improve your exam scores.

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CHAPTER 2-MICROORGANISMS: FRIEND AND FOE NCERT SOLUTIONS

1. Fill in the blanks :

Microorganisms can be seen with the help of a __________ .

Blue green algae fix __________ directly from air to enhance fertility of soil.

Alcohol is produced with the help of __________ .

Cholera is caused by __________ .

A. i) microscope ii) nitrogen iii) yeast iv) bacteria

Tick the correct answer :

a. Yeast is used in the production of :

i) sugar ii) alcohol (P) iii) hydrochloric acid iv) oxygen

b. The following is an antibiotic :

i) Sodium bicarbonate ii) Streptomycin (P) iii) Alcohol iv) Yeast

c. Carrier of malaria-causing protozoan is :

i) female Anopheles mosquito (P) ii) cockroach iii) housefly iv)butterfly

d. The most common carrier of communicable diseases is :

i) ant ii) housefly (P) iii) dragonfly iv) spider

e. The bread or idli dough rises because of :

i) heat ii) grinding iii) growth of yeast cells (P) iv) kneading

f. The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is called :

i) nitrogen fixation ii) moulding iii) fermentation (P) iv) infection

3. Match the organisms in Column A with their action in Column B.

Column A Column B

i) Bacteria ( ) a) Fixing nitrogen

ii) Rhizobium ( ) b) Setting of curd

iii) Lactobacillus ( ) c) Baking of bread

iv) Yeast ( ) d) Causing malaria

v) A protozoan ( ) e) Causing cholera

vi) A virus ( ) f) Causing AIDS

g) Producing antibodies

A. i) e ii) a iii) b iv) c v) d vi) f

4. Can microorganisms be seen with the naked eye ? If not, how can they be seen ?

A. i) Microorganisms cannot be seen with the naked eye.

ii) They can be seen with the help of a magnifying glass or microscope.

5. What are the major groups of microorganisms ?

A. Microorganisms are classified into four major groups. They are –

i) Bacteria ii) Fungi iii) Protozoa v) Algae

6. Name the microorganisms which can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.

A. Rhizobium, Anabaena, Nostoc, Azotobacter, etc.

7. Write 10 lines on the usefulness of microorganisms in our lives.

A. i) Microorganisms play an important role in our lives.

ii) Microorganisms are used for various purposes such as bread making, preparation of curd, alcoholic beverages, vinegar etc.

iii) Some of the bacteria are used in the preparation of medicines.

iv) They play an important role in the decomposition of organic wastes and keeping the environment clean.

v) Some microorganisms increase the fertility of the soil by fixing nitrogen.

vi) Microorganisms are used for the production of vaccines.

vii) Certain microorganisms are used in the biological treatment of sewage.

viii) They are also used for the production of antibiotics.

8. Write a short paragraph on the harms caused by microorganisms.

A. i) Microorganisms cause diseases in animals. Eg : In cattle, the foot and mouth disease is caused by a virus.

ii) Several microbes cause diseases in plants. Eg : The productivity of wheat, orange, apple etc. is reduced due to microbial diseases in plants.

iii) Certain microbes, on entering into our body, produce toxic substances. This leads to diseases.

iv) Some microorganisms such as fungus spoil our food. For example, bread when left unused under moist conditions gets spoilt by fungus.

v) Some of the protozoans cause serious diseases like dysentery and malaria.

9. What are antibiotics? What precautions must be taken while taking antibiotics?

A. The medicines produced by certain microorganisms used to kill other disease-causing micro-organisms are called antibiotics. (or) The chemical substances that kill or stop the growth of microorganisms are called antibodies.

Eg : Streptomycin, tetracycline, penicillin etc.

Precautions to be taken while using antibiotics:

i) Antibiotics should be taken under the supervision of a well qualified doctor.

ii) Course (intake) of antibiotics should be completed as per the prescription given by the doctor.

iii) Antibiotics should be taken in the right amount and at the right time.

Microorganisms: Friend and Foe NCERT Solution for Class 8 Science Chapter 2

Many students find science to be a difficult subject. To avoid this circumstance, students should begin brushing up on their understanding of this subject months in advance. A pupil should ideally read the full NCERT book. It is also necessary to learn and practice questions on a regular basis. Class 8 Science Chapter 2 is a tough place for many pupils. If you are one of those students, you should get the NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter 2 pdf from the links provided on this website.

INFINITY LEARN team knows that even the brightest student would not be able to solve all of the questions. This is why they give students with Ncert Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter 2 downloaded files. But what if you want to dig deeper? What if you want to start from the beginning and learn the chapter?

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Class 8 Science Chapter 2 NCERT Solution – Free PDF Download

Final examinations are approaching quickly, and if a student wants to excel, now is the time to begin studying Ncert answers for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms Friend and Foe. Once you’ve finished this chapter, you should move on to the next one. You may download Ncert solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms Friend and Foe by clicking on the pdf link provided below.

But what if a student requires further assistance in comprehending the course material? In that scenario, the student should become a INFINITY LEARN subscriber. We have some of the greatest teachers and educators at INFINITY LEARN who can assist students reach new heights.

Microorganisms (Chapter 2) Class 8: Friend and Foe

Take a look around and take note of what you notice. Chairs, desks, books, technological devices, and other people are all plainly visible. What you can’t see, though, is the amazing world of microbes that are always present.

Some of these bacteria are beneficial to your health and assist you in living a healthier life. Some germs, on the other hand, inflict illness and damage to man-made materials.

This presents a slew of new issues, such as which germs are beneficial and which are harmful. What are the functions of beneficial microorganisms? What are the ways that harmful germs harm us? Students will learn the answers to all of these questions and more in Chapter 2 of Science Class 8.

A weighted average of Ch 2 Science Class 8 marks

Students may be asked questions from this chapter for one, two, three, four, or even five points. Students should solve all of the NCERT questions and practice all of the diagrams several times. The strategy needed to answer any question would be determined by the total score. As a result, a student must practice a wide range of questions from a variety of credible sources.

NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Benefits

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• Highly accurate solutions have been prepared by a team of subject specialists.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

What is the main focus of ncert class 8 science chapter 2.

This chapter explores the role of microorganisms in our lives, discussing how they can be both beneficial and harmful.

What are microorganisms?

Microorganisms, often referred to as microbes, are tiny living organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

How are microorganisms classified in this chapter?

Microorganisms are classified into four major categories: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

What are the beneficial roles of microorganisms?

Microorganisms have several positive roles, including in food production, medicine, waste management, and even in agriculture.

How can microorganisms be harmful?

Microorganisms can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants, leading to infections and other health issues.

Can you provide examples of beneficial microorganisms?

Yes, some examples are bacteria used in curd formation, yeast in bread-making, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil.

How do microorganisms spoil food?

Microorganisms can spoil food by breaking it down, causing unpleasant odors, tastes, and textures.

Why are antibiotics important?

Antibiotics are substances that can kill or inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, helping to treat bacterial infections.

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• Revision Notes For CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 2- Microorganisms: Friends And Foe
• Revision Notes

Class 8 Science Friends And Foe Revision Notes: Free PDF Download

Science in Class 8 is the foundation topic that students learn before moving on to Secondary Level schooling. The second chapter of the CBSE Class 8 Science syllabus is on microorganisms. Students will study if microbes are our allies or foes in this lesson. You may tell by the title that this chapter will talk about microorganisms that aid us and those that cause sickness. There is a lot of new material to comprehend and remember in this chapter.

To make it easier for the Class 8 students, the experts of Vedantu have developed Class 8 Science Chapter 2 notes to follow. In these notes, you will find an excellent explanation of all the chapters in a simpler language. These notes will help you understand the new side of the world of microorganisms. You can download these revision notes and store them on your smart devices for offline access. These notes can be perfectly used to recapitulate the chapter before an exam. Download Microorganisms Friend and Foe Class 8 notes for free and use it to study the chapter well.

Vedantu also provides CBSE NCERT Solutions for all subjects and classes for free.You can also Download NCERT Solution for Class 8 Maths and NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science to help you to revise the complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Topics Covered In Class 8 Science Chapter 2

Download cbse class 8 science revision notes 2023-24 pdf.

Also, check CBSE Class 8 Science revision notes for other chapters:

Access Class 8 Science Chapter 2 - Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

Micro-organisms: , there are numerous organisms living around us that we may not be able to see. we can see some of them through a magnifying glass, like the fungus on bread. some others are so small that they cannot be seen without a microscope.  these organisms that cannot be seen by unaided eyes are termed microorganisms or microbes. the microorganisms can be broadly classified as: bacteria - they are a group of prokaryotic organisms (does not have membrane-bound nucleus or organelles) that constitute a major part of microorganisms. they can inhabit soil, water, and every other habit found on earth. they can be a few micrometers in length and can be of various shapes like spheres, rods, or spirals. example - escherichia coli, coliform bacteria, etc.  fungi - they are a group of eukaryotic organisms (have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles) that are usually heterotrophic in nature. examples - penicillium, bread mold, mushroom, etc. protozoa - they are a group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms that may be parasitic or living independently and are heterotrophic (cannot prepare their own food) in nature. example - amoeba, paramecium, etc. algae - they are a group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms that are predominantly aquatic. example - spirogyra, chlamydomonas, etc. these groups of microorganisms may be harmful or useful in nature. (image will be uploaded soon) the virus is also a microorganism, but they differ from the others in this group as they can reproduce only in the body of a host, be it animals, plants, or humans. example - aids, herpes, rubella, zika, etc., where do microorganisms live, the microorganism may be single-celled or unicellular as in bacteria, protozoa or they may be multicellular as in fungi, animals, etc.  they can survive in water, air and all kinds of environmental conditions like extreme cold climate to even the hot springs, deserts, and marshy lands. some of them even live inside the body of animals, and even humans.  some of them grow on their own whereas others thrive on the body of other animals. , microorganisms and us:, it is to be noted that these microorganisms play a vital role in our lives. some of them may be beneficial to us whereas some of them may have an adverse and harmful effect on us., friendly use of microorganisms:, microorganisms can be put to multiple uses, be it in the making of alcohol, bread, cake, or medicines or in agriculture or cleaning the environment.  (image will be uploaded soon) making of curd and bread:   a bacterium, namely lactobacillus, multiplies in milk converting it into curd. the making of cheese, pickles, and various other food products also involve the use of bacteria.  the process of fermentation [conversion of sugar to alcohol] that is required in the rice batter for making idlis and dosa is again helped by bacteria and yeast.  when yeast is added to a dough, it reproduces rapidly releasing carbon dioxide which bubbles into the dough, making it rise. this property of yeast is used to make bread, cakes, etc. commercial use of microorganisms:   yeast is an ingredient that is widely used in the production of alcohol, wine, and vinegar. this is done by growing yeast on the natural sugar present in the fruit juices like grapes, grains like barley, wheat, rice, etc.  the sugars are converted to alcohol by fermentation. medicinal use of microorganisms:   the source of the widely used medicines, antibiotics(medicines that stop or kill the disease-causing agents) are again microorganisms.  these are manufactured by growing specific as a cure for various diseases.  some of the antibiotics are streptomycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, etc. vaccine:  a disease-causing microorganism called a pathogen produces antibodies against it when it enters our body. these antibodies are retained in our body and we are protected from that disease forever.  a vaccine is a biological substance that initiates the production of antibodies for a specific disease. thus a vaccination protects us from that specific disease.  children are generally vaccinated for many diseases like polio, tuberculosis, chickenpox, hepatitis, etc. smallpox has been eradicated this way. and currently, the covid vaccine is doing the same. increasing soil fertility:  there are some bacteria, like rhizobium that are present in the soil, generally in the roots of leguminous plants, that are capable of fixing the atmospheric nitrogen to enrich the soil with nitrogen which increases the fertility of the soil and the yield of the crop. cleaning the environment:  some of the microorganisms have the ability to decompose dead organic matter and convert them into simpler substances or manure that can be reused for animals or plants, making the environment clean. , harmful uses of microorganisms:, they can be harmful in numerous ways to humans, plants, and animals and cause diseases. as stated, the disease-causing microorganisms are known by the name of pathogens.        (image will be uploaded soon) disease-causing microorganisms in humans:  the harmful pathogens enter the body of humans by means of air, water, or food. they can then spread to others by contact with the infected person or through an animal or insect. the diseases that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person by means of air, water, or contact are termed communicable diseases. examples - plague, chickenpox, tuberculosis, common cold, and the current covid 19 infections. these disease-bearing microorganisms are sometimes carried by insects and animals then they are termed as carriers of that disease. for example - the female anopheles mosquito is the carrier of plasmodium that causes malaria. the mode of transmission, type of microorganism, the disease caused by these microorganisms, and their prevention differ from each other as shown below: (image will be uploaded soon) the prevention of these diseases follows a general pattern of keeping the affected person and his belongings isolated, personal hygiene, proper sanitary practices, drinking boiled and clean water, controlling breeding sites of mosquitoes, consuming properly cooked food, and above vaccination against all these diseases on schedule. disease-causing microorganisms in animals:  many of the microorganisms are a cause of certain diseases in animals too. a few of the diseases found in animals is as shown below: (image will be uploaded soon) disease-causing microorganisms in plants:  many microorganisms are responsible for diseases in plants of potato, rice, wheat, sugarcane, etc reducing the quality and quantity of the yield of the crops. these diseases can be controlled by the use of chemicals that destroys these organisms. some of the diseases of plants are listed as below: (image will be uploaded soon) food poisoning: when the microorganisms contaminate the food, they sometimes produce toxic substances which leads to the ill health of a person consuming it and has health problems like vomiting and needs to be taken to a hospital. this condition of consuming food contaminated with microorganisms is called food poisoning. , preservation of food:, as discussed above, contamination of the food by microorganisms leads to a change in the color and taste of the food. several methods can be followed to prevent this microorganism attack some of them are as follows: a. chemical method: generally salts and edible oils are used to control their growth and these are termed preservatives. example - salt in pickles, sodium benzoate in jams. b. common salt: this is a common practice where meat and fish or some fruits like raw mangoes, tamarind, etc are covered with salt to last them for longer periods. c. sugar: some food items like jams and jellies are preserved in sugar which reduces the moisture to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. d. oil and vinegar: this is also used commonly as the microorganisms cannot live in such conditions. this is widely used in making pickles. e. heat and cold treatments: it is a common practice to boil milk in order to store it. the method of heating milk to eliminate the microbes present in it is called pasteurization. similarly storing food at low temperatures also prevents the growth of these microbes., nitrogen cycle:, the nitrogen cycle can be defined as a biochemical process of circulating the nitrogen in the atmosphere, through soil, organisms, and back to the atmosphere.  the nitrogen present in the atmosphere cannot be consumed by plants or animals directly. this nitrogen needs to be converted to nitrogenous compounds by some bacteria in the soil. this converted form of nitrogen is used by the plants and when the animals feed on them they get that. the fungi and bacteria in the soil convert the nitrogen present in dead plants and animals to either gaseous or compounds that are reused by the plants. thus the balance of nitrogen is maintained in the atmosphere. (image will be uploaded soon), a brief overview of class 8 chapter 2 microorganisms: friends and foe.

Microorganisms are everywhere. They remain invisible to our naked eyes. Some are good and some impart a threat to our health. In this chapter, we will learn more about the microorganisms that help us and those that cause diseases. This chapter will introduce you to four different types of microbes that are protozoa, fungi, bacteria, and algae. Refer to the Science Chapter 2 Class 8 notes to understand the concepts better.

The chapter begins with a proper introduction to the world of microbes. These organisms are everywhere around us and we cannot see them without the assistance of a microscope. On proceeding further in the chapter, you will find an extensive discussion related to bacteria. These are unicellular primitive organisms that have a prokaryotic nucleus. There are different kinds of bacteria present that either helps us or cause diseases. If you refer to the Microorganisms Class 8 notes, you will find out how bacteria can be used to escalate our health. For instance, it will discuss probiotics. It is a medicated solution of living yeasts and bacteria that can be directly consumed to restore balance in our digestive system.

Proceeding further, you will reach the fungi section. These are a little advanced than the bacteria and fall in the plant classification. These are parasitic and saprophytic organisms. These organisms are multicellular and can be seen with our naked eyes. Some of the fungal species exist in unicellular form. You will find excellent uses of fungi mentioned in this chapter. Use the Class 8 Chapter 2 Science notes to study this section and learn how fungi are used for fermentation. We use this process to produce alcohol and curd. Fungi are also used for different purposes. These revision notes will explain all these uses in a simpler language.

Protozoa, on the other hand, are single-celled microbes. They have a eukaryotic nucleus and fall in the animal kingdom. Protozoa can generally move with their cilia, flagella, etc. In this section, you will find how protozoa are harmful to our health. In Science Class 8 Chapter 2 notes, you will then proceed to the section describing viruses. These organisms are miracles of nature. These organisms show living characteristics inside a host cell but show no sign of life outside. The viruses impart harm by causing different diseases such as rabies, HIV, polio, etc.

Why Should You Follow Chapter 2 Science Class 8 Notes?

When you follow Chapter 2 Science Class 8 notes, you will discover a simple explanation of all the concepts mentioned in this chapter. It will help you understand how microbes can be useful to us. You will also find which microbes impart harm by causing disease. To get your revision done faster, download the Class 8 Science Ch 2 notes and use them as a reference before an exam.

Why Should You Opt for Vedantu’s Revision Notes For Class 8 Science Chapter 2?

Vedantu’s CBSE Revision notes for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 are the best online study materials in pdf format. The pdf covers the explanation of concepts in an easy-to-understand language and with diagrams wherever required to enable students to understand the concepts easily. Furthermore, the notes are provided concisely, allowing the students to recall and reinforce concepts at the last moment.

Important Questions For Practice

Very short answer type questions.

Name the four major groups of microorganisms.

Are viruses microscopic?

Where do microorganisms live?

Define fermentation.

Who discovered the smallpox vaccine and when?

Short Answer Type Questions

What are antibiotics?

What are communicable disease?

Name microorganisms that cause disease in plants and animals.

Name few common chemicals that are generally used to check the growth of the organisms.

What actions should be taken to prevent the communicable diseases?

Long Answer Type Questions

Explain Nitrogen Cycle with diagram.

What preventive measures should be taken if a person suffers from tuberculosis, cholera, hepatitis-A, and Malaria?

Explain the process of fermentation.

Last-minute revision from a textbook is not an easy task. Vedantu’s revision notes  for CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 2 summarise important topics of a chapter in an easy-to-understand  format. They provide students additional reference to the chapter for preparing the chapter quickly and and help gain confidence before appearing for their examinations. Download the pdf and keep all the important topics of the chapter at your fingertips.

FAQs on Revision Notes For CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 2- Microorganisms: Friends And Foe

1. How are microorganisms used?

As per Class 8th Science Chapter 2 notes, microbes are used to make food products, prepare new medicines, and different bioactive molecules at a very low cost.

2. What are pathogens?

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases in a host. They are generally parasites. Follow the notes of Science Class 8 Chapter 2 to find examples related to pathogens.

3. What are a carrier and a vector?

A carrier is someone who is carrying pathogens and contaminating others. A vector is a carrier of diseases that contaminates a disease by biting a host. Study Chapter 2 Class 8 Science notes to find out more differences between a carrier and a vector.

4. What are Microorganisms according to Chapter 2 of Class 8 Science?

Microorganisms, often known as microbes, are living organisms that are invisible to the naked eye. They are only visible using a magnifying glass or a microscope. Depending on the kind, microbes can be unicellular or multicellular. Microorganisms, as indicated in Chapter 2 of Science Class 8, can be both hazardous and useful. They may be found anywhere. There are certain exceptions, such as fungus and algae, which humans can see without any special equipment when they infect food.

5. Where do Microorganisms live according to Chapter 2 of Class 8 Science?

Microorganisms may exist in a variety of conditions. Some, such as algae, can be found in water. The air contains bacteria and viruses, many of which cause sickness. Microbes such as archaea, fungus, protists, and others have been discovered within human and animal bodies on rare instances. Some bacteria, but not all, are tolerant to severe circumstances such as cold, heat, a lack of water, a high salt content, and a lack of oxygen in the environment.

6. Is a microorganism a friend or foe according to Chapter 2 of Class 8 Science?

Microorganisms can be both a friend and an adversary, according to Chapter 2 of Science Class 8. Several microorganisms are utilised in cooking, commercial and medical purposes, soil fertilisation, and other applications. On the other hand, some microorganisms are the cause of illness in people, plants, and animals. It should be noted that microorganisms are as much a part of our environment as other living beings and hence, they have an impact on nature in different ways.

7. What are the characteristics of Microorganisms according to Chapter 2 of Class 8 Science?

Microorganisms are unicellular or multicellular organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye. They are categorized into six major types as per their typical features: bacteria, protozoa, fungi, archaea, algae, and viruses. In the revision notes of Chapter 2 Class 8 Science provided by Vedantu , you can learn to distinguish between different kinds of microorganisms based on their peculiarities. You will also get a detailed understanding of the various uses of different microbes in this particular chapter.

8. What is the Nitrogen Cycle according to Chapter 2 of Class 8 Science?

The nitrogen cycle is the conversion of nitrogen in the environment into chemical forms. Plants require nitrogen to flourish, but they cannot take it directly from the air. Bacteria and green algae are microorganisms that help break down nitrogen and refill the soil with it. These nitrogen molecules are then utilised by plants, and through plants, they reach other living organisms. It is a natural procedure that does not need any deduction.

NCERT Solutions

Study materials for class 8.

Case Study Questions Class 8 Science Crop Production and Management

Case study questions class 8 science chapter 1 crop production and management.

CBSE Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Crop Production and Management. Important Case Study Questions for Class 8 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Crop Production and Management.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

CBSE Case Study Questions Class 8 Science Crop Production and Management

Case study 1.

When plants of the same kind arecultivated at one place on a large scale,it is called a crop. For example, crop ofwheat means that all the plants grownin a field are that of wheat.You already know that crops are ofdifferent types like cereals, vegetablesand fruits. These can be classified on thebasis of the season in which they grow.India is a vast country. The climaticconditions like temperature, humidityand rainfall vary from one region toanother. Accordingly, there is a richvariety of crops grown in different partsof the country. Despite this diversity,two broad cropping patterns can beidentified. These are:(i) Kharif Crops: The crops which aresown in the rainy season are calledkharif crops. The rainy season in Indiais generally from June to September.Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut andcotton are kharif crops.(ii) Rabi Crops: The crops grown in thewinter season (October to March) arecalled rabi crops. Examples of rabicrops are wheat, gram, pea, mustardand linseed.Besides these, pulses and vegetables are grown during summer at manyplaces.

Que. 1) Soyabean which is generally sown from June to September isan example of …………………………………………………………………………………….. crops.

Que. 2) Which of the following mentioned crop is included in the category of Rabi Crop?

(c) Groundnut

(d) Mustard

Que. 3) Which among the following factors or conditions does NOT affect the crop production?

(a) Temperature

(b) Humidity

(c) Literacy

(d) Rainfall

Que. 4) What do you understand by the term “Crop”?

Que. 5) What are Rabi Crops? Enlist some of the examples of Rabi Crops.

Que. 1) (a) Kharif

Que. 2) (d) Mustard

Que. 3) (c) Literacy

Que. 4) Answer: When plants of same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale in order to provide food for a large population, it is called a crop.

Que. 5) Answer: Rabi crops are grown in winter season mainly from October to March. Examples of Rabi crop include wheat, gram, pea, linseed and mustard.

Case study 2

The preparation of soil is the first step before growing a crop. One of the mostimportant tasks in agriculture is to turn the soil and loosen it. This allows theroots to penetrate deep into the soil. The loose soil allows the roots to breatheeasily even when they go deep into the soil. Why does the loosening of soil allowthe roots to breathe easily? The loosened soil helps in the growthof earthworms and microbes present in the soil. These organisms are friends ofthe farmer since they further turn and loosen the soil and add humus to it.But why the soil needs to be turned and loosened? You have learnt in the previousclasses that soil contains minerals, water, air and some living organisms.In addition, dead plants and animals get decomposed by soil organisms. Inthis way, various nutrients in the dead organisms are released back into thesoil. These nutrients are again absorbed by plants. Since only a few centimetres of thetop layer of soil supports plant growth, turning and loosening of soil brings thenutrient-rich soil to the top so that plants can use these nutrients. Thus, turning and loosening of soil is very important for cultivation of crops. The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing. This is done by using a plough. Ploughsare made of wood or iron. If the soil is very dry, it may need watering beforeploughing. The ploughed field may have big clumps of soil called crumbs. It isnecessary to break these crumbs. Levelling the field is beneficial for sowing as well as for irrigation. Levelling of soil is done with the help of a leveller.Sometimes, manure is added to the soil before tilling. This helps in propermixing of manure with soil. The soil is moistened before sowing.

Que. 1) Which of the following organism is widely known as the friends of farmers?

(b) Earthworm

(d) Cockroach

Que. 2) The process of loosening and turning of soil is commonly termed as ………………………………………………………………………………………….. .

(a) Watering

(b) winnowing

(c) Ploughing

(d) Harvesting

Que. 3) Why is manure sometimes added to the soil before the process of tilling?

(a) For proper mixing of manure in soil

(b) To reduce the workload

(c) To disinfect soil

(d) For levelling properly

Que. 4) Explain in detail the importance of turning the soil and loosening it.

Que. 5) How is levelling of the soil done? What is the benefit of levelling?

Que. 1) (b) Earthworm

Que. 2) (c) Ploughing

Que. 3) (a) For proper mixing of manure in soil

Que. 4) Answer: Turning of soil allows roots to penetrate deep into the soil. This loosening allows roots to breathe easily. Turning and loosening also helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in soil.

Que. 5) Answer: Levelling of soil is done with the help of a leveller. Levelling in the field is beneficial for sowing as well as for irrigation.

Case study 3

Before sowing the seeds, it is necessary tobreak soil clumps to get better yield. Thisis done with the help of various tools.The main tools used for this purpose arethe plough, hoe and cultivator.Plough: This is being used sinceancient times for tilling the soil, addingfertilisers to the crop, removing the weedsand turning the soil. This is made ofwood and is drawn by a pair of bulls orother animals (horses and camels). Itcontains a strong triangular iron stripcalled ploughshare. The main part of theplough is a long log of wood which iscalled a plough shaft. There is a handleat one end of the shaft. The other end isattached to a beam which is placed onthe bulls’ necks. One pair of bulls and aman can easily operate the plough.The indigenous wooden plough isincreasingly being replaced by ironploughs nowadays.Hoe: It is a simple tool which is usedfor removing weeds and for looseningthe soil. It has a long rod of wood oriron. A strong, broad and bent plate ofiron is fixed to one of its ends and works like a blade. It is pulled byanimals Cultivator: Nowadays ploughing isdone by tractor-driven cultivator. Theuse of cultivator saves labour and time.

Sowing is an important part of cropproduction. Before sowing, good quality,clean and healthy seeds of a goodvariety—are selected. Farmers prefer touse seeds which give high yield.

Are there seeds which float onwater? Would those be lighter orheavier than those which sink? Whywould they be lighter? Damaged seedsbecome hollow and are thus lighter.Therefore, they float on water.This is a good method forseparating good, healthy seeds fromthe damaged ones.Before sowing, one of the importanttasks is to know about the tools usedfor sowing seeds. Traditional tool: The tool usedtraditionally for sowing seeds isshaped like a funnel. Theseeds are filled into the funnel,passed down through two or threepipes having sharp ends. Theseends pierce into the soil and placeseeds there.Seed drill: Nowadays the seed drillis used for sowing with the helpof tractors. This sows the seedsuniformly at equal distance and depth.It ensures that seeds get covered by thesoil after sowing. This protects seedsfrom being eaten by birds. Sowing byusing a seed drill saves time and labour.Appropriate distance between theseeds is necessary to avoid overcrowdingof plants. This allows plants to getsufficient sunlight, nutrients and waterfrom the soil. At times a few plantsmay have to be removed to preventovercrowding.

Que. 1) Which one of the following equipment is NOT used for the purpose of tilling of soil?

(c) Cultivator

Que. 2) ………………………………………………………………………………… is used to sow seeds uniformly at equal distance and depth?

(b) Spade fork

(c) Seed drill

Que. 3) What is the most important thing to be done before sowing of the seeds?

(a) Tilling

(b) seeding

(c) Harvesting

(d) Threshing

Que. 4) What needs to be taken care of before the process of sowing?

Que. 5) Explain a method to determine the damaged seeds before sowing.

Que. 1) (d) Hammer

Que. 2) (c) Seed drill

Que. 3) (a) Tilling

Que. 4) Answer: Thing to be taken care of before sowing are to select good quality, clean and healthy seeds of good variety. It is also important to select the seeds which give high yield.

Que. 5) Answer: To determine damaged seeds, they are put in a vessel containing water. Some seeds will float and some seeds will sink. The seeds floating are lighter because they are hallow from inside. Thus, damaged seeds can be separated from good quality seeds.

Case study 4

The substances which are added to thesoil in the form of nutrients for thehealthy growth of plants are calledmanure and fertilisers.Soil supplies mineral nutrients to thecrop plants. These nutrients areessential for the growth of plants. Incertain areas, farmers grow crop aftercrop in the same field. The field is neverleft uncultivated or fallow. Imagine whathappens to the nutrients?Continuous cultivation of cropsmakes the soil poor in nutrients.Therefore, farmers have to add manureto the fields to replenish the soil withnutrients. This process is calledmanuring. Improper or insufficientmanuring results in weak plants.Manure is an organic substanceobtained from the decomposition ofplant or animal wastes. Farmers dumpplant and animal waste in pits at openplaces and allow it to decompose. Thedecomposition is caused by somemicroorganisms. The decomposedmatter is used as organic manure.Fertilisers are chemicals which arerich in a particular nutrient. How arethey different from manure? Fertilisersare produced in factories. Someexamples of fertilisers are— urea,ammoniumsulphate,superphosphate, potash, NPK (Nitrogen,Phosphorus, Potassium).The use of fertilisers has helpedfarmers to get better yield of cropssuch as wheat, paddy and maize. Butexcessive use of fertilisers has madethe soil less fertile. Fertilisers have alsobecome a source of water pollution.Therefore, in order to maintain thefertility of the soil, we have tosubstitute fertilisers with organicmanure or leave the field uncultivated(fallow) in between two crops.The use of manure improves soiltexture as well as its water retainingcapacity. It replenishes the soil withnutrients.Another method of replenishingthe soil with nutrients is through croprotation. This can be done by growingdifferent crops alternately. Earlier,farmers in northern India used togrow legumes as fodder in one seasonand wheat in the next season. Thishelped in the replenishment of the soilwith nitrogen. Farmers are beingencouraged to adopt this practice.

In the previous classes, you havelearnt about Rhizobium bacteria.These are present in the nodules ofroots of leguminous plants. They fixatmospheric nitrogen.Advantages of Manure: The organicmanure is considered better thanfertilisers. This is because:

• it enhances the water holding capacity of the soil.
• it makes the soil porous due to which exchange of gases becomes easy.
• it increases the number of friendly microbes.
• it improves the texture of the soil.

Que. 1) Organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant and animal waste that helps in the healthy growth of plants are called:

(a) Fertilisers

(b) Chemicals

(d) Cow dung

Que. 2) Excessive use of fertilisers is generally observed to …………………………………………………..…………………………………… ?

(a) Decrease the fertility of soil

(b) Increase the soil content

(c) Rise the amount of microbes

(d) Rise the amount of water in soil

Que. 3) Which of the following nitrogen fixing bacteria is present in the root nodules of leguminous plants?

(a) E. coli

(b) Rhizobium bacteria

(c) Archaebacteria

(d) Eubacteria

Que. 4) Write down some of the examples of commonly used fertilisers.

Que. 5) What do you understand by the term “crop rotation”? Give its importance.

Que. 1) (c) Manure

Que. 2) (a) Decrease the Fertility of soil

Que. 3) (b) Rhizobium bacteria

Que. 4) Answer: Some of the examples of fertilisers include: super phosphate, potash, NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium), urea, ammonium sulphate.

Que. 5) Answer: Crop rotation is the process of growing different crops alternately. It is important because it replenishes the soil with nutrients.

Case study 5

All living beings need water to live.Water is important for proper growthand development. Water is absorbed bythe plant roots. Along with water,minerals and fertilisers are alsoabsorbed. Plants contain nearly 90%water. Water is essential becausegermination of seeds does not take placeunder dry conditions. Nutrientsdissolved in water are transported toeach part of the plant. Water alsoprotects the crop from both frost andhot air currents. To maintain themoisture of the soil for healthy cropgrowth, fields have to be wateredregularly.The supply of water to crops atregular intervals is called irrigation. Thetime and frequency of irrigation variesfrom crop to crop, soil to soil and seasonto season. In summer, the frequency ofwatering is higher. Why is it so? Couldit be due to the increased rate ofevaporation of water from the soil andthe leaves?Sources of irrigation: The sources ofwater for irrigation are— wells,tube wells, ponds, lakes, rivers, damsand canals.Traditional Methods ofIrrigationThe water available in wells,lakes and canals is lifted upby different methods indifferent regions, for taking itto the fields.Cattle or human labour isused in these methods. Sothese methods are cheaper,but less efficient. The varioustraditional ways are:(i) moat (pulley-system)(ii) chain pump(iii) dhekli, and(iv) rahat (Lever system).Pumps are commonlyused for lifting water. Diesel,biogas, electricity andsolar energy is used to runthese pumps.Modern Methods ofIrrigationModern methods of irrigationhelp us to use watereconomically.

The mainmethods used are as follows:(i) Sprinkler System: Thissystem is more useful on theuneven land where sufficientwater is not available. Theperpendicular pipes, havingrotating nozzles on top, arejoined to the main pipelineat regular intervals. Whenwater is allowed to flowthrough the main pipe under pressurewith the help of a pump, it escapes fromthe rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkledon the crop as if it is raining.Sprinkler is very useful for lawns, coffeeplantation and several other crops(ii) Drip system: In this system, thewater falls drop by drop directly nearthe roots. So, it is called drip system. Itis the best technique for watering fruitplants, gardens and trees.Water is not wasted at all. It is a boon inregions where availability of water is poor.

Que. 1) Which of the following is NOT an example of source of irrigation?

Que. 2) Which one of the following examples is a traditional method of irrigation?

(a) Sprinkler

(b) Drip system

Que. 3) …………………………………………………………………………………. is used in uneven land where sufficient water is not available and has a rotating nozzle?

(a) Sprinkler system

(b) Pulley system

(c) Drip system

(d) Chain pump system

Que. 4) Why is irrigation important in crop cultivation?

Que. 5) Explain in detail about the drip irrigation system.

Que. 1) (b) Forest

Que. 2) (d) Dhekli

Que. 3) (a) Sprinkler system

Que. 4) Answer: Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops at regular intervals. Irrigation is important for the proper growth and development of the plants. Along with water irrigation also helps absorb minerals and fertilisers and also helps in the germination of seeds.

Que. 5) Answer: In the drip irrigation system, water falls drop by drop directly near the roots. It is considered to be a best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees. It reduces wastage of water and ideal for places with poor availability of water.

This is a good website it helps me to see all important answers which may come for the examinations.

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CBSE Class 8th Science Value Based Questions are the easiest questions which you see in your question paper and the scoring one all student who attempt it surely get they are just little bit difficult and examine your basic knowledge regarding the particular chapter. Science Value Based Questions for Class 8th are available here at Free of cost. These questions are expected to be asked in the Class 8th board examination. These Science Value Based Questions are from complete CBSE Syllabus.

CBSE Class 8th Science Value Based Questions

Most of these Science Value Based Questions are quite easy and students need only a basic knowledge of the chapter to answer these questions. Download CBSE Science Value Based Questions for board examinations. These Science Value Based Questions are prepared by Directorate of Education, Delhi.

CBSE Science Value Based Questions Class 8th PDF

The purpose of the Science Value Based Questions is to make students aware of how basic values are needed in the analysis of different situations and how students require to recognize those values in their daily lives. Some questions are subject related. But even if they are not, that one-minute awareness of what we write about value without any specific preparation is a good step indeed.

CBSE Science Value Based Questions for Class 8th download here in PDF format. The most CBSE Science Value Based Questions for annual examination are given here for free of cost. The additional questions for practice the Class 8th exam are collected from various sources. It covers questions asked in previous year examinations.

CBSE Science Value Based Questions for Class 8th Free PDF

Class 8th books have many questions. These questions are regularly asked in exams in one or other way. Practising such most CBSE Science Value Based Questions certainly help students to obtain good marks in the examinations. 

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CBSE Important Questions for Class 8 Science

CBSE Important Questions for Class 8 Science help students face the exams confidently. As the exam nears, they should complete the syllabus and start with the revision. The CBSE Important Questions for Class 8 Science will help them revise the subject quickly. Here, we have compiled the important questions for all the chapters of the CBSE Class 8 Science subject. By solving them, students will understand the types of questions asked in the exam. All types of questions are provided for students’ practice from basic to high level. CBSE Class 8 Science is a fascinating subject and includes interesting topics, thus providing basic knowledge about light, current, force, human beings, etc. Solving these CBSE Class 8 Science Important Questions is the best way to revise the major concepts of the subject.

The subject experts created the questions based exclusively from the exam perspective. Students must start solving them at least 20 days before the annual exam. By doing so, they will be able to analyse their weak areas and work on them. Practising the CBSE Important Questions will improve their performance and overall score in CBSE Class 8 Science exam.

There is a total of 18 chapters in NCERT Class 8 Science book. In the table below, we have provided the Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science for all the chapters. We have also included all types of questions, i.e. very short, short and long answers. These questions will cover all the crucial topics and the CBSE Class 8 Science syllabus.

How to Practise the CBSE Class 8 Science Important Questions

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